翻译课Week 2

• 在Life is a journey一句中,life是本体;journey为喻体。按照 说话人和听话人的经验,喻体journey的联想意义可大致定为三 点:1·有始有终;2·有乐趣也有困难;3·最终达到目的地。这 三个联想意义投射到本体life上,使其获得相应的三个意义:1· 有开端有终结;2·有苦有乐,有悲有喜;3·具有目的性。由此得 出的隐喻意义是:人生是一个有始有终,有苦有乐,有悲有喜,具 有目的性的自然过程。
• run on V to continue without interruption
• run on a better schedule than others：更符合（死亡）时间
表的安排。该时间表存在于人间习俗之中，与宿命论中的“天 意”、“上天的安排”没有关系。
• 译文：如果“早逝”另有所指的话，那一定是人们相信，有些 人死得更合“时宜”，而另一些人则“死不逢时”。
业鼎盛时期而死的人。
• whose lives seemed equally brief and complete：此句为
MariLyn Monroe and James Deans的定语从句，翻译时可采用 分译法，即“此二人生命虽短，却依然完美无缺。” • 在诸多杰出的“英年早逝者”当中，我们不会忘记玛丽莲·梦 露与詹姆斯·迪恩斯。此二人生命虽短，却依然完美无缺。
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• The idea that the life cut short is unfulfilled is illogical because lives are measured by the impressions they leave on the world and by their intensity and virtue.
• Death in old age is rarely called untimely—a long life is thought to be a full one. But with the passing of a young person, one assumes that the best years lay ahead and the measure of that life was still to be taken. History denies this, of course.
这又是一个关于同位语翻译的句子，可以在the fact 前面加上“这个”、
“这座”等词语，即“约翰·济慈年方26便溘然长逝这一事实”；另外， 这个句子蕴涵的内容比较丰富，不可以用简单的一句话表达清楚，因此要 用增词法，即调整句子结构，补充隐含的内容，可翻译为“诗人约翰·济 慈26岁与世长辞，众多作家难以接受，半开玩笑地说，他们自己的生命即 便超过26岁，也不过失败二字。”
• That theory doesn’t hold water.
• 此句中“hold water”为动词性隐喻,其引伸意为“be capable of standing up the examination or testing”(经得起验证)。 • “那个理论站不住脚” 。
• 在英汉修辞比较中,隐喻的作用与特征大致相同，所以 一般情况下,在翻译隐喻时,也可采用直译法。
• a full one：圆满的一生。 • the best years lay ahead：根据上下文可以译为“才华尚未施展”。 • the measure of that life was still to be taken：意为生命价值有待
估量，可翻译为“前途无可限量”。
• 年迈去世很少被称作“早逝”，因为长寿就是圆满。反之，如果是年轻 人谢世，人们会认为这位年轻人才华尚未施展，前途无可限量。
• Among prominent summer deaths, one recalls those of MariLyn Monroe and James Deans, whose lives seemed equally brief and complete.
• Someone who is prominent is important and well-known. • summer deaths：英年谢世者；在风华正茂时死去的人；在事
• The world is an unweeded garden, That grows to seed…( W. Shakespeare Hamelet)
• 世间是一个荒芜不堪的花园,到处荆棘丛生……(莎士比亚《哈 姆雷特》)
• Jane’s uncle is an old fox, up to all kind of evils.
• 他着魔似的驾车狂奔。
• 烂醉如泥 • 挥金入土
• He drove as if possessed by the devil.
• As drunk as a lord
• To spend money like water
• 湿的象落汤鸡 • 雨后春笋
• As wet as a drowned rat • To spring up like mushroom
修辞格在英汉翻译中的应用
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Outline
1. Homework
2.修辞格在英汉翻译中的应用 3. Assignment
Homework
• If people mean anything at all by the expression “untimely death”, they must believe that some deaths run on a better schedule than others. Death in old age is rarely called untimely—a long life is thought to be a full one. But with the passing of a young person, one assumes that the best years lay ahead and the measure of that life was still to be taken. History denies this, of course. Among prominent summer deaths, one recalls those of MariLyn Monroe and James Deans, whose lives seemed equally brief and complete. Writers cannot bear the fact that poet John Keats died at 26, and only half playfully judge their own lives as failures when they pass that year. The idea that the life cut short is unfulfilled is illogical because lives are measured by the impressions they leave on the world and by their intensity and virtue.
• While we cannot close the gulf between us, we can try to bridge it so that we may be able to talk across it.
尽管我们不能填平我们之间的鸿沟，我们却可以设法架一座桥， 以便跨过这座桥来进行交谈。
• (1) Misfortunes never come single.
• 祸不单行。
• (2) Dawn was beginning to prowl about the sky and put out the stars.
• 黎明悄悄来临,星星暗淡无光。
• (3)风呼啸着穿过树林。 • The wind whistled through the trees.
隐喻
• 其基本特征可从英语的等同词metaphor的构成中体现出来。 Metaphor一词源于希腊语“metaphere”, “meta”意为“从一 边到另一边”,“phere”的意思是“传达、传送”,二者合一意 为用一个事物来表达另一事物,是一种“由此及彼”的运动,一 种转换。换言之,隐喻涉及两种事物,一个是出发点,另一个为目 的地。汉语有“喻体”与“本体”。一个完整的隐喻往往由“ 本体”和“喻体”两项构成,两个概念互相作用,激活日常观念 联想系统。喻体的某个特征,或称联想意义被投射到本体上,即 形成隐喻意义,隐喻意义在两者相互作用的过程中创造出来。
• If people mean anything at all by the expression “untimely death”, they must believe that some deaths run on a better schedule than others. • Untimely ADJ If you describe an event as untimely, you mean that it happened earlier than it should, or sooner than you expected. • E.g. His mother's untimely death had a catastrophic effect on him. • untimely death：早逝；早死；过早的死去。
Writers cannot bear the fact that poet John Keats died at 26, and 请在此输入您的标题
only half playfully judge their own lives as failures when they