哮喘相关英文词汇
支气管哮喘哮喘
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茶碱类
口服：6-10mg/kg 控释型：200-600mg/d 静脉：首次计量为4-6mg/kg、慢注、
>10min。 静脉滴注维持为0.8-1.0mg/kg、<1.0g/d
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茶碱类的副作用
胃肠道反应 心血管症状 兴奋神经中枢 安全血药浓度为6-15ug/ml 当用甲氰咪胍、喹诺酮类、大环内
鉴别诊断
心源性哮喘 喘息型慢性支气管炎 支气管肺癌 过敏性肺炎
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心源性哮喘
➢ 有高血压、冠心病、风心病等病史 ➢ 发作性咳嗽、喘、咳粉红色泡沫痰 ➢ 两肺广泛湿啰音和哮鸣音 ➢ 左心室大 ➢ 胸部X线见肺淤血征 ➢ 纠正心衰治疗后喘息可缓解
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喘息型慢性支气管炎
多发生于老年人 慢性咳嗽、咳痰病史、喘息常年存在 肺气肿体征、肺部听诊有干、湿啰音
受体激动剂，❖ 茶碱类， 抗胆碱药 抗炎药： 糖皮质激素， ❖色苷酸钠， 酮替酚，组胺H1受体拮抗剂 急性发作期治疗 非急性发作期治疗
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2肾上腺素受体激动剂
通过激动呼吸道的β2受体，激活腺苷酸 环化酶，使细胞内的环磷腺苷含量增加， 游离钙减少，松弛支气管平滑肌。
长期应用可引起β2受体功能下调和气道 反应性增高，不宜长期、单独使用。
腺受体激动剂时，FEV1增加15%以 上，且FEV1增加绝对值>200ml。 呼气流量峰值（PEF）日内变异率或 昼夜波动率≥20%。
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Hale Waihona Puke 哮喘急性发作期分度的诊断标准
轻度 中度 重度 危重
气短、体位、讲话方式、精神状态、出汗
哮鸣音 、三凹征、奇脉 、应用2受体激动剂后 PEF >70% 50-70% <50% -
医疗健康有关的英语词汇
医疗健康有关的英语词汇一、常见疾病词汇1. Diabetes (糖尿病)2. Hypertension (高血压)3. Asthma (哮喘)4. Cancer (癌症)5. Heart Disease (心脏病)6. Stroke (中风)7. Arthritis (关节炎)8. Obesity (肥胖症)9. Allergy (过敏)10. Depression (抑郁症)二、身体部位词汇1. Heart (心脏)2. Brain (大脑)3. Liver (肝脏)4. Lung (肺)5. Kidney (肾脏)6. Stomach (胃)7. Intestine (肠道)8. Bone (骨骼)9. Muscle (肌肉)10. Skin (皮肤)三、医疗检查与治疗词汇1. Xray (X光检查)2. CT Scan (CT扫描)3. MRI (磁共振成像)4. Ultrasound (超声波检查)5. Blood Test (血液检查)6. Urine Test (尿液检查)7. Physical Examination (体检)8. Surgery (手术)9. Medication (药物治疗)10. Therapy (治疗)四、医疗人员与设施词汇1. Doctor (医生)2. Nurse (护士)3. Surgeon (外科医生)4. Physician (内科医生)5. Dentist (牙医)6. Hospital (医院)7. Clinic (诊所)8. Pharmacy (药房)9. Ambulance (救护车)10. Health Insurance (医疗保险)五、健康生活习惯词汇1. Exercise (锻炼)2. Diet (饮食)3. Sleep (睡眠)4. Relaxation (放松)5. Meditation (冥想)6. Hydration (补水)7. Quit Smoking (戒烟)8. Limit Alcohol (限酒)9. Preventive Measures (预防措施)10. Healthy Lifestyle (健康生活方式)六、症状描述词汇1. Fever (发烧)2. Cough (咳嗽)3. Sore Throat (喉咙痛)4. Headache (头痛)5. Nausea (恶心)6. Vomiting (呕吐)7. Diarrhea (腹泻)8. Constipation (便秘)9. Fatigue (疲劳)10. Pain (疼痛)七、药物与治疗用品词汇1. Painkiller (止痛药)2. Antibiotic (抗生素)3. Antihistamine (抗组胺药)4. Insulin (胰岛素)5. Aspirin (阿司匹林)6. Tablet (药片)7. Capsule (胶囊)8. Syrup (糖浆)9. Injection (注射)10. Bandage (绷带)八、健康与福祉相关词汇1. Wellness (健康)2. Wellbeing (福祉)3. Prevention (预防)4. Recovery (恢复)5. Rehabilitation (康复)6. Immunization (免疫)7. Vaccination (接种疫苗)8. Nutrition (营养)9. Hygiene (卫生)10. Stress Management (压力管理)九、医疗专业术语词汇1. Appendicitis (阑尾炎)2. Appendectomy (阑尾切除手术)3. Hypoglycemia (低血糖)4. Hyperglycemia (高血糖)5. Hypotension (低血压)6. Hypertrophy (肥大)7. Myocardial Infarction (心肌梗死)8. Osteoporosis (骨质疏松)9. Parkinson's Disease (帕金森病)10. Alzheimer's Disease (阿尔茨海默病)十、医疗保险与费用词汇1. Premium (保险费)2. Deductible (免赔额)3. Copayment (共同支付)4. Coverage (保险覆盖范围)5. Claim (理赔)6. Policy (保险单)7. Provider (医疗服务提供者)8. Outofpocket (自付费用)9. Reimbursement (报销)10. Preexisting Condition (既有疾病)十一、心理健康相关词汇1.心理学 Psychology2.心理咨询 Counseling3.心理治疗 Psychotherapy4.情绪波动 Emotional Fluctuations5.焦虑 Anxiety6.恐慌症 Panic Attack7.强迫症 ObsessiveCompulsive Disorder (OCD)8.创伤后应激障碍 PostTraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)9.心理韧性 Psychological Resilience10.自我认知 SelfAwareness十二、替代疗法与补充医学词汇1.针灸 Acupuncture2.按摩 Massage Therapy3.瑜伽 Yoga4.冥想 Meditation5.草药 Herbal Medicine6.顺势疗法 Homeopathy7.营养补充剂 Dietary Supplements8.脊椎按摩 Chiropractic9.能量疗法 Energy Healing10.整骨疗法 Osteopathy十三、医疗程序与手术术语词汇1.活检 Biopsy2.透析 Dialysis3.放疗 Radiation Therapy4.化疗 Chemotherapy5.激光手术 Laser Surgery6.微创手术 Minimally Invasive Surgery7.器官移植 Organ Transplant8.冠状动脉搭桥手术 Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG)9.人工关节置换 Total Joint Replacement10.腹腔镜手术 Laparoscopic Surgery 十四、孕妇与婴儿健康词汇1.妊娠 Pregnancy2.产前检查 Prenatal Care3.分娩 Labor and Delivery4.哺乳 Breastfeeding5.新生儿护理 Newborn Care6.儿科 Pediatrics7.免疫接种 Immunization Schedule8.婴儿食品 Ba Food9.儿童成长发育 Child Development10.产后护理 Postpartum Care十五、健康饮食与营养词汇1.卡路里 Calorie2.蛋白质 Protein3.碳水化合物 Carbohydrates4.脂肪 Fats5.维生素 Vitamins6.矿物质 Minerals7.膳食纤维 Dietary Fiber8.均衡饮食 Balanced Diet9.低脂饮食 LowFat Diet10.素食主义 Vegetarianism通过这些词汇的积累，你将能够更好地理解和沟通医疗健康相关的信息，无论是在专业领域还是日常生活中。
呼吸科英语常用词汇(部分含音标)
呼吸科英语A：Bronchial asthma ['æsmə, 'æz-]支气管哮喘acidosis 酸中毒Allergen,allergic reaction 变异原，变态反应blood gas analysis 血气分析Anaemia 贫血Alveolar 肺泡的antibiotic 抗生素Atelectasis 肺不张Lung abscess 肺脓肿Athrosclerotic heart disease 动脉粥样硬化性心脏病Beta2-agonist B2受体激动剂Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 曲霉菌ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome ['respərətəri, ri'spaiə-]急性呼吸窘迫综合征Percussion and auscultation 叩／听诊Pulmonary arterial stenosis ['pʌlmənəri, 'pul-] [ɑ:'tiəriəl][sti'nəusis]肺动脉狭窄Adrenal glucocorticoid 肾上腺糖皮质激素BBiopsy 活检Bronchiectasis 支气管扩张Fiber optic bronchoscopic biopsy 纤支镜活检BAL bronchoalveolar lavage 支气管肺泡灌洗Bronchitis,bronchiolitis 支气管炎，细支气管炎Boop：bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneunomia闭塞性细支气管炎伴机化性肺炎Bronchoscopy 支气管镜检查CCAHD coronary arteriosclerotic heart disease 冠心病CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation 心肺复苏CDILD chronic diffuse interstitial lung disease 慢性间质性肺病COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢阻肺Clubbed finger 杵状指dry cough 干咳Cyanosis 紫绀Nonproductive cough 干咳Complication 并发症DDyspnea [disp'ni:ə] 呼吸困难Differential diagnosis 鉴别诊断Discharge diagnosis 出院诊断EEmphysema [,emfi'si:mə]肺气肿pulmonary embolism ['embəlizəm] 肺栓塞Acid base equolibrium 酸碱平衡etiology 病因学Emphysematous 肺大泡Expectoration 吐痰Exacerbation 加重Endogenous内生的Exogenous 外生的FInterstitial pulmonary fibrosis 间质性肺纤维化GGM+ Gram stain positiveGm- Gram stain negativeHHypersensitivity pneumonia 过敏性肺炎Hemoglobin 血红蛋白Hemoptysis 咯血Hemorrhage 出血HRCT high –resolution computerized tomography 高分辨CT Histology 组织学Hypoxia 缺氧IIdiopathic interstitial pneumonia 特发间质性肺炎Intratracheal 气管内的Intravenous 静脉内的NNoninvasive ventilation 无创机械通气OOSAS obstructive sleep apnea syndrome 阻塞性呼吸暂停综合征PPulmonary second sound 肺动脉瓣第二心音Pneumonia [nju:'məunjə]肺炎Pneumothorax [,nju:mə'θɔ:ræks]气胸PTE pulmonary thromboembolism 肺动脉血栓栓塞症Ventilation/perfusion ratio 通气血流比Pleura 胸腔积液Primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管源性肺癌Provocation test 激发试验Parenchymal 实质的（interstitial的）Pulmonary edema肺水肿Lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎Lobular pneumonia 小叶性肺炎RMoist rales 湿罗音Dry rales 干罗音SSaO2 saturation in arterial blood 动脉血氧饱和度Short of breath 气短Syncope 晕厥Sarcoidosis 结节病Segment 段TTuberculosis 结核病Tachypnea 气促Thrombosis 血栓TBLB transbronchial lung biosy 经支气管肺活检Thoracoscopy 胸腔镜检查UUpper respiratory tract infection 上呼吸道感染WWheeze 哮鸣音其他facilitating sputum expectoration 排痰release of bronchial spasm 解痉细菌steptococcus pneumoiae 肺炎链球菌staphylococcus 葡萄球菌legionella 军团菌mycoplasma 支原体chlamydia 衣原体pneumococcus 肺炎球菌。
哮喘英文和中文PPT课件
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II. Definition
定义
Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways in which many cells and cellular elements play a role. The chronic inflammation causes an associated airway hyperresponsiveness that leads to recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing, particularly at night or in the early morning. These episodes are usually associated with widespread but variable airflow obstruction that is often reversible either spontaneously or with treatment.
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Key Points
Chronic airway inflammation 症 Airway hyperresponsiveness
性
道狭窄 症状 喘鸣 气短
气道慢性炎
气道高反应 可逆性气
Reversible airflow obstruction
Symptoms:
Wheezing
Breathlessness
症状
manifestations
Episodic breathlessness and wheezing,
英语有关疾病词汇学习
❖ diabetes 糖尿病
❖ obesity 肥胖症
❖ heart disease 心脏病
❖ stroke
中风
❖ arrhythmia 心律不齐
❖ indigestion 消化不良
❖ Obese 肥胖的 ❖ Pesticide 农药 ❖ Plump 丰满的 ❖ Robust 健康有活力的 ❖ Skinny 皮包骨的 ❖ Slender 瘦弱的 ❖ Slim 苗条的 ❖ Sound 健康的 ❖ Staple food 主食 ❖ Stout 结实的，矮胖的 ❖ Sturdy 强健的 ❖ Tubby 矮胖的 ❖ Vegetarian 素食者
❖ gastritis 胃炎
❖ appendicitis 盲肠炎
❖ hepatitis 肝炎
❖dermatitis 皮炎 ❖flu 流感 ❖diarrhea 痢疾 ❖vaccinate 打疫苗 ❖endemic 水土不服 ❖sprain 扭伤 ❖scalding 烫伤 ❖graze 擦伤 ❖scratch 搔挠 ❖trauma 外伤 ❖bruise 淤伤
❖fracture 骨折 ❖dislocation 脱臼 ❖tinnitus 耳鸣 ❖trachoma 沙眼 ❖colour blindness 色盲 ❖nearsightedness/myopia 近视 ❖astigmatism 散光
❖gingivitis 牙龈炎 ❖cavity 龋齿 ❖fever 发烧 ❖discomfort/disorder 不适 ❖malnutrition 营养不良 ❖incubation 潜伏期 ❖asthenia 虚弱
❖ Aerobic exercise 有氧运动 ❖ Bodybuilding 健身 ❖ Feeble 虚弱的 ❖ Flabby 不结实的，松弛的 ❖ Food additive 食品添加剂 ❖ Food colorant 食品色素 ❖ Health care 保健 ❖ Health facilities 卫生设施 ❖ Junk food 垃圾食品 ❖ Low-fat food 低脂食品 ❖ Mineral 矿物质
内科常用专业英语词汇
内科常用专业英语词汇内科常用专业英语词汇汇总内科包括呼吸内科，消化内科，心血管内科，神经内科，肿瘤科，内分泌科，血液内科，传染病科，小儿科等等等。
内科问诊呼吸内科：包括的疾病有感冒、肺炎、肺气肿、肺结核、支气管扩张、哮喘、肺癌、肺心病、呼吸衰竭、慢性支气管炎、气胸、肺脓肿、胸腔积液、间质性肺疾病。
yjbys网为大家推荐内科常用专业英语词汇汇总如下：心血管系统 The Cardiovascular SystemAcute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) 急性心机梗塞Electrocardiogram (DCG) 心电图Hypertensive Cardiovascular Disease 高血压性心脏血管疾病Congential Heart Disease 先天性心脏病Hemangioma 血管瘤Vasodilatation 血管扩张Arteriosclerosis 动脉硬化Hypertension 高血压Hypertrophy 肥大Hypotension 低血压Varicose veins 静脉曲张血液及淋巴系统 The Hemic and Lymphatic SystemAdenitis 腺炎Acute Lymphogenous Leukemia 急性淋巴球性白血病Leukocyte 白血球Leukocytopenia白血球减少Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 全身性红斑性狼疮Splenomegaly 脾肿大Anemia贫血Aseptic 无菌的Septicemia败血症Hemostasis 止血Transfusion输血呼吸系统 The Respiratory System Pulmonary embolism 肺栓塞Mucosa 黏膜Exhale呼吸Apnea窒息Tachypnea呼吸急促Pneumonia肺炎Bronchitis支气管炎Lung Empyema 肺积脓消化系统 The Digestive System Short of breath 呼吸短促Dysphasia说话困难Aphasia 失语症Aphonia失声Dysphagia 吞咽困难Gingivitis 齿龈炎Pharyngitis 咽炎Laryngitis 喉炎Esophagoscopy 食道镜检查。
呼吸内科专业英语
呼吸内科专业英语第一篇：呼吸内科专业英语呼吸科英语 Bronch ial asthma 支气管哮喘 acidosis 酸中毒Allergen,allergic reaction 变异原，变态反应blood gas analysis 血气分析 Anaemia 贫血 Alveolar 肺泡的 antibiotic 抗生素Atelectasis 肺不张 Lung abscess 肺脓肿Athrosclerotic heart disease 动脉粥样硬化性心脏病Beta2-agonist B2受体激动剂Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 曲霉菌ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome 急性呼吸窘迫综合征Percussion and auscultation 叩／听诊Pulmonary arterial stenosis 肺动脉狭窄Adrenal glucocorticoid 肾上腺糖皮质激素B Biopsy 活检Bronchiectasis 支气管扩张Fiber optic bronchoscopic biopsy 纤支镜活检BAL bronchoalveolar lavage 支气管肺泡灌洗 Bronchitis,bronchiolitis 支气管炎，细支气管炎Boop： bronchiolitis obliterans with organizing pneunomia 闭塞性细支气管炎伴机化性肺炎Bronchoscopy 支气管镜检查C CAHD coronary arteriosclerotic heart disease 冠心病CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation 心肺复苏CDILD chronic diffuse interstitial lung disease 慢性间质性肺病COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 慢阻肺Clubbed finger 杵状指 dry cough 干咳 Cyanosis 紫绀Nonproductive cough 干咳 Complication 并发症 D Dyspnea 呼吸困难Differential diagnosis 鉴别诊断 Discharge diagnosis 出院诊断E Emphysema 肺气肿pulmonary embolism 肺栓塞 Acid base equolibrium 酸碱平衡etiology 病因学Emphysematous 肺大泡 Expectoration 吐痰 Exacerbation 加重Endogenous内生的Exogenous 外生的 F Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis 间质性肺纤维化G GM+ Gram stain positive Gm-Gram stain negative H Hypersensitivity pneumonia 过敏性肺炎Hemoglobin 血红蛋白Hemoptysis 咯血 Hemorrhage 出血HRCT high –resolution computerized tomography 高分辨CT Histology 组织学 Hypoxia 缺氧 I Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia 特发间质性肺炎Intratracheal 气管内的Intravenous 静脉内的N Noninvasive ventilation 无创机械通气O OSAS obstructive sleep apnea syndrome 阻塞性呼吸暂停综合征P Pulmonary second sound 肺动脉瓣第二心音 Pneumonia 肺炎 Pneumothorax 气胸PTE pulmonary thromboembolism 肺动脉血栓栓塞症Ventilation/perfusion ratio 通气血流比 Pleura 胸腔积液Primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管源性肺癌Provocation test 激发试验 Parenchymal 实质的（insterstial间质的）Plumonary edema 肺水肿Lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎2/3 Lobular pneumonia 小叶性肺炎 R Moist rales 湿罗音 Dry rales 干罗音 S SaO2 saturation in arterial blood 动脉血氧饱和度 Short of breath 气短 Syncope 晕厥Sarcoidosis 结节病Segment 段T Tuberculosis 结核病Tachypnea 气促 Thrombosis 血栓TBLB transbronchial lung biosy 经支气管肺活检 Thoracoscopy 胸腔镜检查U Upper respiratory tract infection 上呼吸道感染W Wheeze 哮鸣音其他facilitating sputum expectoration 排痰release of bronchial spasm 解痉细菌steptococcus pneumoiae 肺炎链球菌staphylococcus 葡萄球菌 legionella 军团菌 mycoplasma 支原体 chlamydia 衣原体pneumococcus 肺炎球菌video-assisted thoracoscopic-guided[θɔ'rækəskəup] 胸腔镜lung biopsy open lung biopsy pleural biopsy biopsy of enlarged lymph nodes D-Dimers electrocardiogram(ECG)心电图echocardiogram超声心动图V/Q isotope['aisəutəup] 同位素scan(ventilation/perfusion scanning)spiral螺旋CT/MRA(Magnetic Resonance Angiography[,ændʒi'ɔɡrəfi]血管造影术)pulmonary angiography Doppler['dɔplə] 多普勒USS thigh[θai]大腿 and pelvis['pelvis] 骨盆(USS: ultrasound scanning)cardiac monitor PSG(polysommography)常见的病名diseases acute upper respiratory tract infection 急性上呼吸道感染 common cold 普通感冒influenza 流感[,influ'enzə] pharynigitis 咽炎pharyngalgi a[færin'gældʒiə] 咽痛 acute broncho-bronchitis 急性气管-支气管炎 4/14 pneumonia 肺炎community acquired pneumonia(CAP)社区获得性肺炎hospital acquired pneumonia(HAP)医院获得性肺炎nosocomical pneumonia(NP)医院内肺炎bronchiectasis 支气管扩张chornic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎 pulmonary emphysema 肺气肿chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(acute exacerbating)AECOPD COPD急性发作 bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘 allergic rhinitis[rai'naitis]过敏性鼻炎 respiratory failure 呼吸衰竭lung abscess 肺脓肿pulmonary tuberculosis 肺结核病 lung cancer: 肺癌primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管肺癌squamous['skweiməs] cell carcinoma 鳞癌 adenocarcinoma 腺癌['ædənəu,kɑ:si'nəumə]bronchoalveolar cell carcinoma 支气管肺泡细胞癌small cell lung carcinoma（SCLC）小细胞肺癌 pulmonary metastasis 肺转移瘤[mə'tæstəsis] pulmonary embolism（PE）肺栓塞pulmonary thromboembolism(PTE)肺血栓栓塞症[,θrɔmbəu'embəlizəm] pulmonary infarction 肺梗死deep venous thrombosis ,DVT 深静脉血栓形成empyema 脓胸[,empai'i:mə] pneumothorax气胸pyopneumothorax 脓气胸['paiəu,nju:məu'θɔ:ræks] chronic suppurative disease 慢性化脓性疾病['sʌpjuərətiv,-reitiv] congenital cyanotic disease 先天性紫绀性心脏病[,saiə'nɔtik] cor pulmonale 肺源性心脏病['kɔ:,pumə'næli] pulmonary hypertension 肺动脉高压pulmonary encephalopathy 肺性脑病[en,sefə'lɔpəθi] right heart failure;right-sided heart failure 右心衰竭pulmonary vascular diseases 肺血管疾病interstitial lung disease, ILD 弥漫性间质性肺疾病idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IPF 特发性肺纤维化[,idiə'pæθik] cryptogenic[,kriptəu'dʒenik] 隐源性的 fibrosing alveolitis, CFA 隐源性纤维化性肺泡炎 connective tissue related lung diseases 结缔组织相关性肺疾病systemic lupus['lju:pəs]狼疮erythematosus, SLE 系统性红斑狼疮dermatomyositis 皮肌炎sarcoidosis 结节病[,sɑ:kɔi'dəusis]Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis[,prəutii'nəusis], PAP 肺泡蛋白沉积症Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis ['hi:məu,sidə'rəusis, ,hem-]特发性肺含铁血黄素沉着病Langerhans cell granulomatosis 朗格汉斯细胞肉芽肿病['ɡrænju,ləumə'təusis] Eosinophilic granuloma 嗜酸性肉芽肿[,i:əsinə'filik] Histiocytosis X 组织细胞增多症X Wegener granulomatosis Wegener肉芽肿extrinsic allergic alveolitis 外源性过敏性肺泡炎pneumoconiosis 尘肺['nju:mə,kəuni'əusis] drug-induced lung disease 药物性肺病aspergillosis[æ,spə:dʒi'ləusis] 曲菌病：allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis(ABPA)pleural disease 胸膜疾病broncho-pleural fistula 支气管胸膜瘘['fistjulə] oral candidiasis 口腔念珠菌病，鹅口疮[,kændi'daiəsis] osteoporotic bone change 骨质疏松样改变 glaucoma 青光眼 cataract白内障acute lung injury，ALI 急性肺损伤acute respiratory distress syndrome , ARDS 急性呼吸窘迫综合征urticaria 荨麻疹 eczema 湿疹 hypertension 高血压 diabetes 糖尿病be administered, treat sb.with empirical 经验性的, prophylactic[,prɔfi'læktik, ,prəu-]预防性, remedial[ri'mi:diəl]治疗性Expectorant 祛痰药[eks'pektərənt] Mucolytics 粘液溶解剂[,mju:kəu'litik] 常用的药物 drugs or agents bronchodilator支气管扩张剂[,brɔŋkəudai'leitə] B2-agonists['æɡənist]兴奋剂: short-acting :salbutamol沙丁胺醇[sæl'bju:təmɔ(:)l] long-acting: salmeterol 沙美特罗muscarinic[,mʌskə'rinik] 毒蕈碱样的antagonists[æn'tæɡənist]对抗剂: ipratropium bromide['brəumaid] 异丙托溴胺aminophylline 氨茶碱[ə,mi:nəu'fili:n] steroids['stiərɔid]类固醇inhaled: budesonide 布地奈po(per 德，os)., beclomethasone[,bekləu'meθəsəun]倍氯米松，fluticasone氟替卡松systemic: prednisolone['pred'nisələun] 强的松hydrocortisone[,haidrəu'kɔ:tizəun] 氢化可的松iv.mast cell stabilizers: cromoglycate sodium色甘酸钠leukotriene[,lju:kəu'traiən]白三烯receptor antagonists: montelukast孟鲁司特respiratory stimulants: lobeline 6/14 nikethamide[ni'keθəmaid,-mid]尼可刹米cardiac tonic 强心剂 diuretics 利尿剂[,daijuə'retik] albumin 白蛋白['ælbjumin] antitussive agents 镇咳药[,ænti'tʌsiv] ammoniumchloride 氯化铵[ə'məunjəm]铵['klɔ:raid]氯化物ambroxol 氨溴索（mucosolvan 沐舒坦）Pantoloc潘妥洛克常用的治疗措施low or high flow oxygen: nasal cannulae['kænjuli:]鼻导管，Venturi[ven'tjuəri]文里氏face-mask nebulizer['nebjulaizə]喷雾器: finer particle size(3 to 20um)allows tracheobronchial deposition metered dose inhaler(MDI)定量雾化吸入器via intubation[,intju:'beiʃən]插管，tracheostomy [,træki'ɔstəmi, ,trei-]气管造口术，tracheotomy[,træki'ɔtəmi, ,trei-]气管切开术)synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation, SIMV 同步间歇指令通气 pressure support ventilation, PSV 压力支持通气thoracocentesis 胸腔穿刺术[,θɔ:rəkəsen'tesis] chest drain/drainage 引流术 chemotherapy 化疗 radiation therapy 放疗pneumonectomy 肺切除术[,nju:məu'nektəmi] lobectomy of lung，pulmonary lobectomy肺叶切除术[ləu'bektəmi]叶切除术thoracotomy 开胸术，胸廓切开术[,θɔ:rə'kɔtəmi] pleurodesis胸膜剥脱术 pleurectomy 胸膜切除术 pleural adhesion 胸膜粘连术thromboendarterectomy血栓动脉内膜切除术inferior vena cava filter 下腔静脉过滤器cystic['sistik]囊性的/varicose['værikəus]曲张样/cyclindrical柱状-tram-tracks轨道样 hemoptysisdeviation :trachea and apex ['eipeks]尖端 shift contralaterally 对立的旁边CXR: translucency [trænz'lju:sənsi] 半透明+collapse倒塌: visible rim边缘refractory or recurrent周期性的: pleurodesis胸膜固定术, pleurectomy[plu'rektəmi]胸膜切除术, bulla['bulə] 大疱 stapling装订 or lasering激光常用的化疗药 9/14 cisplatin 顺铂Gemcitabine吉西他滨：Gemzar(盐酸吉西他滨注射剂)paclitaxel;taxinol紫杉醇（Taxol泰素）docetaxel多西他赛（泰素帝）常见的抗生素beta-lactam antibiotics: inhibit cell wall synthesis penicillin skin test amoxicillin 阿莫西林piperacillin/tazobactam sodium 哌拉西林/他唑巴坦钠ticarcillin/ clavulanate potassium 替卡西林/克拉维酸钾cephamycin 头孢菌素类 cefradine 头孢拉啶 cefaclor 头孢克洛cefoperazone/sulbactam 头孢哌酮/舒巴坦 ceftriaxone 头孢曲松 cefpiramide 头孢吡啶 ceftazidime 头孢他定 ceftizoxime 头孢唑污 carbopenems 碳青霉烯类 azactam 氨曲南meropenem 美罗培南imipenem and sodium cilastatin 亚胺培南/西司他丁钠（泰能tienam）Glycopeptides 糖肽类inhibit cell wall assembly vancomycin 万古霉素 norvancomycin 去甲万古霉素 teicoplanin 替考拉林Macrolides大环内酯类：inhibit protein synthesis roxithromycin 罗红霉素 clarithromycin 克拉霉素 azithromycin 阿奇霉素 erythromycin 红霉素Aminoglycoside antibiotics: 氨基糖苷类reno-and ototoxic inhibit initiation and elongation process during protein synthesis amikacin 阿米卡星（丁胺卡那）gentamicin 庆大霉素 streptomycin 链霉素 Sulfamido 磺胺类sulfamethoxazole compound(SMZ.CO)Quinolones 喹诺酮类：inhibit DNA gyrase norfloxacin 诺氟沙星 ofloxacin 氧氟沙星levofloxacin 左氧氟沙星 gatifloxacin 加替沙星moxifloxacin 莫西沙星ciprofloxacin 环丙沙星Tetracycline 四环素类 minocycline 美满霉素 Nitromidazole 硝基咪唑类 metronidazole 甲硝唑tinidazole 替硝唑 ornidazole 奥硝唑Antitubercular agents抗结核药 rifampicin 利福平 rifapentine 利福喷丁isoniazide, isonicotinic hydrazide acid INH 异烟肼pyrazinamide 吡嗪酰胺 ethambutol 乙胺丁醇Antifungal/antimycotic drug 抗真菌药 nystatin 制霉菌素amphotericin 两性霉素B fluconazole 氟康唑 voriconazole 伏立康唑 itraconazole 伊曲康唑 Antivirus agents ribavirin 利巴韦林oseltamivir 奥司他韦acyclovir 阿昔洛韦ganciclovir 更昔洛韦valaciclovir 伐昔洛韦 foscarnet sodium, phosphonoformic acid膦甲酸钠（可耐）lamivudine 拉米夫定 entecavir 恩替卡韦常见的病原微生物microorganism, microbe 微生物 bacterium 细菌lipopolysaccharide（LPS）脂多糖 antibiotics 抗生素 pyrogen 致热原 exotoxin 外毒素 endotoxin 内毒素 Gram stain 革兰染色Colony forming unit, CFU 集落形成单位 antibacterial agents 抗菌药 resistance 耐药性ESBLs：extended spectrum B-lactamases 超光谱B内酰胺酶MRSA： methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus 耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌 bacteremia 菌血症toxemia 毒血症 11/14 endotoxemia 内毒素血症septicaemia 败血症pyemia 脓毒血症pathogen 致病原pathogenicity 致病性 virulence 毒力median lethal dose(LD50)半数致死量median infective dose(ID50)半数感染量 virus 病毒replication 复制 viremia 病毒血症normal microbiota, microflora, normal flora, physiological microbiota 正常微生物群flora disequilibrium 菌群失调dysbacteriosis 菌群失调症opportunistic infection 机会性感染 conditioned infection 条件致病性感染 endogenous infection 内源性感染 exogenous infection 外源性感染antimicrobial susceptibility testing 药物敏感试验minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)最小抑菌浓度minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)最小杀菌浓度disinfection 消毒sterilization 灭菌asepsis 无菌aseptictechnique 无菌技术bacteriostasis 抑菌antisepsis 防腐disinfectant 消毒剂bacteriostatic agent 抑菌剂 bactericide 杀菌剂autoclaving or steam under pressure sterilization 高压蒸汽灭菌法 ultraviolet radiation, UV 紫外线 isolation precaution 隔离预防artificial active immunization 人工主动免疫 vaccination 疫苗接种killed/inactivated vaccine 死/灭活疫苗attentuated live vaccine 减毒活疫苗 toxoid 类毒素artificial passive immunity 人工被动免疫 antitoxin 抗毒素gammaglobulin 丙种球蛋白Staphylococcus aureus 金黄色葡萄球菌Coagulase-negative staphylococci 凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌Staphylococcus epidermidis 表皮葡萄球菌12/14 Streptococcus pneumoniae , pneumococcus 肺炎链球菌Viridans streptococci 草绿色链球菌Escherichia coli 大肠埃希菌 Klebsiella pneumoniae 肺炎克雷伯菌 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 铜绿假单胞菌 Haemophilus influenzae 流感嗜血杆菌 Legionella 军团杆菌属 Enterobacter cloacae 阴沟肠杆菌 Serratia 沙雷菌属Proteus vulgaris 普通变形杆菌 Acinebacter 不动杆菌属Neisseria meningitis, meningococcus 脑膜炎链球菌 Neisseria gonorrhoeae, gonococcus 淋病奈瑟菌Shigella, dysentery bacterium 痢疾杆菌 Salmonella typhi 伤寒沙门菌 Vibrio cholerae 霍乱弧菌Helicobacter pylori 幽门螺杆菌 Campylobacter jejuni 空肠弯曲菌Mycobacterium, acid-fast bacilli 分枝杆菌属，抗酸杆菌Mycobacterium tuberculosis,tubercle bacillus 结核分枝杆菌Purified protein derivate, PPD Old tuberculin,OT Atypical mycobacteria 非结核分枝杆菌 Mycobacterium leprae 麻风分枝杆菌Anaerobic bacterial 厌氧性细菌 Clostridium tetani 破伤风梭菌Clostridum perfringens 产气荚膜梭菌Clostridum botulinum 肉毒梭菌 Clostridum difficile 艰难梭菌antibiotic-associated diarrhea 抗生素相关性腹泻pseudomembranous colitis 假膜性结肠炎Corynebacterium diphtheriae 白喉棒状杆菌Yersinia 耶尔森菌属Brucella 布氏菌属Actinomyces 放线菌属Treponema pallidum 梅毒螺旋体（苍白密螺旋体）Venereal disease reference laboratory(VDRL)Rapid plasma regain(RPR)Mycoplasma pneumoniae 肺炎支原体Chlamydia trachomatis 沙眼衣原体Viruses associated with respiratory infections 呼吸道病毒Influenza virus 流感病毒Parainfluenza virus 副流感病毒Respiratory syncytial virus, RSV 呼吸道合胞病毒13/14 Coronavirus 冠状病毒Severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARS Adenovirus 腺病毒Rubella virus 风疹病毒Rhinovirus 鼻病毒Enterovirus 肠道病毒Rotavirus 轮状病毒hepatitis B virus 乙型肝炎病毒Encephalitis B virus 流行性乙型脑炎病毒 Hantavirus 汉坦病毒Viral hemorrhagic fever 病毒性出血热Herpes simplex virus, HSV 单纯疱疹病毒Varicella-Zoster virus, VZV 水痘-带状疱疹病毒Cytomegalovirus, CMV 巨细胞病毒 Epstein-Barr virus, EBV EB病毒Human herpes virus 6, HHV-6 人疱疹病毒6型Human papillomaviruses, HPV 人乳头状瘤病毒Human immunodeficiency virus, HIV 人类免疫缺陷病毒Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, AIDS Human T-lymphotropic virus, HTLV 人T淋巴细胞病毒 Adult T-cell leukemia成人T细胞性白血病Rabies virus 风疹病毒Fungus 真菌Yeast 酵母Spore 孢子Hypha 菌丝Dermatophytes 皮肤癣菌 Trichophyton 毛癣菌属Epidermophyton 表皮癣菌属 Tinea 癣Histoplasma 组织胞浆菌属 Histoplasmosis 组织胞浆菌病Saccharomyces albicans, candida albicans 白假丝酵母菌，白色念珠菌Candidiasis 念珠菌病 Cryptococcus neoformans 新生隐球菌 Pneumocystis carinii 卡氏肺孢子菌Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia , PCP 卡氏肺孢子菌肺炎Aspergillus 曲霉菌 Mucor 毛霉菌属第二篇：呼吸内科)一、慢支炎处方氨苄西林胶囊0.5tid溴已新片（必淑平）16mgtid氨茶碱0.1tid此方主要是针对发作较轻者，患病时间长的老年人。
西医重症医学科术语英文翻译
西医重症医学科术语英文翻译以下是常见的西医重症医学科术语英文翻译：1. 重症医学科：Intensive Care Unit (ICU)2. 急性呼吸窘迫综合征：Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)3. 慢性阻塞性肺疾病：Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)4. 心力衰竭：Heart Failure (HF)5. 急性心肌梗死：Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)6. 休克：Shock7. 重症感染：Severe Infections8. 多器官功能衰竭：Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS)9. 脓毒症：Sepsis10. 深静脉血栓形成：Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)11. 重症哮喘：Severe Asthma12. 急性肾损伤：Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)13. 重症胰腺炎：Severe Pancreatitis14. 重症肝炎：Severe Hepatitis15. 严重烧伤：Major Burns16. 大出血：Massive Bleeding17. 危重病营养支持：Critical Care Nutrition Support18. 机械通气：Mechanical Ventilation19. 血液净化治疗：Blood Purification Therapies20. 心肺复苏术：Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)21. 体外膜氧合技术：Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO)22. 重症监测技术：Critical Care Monitoring Techniques23. 血管活性药物：Vasoactive Drugs24. 镇静镇痛治疗：Sedation and Analgesia Therapies25. 重症患者的转运：Transport of Critically Ill Patients26. 重症护理记录：Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Notes and Progress Notes27. 脓毒症管理：Sepsis Management28. 多学科团队协作：Multidisciplinary Team Collaborations in the ICU29. 重症患者的心理护理：Psychological Care for the Critically Ill30. 人工气道管理：Artificial Airway Management in the ICU31. 高血压危象管理：Management of Hypertensive Crises in the ICU32. 心律失常处理：Treatment of Arrhythmias in the ICU33. 急性呼吸衰竭处理：Treatment of Acute Respiratory Failure in the ICU34. 血液保护和输血治疗：Blood Conservation and Transfusion Therapies in the ICU35. 水、电解质平衡和酸碱平衡紊乱的处理：Management of Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Disorders in the ICU36. 重症患者的血糖管理：Glycemic Control in the ICU37. 中性粒细胞减少症的处理：Management of Neutropenia in the ICU38. 重症患者的营养支持原则与实践：Principles and Practice of Nutrition Support in the ICU39. 重症患者的疼痛管理：Pain Management in the ICU40. 镇静和镇痛的伦理问题与考虑因素：Ethical Issues and Considerations in Sedation andAnalgesia in the ICU41. 多器官功能衰竭的预防与管理：Prevention and Management of Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS) in the ICU42. 重症患者的机械通气管理策略与实践：Strategies and Practice of Mechanical Ventilation Management in the ICU43. 重症患者的人工气道管理原则与实践：Principles and Practice of Artificial Airway Management in the ICU44. 高血压危象的诊断与治疗策略：Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies for Hypertensive Crises in the ICU45. 心律失常的评估与处理原则：Assessment and Management Principles for Arrhythmias in the ICU46. 急性呼吸衰竭的诊断与治疗策略：Diagnostic and Therapeutic Strategies for Acute Respiratory Failure in the ICU47. 水、电解质平衡和酸碱平衡紊乱的诊断与处理原则：Diagnostic and Management Principles for Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Disorders in the ICU48. 重症患者的血糖监测与管理策略：Monitoring and Management Strategies for Glycemia in the ICU49. 重症患者的心理护理与精神支持原则与实践：Principles and Practice of Psychological Care and Mental Support for the Critically Ill。
8.1.3 支气管哮喘
支气管哮喘（bronchial asthma）
概述：哮喘，全世界哮喘患者约1亿人
✧呼吸道过敏反应→以支气管可逆性发作性痉挛
为特征的慢性阻塞性炎性疾病
✧临床：反复发作性喘息、带有哮鸣音的呼气性
呼吸困难，胸闷、咳嗽。
常有特异性变态反应体质
[病因和发病机制]
✧过敏原：（花粉、尘螨、动物皮毛、药物、鱼、
虾等）抗原刺激后→通过抗原递呈细胞→B细胞→IgE→肥大细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞。
✧遗传因素：多基因遗传性疾病（50%与遗传有
关)，协同作用
[病理变化]
肉眼：肺膨胀，柔软、疏松，可有肺不张，支气管腔内有粘液栓
镜下：①支气管粘膜上皮脱落，杯状细胞↑
②基底膜增厚并玻璃样变
③粘膜下水肿，粘液腺增生
④平滑肌增生肥大
⑤管壁炎性细胞浸润
[临床病理联系]
✧呼气性呼吸困难、喘息伴哮鸣音（细支气管
痉挛和黏液栓的阻塞）
✧胸廓变形
✧肺气肿（哮喘反复发作）
✧自发性气胸
小结与思考
1、支气管哮喘的病因有哪些？
2、支气管哮喘的病理学特点？。
常见疾病的英文名称
篇一：常见疾病英文名妇产科department of gynaecology and obstetrics（OG）产后出血 postpartum hemorrhage产褥感染 puerperal infection功能性子宫出血 functional uterine bleeding（FUB）宫颈癌 uterine cervix cancer（CACX）流产 abortion卵巢肿瘤 oophoroma慢性宫颈炎 chronic cervicitis慢性盆腔炎 chronic pelvic inflammatory disease母儿血型不合溶血病 Hemolytic disease of newborn（新生儿溶血）妊娠高血压综合症 gestational hypertension syndrome 妊娠剧吐 hyperemesis gravidarum 妊娠滋养细胞疾病 gestational trophoblastic disease（GTD）胎膜早破premature rupture of membranes外阴癌 carcinoma vulvae外阴阴道炎 vulvovaginitis羊水栓塞 amnionic fluid embolism（AFE）异位妊娠（宫外孕） ectopic pregnancy子宫肌瘤 hysteromyoma子宫破裂 metrorrhexis子宫体癌 corpus cancer呼吸系统respiratory system肺结核 pulmonary tuberculosis（TB）肺脓肿 lung abscess肺炎球菌肺炎 pneumococcal pneumonia肺炎支原体肺炎 mycoplasmal pneumonia急性呼吸衰竭 acute respiratory failure急性气管－支气管肺炎 acute trachea-bronchi pneumonia 急性上呼吸道感染acute throat infection慢性肺源性心脏病 Chronic cor pulmonale慢性呼吸衰竭 chronic respiratory failure慢性支气管炎 chronic bronchitis葡萄球菌肺炎 staphylococcal pneumonia气胸 pneumothorax胸腔积液 pleural effusion原发性支气管肺癌 primary bronchiogenic carcinoma支气管扩张症 bronchiectasis支气管哮喘 bronchial asthma阻塞性肺气肿 obstructive emphysema内分泌系统endocrine system甲状腺功能减退症 hypothyroidism甲状腺结节 thyroid nodule甲状腺腺瘤 thyroid adenoma甲状腺炎 thyroiditis糖尿病 diabetes mellitus痛风 gout垂体瘤 pituitary tumor单纯性甲状腺肿 simple goiter高脂血症 hyperlipemia甲状旁腺功能减退 hypoparathyroidism甲状腺癌 thyroid carcinoma消化系统digestive system胃癌 gastric cancer肠结核 intestinal tuberculosis非感染性腹泻病 noninfectious diarrhea肝硬化 cirrhosis of liver感染性腹泻 infectious diarrhea急性肝炎 acute hepatitis急性胃炎 acute gastritis急性胰腺炎 acute pancreatitis结核性腹膜炎 tuberculous peritonitis克隆病 Crohn's disease溃疡性结肠炎 ulcerative colitis慢活肝（慢性活动性肝炎） chronic active hepatitis 慢性胃炎 chronic gastritis 慢性胰腺炎 chronic pancreatitis胃肠神经官能症 gastrointestinal neurosis小儿鹅口疮 pedo-thrush小儿疱疹性口炎 pedo-herpetic stomatitis小儿先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄pedo-congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis原发性肝癌 primary hepatic carcinoma心血管系统cardiovascular system闭塞性动脉粥样硬化 occlusive atherosclerosis单纯性下肢静脉曲张 simple varicose veins of lower extremity 动静脉瘘arteriovenous fistula动脉栓塞 arterial embolism多发性大动脉炎 polyarteritis二尖瓣环钙化 mitral annular calcification二尖瓣脱垂综合症 mitral valve prolapse syndrome风湿性心脏病 rheumatic heart disease腹主动脉瘤 abdominal aortic aneurysm周围动脉瘤 peripheral aneurysm感染性心内膜炎 infective endocarditis 高血压病 hypertensive disease（HBP）冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病coronary atherosclerotic heart disease（CAHD）急性心力衰竭 acute heart failure慢性心力衰竭 chronic cardiac failure 急性心包炎 acute pericarditis雷诺综合症 Raynaud syndrome梅毒性心血管病 syphil乳头肌功能不全 dysfunction of papillary muscle 深静脉血栓 deep vein thrombus先天性心脏病 congenital heart disease 心肌病 cardiomyopathy心肌炎 myocarditis心律失常 arrhythmia心血管神经官能症 cardiovascular neurosis 心脏粘液瘤 myxoma of heart血栓性静脉炎 thrombophlebitis血液系统hematological system篇二：常见疾病英文名称补充课外词汇常见疾病名称Internal Medicine 内科Acidosis 酸中毒Adams-Stokes syndrome 亚－斯氏综合症alcoholism, alcoholic intoxication 酒精中毒alkalosis 碱中毒anaphylaxis 过敏症anemia 贫血iron deficiency anemia 缺铁性贫血megaloblastic anemia 巨幼红细胞性贫血aplastic anemia 再生障碍性贫血angiitis 脉管炎angina pectoris 心绞痛arteriosclerosis 动脉硬化apoplexy 中风auricular fibrillation 心房纤颤auriculo-ventricular block 房室传导阻滞bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘bronchitis 支气管炎bronchiectasis 支气管扩张broncho eumonia 支气管肺炎carcinoma 癌cardiac arrhythmia 心律紊乱cardiac failure 心力衰竭cardiomyopathy 心肌病cirrhosis 肝硬化coronary arteriosclerotic heart disease 冠状动脉硬化性心脏病Crohn disease 克罗恩病Cushing's syndrome 库欣综合症diabetes 糖尿病diffuse intravascular coagulation 弥散性血管凝血dysentery 痢疾enteritis 肠炎gastric ulcer 胃溃疡gastritis 胃炎gout 痛风hepatitis 肝炎Hodgkin's disease 霍奇金病hyperlipemia 高脂血症，血脂过多hyperparathyroidism 甲状旁腺功能亢进hyper lenism 脾功能亢进hyperte ion 高血压hyperthyroidism 甲状腺功能亢进hypoglycemia 低血糖hypothyroidism 甲状腺功能减退infective endocarditis 感染性心内膜炎influenza 流感leukemia 白血病lobar eumonia 大叶性肺炎lymphadenitis 淋巴结炎lymphoma 淋巴瘤malaria 疟疾malnutrition 营养不良measles 麻疹myeloma 骨髓瘤myocardial infarction 心肌梗死myocarditis 心肌炎nephritis 肾炎nephritic syndrome 肾综合症o tructive pulmonary emphysema 阻塞性肺气肿pancreatitis 胰腺炎peptic ulcer 消化性溃疡peritonitis 腹膜炎pleuritis 胸膜炎eumonia 肺炎purpura 紫癜allergic purpura 过敏性紫癜thrombocytolytic purpura 血小板减少性紫癜pyelonephritis 肾盂肾炎renal failure 肾功能衰竭rheumatic fever 风湿病rheumatoid arthritis 类风湿性关节炎scarlet fever 猩红热septicemia 败血症syphilis 梅毒tachycardia 心动过速tumour 肿瘤typhoid 伤寒ulcerative colitis 溃疡性结肠炎u er gastrointestinal hemorrhage 上消化道血Neurology 神经科brain a ce 脑脓肿cerebral embolism 脑栓塞cerebral infarction 脑梗死cerebral thrombosis 脑血栓cerebral hemorrhage 脑出血concu ion of brain 脑震荡craniocerebral injury 颅脑损伤epile y 癫痫intracranial tumour 颅内肿瘤intracranial hematoma 颅内血肿meningitis 脑膜炎migraine 偏头痛neurasthenia 神经衰弱neurosis 神经官能症paranoid ychosis 偏执性精神病Parki on's disease 帕金森综合症ychosis 精神病schizophrenia 精神分裂症Surgery 外科abdominal external hernia 腹外疝acute diffuse peritonitis 急性弥漫性腹膜炎acute mastitis 急性乳腺炎acute pancreatitis 急性胰腺炎\acute perforation of gastro-duodenal ulcer急性胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔acute pyelonephritis 急性肾盂肾炎anal fi ure 肛裂anal fistula 肛瘘anesthesia 麻醉angioma 血管瘤a endicitis 阑尾炎bleeding of gastro-duodenal ulcer 胃十二指肠溃疡出血bone tumour 骨肿瘤breast adenoma 乳房腺瘤burn 烧伤cancer of breast 乳腺癌carbuncle 痈carcinoma of colon 结肠炎carcinoma of esophagus 食管癌carcinoma of gallbladder 胆囊癌carcinoma of rectum 直肠癌carcinoma of stomach 胃癌cholecystitis 胆囊炎cervical ondylosis 颈椎病choledochitis 胆管炎cholelithiasis 胆石症chondroma 软骨瘤dislocation of joint 关节脱位erysipelas 丹毒fracture 骨折furuncle 疖hemorrhoid 痔hypertrophy of prostate 前列腺肥大intestinal o truction 肠梗阻intestinal tuberculosis 肠结核lipoma 脂肪瘤lithangiuria 尿路结石liver a ce 肝脓肿melanoma 黑色素瘤o eous tuberculosis 骨结核osteoclastoma 骨巨细胞瘤osteoporosis 骨质疏松症osteosarcoma 骨质疏松症osteosarcoma 骨肉瘤Paget's disease 佩吉特病perianorecrtal a ce 肛管直肠周围脓肿phlegmon 蜂窝织炎portal hyperte ion 门静脉高压prostatitis 前列腺炎protrusion of intervertebral disc 椎间盘突出purulent arthritis 化脓性关节炎pyogenic ostcomyclitis 化脓性骨髓炎pyothorax 脓胸rectal polyp 直肠息肉rheumatoid arthritis 类风湿性关节炎rupture of leen 脾破裂scapulohumeral periarthritis 肩周炎tenosynovitis 腱鞘炎tetanus 破伤风thromboangiitis 血栓性脉管炎thyroid adenocarcinoma 甲状腺腺癌thyroid adenoma 甲状腺腺瘤trauma 创伤urinary infection 泌尿系感染varicose vein of lower limb 下肢静脉曲张Paediatrics 儿科acute military tuberculosis of the lung 急性粟粒性肺结核acute necrotic enteritis 急性坏死性结肠炎anaphylactic purpura 过敏性紫癜ancylostomiasis 钩虫病ascariasis 蛔虫病a hyxia of the newborn 新生儿窒息atrial septal defect 房间隔缺损birth injury 产伤cephalhematoma 头颅血肿cerebral palsy 脑性瘫痪congenital torticollis 先天性斜颈convulsion 惊厥Down's syndrome 唐氏综合症glomerulonephritis 肾小球肾炎hemophilia 血友病infantile diarrhea 婴儿腹泻intracranial hemorrhage of the newborn 新生儿颅内出血intu usception 肠套叠necrotic enterocolitis of newborn 新生儿坏死性小肠结膜炎 neonatal jaundice 新生儿黄疸nutritional iron deficiency anemia 营养性缺铁性贫血nutritional megaloblastic anemia 营养性巨幼细胞性贫血 patent ductus arteriosis 动脉导管未闭poliomyelitis 骨髓灰质炎premature infant 早产儿primary tuberculosis 原发性肺结核progre ive muscular dystrophy 进行性肌肉营养不良pulmonary stenosis 肺动脉狭窄purulent meningitis 化脓性脑膜炎rickets 佝偻病se is of the newborn 新生儿败血症tetanus of the newborn 新生儿破伤风tetralogy of Fallot 法洛四联症thrush 鹅口疮，真菌性口炎varicella 水痘ventricular septal defect 室间隔缺损viral encephalitis 病毒性脑炎viral myocarditis 病毒性心肌炎Gynecology and Otetrics 妇，产科abortion 流产adenomyosis 子宫内膜异位症amniotic fluid embolism 羊水栓塞Bartholin's cyst 巴氏腺囊肿carcinoma of cervix 子宫颈癌carcinoma of endometrium 子宫内膜癌carcinoma of ovary 卵巢癌cervicitis 宫颈炎chorio-epithelioma 绒毛膜上皮癌corpora luteum cyst 黄体囊肿dystocia 难产eclam ia 子痫edema-proteinuria-hyperte ion syndrome水肿蛋白尿高血压综合征（妊娠高血压综合征）endometriosis 子宫内膜异位extrauterine pregnancy 子宫外孕hydatidiform mole 葡萄胎hyperemesis gravidarum 妊娠剧吐infertility 不育症irregular me truation 月经失调lochia 恶露monilial vaginitis 念珠菌性阴道炎multiple pregnancy 多胎妊娠myoma of uterus 子宫肿瘤oligohydramnios 羊水过少ovarian tumour 卵巢肿瘤pelvic inflammatory disease 盆腔炎placenta previa 前置胎盘placental abruption 胎盘早期剥离pregnancy-hyperte ion syndrome 妊娠高血压综合症premature birth 早产premature rupture of membrane 胎膜早破postpartum hemorrhage 产后出血puerperal infection 产褥感染rupture of uterus 子宫破裂trichomonas vaginitis 滴虫性阴道炎uteroplacental apoplexy 子宫胎盘卒中vulvitis 外阴炎Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology 五官科amblyopia 弱视amygdalitis, to illitis 扁桃体炎astigmatism 散光carcinoma of nasopharynx鼻咽癌carcinoma of larynx 喉癌cataract 白内障ti itus 耳鸣chalazion 霰粒肿，脸板腺囊肿colour blindne 色盲deflection of nasal septum 鼻中隔偏曲deafne 聋furuncle of nasalvestibule 鼻前庭疖glaucoma 青光眼heterotropia 斜视hyperopia 远视injury of cornea 角膜损伤ceruminal impaction 耵聍嵌塞iritis 虹膜炎keratitis 角膜炎labyrinthitis 迷路炎，内耳炎laryngitis 喉炎mastoiditis 乳突炎myopia 近视nasal sinusitis 鼻窦炎otitis media 中耳炎o truction of larynx 喉梗阻perito illar a ce 扁桃体中脓肿pharyngitis 咽炎rhinitis 鼻炎Dermatoloty 皮科acne 痤疮carcinoma of skin 皮肤癌bed sore 褥疮decubitus ulcer 褥疮性溃疡drug eruption 药皮疹eczema 湿疹herpes simplex 单纯疱疹herpes zoster 带状疱疹lupus erythematosis 红斑狼疮oriasis 牛皮癣urticaria 荨麻疹wart 疣篇三：常见病名的中英文对照A ------------- abscess of kidney 肾脓肿 acoustic 听神经瘤 acute pancreatitis 急性胰腺炎 analog 模拟 analog/digital converter 模拟/数字转化器 angiography of spinal cord 脊髓血管造影angioma血管瘤angiomyolipoma血管平滑肌脂肪瘤anterior cerebral artery,ACA大脑前动脉 anterior communicating artery,AcoA前交通动脉arachnoidcyst蛛网膜囊肿arterior-venous malformation,AVM动静脉畸形artifact 伪影 astrocytoma 星形细胞瘤 atelectasis 肺不张 attenuation 衰减attenuation coefficient 衰减系数 axial scan 轴位扫描B ---------- basilar artery,BA 基底动脉 Beam hardening artifact 射线硬化伪影biopsy gun 活检枪 biopsy needle 活检针 biphasic contrast enhancement 双期增强扫描 bone mineral density,BMD骨密度 brain abscess 脑脓肿 brain hemorrhage 脑出血 brain trauma 脑外伤bronchiectsis支气管扩张 bronchogenic carcinoma 支气管肺癌C ---------- calcification of the pleura 胸膜钙化 calculus of kidney 肾结石carcinoma of bladder 膀胱癌 carcinoma of the cervix 宫颈癌 carcinoma of kidney 肾癌 carcinoma of prostate 前列腺癌 carcinoma of ovary 卵巢癌 cavity 空洞central bronchogenic carcinoma 中央型肺癌 cerebral atrophy 脑萎缩 cerebral contusion 脑搓伤 cerebral infarction 脑梗塞 cerebral ischemia 脑缺血 cerebral cycticercosis脑囊虫病cholesteatoma胆脂瘤cholangiocarcinoma胆管癌cholecystitis胆囊炎 chronic pancreatitis 慢性胰腺炎 circle of willis脑底动脉环cirrhosis 肝硬化 collimator 准直器 console 控制台 contrast medium 对比剂contrast enhancement 对比增强 contrast media bolus 造影剂团注 contusion of kidney 肾挫伤 contusion of spinal cord 脊髓挫伤 coronal scan 冠状面扫描craniopharyngioma颅咽管瘤 CT angiography，CTA CT血管造影术 CT arterial portography,CTAP CT动脉性门脉造影 CT fluoroscopy CT透视 CT guided needle biopsy CT导向穿刺活检 CT guided fine needle aspiration biopsy CT导向细针抽吸活组织检查 CT guided stereotaxis CT导向立体定位 CT intervention CT介入CT muelography,CTM CT脊髓造影 CT value CT值 Cyst of Kinney 肾囊肿D ---------- delayed scan 延迟扫描 density resolution 密度分辨率 digital martrix数字矩阵 dynamic scanning 动态扫描E ---------- enhancement scan 增强扫描ependymoma室管膜瘤 epidural hematoma 硬膜外血肿F ---------- fatty liver 脂肪肝 field of view,FOV视野FWHM 有效层厚\rG ---------- gallbladder carcinoma 胆囊癌 gallstone 胆石症golima胶质瘤Graves’ d isease 格氏眼病H ---------- hepatic cyst 肝囊肿 hepatocellular 肝细胞癌 high KV radiography 高千伏摄影 high resolution CT,HRCT 高分辨率CT high spatial-freqyency algorithm 高空间频率计算法重建hypaque泛影钠I ---------- image post-processing 图象后处理 image reconstruction 图象重建informatics in radiology,infoRAD信息放射学 interventional radiology 介入放射学iodipamide/biligrafin/cholografin胆影葡胺iohexol碘苯六醇（欧乃派克）iopromide碘普罗胺isovist伊索显L ---------- laser printer 激光打印机\r M ---------- matrix 矩阵 maximum intensity projection,MIP最大强度投影medulloblastoma髓母细胞瘤 meningioma 黑色素瘤 motion artifact 运动伪影multiformat camera 多幅相机multiplanarreformation,MPR多平面重建 multiple sclerosis 多发性肝硬化N ---------- neurofibroma神经纤维瘤 noise 噪声O ---------- orbitomeatal line 听眶线 overlap scan 重叠扫描P ---------- partial volume effect 部分容积效应 peripheral space phenomenon 周围间隙现象 picture achieve and communication system,PACS图象存储和传输系统 pitch 螺距 pixel 像素 plain scan 平扫 pleural effusion 胸腔积液 posterior cerebral artery,PCA大脑后动脉 preventive maintenace日常维护程序 protrusion of intervertebral disk 椎间盘突出 Q ---------- quantitative computed tomography,QCT定量CTR ---------- region of interest 兴趣区\r retinoblastoma 视网膜母细胞瘤S ---------- scout view 定位扫描 slice increment 间距 slice thickness 层厚spatial resolution 空间分辨率 spinal srenosis椎管狭窄 spiral CT/helical CT 螺旋CT subdural hematoma 硬膜下血肿T ---------- teleradiology远程放射学 temporal resolution 时间分辨率 thin slice scan 薄层扫描 three dimension computed tomography,3 DCT 三维CT three-dimensional surface reconstrction,SSD三维表面重建 threshold 阈值 tomography 体层摄影 tuberculosis 肺结核U ---------- ultrafast CT,UFCT 超高速CT ultravist优维显urografin泛影葡胺V ---------- vertebral artery,VA椎动脉\r virtual endoscopy,VE仿真内镜volume acquisition 容积采集 volume scan 容积扫描 voxel matrix 像素矩阵W ---------- window level 窗位 window width 窗宽 work station 工作站X ---------- Xeroradiography 干板照相 X-ray tube X线球管Xenon,Xe氙气《常见疾病的英文名称》。
哮喘专业英文缩写词语
哮喘专业英文缩写词语
Asthma: 哮喘的英文原词。
GINA: 全球哮喘倡议组织（Global Initiative for Asthma）。
COPD: 慢性阻塞性肺疾病（Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease），有时用于描述与哮喘相关的症状。
LABA: 长效β2受体激动剂（Long-Acting Beta Agonist），用于哮喘的治疗。
ICS: 吸入型皮质类固醇（Inhaled Corticosteroids），用于哮喘的治疗。
ACQ: 哮喘控制问卷（Asthma Control Questionnaire），用于评估哮喘患者的病情控制情况。
FEV1: 第一秒用力呼气量（Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second），用于评估肺功能，也用于监测哮喘的控制情况。
FVC: 用力肺活量（Forced Vital Capacity），也是一种肺功能测试参数，与哮喘相关的评估中常用。
哮喘
支气管哮喘（bronchial asthma）是由于过敏反应或其他因素引起支气管弥漫性痉挛，出现发作性伴有哮鸣音的呼气性呼吸困难等典型症状的一种慢性疾病，也可视为慢性阻塞性支气管炎的一种特殊类型。
【病因和发病机制】本病的病因较复杂，发病机制还未完全明了。
目前一般认为，本病是在支气管反应性增高的基础上由于变应原或其他因素激发介质释放，引起支气管平滑肌痉挛性收缩所致。
至于支气管反应性增高，则可能是与遗传有关的支气管β-肾上腺素受体封闭或敏感性降低所致。
β-肾上腺素受体（腺苷环化酶）受刺激时，腺苷环化酶被激活，使细胞内ATP形成CAMP，从而抑制介质的形成和释放，使支气管舒张。
当β-肾上腺素受体封闭或敏感性丧失时，支气管受刺激后易发生支气管痉挛。
关于发病机制，目前公认的是本病属Ⅰ型变态反应。
激发Ⅰ型变态反应性哮喘的变应原较多，如花粉、屋尘、尘螨、动物皮屑、霉菌、某些食品、药物、某些工业粉尘及气体等。
当抗原进入机体后，诱发B细胞产生较多的IgE，并结合到靶细胞（气道粘膜内的肥大细胞）上，当再次接触同种抗原时，抗原与IgE发生桥联反应，催化肥大细胞膜上的花生四稀酸代谢过程，通过环氧化酶途径生成前列腺素和血栓素A2(TxA2)；通过脂质氧化酶途径生成白细胞三稀（LTs），肥大细胞脱颗粒后还能释放组胺、5-羟色胺及嗜酸性粒细胞趋化肽等介质，引起弥漫性支气管平滑肌痉挛，粘液分泌增多以及管壁上嗜酸性粒细胞浸润。
其他因素，如呼吸道感染、寒冷空气、刺激性气体和精神因素等亦可诱发哮喘发作。
【病理变化】肉眼观，肺过度膨胀，柔软疏松而有弹性，支气管管腔内含有粘稠痰液和粘液栓，偶尔可有支气管扩张。
镜下，可见粘膜上皮层中杯状细胞增多，粘液腺增生，粘膜的基底膜增厚并发生玻璃样变，管壁平滑肌肥大，粘膜下及肥厚的肌层内有嗜酸性粒细胞及单核细胞浸润。
管腔内有粘液栓填塞。
粘液栓中往往可见尖棱状Charcot-eyden结晶（嗜酸性粒细胞膜蛋白成分）及Curschmann螺旋，此乃崩解的细胞和粘液成分一起构成的螺旋状粘丝。
〖医学〗支气管哮喘(简称哮喘) bronchial asthma
遗传
哮喘属多基因遗传 哮喘患者血缘亲属患病率高于群体患病率 哮喘患儿双亲多存在气道高反应性
环境
吸入物 食物 药物 气候变化、运动
发病机制
IgE的合成 变态反应的作用 神经机制
平滑肌收缩
免
粘液分泌↑
疫
血管通透性↑ 炎C浸润
学 机 制
哮喘的本质--气道炎症+平滑肌痉挛
临床表现
症状
为发作性伴有哮鸣音的呼气性呼吸困难或发作性 胸闷和咳嗽。哮喘症状可在数分钟内发作，经数 小时至 叩诊：过清音 听诊：广泛的哮鸣音伴呼气音延长
临床表现
咳嗽变异型哮喘
病人以连续咳嗽为唯一症状并持续1个月以上，常于凌 晨发作，气道反应性增高，一般治疗无效而解痉剂和 糖皮质激素治疗有效。
诊断
诊断标准
1.反复发作喘息、气急、胸闷或咳嗽，多与接触变应原、冷 空气，物理、化学性刺激、病毒性上呼吸道感染、运动等 有关。
2.发作时在双肺可闻及散在或弥漫性、以呼气相为主的哮鸣 音，呼气相延长。
3.上述症状可经治疗缓解或自行缓解。 4.除外其他疾病所引起的喘息、气急、胸闷和咳嗽。 5.临床表现不典型者(如无明显喘息或体征)至少应有下列三
（三）预防类药物
色甘酸钠：职业性、阿斯匹林性、运动性哮喘。 酮替芬：过敏性哮喘。
治 疗—分级治疗
1.间歇至轻度：β2-受体激动剂（吸入或口服）、茶碱、 小剂量糖皮质激素、色甘酸钠
2.中度：吸入β2 -受体激动剂或缓释片、茶碱、安可 来、异丙托溴铵，定量吸入糖皮质激素
3.重度：规律吸入β2 -受体激动剂或茶碱+异丙托溴铵、 吸入糖皮质激素>6000цg∕d或口服强的松 维持量 ≤10цg 原则：个体化，联合应用，以最小量，副作用最少， 最佳控制症状哮喘的教育及管理
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哮喘相关英文词汇ASTHMA相关英文词汇小结1.National Asthma Education and Prevention Program (NAEPP)国家哮喘教育防治项目2.Susceptible individuals易感人群3. Recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing反复发作的喘息、气短、胸痛、咳嗽4. airflow obstruction气道阻塞5. reversible either spontaneously or with treatment可自愈或治疗后可逆6. bronchial hyperresponsiveness(BHR) 支气管高反应性7. a variable degree不同程度的8. hypersecretion分泌增高9. bronchospasm支气管痉挛10.Inhaled allergen吸入过敏原11. an early-phase allergic reaction早期过敏反应12.allergen specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies 抗原特异性IgE抗体13.rapid activation of airway mast cells and macrophages,气道肥大细胞巨噬细胞迅速激活14. proinflammatory mediators促炎因子15. histamine组胺17. eicosanoids类花生酸类物质18.contraction of airway smooth muscle 气道平滑肌收缩19.mucus secretion粘液分泌20. vasodilation血管舒张21.exudation of plasma血浆渗出22. a diabetogenic lifestyle (excessive calories, inadequate exercise, and obesity) 易导致糖尿病的生活方式（能量过度摄入、锻炼不足、肥胖）23.engorged充满的24. edematous airway wall气道壁水肿25. airway lumen气道腔26. reduced mucus clearance粘液清除减少27. late-phase inflammatory reaction迟发炎症反应28. allergen provocation过敏原激发29.recruitment and activation of eosinophils,T lymphocytes, basophils, neutrophils, and macrophages嗜酸性粒细胞，T淋巴细胞，碱性粒细胞，中性粒细胞，巨噬细胞招募和激活30. inflammatory mediators (leukotrienes and granule proteins)炎性因子（白三烯和颗粒蛋白）31.type 2 T-helper cellsTH2淋巴细胞32. interleukin [IL]-4, IL-5,and IL-13白介素-4,-5，-1333. type 1 T-helper (TH 1 ) cellsTH1淋巴细胞34. IL-2 and interferon-γ白介素-2和干扰素γ35. Mast cell degranulation肥大细胞脱颗粒36. chemotactic factors趋化因子37.leukotrienes C4 , D4 , and E4白三烯C4，D4,E438. prostaglandins前列腺素39. platelet-activating factor (PAF)血小板激活因子40.Alveolar macrophages肺泡巨噬细胞41. furthers the inflammatory process加剧炎性过程42.5-lipoxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism花生四烯酸代谢的5-脂氧酶途径43.peptidases多肽酶44.matrix proteins基质蛋白45.cytokines细胞因子46.nitric oxideNO46.Epithelial shedding表皮脱落47.heightened airway responsiveness气道高反应性48. altered permeability of the airway mucosa气道粘膜通透性改变49. depletion of epithelial-derived relaxant factors表皮来源舒张因子的减少50. sloughing of epithelial cells intothe airway lumen表皮细胞脱落至气道腔内51.impair mucociliary transport影响纤毛运输52. bronchial glands支气管腺53. goblet cells悲壮细胞54. Expectorated mucus咳出的粘液55. have high viscosity.粘度高56. innervated by由神经支配57. parasympathetic副交感神经58. sympathetic交感神经59. nonadrenergic inhibitory nerves 非肾上腺素能抑制神经60.noninnervated β2 -adrenergic receptors that produce bronchodilation 非神经支配的β2肾上腺素受体可产生支气管收缩的作用61. trachea气管62. episodic dyspnea间断憋气63.chest tightness胸闷64.wheezing喘息65. a whistling sound哨鸣音66. expiratory wheezing on auscultation 听诊有呼气喘息音67. a dry, hacking cough干咳68. atopy变态反应69.allergic rhinitis哮喘70.eczema湿疹71.chronic daily symptoms症状日常反复发作72.intermittent symptoms症状间断发生73. nighttime awakenings夜间醒来74. interference with normal activity影响日常活动75. short-acting inhaled β2-agonists短效吸入β2受体激动剂76. confirmatory spirometry可明确诊断的肺功能检查结果77. reversibility after inhaled β 2 -agonist administration在吸入β2受体激动剂后可逆转78. necessarily rule out asthma可排除哮喘79. methacholine乙酰甲胆碱80.Pulse oximetry脉氧测定81.decreased arterial oxygen and O2 saturations动脉氧及氧分压下降82. Arterial blood gases动脉血气83. metabolic acidosis代谢性酸中毒84.low partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) 动脉氧分压降低85.asthma exacerbations哮喘加重86. hospitalizations 住院治疗87.intubations插管治疗88. complicating illnesses并发症89. cardiac disease心脏疾病90.hydration status水化状态91.accessory muscles of respiration 辅助呼吸肌92. presence of cyanosis发绀93. pneumonia肺炎94. pneumothorax气胸95. pneumomediastinum纵隔积气;96. purulent sputum脓痰97. quick relief of symptoms症状快速缓解98. Reducing impairment减少损伤99. exercise-induced bronchospasm [EIB])运动诱发的支气管痉挛100. activates adenyl cyclase激活腺苷酸环化酶101. (near-) normal pulmonary function 几乎正常的肺功能102. attendance at work or school正常工作或上学103. Reducing risk降低风险104. recurrent exacerbations反复加重105. loss of lung function肺功能降低106.reduced lung growth肺组织生长发育不全107.correction of significant hypoxemia 纠正明显的低氧血症108. rapid reversal of airway obstruction (within minutes)在数分钟内快速逆转气道阻塞109. stepwise approach for managing chronic asthma逐步控制慢性哮喘110. home treatment在家治疗111.self-management skills个人疾病管理技巧112.adherence to medication regimens 治疗方案依从性113. Objective measurements of airflow obstruction 气流阻塞的客观指标114. peak flow meter峰流速仪115.allergenic triggers过敏激发源116.supplemental oxygen therapy氧疗117. arterial oxygen saturation >90% 动脉血氧饱和度>90%118. >95% in pregnant women and patients with heart disease孕妇及心脏疾病患者，血氧应>95%119. urine specific gravity尿比重120.intracellular细胞内121.cyclic adenosine monophosphate cAMP122.smooth muscle relaxation平滑肌舒张123. mast cell membrane stabilization 肥大细胞膜稳定124. skeletal muscle stimulation骨骼肌刺激125. Aerosol administration喷雾吸入126. bronchoselectivity支气管选择性127. Albuterol沙丁胺醇128. Regular treatment (four times daily) 常规治疗（qid）129. as-needed usePRN130. Formoterol福莫特罗131. salmeterol沙美特罗132.adjunctive辅助的133. advancing to进展至134. ineffective for对***无效135. continuous nebulization of持续雾化吸入136.unsatisfactory response疗效不满意137.aerosolized β2-agonists雾化的β2受体激活剂138.nocturnal asthma夜间哮喘发作136. an indicator of inadequateanti-inflammatory treatment.预示着抗炎治疗不足137.Corticosteroids 糖皮质激素138.increase the number of β 2-adrenergic receptors增加β2受体数量139. improve receptor responsiveness to β 2 -adrenergic stimulation增加β2受体对激活剂的反应性140.reduce mucus production/ hypersecretion减少粘液生成或分泌增加141.reduce BHR（bronchial hyperresponsiveness）降低支气管高反应性142. reduce airway edema and exudation 降低气道水肿与渗出143.check adherence考察患者的依从性144. Intermittent asthma 哮喘间断发作145. Persistent asthma哮喘持续发作146.Intensity of treatment depends on severity of symptoms根据症状的严重程度决定治疗方案强度147. Stepwise approach(Step up,Step down)阶梯治疗（上调、下调）148. Isoproterenol异丙肾上腺素149. Pirbuterol吡布特罗150.Terbutaline特布他林parative doses等效剂量152. once-daily dosing indications每日一次给药的适应症153.tapered down逐渐下调剂量154.maximum improvement症状的最大改善155. dose-dependent剂量依赖的156.oropharyngeal candidiasis口腔念珠菌病157.dysphonia失声、发音苦难158. spacer device储雾罐159.enhance lung delivery提高肺部药物分布160. Prednisone泼尼松161. short burst短期冲击疗法162. maintain the patient on appropriate long-term control therapy with inhaled corticosteroids给予患者长期吸入糖皮质激素以控制症状163. alternate-day therapy隔日给药方案164. Levalbuterol左旋沙丁胺醇165. beclomethasone dipropionate二丙酸倍氯米松166. Budesonide布地奈德167. Ciclesonide环索米松168. Methylxanthines甲基黄嘌呤169. Theophylline茶碱170. bronchodilation支气管扩张171. nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibition非选择性磷酸二酯酶抑制172. are ineffective by aerosol吸入无效173.ethylenediamin乙二胺174. aminophylline氨茶碱175. susceptible to induction and inhibition由诱导和抑制影响176. large interpatient variability个体差异巨大177. steady-state range稳态浓度范围178.monitoring schedules监测方案179. tachycardia心动过速180.jitteriness神经过敏181.cardiac tachyarrhythmias快速心律失常182. seizures癫痫发作183. duration of action 作用持续时间184. leukotriene antagonists白三烯抑制剂185. Ipratropium bromide异丙托溴铵186. tiotropium bromide噻托溴铵187.muscarinic receptorsM胆碱受体188.cholinergic-mediated bronchoconstriction胆碱能街道的支气管收缩189. Mast Cell Stabilizers肥大细胞稳定剂190. Cromolyn sodium色甘酸钠191. available as a metered-doseinhaler and nebulizer solution有MDI和供雾化吸入两种剂型192. prophylaxis预防性治疗193. regardless of etiology无论病因194. achieve maximum benefit取得最大获益195. Leukotriene Modifiers白三烯调节剂196. Zafirlukast扎鲁司特(Accolate®)197. montelukast孟鲁斯特(Singulair®)198. reduce the proinflammatory effect减轻促炎效应200. leukotriene D4白三烯D4201. taken on a regular basis常规使用202. symptom-free periods 无症状期203. without regard to food与食物无关204. chewable tablet 咀嚼片205. idiosyncratic syndrome特发症状206. Churg–Strauss syndromeChurg–Strauss综合征207. eosinophilic vasculitis嗜酸性粒细胞血管炎208. Zileuton齐留通(Zyflo®)209. Combination Controller Therapy混合制剂疗法210. budesonide and formoterol (Symbicort®)布地奈德联合福莫特罗（信必可都保®）AZ211.fluticasone propionate and salmeterol氟替卡松联合沙美特罗（Advair®)葛兰素212. varied doses of the inhaled corticosteroid with a fixed dose of the long-acting β2 agonist 固定剂量的长效β2受体激动剂联合不同剂量的吸入激素213. The addition of a long-acting β2 agonist allows a 50% reduction in inhaled corticosteroid dosage. 加入长效β2受体激动剂可降低吸入激素剂量至50%214. Omalizumab (Xolair®)奥马珠单抗（索雷尔®）Roche215. anti-IgE antibody 抗IGE抗体216. baseline total serum IgE基线血清总IgE217. a 0.2% incidence of anaphylaxis过敏性反应（严重）发生率0.2%218. occurred up to 24 hours after injection 可以在注射后24小时后发生219. interference with normal activities影响正常生活220. Validated questionnaires公认的问卷221. Asthma Therapy Assessment Questionnaire,哮喘治疗评价问卷222. Asthma Control Questionnaire哮喘控制问卷223. Asthma Control Test哮喘控制检测224. exercise tolerance 运动耐量225. inhalation technique吸入装置226. a similar time frame相似的时间范围227. morning peak flows晨起峰流速228. lung auscultation 肺部听诊229. supraclavicular retractions锁骨上回缩。