使用液压随钻震击器
QY型全液压随钻震击器使用说明
QY型全液压随钻震击器使用说明全液压随钻震击器是一种用于震击井口的设备，主要用于钻探工程中的钻杆解扣和管柱下降时的应急救援。
本文将详细介绍QY型全液压随钻震击器的使用说明。
一、操作前准备：1.检查设备：检查全液压随钻震击器是否完好无损，各零部件是否齐全，并对设备进行必要的润滑。
2.连接管道：将全液压随钻震击器与钻机井口连接的油管进行连接，确保连接牢固可靠，没有漏油。
二、使用操作步骤：1.全液压随钻震击器的操作步骤是根据钻机的工况来确定的，通常分为握杆拉桩和解扣两个阶段。
2.握杆拉桩：将全液压随钻震击器放置在井口，并通过钻杆高压油管连接到钻机主泵的高压油管上，将全液压随钻震击器的拉杆握紧在钻杆上。
3.解扣操作：当钻杆解扣时，需要紧急救援时，可使用全液压随钻震击器进行解扣。
此时，需要调整全液压随钻震击器的工作压力，使其达到最佳解扣效果。
打开全液压随钻震击器的主控制阀，通过控制手柄或按钮，使全液压随钻震击器开始工作。
震击器会根据设定的工作压力进行快速的震击，用于解扣管柱，此时注意安全操作，确保人员和设备安全。
4.解扣后的处理：在解扣完成后，需要关闭全液压随钻震击器的主控制阀，并将拉杆从钻杆上卸下。
将震击器放置在安全地方，并及时对设备进行清洁、维护，以确保下次使用时的良好状态。
三、注意事项：1.操作人员必须经过专业培训，并熟悉全液压随钻震击器的使用说明。
2.在操作过程中，严格按照操作步骤进行操作，确保人员和设备的安全。
3.定期对全液压随钻震击器进行维护和保养。
定期检查设备的润滑油、密封件等零部件的状况，及时更换损坏的零部件。
4.在操作过程中，如出现异常情况，应立即停止操作，并及时排查和处理故障。
5.严禁非专业人员擅自操作全液压随钻震击器。
对于未经过专业培训的人员，禁止进行操作，以免造成人员伤亡和设备损坏。
说明书-JYSZ机械液压震击器
1. 概述JYSZ 型机械液压一体式随钻震击器是集液压原理和机械原理于一体的新型随钻震击器，使用时随钻具组合下井。
在正常钻井过程中因某种原因发生井下遇阻或卡钻时，可以通过提拉或下放钻柱，及时启动震击器产生向上或向下的震击力，来处理井下遇阻或卡钻，使钻井作业得以顺利进行，同时避免遇阻或卡钻进一步演化成为事故，造成更大的经济损失。
JYSZ 型机械液压一体式震击器能在较恶劣的环境中使用，其机械锁紧机构不受扭矩影响，具有操作简单、震击力大、调节方便、连接强度高、性能稳定、安全可靠、便于维修等诸多优点。
在操作正确的情况下，该产品能有效避免意外震击，在钻进或起下钻时不需使用安全钳或采取相应安全措施；操作者可在钻井平台上动态调整震击器上击力的大小；全密封油浴润滑有利于减少磨损，从而提高使用寿命。
另外，该工具需安装在钻具组合平衡点附近部位，使工具处于受拉或受压状态，以使其满足陆地和海洋（包括欠平衡钻井）在内的各种工况下钻井作业的需要，是定向井、水平井钻进作业中优选推荐的震击工具。
2. 基本结构JYSZ 型机械液压随钻震击器为机械、液压一体式结构，上击机构为液缸、计量阀，位于震击器下部；下击机构为卡瓦、碟簧，位于震击器上部（如图1所示）。
JYSZ 型机械液压一体式随钻震击器规格系列及性能参数如表1所示。
表1 规格系列和性能参数图1 JYSZ 型机械液压一体式随钻震击器结构示意图3. 工作原理3.1. 上击下放钻柱使震击器完全回位（处于锁紧位置）。
按从小到大吨位上提钻柱，迫使碟簧储能、液缸延时。
当芯轴上行到解除锁紧状态，钻柱中储存的弹性势能转换成向上的动能，产生上击。
震击完成后，提供足够的压力使震击器返回锁紧位置。
重复上述过程，可使工具再次上击。
3.2. 下击下压震击器使震击器完全回位（处于锁紧位置）。
下放钻柱，使碟簧压缩储能，当震击器所受压力大于震击器预定下击解锁力时，芯轴从卡瓦上脱出，解除锁紧状态，震击器芯轴迅速下移，产生下击。
6-“史密斯全液压式”随钻震击器现场操作指导卡
史密斯全液压式随钻震击器现场操作指导卡（2013）1前期检查使用人员对随钻震击器的合格证、标识、外观、二端连接螺纹进行检查，全部合格后方可入井使用。
2钻柱中连接位置2.1随钻震击器在钻柱组合中的位置执行钻井设计的规定，推荐如下：钻头+扶正器+钻铤若干（外径不小于随钻震击器外径）+全液压随钻震击器（芯轴端向上）+钻铤2～3根+加重钻杆+钻杆。
2.2根据需要可考虑安放在钻柱中和点附近；防压差卡钻可安放在相对靠上的位置；防机械卡钻可安放在相对靠下的位置。
3操作中注意事项3.1 使用方在装卸车时严防碰撞工具两端的丝扣，严禁在运输过程中将绳索绑在芯轴镀光面上。
3.2 上下钻台，严防碰撞，按相应的钻铤上扣扭矩将随钻震击器上紧。
3.3下钻时，推荐先开泵循环，缓慢下放，防止下放遇阻或直通井底造成“人为下击”。
3.4随钻震击器正常钻进使用，应保持锁紧状态，不能承受过大的拉力或压力，防止误震击。
禁止：夹持芯轴镀光部分，造成震击器报废；拆卸外筒连接螺纹，造成漏油及损坏。
4随钻震击器现场保养及维护随钻震击器起出井口后，冲洗其外表面、芯轴镀光面、油堵部位的泥浆，检查本体、芯轴有无弯曲、胀大、超标磨损、坑槽，密封部位和密封件有无损坏失效，油堵、销堵是否松动泄漏等情况，两端配戴护丝。
5工作原理全液压式随钻震击器的工作机构：上泻流阀—上阀芯轴、下泻流阀—下阀芯轴。
上击工作过程：回位（锁紧状态）—上拉—延时—上击。
下击工作过程：回位—下压—延时—下击。
重复上述过程，可使随钻震击器循环工作。
6上下击操作6.1 随钻震击器回位6.1.1 向下回位，下放钻柱至指重表读数小于随钻震击器以上钻柱悬重3～5吨，使随钻震击器回位。
6.1.2 向上回位，提升钻柱至指重表读数大于随钻震击器上部钻柱重量3～5吨，使随钻震击器回位。
6.2上击作业6.2.1 校准指重表，使随钻震击器回位，操作参照6.1条。
6.2.2以一定的拉力上拉钻柱，震击器解锁，液压延时，一般经过30～90秒产生上击，延时时间长短与震击器受的拉力成反比。
震击器.减震器简介
震击器.减震器简介1. 概述在钻井作业中，由于地质构造复杂、技术措施不当以及泥浆、管柱、井眼等各种原因，常常发生钻具被卡（也就是卡钻）的事故。
卡钻对钻井作业影响很大，如果处理不当，不仅消耗时间长，损失钻井进尺，而且可能使事故恶化，甚至造成油气井报废。
震击器是解除卡钻事故的有效工具之一。
当钻具遇卡时，可以通过震击器给卡点处向上或向下以强烈的震击力，使卡点松动，从而达到迅速解卡的目的。
由于震击器大大提高了卡钻事故处理效率，因而在钻井和修井作业中震击器得到了广泛应用。
震击器分类与技术条件一、震击器分类：1．按震击器作用效果分类：（1）上击类。
对被卡钻具施以向上的震击力；（2）下击类。
对被卡钻具施以向下的震击力；（3）上、下震击器结合类。
对被卡钻具施以向上或向下的震击力2．按震击器作用原理分类：（1）机械式；（2）液压式（3）液压－机械式。
二、型号表示与技术规格1．型号表示法根据国外生产震击器、减震器产品的厂家很多，生产的两器产品规格品种比较齐全，技术水平也很高。
国外之所以生产厂商多、规格品种多、技术发展快，与他们对钻井安全的高度重视密切相关。
外径尺寸，mm 名称代号，液压上击器国内两器产品的技术性能和质量状况一直在低水平徘徊，难以满足钻井作业对质量好、可靠性高的井下工具产品的需求。
我国每年因为作业事故导致直接经济损失数亿圆，其中很大一部分可以减轻甚至避免。
在钻井速度和钻井效益越来越受到关注的今天，正确地认识两器产品对于钻井作业的重要意义，设计和制造高水平的两器产品，正确地选择和使用震击器和减震器，发挥它们应有的效能，将为钻井工业带来巨大的经济效益。
我国自70年代起开始引进和开发震击器和减震器产品，产品的设计、制造和使用不断有所发展。
但与钻井技术的发展相比，在技术水平、产品质量和维修服务上，长期以来一直存在着很大的差距。
2. 震击器产品的品种和型号2.1. 震击器产品的品种震击器产品一般按用途分为随钻震击器和打捞震击器，按工作原理分为机械式震击器和液压式震击器。
QY-A全液压随钻震击器使用说明书(中文)
9. 订货须知...................................................................................................................................................... 15
4-1. 下井前的准备 .................................................................................................................................... 3 4-2. 在钻柱组合中的位置.......................................................................................................................... 4 4-3. 钻柱摩擦力 ........................................................................................................................................ 4 4-4. 开泵力 ............................................................................................................................................... 4 4-5. 上击 ................................................................................................................................................... 5 4-6. 下击 ................................................................................................................................................... 6 4-7. 释放力调节方法................................................................................................................................. 6 5. 维修和保养 .................................................................................................................................................... 7 5-1. 准备 ................................................................................................................................................... 7 5-2. 拆卸步骤............................................................................................................................................ 8 5-3. 装配步骤............................................................................................................................................ 9 5-4. 限位块的修配 .................................................................................................................................. 11 6. 充油与试验 .................................................................................................................................................. 12 6-1. 充油 ................................................................................................................................................. 12 6-2. 释放力试验 ...................................................................................................................................... 13 6-3. 密封试验.......................................................................................................................................... 13 7. 常见问题及解决方法.................................................................................................................................... 14 8. 易损件及专用工具 ....................................................................................................................................... 15
JYQ机械液压式随钻震击器
JYQ型机械液压式随钻震击器1.结构及特点结构见图1JYQ型机械液压式随钻震击器是一种机械液压式随钻震击、解卡工具。
它集上、下震击作用于一体，可解除钻井作业过程中发生的井下遇阻、遇卡等钻井事故。
是打定向井、深井的首选震击工具。
2. 工作原理2.1 上击工作原理上提钻具，卡瓦组件受碟簧弹性力及卡瓦机构锁紧力作用，迫使卡瓦锁紧机构抱紧卡瓦心轴。
当卡瓦心轴随心轴一起上行克服卡瓦锁紧力以及液压阀总成与延长轴之间的阻尼作用，震击器将使钻柱储能、延时，当心轴上行到解除约束状态，钻柱中储存的弹性势能转换成向上的动能，产生上击。
如需连续上击，则应下放钻具直到锁紧机构重新锁紧，再重复上述过程，将产生连续上击。
2.2 下击工作原理下击机构锁紧器的松开负荷可根据顾客需要改变。
上锁紧力和下锁紧力之间有一定比率，并且可调。
需下击时，下放钻具直到压力达到下锁紧力，震击器将产生下击力。
若需要重复震击，上提钻具到重新锁紧的位置，重复上述过程。
3. 使用与操作3.1 下井前的准备3.1.1 经重新装配后的产品，各连接螺纹应按表1规定紧扣。
内腔注满L—HM32抗磨液压油，震击吨位和锁紧力可根据某口井具体要求调定，并经地面试验合格。
3.1.2 下井前震击器处于锁紧状态。
3.1.3 钻具配置应使震击器处于钻柱中和点偏上的受位部分。
3.1.4 推荐的钻具组合钻头+钻铤(外径不得小于震击器外径)+屈性长轴+JYQ型震击器+加重钻杆(外径不得大于震击器外径)+钻杆3.1.5当震击器接入立柱后，取下卡箍，并妥善保存。
3.2 操作方法3.2.1 下钻时应先开泵循环，再缓慢下放，切忌直通井底造成“人为下击”。
若在下钻过程中发生遇卡，可启动震击器实施上击解卡。
3.2.2 在正常钻进过程中，震击器应处于锁紧位置，在受拉状态下工作。
3.2.3 发生卡钻事故需上击时，按以下步骤进行：（推荐工作范围见图2、图3、图4）①下放钻具直到指重读数小于震击器以上钻具悬重3～5吨(即压到震击器心轴上的力)，震击器回到“锁紧”位置。
液压式随钻震击器设计
液压式随钻震击器设计班级：姓名：学号：摘要：在油气开采过程中，当钻具发生卡钻时，采用随钻震击器进行解卡是最为有效和经济的方法。
随钻震击器工作可靠性是保证钻具能否进行有效解卡的前提，得到了广泛的应用。
液压式随钻震击器具有钻井中易于调整释放力、密封结构好、性能稳定等优点，解决了目前国内机械式随钻震击器入井后的不可调控的问题，拥有了第一时间处理卡钻事故的能力，实现了石油钻井工程的连续性和便捷性，大幅降低了国内石油钻井的成本。
本次设计是对液压式随钻震击器的总体结构的设计，包括总体方案设计、心轴总成设计、外筒总成设计等。
以液压式随钻震击器为研究对象，对其结构形式、上下击的工作原理进行分析，确定各工况下力和扭矩的传递路线和各部件的受载情况。
设计出一款121型的液压式随钻震击器，对其设计方法进行研究，以材料力学的方法对各零件进行强度校核和扭转校核。
关键字：液压式，随钻震击器，结构设计。
ABSTRACT: In the process of oil and gas exploitation, when the drill sticking occurs, it is the most effective and economical method to use the while-drilling jar to release the sticking. The working reliability of the MWD jar is the premise to ensure that the drilling tool can be effectively unscrewed, and it has been widely used. Hydraulic MWD jar has the advantages of easy adjustment of release force, good sealing structure and stable performance in drilling. It solves the unregulable problem of domestic mechanical MWD jar after it enters the well, has the ability to deal with Sticking Accident in the first time, realizes the continuity and convenience of oil drilling engineering, and greatly reduces the cost of domestic oil drilling.This design is the overall structure design of hydraulic while drilling jar, including the overall scheme design, mandrel assembly design, outer cylinder assembly design and so on. Taking the hydraulic while drilling jar as the research object, the structure and working principle of the jar are analyzed, and the transmission routes of force and torque and the loading conditions of each component under different working conditions are determined. A 121 hydraulic while drilling jar is designed, and its design method is studied. The strength and torsion of each part are checked by material mechanics method.Key words: hydraulic, while drilling jar, structural design.1 绪论 (1)1.1研究的目的和意义 (1)1.2国内外研究的现状 (2)1.2.1震击器分类与特点 (2)1.2.2国内外研究现状 (3)2 液压式随钻震击器设计 (12)2.1液压式随钻震击器的总体结构 (12)2.2液压式随钻震击器的工作原理 (14)2.3液压式随钻震击器的结构设计 (16)2.3.1总体方案设计 (16)2.3.1.1 材料的选取 (16)2.3.1.2 壁厚设计 (17)2.3.1.3延时机构设计 (20)2.3.1.4 总行程设计 (24)2.3.2心轴总成设计 (25)2.3.2.1花键心轴设计 (26)2.3.2.2中间心轴设计 (29)2.3.2.2下心轴设计 (31)2.3.3外筒总成设计 (32)2.3.3.1上阀外筒设计 (33)2.3.3.2花键外筒设计 (35)2.4本章小结 (37)1.1研究的目的和意义小井眼侧钻技术是采油过程中一个重要的组成部分,是对低渗透油、裂缝油藏、边际油成层和死油中的剩余油开采的十分有效的方法。
QY-A全液压随钻震击器使用说明书(英文)
QY-A DRILLING JAR OPERATION MANUALBEIJING PETROLEUM MACHINERY CO.SEP 2010ForewordThis new kind of drilling jar, including its structure, principle and application is introduced in this manual. After the drilling jar being used and repaired by customers, its reliability and performance may have some changes. These changes depend on the application conditions and maintenance level.Because of the continuous improvements on the products, some details in the manual may not be same as in actual operation. These differences don’t affect the understanding of the product's structure, the performance and the application by customers. If having any questions, please contact us.The service-life of the drilling jar and operation effects are related with not only designing and manufacturing but also properly operating of customers.We would like to supply customers with high quality products in compliance with specification of the quality assurance system of ISO9001, and also hope that the operators can carefully read the manual to insure the performance of products and successfully achieve the expectant drilling operations.The drilling jar and the information in this manual may not be suitable in some special applications. The operator should make right judgment on the selection and the application of the drilling jars.As the continuous improvements on the drilling technology, the customers will have new requirements on the application. We will be very happy to continuously improve our products to meet your special requirements.Welcome to contact us by the following methods!BPM Beijing Petroleum Machinery Co.Address: No. 41 Zhixin Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China86-10-62098867Fax: 86-10-62311837,Phone: 86-10-83597657（Sale）86-10-83597659（Technical）Homepage: E-mail: bpm.tech@Content (1)1. Description2. Model Illustration (1)3. Principle (1)4. Application Notice (3)in the BHA (3)4.2 Position4.3 Frictionthe drill string (4)of (4)4.4 Pump-openForce4.5 Jarring up (5)4.6 Jarring down (5)4.7 Methods of the adjusting of the release force (5) (6)5. Maintenance5.1 Preparation (6)5.2 Disassembling Procedure (7)Procedure (8)5.3 Assembling5.4 Repair & Coordinate the limiter (9)6. Test & Oil Filling (10)Filling (10)6.1 Oil6.2 Release force test (10)6.3 Sealing Test (11)7. Trouble & Solutions (11)8. Damageable Components (12)9. Notices for Ordering (12)1. DescriptionQY-A hydraulic drilling jar is a new kind of drilling jar which is suitable for a wide range of drilling operations. This drilling jar overcomes the defects of pure mechanical drilling jar or pure hydraulic drilling jar and combines with merits of them. Mechanical lock and hydraulic delay works together in the process of jarring up and jarring down.The QY-A drilling jar has following features:1) It can avoid unexpected strike effectively.2) No need any safety clamps or other special actions on the drilling or tripping.3) Free position in the BHA (in tension, neutral or compression).4) Mechanical lock unit is not affected by the torque.5) The release force of jarring up or down can be adjusted on the drilling platform. Its operation isvery simple, exact and stable.6) Hydraulic delay allows the driller to adjust the jarring up or down force.7) Enclosed oil chambers increase seals and components life.8) Suitable to work in high temperature situation.9) It is an ideal tool for controlled directional well and horizontal well.2. Model Illustration3. PrincipleThe structure of QY-A drilling jar is shown in Figure 1, which be made up of housings, mandrels, valve unit, spring unit and lock unit and so on.QY-A is a new kind of drilling jar which combines the mechanical with hydraulic structures. The hook lifts the drill strings to make the mandrel move up, the spring unit takes place elastic deformation at the pull or push. The more energy from the hook, the spring unit does the greater deformation. When the deformation reaches high-point, the trip sleeve opens immediately and engages with friction sleeve, and then the jar enters the hydraulic-delay state. The cable hoist is baked at the same time. The drilling jar isCode (Drilling jar with adjustable release force)pulled slowly in the effect of pull force and hydraulic resistance force. The jar enters striking state after these series actions. The trip mandrel moves to the limit position quickly along its fixed path. After striking, set down the drill strings to make the jar reset for drilling or striking.Figure 1 the Structure of QY-A Drilling Jar Friction SleeveSpline MandrelStabilizerSpline Housing Upper Valve Housing Hydraulic Cylinder Lower Valve HousinSealBack NutSafe RingUpperValveMandrelValve UnitLower Valve MandrelUpper control HousingMiddle Control HousinConnect UnitLower HousingBottomTripLimiterLock ScrewUpper Adjusting SleeveSpring UnitPistonOil PlugLower Adjusting SleeveExtendedTrip SleeveLocated SleeveAdjusting SleeveWhen jarring down is needed, push the drilling jar until the pressure exceeds the release force. The lock unit opens soon and the trip sleeve opens immediately and engages with friction sleeve, and then the jar enters the hydraulic-delay state. The cable hoist is baked at the same time. The drilling jar is pulled slowly in the effect of pull force and hydraulic resistance force. The jar enters striking state after these seriesactions. The trip mandrel moves to limit position quickly along its fixed path producing huge jarring down force. The lock unit locked again when the drilling string is pulled, then the drilling or striking can be continued.The release force on the drill strings can be adjusted by the adjusting sleeve and the connect unit. In the adjustment process, first disassemble the cover screw, and then turn the adjusting sleeve by the spanner or the screwdriver alongside the thread to make an axial displacement and thus adjust the release force.4. Application Notice4.1 Prepare before down-hole operationThe drilling jar in the down-hole operation must be new or repaired after being used. The continuous working period of a new drilling jar for a single trip may not exceed more than 500 hours, not more than 300 hours for a repaired one. In high temperature or under the condition of acrid medium in the well fluid, it is not suitable to work for a long time. To avoid failure, the drilling jar should be repaired after being used in down hole, or else it is forbidden to use again.4.2 Position in the BHAJarring up or down of the hydraulic drilling jar is a whole section, and this can be subjected to a slightly pull force or push. In order to avoid free vibration of drill string affecting the jar’s life, it is important to avoid putting the jar on a neutral point of drill string. An ideal position is below the neutral point of the drill string, and this can make the pressing force on the drill string equal to the pump-open force.The drilling jar must be placed at the right position in the BHA to guarantee its proper effects and avoid some accidents. The jar's proper position is determined to the well conditions. Generally, the lower position, the better effect. In addition, the large pull or push force could result in unexpected strike.(1) Disposal on the lower location of the assembly (be pushed).The drilling jar is located above one drill collar at least where the collar is above the top centralizer.The drill collars located between a centralizer and a drilling jar can make the jar safer. For example, the drilling jar can not be stuck and dislodged by the rock cutting deposit. If a shock absorber locates in the drill strings, the drilling jar should be above it.(2) Disposal on the upper location of the assembly (be pulled).If it is predicated that the drill collars occur drill pipe stuck caused by pressure difference, the jar should be assembled on the position which is high enough in the drilling strings and always above the stuck point. But the disadvantage is that the distance between the jar and the stuck point would be too long and it could affect the jarring effect if the bit or the centralizers are stuck.4.3 Friction of the drill stringFriction is a kind of force generated between the drilling tool and borehole wall. Its empirical value is 50 kN ~200 kN. The friction is relevant with the BHA, mud condition and well bore structure. The force should be determined by the work site.During practical operation, the operators should exactly estimate the friction of the drill string.4.4 Pump-open ForcePump-open force is a kind of force exerting on the jar caused by the mud pressure in the drill strings in normal running. If the mud pressure is high enough, it will pull the jar open. Thus, the hook weight should deduce the pump-open force in the jarring up or down when calculates the force.The pump-open force is proportional to the pressure in the drill string and the piston equivalent area. So the pump-open force can be work out following:Pump-open force (kN) = piston area (mm2) -pumping pressure (MPa) ×10-3The piston equivalent area is related to the structure of the drilling jar. The pump-open force of QY-A drilling jar lists on the below table 1.Table 1 the Pump-open Force of QY-A Drilling Jar (kN)QY203AQY229AModel QY121A QY159A QY165A QY178APiston Area/mm24806 7835 7835 10722 13823 18850Pump Pressure/MPa971327555557 341381881077810 487819415026411014 6711027637721420 961571574.5 Jarring upWhen the jarring up is needed, lifting the drill strings to make the pull force reach the standardrelease force of the jar, an up-strike force would be produced. Pushing the drilling tools to make the jarreturn the reset position, the locking unit relocks again. Repeating the above steps will achieve the effectof continuous up strike. In jarring up, the hook load is calculated as follows:Hook load = hang weight on the drill string above the jar + frictional force on the drill strings +standard release force - pump-open force4.6 Jarring downWhen the jarring down is needed, lowering down the string to make the press force reach thestandard release force of the jar, a down-strike force would be produced. Pulling the drilling tools tomake the jar return the reset position, the locking unit relocks again. Repeating the above steps willachieve the effect of continuous down strike. In down strike, the hook load is calculated as follows: Hook load = hang weight on the drill string above the jar - standard release force- Frictional forceon the drill strings - pump-open force4.7 Methods of the adjusting of the release forceWe can make use of the adjusting sleeve on cover screw of the drilling jar by the spanner or thescrewdriver to adjust the release force. The upper adjusting sleeve is used for adjusting the up-strikerelease force, and the lower adjusting sleeve for the down-strike release force.There are 25 adjusting grooves on the circumference of the nut that is made letters on the bottomof the grooves. It marks "+" and "-" beside the cover hole, which represents the increase or the decreasedirection of the release force. Letters near the cover hole represent the position of the standard releaseTable 2 the adjusting value every grooveforce on ex-works or on the maintenance.During the adjusting (increasing or decreasing), when the upper or the lower adjusting sleeve can’t be adjusted, it reaches limited position, i.e. maximum or minimum release force.Notice: During the adjusting (increasing or decreasing), lock screw is forbidden to be disassembled or loosen.The every groove can adjust the release force as table 2. On the actual application, adjust the upper or the lower adjusting sleeve every time for one or a number of limiting grooves and record theletter till it reaches the proper tons. It canachieve the adjustment of the force5. MaintenanceOnce the new drilling jar continuously works in the down hole more than 500 hours or 300 hours for the repaired one, it must be checked and disassembled. It is suggested that the drilling jar should be abandoned after it has worked for 1500 hours or 2 years.Before disassembly, the drilling jar should be tested and the data should be recorded.5.1 Preparation①Break-out / Make-up equipment and proper tools, including pipe wrench, chain wrench, nylon slinging belt, etc. is needed.②Sealing and wearing parts. Model Adjusting Value (kN) QY121A 25QY159A 30 QY165A 30 QY178A 40 QY203A 50QY229A 60╋ ╋Page 7 of 12③Lubricants, molybdenum disulfide(MoS 2) lubricant oil and L-HM 32 hydraulic oil. ④Technical files and service drawings of the drilling jar. 5.2 Disassembling ProcedureIn disassembly, it is forbidden to damage sealing surfaces or outer surface of the thin wall housing. Before the disassembly, the drilling jar must be in reset position.The housing threads of the drilling jar are cone screw threads and painted Y680 bounded agent. Locally heat the connection place of all cone screw thread to make bounded agent invalid for dismantling. The surface temperature after heating cannot go beyond 250 and it is noticed that the ℃heating area cannot extend to protect seal parts from damage.(1) Before the disassembly, confirm the drilling jar in the reset (latched) position. Then prepare the oilcontainer, disassemble the oil plug by a spanner, empty the hydraulic oil in the cavity and disassemble the cover screws and lock screws. (2) Disassemble the bottom sub.(3) Disassemble the piston with the special tool and valve unit.(4) Disassemble the lower housing. After loosen the threads, hoist and dislodge it horizontally by thehanging belt. Take notice of the coaxial with upper control housing and the rest.(5) Disassemble the connect unit, turn out the lower adjusting sleeve. (Record the position of thembefore turning out.)(6) Disassemble the middle control housing. The disassembly way is same as the lower housing. Takeout the spring unit, separating sleeve, lining, friction sleeve and adjusting ring in the middle housing in sequence.(7) Disassemble the trip sleeve. First disassemble the extended mandrel, seize up the bottom end ofthe trip sleeve by the hanging belt and pulling it out by assembling test unit. Take out the separating sleeve and the spring unit on the mandrel in sequence.(8) Disassemble the upper control housing. The way is the same as the lower control housing. And turnout the lower adjusting sleeve. (Record the position of them before turning out.) (9) Disassemble the lower valve housing.(10) Disassemble the lower valve mandrel and the valve unit.(11) Disassemble the upper valve housing, as the way of the lower valve housing.(12) Disassemble the upper valve mandrel, the valve unit and the back nut.(13) Disassemble the spline housing, stabilizer and the spline mandrel.(14) Disassemble all the seal components.(15) Flush all the components by cleaning equipment. Check the injury status of the components. Afterchecking, the housings, the spline mandrel, the trip mandrel, friction sleeve, trip sleeve, spring unit, adjusting sleeve and the trip mandrel coupling should be detected. The displacements are replaced according to the destructive status.(16) After taking out the drilling jar from the well, all the seal components should be replaced every time.5.3 Assembling Procedure(1) Pick out invalid parts, substitute new available components and prepare a set of seal and the toolsfor oil injection.(2) Clip the stabilizer with the chain clamp of the assembling unit. First, assemble the wiper ring, sealring and supporting ring into the stabilizer. Then hoist the spline mandrel horizontally, and carefully boot the spline into it and pay attention not to damage the spline body and seal parts.(3) Insert the spline mandrel into the stabilizer(the bare length of the spline mandrel is about 310mm )(4) Assemble the orienting sleeve and seal components into the spline housing.(5) Assemble the clamp ring. Turn the back nut into the spline mandrel and install the spline mandreland the upper valve mandrel. Tighten the back nut and the upper valve mandrel.(6) Assemble the supporting ring to the upper valve mandrel; tighten it with the spline mandrel. Installthe seal part on the mandrel. Assemble the spline housing and upper valve housing together.(7) Pull the spline mandrel to the max trip and install the valve unit.(8) Assemble the seal parts and locker screw on the lower valve mandrel.(9) Assemble the hydraulic cylinder and upper valve housing.(10) Assemble the seal part on the lower valve housing, tighten the hydraulic cylinder and lower valvehousing together.(11) Assemble the seal part on the lower valve mandrel and tighten it with the upper valve mandrel andtrip mandrel (the special tool is needed).(12) Screw the upper adjusting sleeve into the upper control housing. When the distance between theend surface of the adjusting sleeve and that of the housing is “X” (the up strike is 0), the value of Page 8 of 12Page 9 of 12“X” is different from the model of QY-A drilling jar, check it on table 3, install the upper control housing.Table3 the distance between the end surface of adjusting sleeve and that of housingModelDistanceQY121A QY159A QY165A QY178A QY203A QY229AX 5 8.4 8.4 11.5 11.2 11.8 Y 4.7 8.4 8.4 11.8 11.6 12(13) Install the extended mandrel and the trip mandrel.(14) Assemble the spring unit and the separating sleeve on the mandrel in the order. Plug the trip sleeveinto the trip mandrel to make it into the groove, i.e. the reset position.(15) Assemble the bushing, adjusting ring, locating bush, and trip sleeve into the middle housing. Installthe middle housing.(16) Screw the lower adjusting sleeve into the connect unit and ensure that the distance between thehead face of the adjusting sleeve and that of the housing is Y (the down strike is 0), the value of “Y” is different from the model of QY-A drilling jar, check it on table 3, then install the connect unit. (17) Assemble the seal part on the piston and tighten it with the extend mandrel. (18) Assemble the lower control housing with the rest. (19) Install the top sub and assembling is accomplished.All the threads should be screwed down according to the make-up torque on table 4.Table 4 the make-up torque list of the threads (kN·m)ModelthreadsQY121A QY159/165A QY178A QY203A QY229A torque feed torquefeed torque feed torque feed torque feed housings 14 MoS 2 25 Y68035 Y68045 Y680 60 Y680mandrels 5 MoS 2 8 MoS 28 MoS 211 MoS 2 11 MoS 2Mandrel/piston 4 MoS 2 7MoS 28MoS 29MoS 211MoS 25.4 Repair & Coordinate the limiterIf the release force can not meet the requirement after long time using, repairing and coordinating the limiter is a good solution. If the custom wants to ascend the max release force, pare the end face nearing the adjusting sleeve. The length calculates as this formula:Page 10 of 12L=fptΔ25 L: The pared length, mm.p: The adjusting sleeve’ screw-pitch ，check it on table 5, mm.t: Difference between the max release force required on table 1and fact force, kN. Δf: Increase or decrease force dialing every groove of the upper/lower sleeve, kN.Table 5 the adjusting sleeve’ screw-pitch (mm)Model QY121A QY159A QY165A QY178A QY203A QY229Ap 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.23 4.5 6.356.Test & Oil Filling6.1 Oil FillingWhen the drilling jar has been assembled, it must be filled the oil into the cavity before the release force test.The liquid in the drilling jar is L-HM32 hydraulic oil. During oil filling, the drilling jar is required in the reset position.First, inject the barrel of the pump with the filtrated L-HM32 hydraulic oil. Before injection, lift upward the hole on the jar and then incline it by the traveling hoist at the angle of more than 30 degrees, in addition the large end of the mandrel is upward.The following is the connecting way between the oil pump and the hole on the jar. The hosepipe on the oil injection pump is connected with the bottom housing; one end of the return line connects to the hole on the spline body, and the other end inserts into the tubing. After connecting, the pump starts up. Wait till the air bubbles in the return line disappear for a long time so that all the remnant air is discharged, disassemble the pipe, assemble the pipe plug, and then put down the jar in horizontal position, disassemble the feed pipe, and finally install the pipe plug on the bottom housing, completing oil filling.6.2 Release force testThe reassembled drilling jars must come up to the standard in the release force test and seal test before used.After oiling the just-assembled drilling jar, test it’s jarring up and jarring down force on the push-pullBefore the test, it is suggested to locate the limiter as pre-disassembled. Please reference”6.4 repair & coordinate limiter” if you want to adjust the max release force in the adjustable extent of the limiter.After setting up the release force, record the letter locating near the setting nut vessel, and print it on the labeled vessel nearing adjustable aperture(print it behind all the letters ),then assemble limit nut and adjustable nut.The drilling jar must be reset after having been tested.6.3 Sealing TestThe nozzle is plugged by special pressure test connection. One end of the high-pressure hose is connected with the water inlet on the sub, the other end with the outlet on the electric pump. Make the air vent upward and disassemble the plug on the vent.Start up the pump and inject water into the jar. When the water fills up the jar and overflows from the air vent, stop the pump and install the core vent. After the above steps, start the pump again. When the pump pressure is up to 30MPa, stop it and retain the pressure for 5 minutes. If the pressure drops less than 0.5MPa, it represents the pressure test is ok. Disassemble the subs on the two ends. After drying the hole, paint the sealing grease and assemble the screw protector.7. Trouble & SolutionsBecause of the simple structure and the reliability of the mechanical QY-A drilling jar, a new jar or a jar after a normal repair won't have trouble. The trouble shooting during the application is as follows:a. the upper/lower adjusting sleeve can not be adjusted(1) If the upper/lower adjusting sleeve can adjust only toward one way, it indicates that the drilling jar has already been the max or min release force position. It is normal.(2) The drilling jar is not reset .Please pull or push it aptly. Push make jar reset when the jar has been up jarring or pull after down jarring.(3) The tool is too small to adjust the sleeve, please change a bigger one.b. No strike after the drill string lifted up(1) The jar is already at up-strike position. More drill springs would be lowered down to make the drilling jar be pushed, and then lift the strings up.(2) If the down-strike release force on the drilling jar is adjusted too low or too high, lift the jar outPage 11 of 12(3) If the lock unit of the jar is stuck and lodged, lift up the jar and repair it.c. No strike after the drill string lowered down(1) The jar is already at down-strike position, pull jar and lower down the drill string again.(2) If the down-strike release force on the drilling jar is adjusted too low or too high, lift the jar out to modulate.(3) After the drilling jar strikes for many times, and if the locking unit on the jar is stuck and lodged, lift the jar up and repair it.d. Vibration during normal drilling (unexpected strike)(1) If the release force on the drilling jar is adjusted too low, the vibration on the drill string will cause unexpected strike. Try to decrease the vibration on the string or increase the release force on the drilling jar.(2) If the jar in BHA locates at an inappropriate position, it will undertake so much larger pull force or compress force in normal drilling operation. If unexpected striking down, try to decrease the drilling pressure or increase the position of the drilling jar on the drilling assembly; otherwise, if unexpected striking up, try to increase the drilling pressure or decrease the position.8. Damageable ComponentsAfter the jar has worked in the well one time, all the sealing parts must be replaced.Check the stress-containing and frictional parts. If having any damage, replace it. Damageable components and special tools are shown in the following additional table.9. Notices for Ordering(1) Model of the products should be written clearly and completely.(2) If having special requirements on the connect threads, please give us a detailed information when ordering. If no details, we will supply our standard supplies.(3) Name, order number and quantity should be written clearly if ordering spare parts and tools.Page 12 of 12Additional Table 1：Damageable Components of QY121A Drilling JarSerial Number Items Order Number Quantity RemarkMandrel 9324610001 11 SplineSleeve 9314620004 22 SealHousing 9324610002 13 SplineNut 9314620008 14 Back5 Up Valve Mandrel 9324610004 16 Valve Unit 9314620200 2 complete setMandrel 9324610006 1Valve7 DownMandrel 9324610009 18 Trip9 Limiter 9314631007 2Screw 9314620010 210 LockScrew 9314620011 211 CoverUnit 9314620100 2 completeset12 SpringSleeve 9314630012 213 LocatedSleeve 9314630014 114 FrictionSleeve 9314630013 115 Trip16 TopSub 9324611010 117 Seal Components 9324610900 1 complete setSpecial Tools of QY159A Drilling JarSerial Number Items Order Number Remark1 Special Spanner 9316220810 Install valve mandrel piston2 Screw Plug 9316220820 Install trip sleeve3 Screw Block 9316220830 lead while trip installing4 Axle Pin 9316220840 Install valve coreIAdditional Table 1：Damageable Components of QY159A Drilling JarSerial Number Items Order Number Quantity RemarkMandrel 9326211001 11 SplineSleeve 9316220005 22 LeadHousing 9326210002 13 SplineNut 9316220009 14 Back5 Up Valve Mandrel 9326210004 16 Valve Unit 9316220200 2 complete setMandrel 9326210006 1Valve7 DownMandrel 9326210009 18 Trip9 Limiter 9316220014 2Screw 9316231002 210 LockScrew 9316230008 211 CoverUnit 9316220100 2 completeset12 SpringSleeve 9316220018 213 LocatedSleeve 9316220020 114 FrictionSleeve 9316220021 115 Trip16 TopSub 9326211011 117 Seal Components 9326210900 1 complete setSpecial Tools of QY159A Drilling JarSerial Number Items Order Number Remark1 Special Spanner 9316220810 Install valve mandrel piston2 Screw Plug 9316220820 Install trip sleeve3 Screw Block 9316220830 lead while trip installing4 Axle Pin 9316220840 Install valve corePage II of 12Additional Table 1：Damageable Components of QY159A Drilling JarSerial Number Items Order Number Quantity RemarkMandrel 9326211001 11 SplineSleeve 9316220005 22 LeadHousing 9326210002 13 SplineNut 9316220009 14 Back5 Up Valve Mandrel 9326210004 16 Valve Unit 9316220200 2 complete setMandrel 9326210006 1Valve7 DownMandrel 9326210009 18 Trip9 Limiter 9316220014 2Screw 9316231002 210 LockScrew 9316230008 211 CoverUnit 9316220100 2 completeset12 SpringSleeve 9316220018 213 LocatedSleeve 9316220020 114 FrictionSleeve 9316220021 115 Trip16 LowerHousing 9324610010 117 Seal Components 9324610900 1 complete setSpecial Tools of QY121A Drilling JarSerial Number Items Order Number Remark1 Special Spanner 9314620810 Install valve mandrel and piston2 Screw Plug 9314630810 Install trip sleeve3 Axle Pin 9316220840 Install valve coreIII。
液压减震送钻器使用手册
HPAL工具特点结构简单可靠；1500mm长行程减震送钻，可保证100％在液压缓冲段工作；具有液压减震、液力送钻双重功能；具有防斜打直、提高钻速、减轻司钻劳动强度、保护钻具等多项效果；地面选配调节压力大小，适合牙轮钻头高钻压，也适合PDC钻头低钻压；根据要求的钻压大小，可以任意增减工具级数，灵活实用；工具本身几乎没有压力损失；系列化适合各种尺寸井眼6″,6-1/4″,7-7/8″,8-1/2″, 9-1/2″,9-7/8″,11-3/4″,12-1/4″。
目录HPAL工具特点 P1目录 P2一、概述 P3二、结构原理 P4三、工作原理 P5四、设计与操作 P5五、技术规范六、注意事项 P8七、清洗维护 P91.概述本工具是一种石油天然气钻井用的井下工具，具有液压减震、自动送钻等功能；具有防斜打直、提高钻速、减轻司钻劳动强度、保护钻头、钻具等多项功能。
在钻井过程中，由于地层和钻头的相互作用产生动载，引起整个钻柱和井底附近岩石产生弹性波，使钻头、钻柱不规则地震动，当激震频率和钻柱的固有频率相当或接近时，钻柱则产生强烈震动。
钻头破碎岩石时离开井底破坏了钻头的稳定工作方式和稳定的工作状态，底部钻柱组合的垂直位移（振幅）一般在2～3mm，在坚硬岩石和有裂缝的岩石中钻进，振幅可达100mm（与钻头转速有关）,用三牙轮钻头钻进时，震动频率接近钻头转动频率的3倍，因而对井底产生的动载荷有时超过钻压的4倍。
当然，钻柱震动的也取决于钻井泵的脉冲情况。
总之，震动的结果使钻头提前破坏、钻柱断裂、井斜以及严重影响钻进效率。
减振器的真正作用在于吸收和释放震动能，或者改变钻柱的自身频率，从而避免钻柱的共振，通常的机械减振器（叠簧式、橡胶球式等等），由于地层岩性的不确定性，钻头与地层产生的振动频率也不确定，就存在着钻头钻柱震动的频率与减振器频率匹配问题，也存在着机械减振器的寿命问题，机械减振器一般起不到很好地减震作用。
液压减震送钻器是以液压吸收、缓冲、阻尼震动，又能通过钻头水眼及时释放震动能，同时具有改变整个钻柱固有频率的功能，使整个钻具组合的刚度、自身频率发生了根本的变化，在全频率波段范围内广泛适应钻头与钻柱的震动，所以在大量的钻井实践中，液压减震器的减震效果是很好的。
QJ178A随钻震击器使用说明书
QJ178A随钻震击器使用说明书北京石油机械厂2002年10月目 录 １概述...........................................................................................................１ ２型号说明.................................................................................................１ ３技术参数.................................................................................................１ ４工作原理.................................................................................................３ ５随钻震击器在钻具组合中的配置...............................................４ ６摩擦力和开泵力的计算方法.........................................................４ ６．１钻柱摩擦力............................................................................................４ ６．２开泵力......................................................................................................４ ７操作方法.................................................................................................５ ７．１向上震击.................................................................................................５ ７．２向下震击.................................................................................................５ ７．３释放力调节方法..................................................................................５ ８维修...........................................................................................................５ ８．１准备...........................................................................................................５ ８．２拆卸步骤.................................................................................................６ ８．３装配步骤.................................................................................................６ ９试验与充油............................................................................................７ ９．１释放力试验............................................................................................７９．２充油...........................................................................................................８ ９．３密封试验.................................................................................................８ １０故障及排除............................................................................................８ １１订货须知.................................................................................................９ １ 概述 QJ178A型随钻震击器是一种新型可调全机械整体式随钻震击器，它具有两个特点：一是上、下击一体，整机长度短，结构简单，安全可靠；二是上、下击的释放力大小可以分别调节，且调节简便易行、准确、稳定。
Griffith 震击器
Griffith 液压/机械随钻震击器使用手册1.1概述随钻震击器是连接在井下钻具组合中的一种工具，在钻井卡钻事故中能立即被用来对钻柱中的卡住部分产生震击作用，以达到解卡的目的。
随钻震击器一般分两种：一种是机械式；一种是液压式。
它们各有优缺点。
机械式随钻震击器的优点是：●在不需要震击时总是处在锁定位置；●在井下钻具组合的位置所受的限制较少；●在起下钻作业时不会发生意外震击；●起下钻作业时无特殊步骤要求；●钻台上不需要“安全卡瓦”和特殊处理步骤；●在正常钻进作业期间的磨损最小。
机械式随钻震击器的缺点为：●震击器在井下的震击力不可以变化；●当震击器锁定设置值被克服后会即刻震击，这种震击器有可能损坏提升设备（Hoisting Equipment）；●旋转类型受扭矩影响（Rofary type affected by torque）。
液压震击器的优点是；●在井下的震击力可通过改变超载拉力（amcunt of overpull）来改变；●因有时间延迟，从而有时间在钻台带上刹车，以保护提升设备；液压震击器的缺点为：●起下钻作业或单独吊震击器时有可能意外震击；●在BHA钻具组合中的位置受限制，必须在钻具组合中总是处于张力状态；●在起下钻作业时有特殊步骤要求；●在钻台上操作时需要安全卡瓦（Safety collar）；●在钻进时有轴向活动，这样加快了磨损速度；●在连续震击后，有容易出故障的名声。
1.2 Griffith 液压/机械随钻震击器的特点Griffith 液压/机械随钻震击器的开发，结合了液压和机械震击器的特点，克服了这两种震击器的固有缺点。
它的独特设计把液压延迟释放与机械锁定机理混合在一个相对较短的双作用随钻震击器上，使这种井下工具可提供几种相对传统液压或机械震击器的优点：●液压延迟时间允许操作者可施加不同的超载拉力（overpull），同时可应用刹车系统（draw-works drum brake）。
一些震击工具的基本原理及使用方法
一些震击工具的基本原理及使用方法一、随钻震击器随钻震击器由上、下两个独立的部分组成，既可单独使用，也可联合作用。
1、结构。
随钻震击器由随钻上击器和随钻下击器组成。
随钻上击器主要由芯轴、刮子、刮子体、芯轴壳体、花键体、延长芯轴、密封装置、压力体、耐磨液压油、密封体、浮子、冲管、冲管体组成。
随钻下击器主要由上接头、刮子、联接体、盘根、调节环、卡瓦芯轴、卡瓦、滑套、套筒、芯轴接头、花键体、芯轴等组成。
2、工作原理。
当需要上击时，快速提拉钻柱，钻柱伸长积蓄很大的能量，一量锁定机构解脱，钻柱的弹力使震击头产生强大的上击作用；当需要下击时，只需要迅速下放钻具，利用上部的重力即可向下产生向下的震击作用。
二、油压上击器（SY5086-85）1、结构。
油压上击器由震击杆、刮子、盘根、上缸套、中缸套、导向杆、活塞、下接头等组成。
2、工作原理。
震击杆与上、中缸套组成充满耐磨液压油的空腔。
活塞与活塞环在腔内向上运动的过程产生液阻，使钻具有足够的时间储能。
随着液压油从活塞环窄缝中泄流，活塞缓慢上行至泄放腔。
当液压油的约束被解除之后，钻具储存的弹性势能被释放，巨大的动载打击到与上缸套联接的被卡钻具上。
三、开式下击器（SY5054-85）1、结构。
开式下击器主要由上接头、震击总成、震击杆、筒体、下接头等组成。
震击杆为六方柱体，以传递扭矩。
震击总成为震击总成的支点，同时起隔离管内、外钻井液的作用。
2、工作原理。
当上提钻具，尔后迅速下放钻具，利用上部钻具重力和弹性伸缩产生强烈的向下震击。
四、地面震击器1、结构。
地面震击器主要由上接头、震击器接头、冲管、上套管、中心管、盘根、垫圈、卡瓦、卡瓦芯轴、滑套、调节、下套筒和下接头组成。
2、工作原理。
当上提震击中心管总成时，磨擦卡瓦上行到下套筒小锥端，即被调节环下端面顶住。
继续上提，迫使磨擦卡瓦挠性变形而扩张，钻柱伸长。
当提到调节拉力时，卡瓦芯轴从磨擦卡瓦中滑脱，伸长的钻柱突然收缩而产生强烈的下击作用。
文策随钻震击器
“文策”随钻震击器使用说明书一、概述“文策”随钻震击器是一种机械—液压一体式随钻震击器。
它集上、下震击作用于一体，具有稳定的工作性能和强大的上、下震击力，可解除钻井作业过程中发生的井下遇阻、遇卡等事故，是定向井、深井钻进作业中优选推荐的震击工具。
二、型号表示方法1、现有型号规格系列及性能参数三、结构、工作原理。
1、结构“文策”随钻震击器是机械—液压结构，上击机构为液缸、阻力阀，位于随钻下部；下击机构为卡瓦、碟簧，位于随钻上部 (如图所示) 。
2、工作原理上击,下放钻柱使震击器完全关闭（处于锁紧位置），按从小到大吨位顺序上提钻柱，迫使碟簧、液缸储能，延时，当芯轴上行到解除阻力状态，钻柱中贮存的弹性势能转换成向上的动能，产生上击。
重复上述过程，可使工具再次上击。
下击,上下活动钻柱使震击器完全关闭（处于锁紧位置），下放钻柱，使碟簧压缩贮能，当震击器所受压力大于震击器预定下击解锁力时，卡瓦从芯轴上滑出，解除锁紧状态，产生下击。
重复上述过程，可使工具再次下击。
四、使用与操作1、下井前的检查随钻震击器下井前，应对照《工具跟踪卡》进行检查，确认合格后方可进行下步工作。
2、连接随钻震击器在钻柱中连接位置的确定（1）随钻震击器应连接在钻柱中和点附近，推荐的钻柱组合如下：下2根钻铤（外径不小于震击器外径）+“文策”震击器（芯轴端向上）+加长短节+2根钻铤（外径不大于震击器外径）上。
（2）在容易出现压差卡钻的地层，震击器应安装在井下钻柱组合相对靠上的位置，以防止震击器以上钻具发生卡钻。
（3）在容易出现机械卡钻的区域，震击器在井底钻柱组合中的安装位置可以相对靠下，以提高震击器的工作能力。
（4）震击器不能直接连接在扶正器上，至少在扶正器上有两根钻铤。
震击器的连接应该避开钻柱中的变扣接头，应位于变扣接头上、下至少两个单根。
震击器以上应该接入足够数量的钻铤、加重钻杆以提供足够的下击驱动力。
（5）震击器以上钻柱外径不得超过震击器的外径，避免震击器以上发生卡钻，震击器失去解卡作用。
QY型全液压随钻震击器使用说明
QY型全液压随钻震击器一、概述QY型全液压随钻震击器是一种井下钻具被卡时的解卡工具，是一种上、下击一体式液压随钻震击器，当钻具被卡时，能够提供一个巨大的冲击力，可以进行上击或下击动作以达到解卡目的，及时恢复正常钻井作业。
QY型全液压随钻震击器在井下使用时，操作者可以在地面通过调整上提或下放钻具（无需对扭矩或外部调整），就能产生释放上击或者下击的冲击力，并且可以调整冲击力从很小到所需的最大冲击力。
工具操作简单、方便和可靠性高，可以广泛适用于钻井、取芯、打捞和修井等多种井下作业。
二、工作原理上击工作原理：工作是通过上提钻柱施加工具向上的力，随着工具上击液压阻尼机构的上行，在液压油腔的液压油受压产生憋压，实现钻柱储能。
当上行达到一定行程时，憋压油突然卸载，从而释放钻柱储能产生向上的冲击力。
下击工作原理：与上击工作原理不同的是，通过下放钻柱施加工具向下的力，实现钻柱储能的过程与上击相同，最终释放钻柱储能产生向下的冲击力。
三、使用与操作1、使用：1)工具下井前，必须做地面试验，试验合格后方可下井使用。
2)检查工具上各油堵是否拧紧。
（曾经发生过，油堵脱落掉井的事故）3)在转盘上，工具与钻具连接好后再卸下卡箍，同钻具一起下放入井。
（保存好卡箍，工具使用完后，卡上卡箍）4)工具与钻铤或加重钻杆可组成为立柱，但应该连接在立柱的顶部。
5)工具最适宜连接放置在整个钻具组合中和点以上部位，使工具处于受拉状态。
6)工具的外径应该小于或等于钻铤和下部钻具组合的直径。
7)推荐的钻具组合为：上部钻具+加重钻杆（外径不得大于震击器外径）+QY型随钻震击器+钻铤（外径不得小于震击器外径）+下部钻具2、操作上击操作1)下放钻具，超过震击器上部钻具重量5~7吨使震击器“上击阻尼机构”回位。
(这一条很重要，在上击前，必须通过下放钻具，让心轴回位)2)上提钻具，然后等待震击器震击。
震击器上击力=震击前指重表向上的最后读数-震击器上部钻具的悬重。
随钻震击器工作原理
随钻震击器工作原理
嘿！今天咱们来聊聊随钻震击器的工作原理呀！
哎呀呀，这随钻震击器可真是个厉害的家伙呢！你知道它到底是咋工作的不？
首先呢，这随钻震击器是在钻井过程中发挥大作用的宝贝呀！它主要是通过巧妙的机械结构来实现其功能的哇！
当钻井遇到卡钻等复杂情况的时候，随钻震击器就该大显身手啦！它有上下两个部分，分别叫做上击器和下击器呢。
上击器是通过储存能量，然后突然释放，产生向上的冲击力，来帮助解卡的哟！下击器呢，则是反过来，先压缩然后猛地伸展，产生向下的冲击力！这是不是很神奇呀？
在工作的时候，随钻震击器得根据实际情况来判断啥时候该发力，发力多大才行呢！这可就需要精准的控制和判断啦！如果控制不好，那可就麻烦大了呀！
而且哇，随钻震击器的工作还得依靠各种精密的部件协同合作呢！比如说高强度的弹簧、精密的阀组等等。
这些部件都得质量过硬，不然在井下那么恶劣的环境里，很容易就出问题啦！
哇塞，你想想看，在深深的地下，随钻震击器默默地发挥着自己的作用，为钻井的顺利进行保驾护航，这是多么了不起的事情呀！
总之呢，随钻震击器的工作原理虽然看似复杂，但是一旦了解清楚，就会发现它真的是钻井工程中不可或缺的好帮手呀！它的存在，让钻井工作能够更加高效、安全地进行下去，这难道不值得我们为它
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液压震击器工作原理
液压震击器工作原理
《液压震击器工作原理》
液压震击器是一种通过液压力来实现减振和缓冲的装置。
它主要由一个液压缸、一个活塞、一个气阀以及液体组成。
当外力施加在液压震击器上时，液体将通过活塞进入液压缸内。
液压力的作用下，活塞会向上移动，并将能量转化为压缩空气的压力。
当震击力减小或消失时，活塞会向下移动，将压缩空气释放到外部环境中。
液压震击器的工作原理可以简化为以下几个步骤：
1. 初始状态下，液压震击器处于放松状态，活塞处于下降位置。
2. 外力作用下，液体进入液压缸内，活塞受到液压力的推动而向上移动。
3. 活塞上升过程中，液压力将压缩空气逐渐塞入一个气阀中。
4. 当震击力消失或减小到一定程度时，活塞会开始向下移动。
5. 活塞下降时，气阀打开，压缩空气被释放到外部环境中，从而达到减振和缓冲的效果。
液压震击器的工作原理通过液压力和压缩空气的相互作用来实现减振和缓冲的效果，广泛应用于机械设备、工程建筑等领域。
石油工程技术专业《9.1.3液压式上击器的使用》
训练工程三液压式上击器的使用
操作方法及要求
〔1〕在实验架上检验、测定液压式上击器充油状况，测出液压式上击器上击所需提拉力和许用最大提拉力。
〔2〕震击、打捞钻柱结构〔自下而上为〕：可退式打捞工具+平安接头+液压式上击器+配重钻铤+加速器+钻具。
〔3〕将连接好的工具及管柱下入井内，下放速度小于 2.5m ／s。
当工具下至距鱼顶5～10m，开泵大排量冲洗落鱼，并记录钻柱悬重。
〔4〕打捞落鱼并上提至原悬重以上100～150kN。
〔5〕按规定的震击提拉负荷上提钻柱，刹车，等候震击发生。
震击发生后，下放钻柱关闭液压上击器行程。
然后再次上提钻柱至规定负荷，刹车等候震击发生。
如此反复，直至震击解卡。
〔6〕震击无效或作用不明显，按可退式打捞工具退出程序要求，退出震击打捞工具。
〔7〕浅井、斜井在使用液压式上击器时，应与加速器配套使用。
〔8〕抓获落鱼后上提拉力应由小到大逐渐加大至许用值。
〔9〕上击器的上下腔中必须充满润滑油并不得渗漏。
随钻震击器使用说明书
随钻震击器使用说明书文字说明1 概述2 结构与工作原理3 使用与操作4 维修5 地面实验附图图一BZ 随钻震击器外形图及主要尺寸图二运行位置示意图图三新装间隔衬套修理尺寸图四调节震击力方向示意图产品总图随钻震击器使用说明书1．概述机械式随钻震击器是全机械式随钻震击、解卡工具。
它集上、下震击作用于一体，可接触钻进作业中遇阻、遇卡等钻井事故。
它在不需要震击时，是钻柱的一部分，需震击时，随时可作业，因而提高了工作效率。
2．结构与工作原理。
结构外形及主要尺寸如图一。
内部结构如本说明书后附产品总图（图中未画出曲屈接头）。
本震击器是同类产品中结构最新式、最简化、操作最方便的。
上击工作原理图一所示为装配调试合格的位置，即准备出发（解锁）状态。
图二为局部放大图。
上图为准备击发位置。
运行轴与运行套的内齿对应啮合，运行套外部齿与摩擦衬套内部齿是齿顶对齿顶的摩擦状态。
当钻柱上提，通过上接头1，上控制套3，中部套筒28，下控制套37，下调节套29，压缩弹簧管25，26，27 使运行套21 相对摩擦衬套下移。
当运行套的外齿齿顶与摩擦衬套的齿间相对应时，运行衬套在运行轴的作用下涨开，运行轴的齿从运行套内齿滑出，如图二中图。
此时钻柱储备的能量释放，向上震击。
下放钻柱，整个工具又恢复图二上部的状态，即准备击发状态。
重复上述操作，就可使钻具解卡。
下击工作原理在运行套的上部，还有一组三件与26，27，28 完全相同的弹簧管。
当下压钻柱时，通过上接头1，上控制套3，上调节套18，压缩上面一组弹簧管。
运行套相对于摩擦衬套上行，钻柱储能。
当达到预定的吨位，运行套的齿顶与摩擦衬套的顶间相对应，运行衬套涨开，运行轴齿从运行套内的齿中滑出，产生下击，与上击方向相反如图二下图所示。
3．使用与操作下井前的准备震击器下井前应该经台架试验合格，见本说明书第5 节。
下井前震击器处于准备击发位置。
钻具配置应使震击器处于钻柱系列中平衡点以上的张力部分，并承受最少5 吨的张力。
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序号 1 2 3 准备工作 考 核 项 目 考核内容及要求 挡好天车大绳，大钩、吊环要拴保险绳； 检查井架，大绳及刹车机构应安全可靠 校正好指重表 配分 2 2 2 未检查扣2分 未检查扣2分 未检查扣2分 位置不对未使震击器在受拉状态下工作 扣5分 未用提升短节将震击器吊上钻台扣2分 未按要求操作一项扣1分 不符合要求扣5分 将任何夹持吊装工具卡在上轴拉开部位 扣5分 未按要求操作一项扣1分 评分标准
4
5 6 7 8 9
钻具组合
震击器一般接装在钻具的中和点偏上位置，使震击器在受拉状态下工作
将准备好的震击器用提升短节吊上钻台，严防撞击。
5
2 3 5 5 3
在连接螺纹处涂好密封脂，按规定扭矩将震击器拧紧在钻柱上，提起钻柱、取下 上轴卡箍（保管好）。
起、下钻 作 业 震击器在井内起、下钻过程中，始终处于拉开状态。 若起、下钻过程中，决不允许将任何夹持吊装工具卡在上轴拉开部位（即上轴镀 铬面的外露部分），以防损坏上轴。 起钻时，上轴呈拉开状态，必须在上轴镀铬面处装好卡箍，方可编入立柱放在钻 杆盒内。
上击解卡
13
上提钻柱时用中等程度的震击力，以后逐渐增加。上击时，指重表显示的吨位应 下降。 如果上提震击器不震击，可能是震击器没有完全回位，可重新下放钻柱，此次应 比上一次下放的吨位大一些。若再不震击，应分析原因或将震击器起出维 修。 按上述步骤，可反复进行上击。 下放钻柱对震击器施加约98KN的压力，关闭震击器。 上提钻柱，使震击器被拉开一定行程，在方钻杆上作一刻度来测量拉开行程。
10
11 12
操作前必须正确计算震击器作业时指重表的读数（上提吨位）。
震击器作业时指重表的读数（上提吨位）＝震击器上部的钻具重量＋所需的震击 吨位＋钻具与井壁的摩擦阻力（估算），所需的震击吨位不允许超过最大 震击吨位。 下放钻柱对震击器施加约为98KN的压力，关闭震击器。
3
6 6 6
计算错误扣3分
上提吨位不正确扣6分 施加压力不符合要求扣6分 震击力不符合要求扣6分
14 15 16 17 18 下击解卡
8 8 6 8 6
未按要求操作一项扣4分 未按要求操作扣8分 施加压力不符合要求扣6分 未按要求操作一项扣4分 上提吨位不正确扣6分
上提吨位＝震击器上部钻柱重量＋震击器所需的拉开力98KN＋钻具与