否定句的翻译 (1)

Negation否定句

1.full negation

2.partial negation

3.double negation

4.negation in questions

5.negation in object clauses

6.negation without negative forms

1.Full negation

若要表示全部否定，则应用相应的表示全部否定的否定词。all →none （一个人也没有、没有任何东西）

both →neither （两个都不）

everyone →no one (nobody)

everything →nothing 等

every →no

never →nowhere

I know none of them.

他们我都不认识。

I like neither of the books.

这两本书我都不喜欢。

No student goes to the farm on Sundays.

星期天没有学生去农场。

No one/ Nobody in our class likes football.

我们班没有人喜欢足球。

Nothing in the world moves faster than light.

世界上没有任何东西比光传得更快。

There is no sound evidence to prove this.

没有可靠的证据可以证明这一点。

2.Partial negation

◆all 的否定式：not all…（或：all…not）

表示\“并非都……\”、\“不是所有的都……\“

Not all men can be masters. (= All men cannot be masters.) 并非人人都能当头头。

Not all bamboo grows tall.

并非所有的竹子都会长很高。

◆both 的否定式：not…both (或：both…not) \"并非两个……都……\"

I don\'t want both the books.

我不是两本书都要。

Both (the) windows are not open.

两扇窗子并不都开着。

◆every…的否定式：\"不是每……都……\"

Not every book is educative. (或：Every book is not educative.)

不是每本书都有教育意义的。

Not everyone likes this book.

并非人人都喜欢这本书。

This flower is not seen everywhere.

这花并不是随处可见的。

◆always的否定式：\“并非总是（并非一直）……\”

He is not always so sad.

他并不是一直都这样悲伤。

◆entirely, altogether, completely 和quite 的否定式：“不完全……”，“并非完全……”

The businessman is never to be entirely trusted.

不可以完全信任商人。

He felt not altogether satisfied.

他并不完全满意。

I don‘t agree completely.

我并不完全同意。

What he did was not quite proper.

他做的不十分妥当。

◆all the time 的否定式：“并非一直……”、“未必老是……”

A foolish man does not make a mistake all the time.

笨人未必老是犯错误。

◆not…and…的否定式，被否定的往往是and后面的那一部分。

He did not speak clearly and correctly.

他讲得清楚但不正确。

This film is not interesting and instructive.

这部电影有趣但无教育意义。

如果将and 换成or，not 对其后面的两部分就全盘否定了。

He did not speak clearly or correctly.

他讲的既不清楚也不正确。

Summary

如要对all, both, every, always, 以及entirely, altogether, completely, quite 和all the time 等词作完全否定，那就分别要用与之相对应的全否定词，如no, none, neither, no one, never, not (never)…at all 等。例如：

All of them can do it.--- None of them can do it.

Both are good.---Neither is good.

Everybody likes it. ---Nobody likes it.

He is always late. --- He is never late.

We don't trust them entirely. --- We never trust them at all.

He was here all the time. --- He was never here.

3.Double negation

no (not)…but…,nothing but, nobody…but,相当于merely或only,意为“只不过，不外乎”“都……, 没有……不……”。

There is not a single car here but is home-made.

这里的汽车都是国产的。

Nothing but socialism can save China.

只有社会主义能够救中国。

There is no man but has his faults.

人皆有过。

No one believes but she will succeed.

人们相信他会成功。

There is no one but knows him.

人人都认识他。

no (not)…without…没有…不

You cannot make egg rolls without breaking eggs.

不打破鸡蛋，就无法做出蛋卷来。有失才有得。

There is no smoke without fire.

无风不起浪。

no (not)…unless…除非…不

You cannot take the books away unless you get the special permission from the dean. 除非你有系主任的特批，否则你不能把书借走。

in the absence of, not (no) 没有…就没有

Under this assertion, development cannot take place in the absence of social stability. 这个意见认为，没有社会安定，发展就无法进行。

no (none)…the less…没有……而少

She did not work any the less for her illness.