论学习-弗兰西斯·培根(三个译本)
(完整版)培根的《论学习》中英文对照
Abeunt studia in mois wit be not apt to
If he be not apt to beat over
So every defect of the
读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。因此不常做笔记者须记忆力特强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。 读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩；凡有所学，皆成性格。 人之才智但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之顺畅，一如身体百病，皆可借相宜之运动除之。滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，慢步利肠胃，骑术利头脑，诸如此类。如智力不集中，可令读数学，盖演题需全神贯注，稍有分散即须重演；如不能辩异，可令读经院哲学，盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人；如不善求同，不善以一物阐证另一物，可令读律师之案卷。如此头脑中凡有缺陷，皆有特效可医。
论学习
弗朗西斯·培根
王佐良 译
Their chief use for delight, is
To spend too much time in
Some
读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。 练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹，全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。 读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接，而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。 有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，唯明智之士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。 读书时不可存心诘难读者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。 书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，有只需读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏，淡而无味。
培根论学习的文学鉴赏
对比小结
在对“Of study”的翻译上，以上所提到的三位 翻译家由于在翻译技巧、形美、意美、词语选择、 句式转换、翻译风格等方面各具特色，所以所译文 章呈现出不同。但可以看出，王佐良教授的译文更 为读者接受和喜爱。其译作的语言精炼优美传神， 形美、意美和音乐美相结合，遵循了翻译“信、达、 雅”三原则，在遣词造句上严谨规范，这些都向读 者生动再现了培根原作的光辉与魅力，另外两位翻 译家的作品则相形见绌。故王佐良的译文为后世广 为传颂。
•
王佐良版《谈读书》译文总体特点
• 古典式翻译（即地 道的文言译文） • 语言精炼优美传神 • 句式整齐，文章富 有音乐美 • 解决了古典散文讲究 排比和铺陈、富于哲 理和逻辑的问题 • 形美和意美结合，使 文章美感较强 • 和原作语言比较接近， 在遣词造句上严谨规 范
黄宏煦版《论读书》译文总体特点
对比之五：关于翻译风格
对比了三篇译文，不难发现，三篇译文在翻译风格上有诸多不同。 王佐良的译文是一种典型的文言文译体。文中使用了大量的文言词和 文言结构，也较高频率的使用四字格词语。四字格具有精练、文雅、音 韵和谐的特点,能很好地体现原文的书面语色彩。通读王佐良的译文后之 所以有一种美的感受，恰恰就是因为他充分的精准地运用了汉语用语中 的特点，注意到了英汉表达方式的不同。他并没有受原文表达的束缚， 却在意义上与原文同出一辙。鉴于原文的文体具有正式、古雅的特点,王 佐良的文言文译文更具其优势，如：文言词汇色彩正式、庄重,既能反映 文章题材的特点又能体现原文的文体特征；文言文具有古雅的特点,可以 精微地再现原文古色古香的风韵；文言文句式短小精焊,言简旨深,很适 合体现原文简洁、洗练的风格均是比较抽象的名词。 黄宏煦的译文是一种典型的白话文文体。文中通俗易懂，便于各类读 者接受，但相比较王的译文而言，缺乏了其文言文的音韵和简练的特点， 也缺少了一些气势。 张和声的译文也是白话文文体。文章用词浅显易懂，适合各层次读者 接受，但是其缺陷也不言而喻，即文章过于简单，缺少气势和文采。
(完整版)培根的《论学习》中英文对照
Of StudiesFrancis Bacon论学习弗朗西斯·培根王佐良译Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in thejudgment and disposition of business. For expert and execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best form those that are learned.To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humour of a scholar.They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need proyning by study; and studies themselves do give forthdirections too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience.Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation.Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider.Some books are to be tasted, others to beswallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but notcuriously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention.Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。
论学习弗朗西斯
论学习弗朗西斯·培根王佐良译Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business.读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。
其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。
For expert and execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgement wholly by their rules, is the humour of a scholar.练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹，全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。
读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。
They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience.读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接，而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。
培根OfStudies原文及三个汉译版本
培根OfStudies原文及三个汉译版本培根Of Studies原文及三个汉译版本【原文】1）Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs come best from those that are learned.2）To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament is affection; to make judgment wholly by their rules is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study, and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience.3）Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them, for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confuse; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider.4）Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be ready wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less importantarguments, and the meaner sort of books; else distilled books are, like common distilled waters, flashy things.5）Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning to seem to know that he doth not.6）Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores. Nay there is no stond or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies: like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. So if a man’s wit be wande ring, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the schoolmen; for they are symini sectores. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers’ cases. So every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.Abeunt studia in mores: Studies pass into the characterSymini sectores: dividers of cumin seeds, or hair-splitters【译文】一、王佐良译：谈读书读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。
培根：《论学习》（新译）
培根：《论学习》（新译）说明：英国哲学家弗朗西斯·培根的经典名篇《论学习》在国内已有多个译本，但有人把它译为《论学习》，也有人把它译为《论读书》；有些人把它译成白话文，也有人把它译成文言文。
其中，对其部分语句的本意产生误解也有不少。
为此，笔者尝试对该文重新作以翻译，敬祈各位指正。
学习可以增加乐趣，可以增添光彩，可以增长才干。
当你独处、退隐之时，它可以作为乐趣；当你高谈阔论之时，它让你显得更有学问；当你处理人间世事时，它让你显得技高一筹。
有专长之士，固然能明辨枝节，做事有条不紊。
但能统筹规划、总揽全局者，必为博学之才。
过度沉溺于学习是怠惰，过度炫耀学问是造作，照本宣科断事是书生之气。
学习可以完善天性，经验则可以完善学习。
天生之才犹如自然中的花木，它需通过学习加以剪修；学习可以给你指明方向，但它需经验加以框约。
聪慧者蔑视学习，愚笨者羡慕学习，明智者运用学习。
学习本身不教人运用，观察可以获得超越书本的智慧。
读书不为辩驳别人，不为听信他人，不为寻词摘句，而为推敲事理。
有些书可浅尝辄止，有些书可全然吞下，有些书则需细嚼慢咽。
换言之，有些书可只读片段，有些书可大致通览，而有些书则需研读始终。
有些书可请人代读，然后取其摘要，但这仅限于主题不重要、价值不高者；否则，书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏，淡而无味。
读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人严谨。
因此，不做笔记者须有好的记忆，不常讨论者须天资聪颖，不常读书者须欺诈有术，方能掩饰其无知。
读史使人明智，读诗使人聪慧；数学使人缜密，科学使人深刻；伦理学使人庄重，逻辑与修辞使人善辩。
凡有所学，皆成品格。
人有智慧不足，可通过学习来弥补。
正如身体之病，可借适当锻炼来消除。
滚球有益于腰肾，射箭有利于胸肺，散步有利于肠胃，骑马有利于头脑，诸如此类。
因此，倘若有人神智涣散，就让他学数学；因为在演算中，注意稍有分散，就必须从头开始。
倘若有人不敏于辨别，就让他们学习经院哲学家，因为他们都善于吹毛求疵。
论学习-弗兰西斯_培根(三个译本)
论学习-弗兰西斯_培根(三个译本)弗兰西斯·培根是十七世纪英国最具影响力的思想家之一，他尤其擅长于逻辑分析和文学艺术。
他的上述藕合的著作“新科学”（Novum Organum）被认为是英语哲学史上的里程碑。
本文将详细分析培根关于学习的观点。
首先，培根强调了对知识的前卫性。
他写道：“学习环境让学习者改变自己。
他们倾向于引用有关他们自身的新学习材料以及其他证据，以支持他们关于任何特定问题的立场”（Novum Organum，第一篇）。
通过引用一些有意义的新资料，学习者不仅能够学习新的内容，还能改变他们对问题的认识。
培根也强调了学习的深思熟虑和自省自由。
他说：“学习是接纳自由的探索，是带来深思熟虑，以便汲取新的见解和有利的思想。
”（Novum Organum，第二篇）以这种方式。
学习者能够更佳地理解它们，并从中汲取知识以及新的视角。
最后，培根认为学习者需要“逻辑思维”来促进其学习。
他写道：“当一个人在学习时，他需要运用自己的逻辑思维能力，通过探究证据和有效关联，以适应变化。
”（Novum Organum，第三篇）通过培养自身的逻辑思考能力，学习者能够更好地理解知识，构建新的见解。
总而言之，弗兰西斯·培根关于学习的观点是：学习是一种前瞻性的、深思熟虑的和自省性的行为，它由一个可以运用全面逻辑思维的主体实践。
在改变知识认知的过程中，相关的新知识和观点应当被接纳，而以新学习来替代旧知识，以便达到更为全面和有用的结果。
本文仔细剖析了弗兰西斯·培根关于学习的观点，并且举出了一些范例来支持其观点，以此加深观点的理解。
弗兰西斯·培根在《新科学》一书中的观点丰富了人们对于学习的理解，也提供了更多有益的思考方式来强化学习的过程。
通过深入学习培根的观点，我们获得了一个系统性而又有建设性的视角，这有助于我们更好地理解学习这一概念以及学习的重要性，从而更好地发挥自己的潜能。
三个译本的对比翻译
陈奕虹英语810831032 《论习惯与教育》的三个译本的对比摘要弗兰西斯·培根（Francis Bacon ，1561—1626）是英国哲学家、思想家、作家和科学家。
著有《培根论说文集》收入58篇随笔，从各个角度论述广泛的人生问题，精妙、有哲理，拥有很多读者。
论文的第一部分介绍作者和作品。
第二部分横向比较杨向荣，水天同，曹明伦对《论习惯与教育》的译本的得失。
第三部分我对翻译的个人见解。
通过上述三个部分的分析以及见解使人们深入了解翻译的魅力。
关键词: 弗兰西斯·培根；翻译；《论习惯与教育》AbstractFrancis Bacon,1st Viscount Saint Alban,KC(22 January 1561-9 April 1626)was an English philosopher,statesman,scientist,lawyer,jurist and author.He wrote a book which is called The Essays of Francis Bacon.The book includes 58 essays.The book discusses extensive life problem from every angle.It is exquisite,philosophy and popular in the world.The first part of this thesis introduces the author and her literary achievements. The second part of this thesis introduces the gains and the loss about Yang Xiangrong,Shui Tiantong and Cao Minglun's transverse comparisons.The third part of this thesis introduces the personal opinions about translation.Through the analysis of the above three parts and opinions make people in-depth understanding charm of translation.Key words:Francis Bacon ;translation;Of custom and education目录第一章介绍作者和作品1.1弗兰西斯·培根和弗兰西斯·培根的成就1.2《培根论说文集》的简介第二章横向比较杨向荣，水天同，曹明伦对《论习惯与教育》的译本的得失2.1 杨向荣，水天同，曹明伦的译文特点2.2 杨向荣，水天同，曹明伦译本的品评第三章对翻译的个人见解第一章介绍作者和做品1.1 弗兰西斯·培根和弗兰西斯·培根的成就弗兰西斯培根生于1561年，死于1626年。
(完整版)培根的《论学习》中英文对照
Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtile; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.Abeunt studia in morse.
Nay there is no stand or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies: like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like.So if a man's wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again.If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the schoolmen; for they are cymini sectors.If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers' cases.So every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.
中英对照培根《论学习》翻译
中英对照培根《论学习》翻译OF STUDYSTUDIES serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Theirchief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best, from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need proyning, by study; and studies themselves, do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments,and the meaner sort of books, else distilled books are like common distilled waters, flashy things. Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit: and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know, that he doth not. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtile; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in mores. Nay, there is no stond or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out byfit studies; like as diseases of the body, may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. So if a man's wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish orfind differences, let him study the Schoolmen; for they are cymini sectores. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study 197 the lawyers' cases. So every defect of the mind, may have a special receipt.读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。
培根散文《论学习》翻译
班级：2010级英语3班姓名：谢荣学号：201052010327论学习学习可以令人愉悦，学习可以为人增色，学习可以使人长才。
在独处幽居时，学习可以令人愉悦；在谈天论地时，学习可以为人增色；在处事判事时，学习可以使人长才。
对于经验丰富之人，他们可以对细枝末节进行一一判别；但对于统筹全局的事务，只能由那些学问渊博的人来完成。
作为一个学者，在学习上，花费过多的时间是懒散的表现；在谈论时，过多地运用知识未免有些矫揉造作；在判断中，按部就班就显得有些牵强。
知识可以使本性完善，而经验又可以让知识完善；与生俱来的才能就像大自然中的花草树木，需要运用知识来修枝剪叶，而知识需要有经验示范才能谈得上不是一派胡言。
一技之长之人蔑视知识，无知之人崇尚知识，明智之人运用知识；而知识并不是用它的用处来衡量的，知识不在书中而在书外，全凭观察得知。
读书时，不能驳斥书中内容，认为书本知识都是错的；不能尽信书，认为书中知识都是正确的；也不能寻章摘句，草率略读；而是要仔细推敲斟酌。
读有一些书需要走马观花，其他的则浅尝辄止，只有小部分的书需要仔细品味并且领会其意。
也就是说，有些书只需读其部分，有的只需蜻蜓点水，只有极少部分的书需要全读，并且要全神贯注，用功研读。
读书可以请人代读，取其摘要就可，但只限一些题材较次、价值不高的书，否则书经提炼好似水经蒸馏，华而不实。
读书可以使人充实；谈论可以使人机智；笔记可以使人严谨。
因此，不常做笔记的人，需要记忆超群；不常讨论的人，需要才思卓越；不常读书的人，需要欺世有术——在无知中显有知。
读史使人明察善断；读诗使人妙趣横生；数学使人思维明锐；科学使人高深莫测；伦理学使人严肃端庄；逻辑修辞学使人能言善辩。
知识可以融入一个人的性格中。
人的才智都有不足，但合适的学习可以能让人完善，犹如适当的运动可以抵御疾病一样。
打保龄球有利于睾肾，射箭有利于胸肺，慢步有利于肠胃，骑马有利于头脑，诸如此类。
如果一个人总是浮想联翩，就可以学习数学，只要他一开小差，他就得重新开始；如果一个人的辩异能力较差，就可以学习经院哲学，需要对琐细的事情进行分析；如果一个人的求同能力较差，并且不善于用一个事物来阐释另一个事物，就可以学习律师的案卷。
培根美文《论读介绍模板》原文及三种译文鉴赏之欧阳文创编
培根美文《论读书》原文及三种译文鉴赏阅读是我们获取知识的重要手段，下面是培根著名的关于读书的一篇美文——论读书，并奉上另外两个版本的译文。
对于好的书，可以多加研读，对于普通书籍，知其大意即可，就像在快速阅读中，阅读是弹性的，你可以选择对内容把握程度的深浅。
“有些书可以浅尝辄止，有些书可以生吞，而有少数书应该细嚼慢咽，融会贯通”——谈读书——王佐良译读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。
其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其博彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。
练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。
读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。
读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接；而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。
有一技之长鄙读书，无知者慕读书，唯明智之士用读书，然读书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。
读书时不可存心诘难作者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。
书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。
换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。
书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏，淡而五味矣。
读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。
因此不常做笔记者须记忆特强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。
读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，论理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩：凡有所学，皆成性格。
人之才智但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之顺畅，一如身体百病，皆可借相宜之运动除之。
滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，慢步利肠胃，骑术利头脑，诸如此类。
如智力不集中，可令读数学，盖演算须全神贯注，稍有分散即须重演；如不能辨异，可令读经院哲学，盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人；如不善求同，不善以一物阐证另一物，可令读律师之案卷。
培根美文论读书原文及三种译文鉴赏
培根美文论读书原文及三种译文鉴赏培根美文《论读书》原文及三种译文鉴赏阅读是我们获取知识的重要手段，下面是培根着名的关于读书的一篇美文——论读书，并奉上另外两个版本的译文。
对于好的书，可以多加研读，对于普通书籍，知其大意即可，就像在中，阅读是弹性的，你可以选择对内容把握程度的深浅。
“有些书可以浅尝辄止，有些书可以生吞，而有少数书应该细嚼慢咽，融会贯通”——谈读书——王佐良译读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。
其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其博彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。
练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。
读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。
读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接；而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。
有一技之长鄙读书，无知者慕读书，唯明智之士用读书，然读书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。
读书时不可存心诘难作者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。
书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。
换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须 Document number：NOCG-YUNOO-BUYTT-UU986-1986UT全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。
书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏，淡而五味矣。
读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。
因此不常做笔记者须记忆特强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。
读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，论理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩：凡有所学，皆成性格。
人之才智但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之顺畅，一如身体百病，皆可借相宜之运动除之。
滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，慢步利肠胃，骑术利头脑，诸如此类。
培根学习论
Francis Bacon：OF STUDIES论学习弗朗西斯·培根王佐良译Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief usefor delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse;and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business.读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。
其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。
For expert and execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; butthe general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come bestform those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; touse them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgement wholly bytheir rules, is the humour of a scholar. 练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹，全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。
读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。
They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilitiesare like natural plants, that need proyning by study; and studies themselvesdo give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in byexperience.读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接，而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。
培根的《论学习》中英文对照
Of StudiesFran cis Bac on 论学习弗朗西斯培根王佐良译Studies serve for delight, for orn ame nt, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in private ness and retiri ng; for orn ame nt, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgme nt and dispositi on of bus in ess.For expert and execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the gen eral coun sels, and the plots and marshalli ng of affairs, come best form those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for orn ame nt, is affectati on; to make judgme nt wholly by their rules, is the humour of a scholar.They perfect n ature, and are perfected by experie nee: for n atural abilities are like n atural pla nts, that n eed proyning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directi ons too much at large, except they be boun ded in by experie nee.Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observatio n.Read not to con tradict and con fute; nor to believe and take for gran ted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and con sider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewedan( digested; that is, some books are to be reac only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligenee and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less importa nt 读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。
培根Of Studies三个译本的比较
培根Of Studies三个译本的比较摘要：王佐良先生的翻译尤其是《谈读书》的译文堪称翻译史上的一篇绝世佳作。
本文将其与水天同先生以及曹伦明先生的Of Studies的译文进行比较研究王佐良先生的翻译风格与特色。
关键词：Of Studies王佐良译文水天同译文曹明伦译文风格特色弗兰西斯·培根的《论说文集》（Essays）是英国发展史上的重要里程碑，开创了英国文学的随笔体裁。
Of Studies是其中最具影响力的一篇文章,因此至今已经有许多的翻译版本。
其中以王佐良先生的版本最为文化界推崇。
本文将其与水天同先生以及曹明伦先生的Of Studies译文进行比较研究王做良先生的翻译风格。
首先，我先介绍一下三位译者的整体翻译风格。
水天同先生的译文是以白话文为主,中间有个别文言虚词如“底”字等，也间或用文言文。
水天同先生抱定传达原作意思口吻之宗旨”。
水天同先生所谓的“传达原作意思口吻”有两层含义:一是忠实于原文的意思,二是符合原作的写作风格。
总体来看,水天同先生也是按照这一宗旨来翻译培根的Of Studies的；从总体上看,曹明伦先生的译文把握得不温不火,恰到好处。
他采用半文半白的语体,语言简练隽秀。
曹明伦先生在“译序”中提到:“译散文作品的原则也应和译诗原则一样,即在神似的基础上最求最大限度的形似。
”应该说在《培根随笔集》中曹明伦先生严格遵守他自己的翻译原则,以求最大限度的神似和形似。
而王佐良先生在翻译这篇散文时，采用的是“浅近的文言文”，从作者的历史背景契合的角度上来讲，选用文言文与原作的艺术风格最为接近。
他主张“尽可能地顺译，必要时直译；任何好的译文总是顺译与直译的结合；一切照原作，雅俗如之，深浅如之，口气如之，文体如之。
”这里“一切照原作”有两层含义：一是忠实原文的意思，二是符合原文的写作风格。
他还十分注重译者的地位，认为翻译不应该仅仅是机械的模仿，翻译的过程实际上也是一个再创作的过程。
现在我们就以一些例句具体来比较一下三位译者的翻译，从而体现出王佐良先生这篇翻译为什么可以得到如此高的评价。
培根的《论学习》中英文对照
Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested； that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously； and some few to be read wholly， and with diligence and attention。 Some books also may be read by deputy， and extracts made of them by others； but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books； else distilled books are, like common distilled waters, 现方式做保护处理对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑并不能对任何下载内容负责
Of StudiesF源自ancis Bacon论学习
弗朗西斯·培根
王佐良 译
Studies serve for delight， for ornament， and for ability. Their chief use for delight， is in privateness and retiring； for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability， is in the judgment and disposition of business。
培根《论学习》_英文加翻译
OF STUDIES Francis BaconStudies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. For expert and execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best form those that are learned.To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgement wholly by their rules, is the humour of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need proyning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention.Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books; else distilled books are, like common distilled waters, flashy things. Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know that he doth not. Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtile; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.Abeunt studia in morse. Nay there is no stand or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies: like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like.So if aman's wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be calledaway never so little, he must begin again.If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the schoolmen; for they are cymini sectores.If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers' cases.So every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.论学习弗朗西斯·培根王佐良译读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。
论学习
论学习培根(中英对照)：周冠中Of StudiesFrancis Bacon（1561-1626）弗朗西斯·培根Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgement and disposition of business.读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。
其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。
For ecpert and execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best form those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgement wholly by their rules, is the humour of a scholar.练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹，全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。
读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。
They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need proyning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience.读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接，而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。
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Of Studies by Francis Bacon
【译文】
一、王佐良译：
谈读书
读书足以怡情，足以搏彩，足以长才。
其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其搏彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。
练达之士虽能分别吃力细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。
读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。
读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接；而书种所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。
有一技之长鄙读书，无知者慕读书，唯明智之士用读书，然读书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。
读书时不可存心诘难作者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。
书有课浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。
换言之，有只须读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。
书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏，淡而无味矣。
读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。
因此不常做笔记者须记忆特强，不常讨论者须天生聪颖，不常读书者须欺世有术，始能无知而显有知。
读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，论理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辨：凡有所学，皆成性格。
人之才智但有滞碍，无不可读适当之书使之顺畅，一如身体百病，皆可借相宜之运动除之。
滚球利睾肾，射箭利胸肺，慢步利肠胃，骑术利头脑，诸如此类。
如智力不集中，可令读数学，盖演算须全神贯注，稍有分散即须重演；如不能辨异，可令读经院哲学，盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人；如不善求同，不善以一物阐证另一物，可令读律师之案卷。
如此头脑中凡有缺陷，皆有特药可医。
二、廖运范译文
论读书
读书能给人乐趣、文雅和能力。
人们独居或退隐的时候，最能体会到读书的乐趣；谈话的时候，最能表现出读书的文雅；判断和处理事务的时候，最能发挥由读书而获得的能力。
那些有实际经验而没有学识的人，也许能够一一实行或判断某些事物的细微末节，但对于事业的一般指导、筹划与处理，还是真正有学问的人才能胜任。
耗费过多的时间去读书便是迟滞，过分用学问自炫便是矫揉造作，而全凭学理判断一切，则是书呆子的癖好。
学问能美化人性，经验又能充实学问。
天生的植物需要人工修剪，人类的本性也需要学问诱导，而学问本身又必须以经验来规范，否则便太迂阔了。
技巧的人轻视学问，浅薄的人惊服学问，聪明的人却能利用学问。
因为学问本身并不曾把它
的用途教给人，至于如何去应用它，那是在学问之外、超越学问之上、由观察而获得的一种聪明呢！读书不是为着药辩驳，也不是要盲目信从，更不是去寻找谈话的资料，而是要去权衡和思考。
有些书只需浅尝，有些书可以狼吞，有些书要细嚼慢咽，漫漫消化。
也就是说，有的书只需选读，有的书只需浏览，有的书却必须全部精读。
有些书不必去读原本，读读它们的节本就够了，但这仅限于内容不大重要的二流书籍：否则，删节过的往往就像蒸馏水一样，淡而无味。
读书使人渊博，论辨使人机敏，写作使人精细。
如果一个人很少写作，他就需要有很强的记忆力；如果他很少辩论，就需要有机智；如果他很少读书，就需要很狡猾，对于自己不懂的事情，假装知道。
历史使人聪明，诗歌使人富于想象，数学使人精确，自然哲学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑学和修辞学使人善辩。
总之，读书能陶冶个性。
不仅如此，读书并且可以铲除一切心理上的障碍，正如适当的运动能够矫治身体上的某些疾病一般。
例如，滚球有益于肾脏；射箭有益于胸肺；散步有益于肠胃；骑马有益于头脑等等。
因此，假若一个人心神散乱，最好让他学习数学，因为在演算数学题目的时候，一定得全神贯注，如果注意力稍一分散，就必须得再从头做起。
假若一个人拙于辨别差异，就让他去请教那些演绎派的大师们，因为他们正是剖析毫发的人。
假若一个人心灵迟滞，不能举一反三，最好让他去研究律师的案件。
所以每一种心理缺陷，都有一种特殊的补救良方。
三、孙有中译文
论学习
学习可以作为消遣，作为装点，也可以增进才能。
其为消遣之用，主在独处、归休之时；为装点，则在高谈阔论之中；为才能，则在明辨是非、深谋远虑之间；因为专于一技者可以操持甚或判断一事一物，而唯有博学之士方能纵观全局，通权达变。
过度沉溺于学习是怠惰；国度炫耀学问是华而不实；食书不化乃书生之大疾。
学习可以完善天性，并通过经验得以完善自身；因为天生之才犹如天然之草木，尚需通过学习加以修整；而纸上学位未免空谈，除非由经验加以约束。
聪颖者鄙视学习，愚鲁者羡慕学习，明智者利用学习；学习本身并不教人如何运用；唯有观察可以带来超越学习的智慧。
读书不为争论长短，不为轻信盲从，也不为高谈阔论，而旨在衡情度理。
有些书可以浅尝辄止，有些书可以生吞，而有少数书应该细嚼慢咽，融会贯通；换言之，有些书可以阅读，但不必谨小慎微；而有少数书应该悉心通读，刻苦研习。
有些书可以请人代读，也可以读其节选；但这只限于那些不够重要的论述和粗制滥造的书籍；否则，经过提炼
的书犹如经过提炼的水一样，淡而无味。
读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人严谨；因此，假若一个人很少做笔记，那他需要有超人的记忆；假若他很少讨论，那他需要天资聪颖；而假若他很少读书，那他需要有充分的狡诈掩饰自己的无知。
读史使人明智，读诗使人聪颖，算数使人缜密，自然哲学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑与修辞使人善辨。
总之，学习造就性格；不尽如此，心智中任何障碍可以通过恰当的学习来疏通。
这正如身体尚的疾病可以通过恰当的锻炼来消除：滚球有益于腰肾，射箭有益于胸肺，慢步有益于肠胃，骑马有益于大脑，等等。
因此，假若有人甚至懒散，那就让他学习算术，因为在演算中，注意力稍有分散，他就必须从头做起；假若他的智慧不足以辨别差异，那就让他学习经院哲学家，因为他们善于吹毛求疵；而假若他不擅处理事务，不能触类旁通，那就让他学习律师的案例。
因此，心智上的每一种缺陷都可能有专门的药方。