2011年电子科技大学外国语学院359日语翻译基础[专业硕士]考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

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2014年国际关系学院外语学院359日语翻译基础[专业硕士]考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

2014年国际关系学院外语学院359日语翻译基础[专业硕士]考研真题及详解一、将下列词语翻译成汉语（每小题1分，总共15分)1．レアアース2．けじめをつける3．覚悟を持つ4．頭が下がる5．ハイエンド・フォーラム6．エコ工業パーク7．二桁台の伸び8．表敬訪問9．国連気候変動枠組み条約10．北京コンセンサス11．大局を見据える12．国際法や例に則った方法で行う13．無人探査車両を搭載する14．正義感から捨て身で人を助ける15．歴史に向き合い、未来を切り開く【答案】1．稀土2．划清界限，区分3．有心理准备4．佩服5．高端论坛6．生态工业园区7．两位数的增长8．礼节性拜访9．联合国气候变化框架公约10．北京共识11．着眼于大局12．做法符合国际法和国际惯例13．搭载无人驾驶探测车14．见义勇为15．正视历史，开创未来二、将下列词汇翻译成日语（每小题1分，总共15分）1．酒驾2．社会基础设施3．签字仪式4．文化软实力5．坚持以人为本的理念6．摸着石头过河7．把权利关进制度的笼子8．畅销书9．搜索引擎10．欠费11．二手房12．退休金13．执政党14．病毒15．车牌【答案】1．よっぱらい運転2．社会インフラ3．調印式4．文化ソフトパワー5．「人間本位」という理念を堅持する6．石橋を叩いて渡る7．権力を制度の檻に閉じ込める8．ベス卜セラー9．検索エンジン10．料金が不足している11．中古住宅12．年金13．与党14．ウイルス15．車のナンバープレート三、把以下的日语短文1翻译成汉语（每题30分）中国伝統の濃厚な家族主義的ムードにおいて、結婚することは、親を養い、家を継ぐという意味合いを持っていた。

しかし、変革期にある今の中国では、核家族への転換が進み、家族の軸が親子関係から夫婦関係にシフトしつつあり、夫婦双方の感情はいっそう個人重視の傾向にある。

残念なことに、このような新しい情勢に直面しても、若年夫婦は、職場で教育を受ける機会や現代の結婚観・家庭観と家庭経営術を教えてもらうチャンスがない。

【最新】2011年考研英语真题及答案完整解析

2011 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(一)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But __1___some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does __2___short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, ___3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__, a good laugh is unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.__6__, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the __7__, studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter__8___ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ___10___ feedback, that improve an individual’s emotional state. __11____one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted ____12___ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow. Although sadness also ____14___ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15___ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16___ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile –or with their lips, which would produce a(n) __17___ expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles ___18___ more exuberantly to funny cartons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, ____19___ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around __20__ , the physical act of laughter could improve mood.1．[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like2．[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce3．[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining4．[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe5．[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable6．[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief7．[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected8．[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes9．[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance10．[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal11．[A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for12．[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at13．[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because14．[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses15．[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond16．[A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold17．[A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent18．[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted19．[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing20．[A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]ConverselySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Ant hony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in theTimes, calls him “a n unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s choosing. The wi despread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert’s own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that diffe rence? Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America’s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.21. We learn from Par a.1 that Gilbert’s appointment has[A]incurred criticism.[B]raised suspicion.[C]received acclaim.[D]aroused curiosity.22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is[A]influential.[B]modest.[C]respectable.[D]talented.23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers[A]ignore the expenses of live performances.[B]reject most kinds of recorded performances.[C]exaggerate the variety of live performances.[D]overestimate the value of live performances.24. According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?[A]They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.[B]They are easily accessible to the general public.[C]They help improve the quality of music.[D]They have only covered masterpieces.25. Regarding Gilbert’s role in r evitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels[A]doubtful.[B]enthusiastic.[C]confident.[D]puzzled.Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision,” McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspira tions. And McGee isn’t alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don’t get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managerscautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:”I can’t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”Those who jumped without a job haven’t always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was it’s safer to stay where you are, but that’s been fundamentally inverted,” says one headhunter. “The people who’ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.”26.When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being[A]arrogant.[B]frank.[C]self-centered.[D]impulsive.27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives’ quitting may be spurred by[A]their expectation of better financial status.[B]their need to reflect on their private life.[C]their strained relations with the boards.[D]their pursuit of new career goals.28.The word “poached” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means[A]approved of.[B]attended to.[C]hunted for.[D]guarded against.29.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A]top performers used to cling to their posts.[B]loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.[C]top performers care more about reputations.[D]it’s safer to stick to the traditional rules.30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?[A]CEOs: Where to Go?[B]CEOs: All the Way Up?[C]Top Managers Jump without a Net[D]The Only Way Out for Top PerformersText 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid” media – such as television commercials and print advertisements –still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media , such marketers act as the initiator for users’ responses. But in some cases, one marketer’s owned media become another marketer’s paid media –for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend ,which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities tolearn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’ marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the company’s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.31.Consumers may create “earned” media when they are[A] obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.[C] eager to help their friends promote quality products.[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.32. According to Paragraph 2,sold media feature[A] a safe business environment.[B] random competition.[C] strong user traffic.[D] flexibility in organization.33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition.[D] deserve all the negative comments about them.34. Toyota Motor’s experience is cited as an example of[A] responding effectively to hijacked media.[B] persuading customers into boycotting products.[C] cooperating with supportive consumers.[D] taking advantage of hijacked media.35. Which of the following is the text mainly about ?[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media.[C] Dominance of hijacked media.[D] Popularity of owned media.Text 4It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful, provocative magazine cover story, “I love My Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter –nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampe n our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive – and newly single –mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing ? It doesn’t seem quite fair, then, to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wond er if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in theirlives.Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, single parents are the least happy of all. No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their “own” (read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.It’s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every wee k of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren’t in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a littl e bit like Jennifer Aniston.36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring[A]temporary delight[B]enjoyment in progress[C]happiness in retrospect[D]lasting reward37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that[A]celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip.[B]single mothers with babies deserve greater attention.[C]news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.[D]having children is highly valued by the public.38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks[A]are constantly exposed to criticism.[B]are largely ignored by the media.[C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities.[D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life.39.According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is[A]soothing.[B]ambiguous.[C]compensatory.[D]misleading.40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.[B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.[C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.[D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.Part BDirections:The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)[A] No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. You can, Mr Menand points out, became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.[B] His concern is mainly with the humanities: Literature, languages, philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should posses. But most find it difficult to agree on what a “general education” should look like. At Harvard, Mr Menand notes, “the great books are read because they have been read”-they form a sort of social glue.[C] Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanities subjects: English departments awarded more bachelor’s degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students requires fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of theses-writing, manyhumanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained.[D] One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they can cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts educations and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools. Many students experience both varieties. Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification.[E] Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation, top American universities have professionalised the professor. The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as 1969a third of American professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind professionalisation, argues Mr Menand, is that “the kn owledge and skills needed for a particular specialization are transmissible but not transferable.”So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge, but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.[F] The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr Menand, is to alter the way in which “the producers of knowledge are produced.”Otherwise, academics will continue to think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societies which they study, investigate and crit icize.”Academic inquiry, at least in some fields, may need to become less exclusionary and more holistic.”Yet quite how that happens, Mr Menand dose not say.[G] The subtle and intelligent little book T he Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something curious has been happening in American Universities, and Louis Menand, a professor of English at Harvard University, captured it skillfully.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)With its theme that “Mind is the master weaver,” creating our inner character and outer circumstances, the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing.(46) Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature.Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter, we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think one way and act another. However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind, and (47) while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that? ”Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire, Allen concluded : “ We do not attract what we want, but what we are.” Achievement happens because you as a person embody the external achievement; you don’t “ get” success but become it. There is no gap between mind and matter.\Part of the fame of Allen’s book is its contention that “Circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him.”(48) This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.This ,however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed. In fat, (49)circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation .Nevertheless, as any biographer knows, a person’s early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual.The sobering aspect of Alle n’s book is that we have no one else to blame for our present condition except ourselves. (50) The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now webecome authorities of what is possible.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51.Directions:Write a letter to a friend of yours to1) recommend one of your favorite movies and 2) give reasons for your recommendation Your should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the leter. User“LI MING” instead.Do not writer the address.(10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160---200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1)describe the drawing briefly,2)explai n it’s intended meaning, and3)give your comments.Your should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)旅程之“余”2011年考研英语一真题答案及详解Section I Use of English1-5 CDBBA 6-10 BADCA 11-15 BCDCB 16-20 DADAC1.C解析：语义逻辑题。

2014年电子科技大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

2014年电子科技大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解Part One Vocabulary [60 min] (1×30=30 points)Section A English To Chinese [30 min]Translate the following English terms into Chinese. Write your translation on Answer Sheet.1. FTZ (Free Trade Zone)【答案】自由贸易区2. ADIZ (Air Defense Identification Zone)【答案】防空识别区3. cost principle【答案】成本原则4. third-party custodians【答案】第三方托管5. foreign exchange reserve【答案】外汇储备6. blind date【答案】相亲7. departure gate 【答案】登机口8. Independence Day 【答案】独立日9. player of the year 【答案】年度最佳球员10. storm in a tea cup 【答案】大惊小怪11. smart phone 【答案】智能手机12. federal shutdown 【答案】联邦政府关闭13. World Heritage List【答案】世界遗产名录14. simultaneous interpreting【答案】同声传译15. cultural turn【答案】文化转向Section B Chinese to EnglishTranslate the following Chinese terms into English. Write your translation on Answer sheet.1. 信息共享平台【答案】information-sharing platform2. 核心竞争力【答案】core competitive power3. 春运【答案】Spring Festival travel rush4. 过境免签【答案】transit without visa5. 人才流失【答案】brain drain6. 合同违约【答案】breach of contract7. 退休金双轨制【答案】the dual system of pension8. 素质教育【答案】quality-oriented education9. 自主创业【答案】self-employed10. 申报个人财产【答案】declare/report personal assets11. 对口支援【答案】partner assistance12. 宜居城市【答案】livable city13. 律诗【答案】regulated verses14. 计算机辅助翻译【答案】computer-aided translation15. 音译【答案】transliterationPart Two Text (2x60=120 points)Section A English to ChineseTranslate the following English text into Chinese. Write your translation on Answer sheet.What is Poetry?Every truth which a human being can enunciate, every thought, even every outward impression, which can enter into his consciousness, may become poetry, when shown through any impassioned medium; when invested with the coloring of joy, or grief, or pity, or affection, or admiration, or reverence, or awe, or even hatredor terror; and, unless so colored, nothing, be it as interesting as it may, is poetry. Eloquence, as well as poetry, is impassioned truth; eloquence, as well as poetry, is thoughts colored by the feelings. A question will sometimes arise, whether some particular author is a poet; and those who maintain the negative commonly allow that, though not a poet, he is a highly eloquent writer.Poetry and eloquence are both alike the expression or utterance of feeling; but, if we may be excused the antithesis, we should say that eloquence is heard; poetry is overheard. Eloquence supposes an audience. The peculiarity of poetry appears to us to lie in the poet’s utter unconsciousness of a listener. Poetry is feeling confessing itself to itself in moments of solitude, and embodying itself in symbols which are the nearest possible representations of the feeling in the exact shape in which it exists in the poet s mind. Eloquence is feeling pouring itself out to other minds, courting their sympathy, or endeavoring to influence their belief, or move them to passion or to action.Poetry is the natural fruit of solitude and meditation; eloquence, of intercourse with the world. The persons who have most feeling of their own, if intellectual culture has given them a language in which to express it, have the highest faculty of poetry: those who best understand the feelings of others are the most eloquent. The persons and the nations who commonly excel in poetry are those whose character and tastes render them least dependent upon the applause or sympathy or concurrence of the world in general. Those to whom that applause, that sympathy, that concurrence, are most necessary, generally excel most in eloquence.。

大学历年考研真题-2011年考研英语试题及答案

2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as "a bodily exercise precious to health." But 1 some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does 2 short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, 3 heart rate and oxygen consumption. But because hard laughter is difficult to 4 , a good laugh is unlikely to have 5 benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.6 ,instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the7 . Studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter8 muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help 9 the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of 10 feedback, that improve an individual's emotional state. 11 one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted 12 physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry 13 they are sad but that they become sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also 14 tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow 15 muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of Würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to 16 a pen either with their teeth—thereby creating an artificial smile—or with their lips, which would produce a(n) 17 expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles 18 more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, 19 that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around. 20 , the physical act of laughter could improve mood. [289 words]1. [A] among [B] except [C] despite [D] like2. [A] reflect [B] demand [C] indicate [D] produce3. [A] stabilizing [B] boosting [C] impairing [D] determining4. [A] transmit [B] sustain [C] evaluate [D] observe5. [A] measurable [B] manageable [C] affordable [D] renewable6. [A] In turn [B] In fact [C] In addition [D] In brief7. [A] opposite [B] impossible [C] average [D] expected8. [A] hardens [B] weakens [C] tightens [D] relaxes9. [A] aggravate [B] generate [C] moderate [D] enhance10. [A] physical [B] mental [C] subconscious [D] internal11. [A] Except for [B] According to [C] Due to [D] As for12. [A] with [B] on [C] in [D] at13. [A] unless [B] until [C] if [D] because14. [A] exhausts [B] follows [C] precedes [D] suppresses15. [A] into [B] from [C] towards [D] beyond16. [A] fetch [B] bite [C] pick [D] hold17. [A] disappointed [B] excited [C] joyful [D] indifferent18. [A] adapted [B] catered [C] turned [D] reacted19. [A] suggesting [B] requiring [C] mentioning [D] supposing20. [A] Eventually [B] Consequently [C] Similarly [D] ConverselySection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1．(40 points)Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment n 2009．For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. "Hooray! At last!" wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert's appointment in the Times, calls him "an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him." As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. These recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today's live performances; moreover, they can be "consumed" at a time and place of the listener's choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert's own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into "a markedly different, more vibrant organization." But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestra's repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America's oldest orchestra and the new audience it hopes to attract.21.We learn from Paragraph 1 that Gilbert’s appointment has.[A] incurred criticism [B] raised suspicion[C] received acclaim [D] aroused curiosity22.Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is .[A] influential [B] modest[C] respectable [D] talented23.The author believes that the devoted concertgoers .[A] ignore the expenses of live performances[B] reject most kinds of recorded performances[C] exaggerate the variety of live performances[D] overestimate the value of live performances24.According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?[A] They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.[B] They are easily accessible to the general public.[C] They help improve the quality of music.[D] They have only covered masterpieces.25.Regarding Gilbert’s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels.[A] doubtful [B] enthusiastic[C] confident [D] puzzledText 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving "to pursue my goal of running a company." Broadcasting his ambition was "very much my decision," McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn't alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don't get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey: "I can't think of a single search I've done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first."Those who jumped without a job haven't always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade ago, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. "The traditional rule was it's safer to stay where you are, but that's been fundamentally inverted," says one headhunter. "The people who've been hurt the worst are those who've stayed too long."26.When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being .[A] arrogant [B] frank [C] self-centered [D] impulsive27.According to Paragraph 2, senior executives’ quitting may be spurred by.[A] their expectation of better financial status[B] their need to reflect on their private life[C] their strained relations with the boards[D] their pursuit of new career goals28.The word "poached" (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means .[A] approved of [B] attended to [C] hunted for [D] guarded against29.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that .[A] top performers used to cling to their posts[B] loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated[C] top performers care more about reputations[D] it’s safer to stick to the traditional rules30.Which of the following is the best title for the text?[A] CEOs: Where to Go?[B] CEOs: All the Way Up?[C] Top Managers Jump without a Net[D] The Only Way Out for Top PerformersText 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional "paid" media—such as television commercials and print advertisements—still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create "earned" media by willingly promoting it to friends, and a company may leverage "owned" media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the process of making purchase decisions means that marketing's impact stems from a broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media, such m arketers act as the initiator for users’ responses. But in some cases, one marketer's owned media become another marketer's paid media—for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend, which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the siteseem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’ marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the company's response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg. [443 words]31.Consumers may create "earned" media when they are .[A] obsessed with online shopping at certain Web sites[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them[C] eager to help their friends promote quality products[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products32.According to Paragraph 2, sold media feature .[A] a safe business environment [B] random competition[C] strong user traffic [D] flexibility in organization33.The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media .[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition[D] deserve all the negative comments about them34.Toyota Motor’s experience is cited as an example of.[A] responding effectively to hijacked media[B] persuading customers into boycotting products[C] cooperating with supportive consumers[D] taking advantage of hijacked media35.Which of the following is the text mainly about ?[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media.[C] Dominance of hijacked media.[D] Popularity of owned media.Text 4It's no surprise that Jennifer Senior's insightful, provocative magazine cover story, "I love My Children, I Hate My Life," is arousing much chatter—nothing gets people talking like thesuggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that "the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight."The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive — and newly single—mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual "Jennifer Aniston is pregnant" news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing? It doesn't seem quite fair, then, to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the childless. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn't have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, single parents are the least happy of all. No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their "own" (read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.It's hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it's interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren't in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting "the Rachel" might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston. [450 words]36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring .[A] temporary delight [B] enjoyment in progress[C] happiness in retrospect [D] lasting reward37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that .[A] celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip[B] single mothers with babies deserve greater attention[C] news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining[D] having children is highly valued by the public38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks .[A] are constantly exposed to criticism.[B] are largely ignored by the media.[C] fail to fulfill their social responsibilities.[D] are less likely to be satisfied with their life.39.According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is .[A] soothing [B] ambiguous.[C] compensatory [D] misleading.40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A] Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.[B] Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.[C] Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.[D] We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.Part BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41—45, you are required to reorganize those paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A—G to filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1．(10 points)[A] No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. You can, Mr. Menand points out, became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.[B] His concern is mainly with the humanities: literature, languages, philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should possess. But most find it difficult to agree on what a "general education" should look like. At Harvard, Mr. Menand notes, "the great books are read because they have been read"—they form a sort of social glue.[C] Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanities subjects: English departments awarded more bachelor's degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students require fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of thesis-writing, many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained.[D] One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts educations and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools. Many students experience both varieties. Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification.[E] Besides professionalising the professions by this separation, top American universities have professionalised the professor. The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960 and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as 1969 a third of American professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind professionalisation, argues Mr. Menand, is that "the knowledge and skills needed for a particular specialization are transmissible but not transferable. "So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge, but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.[F] The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr. Menand, is to alter the way in which "the producers of knowledge are produced."Otherwise, academics will continue to think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societies which they study, investigate and criticise. "Academic inquiry, at least in some fields, may need to become less exclusionary andmore holistic." Yet quite how that happens, Mr. Menand does not say.[G] The subtle and intelligent little book The Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something curious has been happening in American Universities, and Louis Menand, a professor of English at Harvard University, captures it skillfully.G → 41．→ 42．→ E → 43．→ 44．→ 45．Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2．(10 points)With its theme that "Mind is the master weaver," creating our inner character and outer circumstances, the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing.(46)Allen's contribution was to take an assumption we all share—that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts —and reveal its erroneous nature. Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter, we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think one way and act another. However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind, and (47)while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: "Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that?"Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire, Allen concluded: "We do not attract what we want, but what we are." Achievement happens because you as a person embody the external achievement; you don’t "get" success but become it. There is no gap between mind and matter.P art of the fame of Allen’s book is its contention that "Circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him."(48)This seems a justification for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.This, however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed. In fact, (49)circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been "wronged" then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation. Nevertheless, as any biographer knows, a person’s early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual.The sobering aspect of Allen's book is that we have no one else to blame for our present condition except ourselves. (50)The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51.Directions:Write a letter to a friend of yours to1)recommend one of your favorite movies and2)give reasons for your recommendationYou should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2．Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1)describe the drawing briefly,2)explain its intended meaning, and3)give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2．(20 points)2011年全真试题答案Section ⅠUse of English1.C2.D3.B4.B5.A6.B7.A8.D9.C 10.A45．B 12.C 13.D 14.C 15.B 16.D 17.A 18.D 19.A 20.CSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart AText 1 21.C 22.B 23.D 24.B 25.AText 2 26.B 27.D 28.C 29.A 30.CText 3 31.D 32.C 33.B 34.A 35.AText 4 36.C 37.D38.A 39.D 40.BPart B41.B 42.D 43.A 44.C 45.FPart C46．艾伦的贡献在于，他拿出“我们并非机器人，因此能掌控自己的思想”这一公认的假设，并揭示了其谬误所在。

成都电子科技大学日语翻译基础2011-2016年考研初试真题+答案

电子科技大学2016年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题359 日语翻译基础注：无机读卡，所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。

一、次の“＿＿＿＿”線部の言葉を中国語に訳しなさい。

（15点）1.運転は初心者とみえ、ハンドルを堅く握り締めて運転する。

2.あたりは、水を打ったように静まり返っている。

3.そんな生ぬるいやりかたではまるで二階から目薬だ。

4.各国のメーカーは同じ土俵で相撲をとらなければならなくなった。

5.目の届くいたるところに伸子の愛好する爽やかな新緑の濃淡がかがやいていた。

6.彼は小箱を拾って、腹掛けの丼の中へほうり込んだ。

箱は軽かった。

7.荒川にあった船宿も今では店を閉めてしまい、川辺にはいっそうの船も見当たらない。

8.翌朝、空は目覚めるほど、青かった。

太陽がまばゆく雪の上に反射する。

9.大きく毟ったため、ダチョウの足の、その部分の骨が丸出しになってしまった。

10.お前にひとついいことを教えてやる……感じたこと全部をわざわざ口に出す必要はないんだよ。

誰もが心の中で思っているだけならば、世界は平和だ。

11.私はスリッパの音を忍ばせて、二、三歩、階段のほうへ歩みかけた。

12.彼はこつこつと作品を作り続けているが、いつかその価値を認める人が出てくるだろうか。

13.どんなに苦労が多く辛い毎日でも、生きているうちが幸せなのであって、死んでしまったら元も子もない。

14.十分な装備を持たずに冬山に登るなど、無謀と言うほかはない。

15.桜が咲き始めると、その公園にはお花見の人はぞくぞくと詰め掛けた。

二、次の“＿＿＿＿”線部の言葉を日本語に訳しなさい。

（15点）1. 我见他失魂落魄的样子，真有点嫉妒这些笔下的人物。

2．古老的丝绸之路3．随随便便辞掉与人的约会是失礼的。

4．人们的生活质量越来越高，各种健身讲座班犹如雨后春笋般地涌现出来。

5．我国进一步放宽了商业、银行、保险和旅游等服务业对外商投资的限制。

2011年北二外日语翻译硕士考研真题分析

育明教育【温馨提示】现在很多小机构虚假宣传，育明教育咨询部建议考生一定要实地考察，并一定要查看其营业执照，或者登录工商局网站查看企业信息。

目前，众多小机构经常会非常不负责任的给考生推荐北大、清华、北外等名校，希望广大考生在选择院校和专业的时候，一定要慎重、最好是咨询有丰富经验的考研咨询师！2014年翻译硕士硕士考研推荐必看教材《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》叶子南著，2001年，清华大学出版社。

《英译中国现代散文选》张培基（三册中至少一册）《百科知识考点精编与真题解析》，光明日报出版社，2013年版《翻译硕士常考词汇精编》，育明教育主编，2013年版《英汉翻译简明教程》庄绎传著，2002年，外语教学与研究出版社。

育明教育给11年准备北二外日语MTI的同学们做个参考：1）翻译硕士日语词汇：汉字标音；日翻中；中翻日（印象最深的是しんらばんしょ、野点）选择：成语选择；语法阅读：好像是2篇作文：好像是关于私家车与环境的2）日语翻译基础片假名翻译：オクション、シティ・バンク、グランドキャニオン、ベネチア、デトロイト词汇日翻中：東証、安保理、執行猶予、古人献金、食品偽装词汇中翻日：曼哈顿，泡沫经济，斑马线，联合公报，慕尼黑，沃尔玛，丁宠夫妇，白奴，半糖主义，黄牛缩略语：ASEAN,UNESCO,OPEC。

(共10个)这项没有记，凭记忆就知道这几个，可做参考。

文章日翻中：1篇，概要内容：通过《一杯のかけそば》引发对日本泡沫经济的一些想法，最后给出了自己的建议。

感觉要翻好不是很容易。

文章中翻日：1篇，关于中日友好的一篇政治发言稿，用词很政治......3）汉语写作与百科知识百科知识25个选择题应用文写作一段应用文体文章，约450个汉字命题作文一篇800汉字的现代汉语文章此科目严格按照考纲要求出题。

·百科范围涵盖很广，文学，历史，政治，生物，涉及方方面面，但还好是选择。

·应用文：自我介绍·命题作文：我看＂大学生就业难＂。

2011年全国各大高校翻译硕士MTI考研真题全集(30页内容精华)

英语翻译基础(rachellin/eddyrainy)：Cancun conference 2010 UN security council 千年发展计划雷曼兄弟国家一二五计划上海合作组织美联储1.Cancun Conference 20102.G203.Confucius4.Gaza Strip5.3R economy6.Bogor Goals7.the UN Security 8.quantitative easing 9. WTO 10.Reforestation汉译英1.循环经济2.雷曼兄弟3.天人合一4.《国富论》5.千禧年发展计划6.货币战争7.上海合作组织8.国家十二五计划9.朝核危机10.2011南开大学翻译硕士汉语写作与百科知识第一部分25道百科，每题2分靖国神社钓鱼岛夏威夷《日美安保条约》二十国美联储全球金融安全网量化宽松货币政策人民币汇率政策金砖四国居民消费价格指数存款储备金率同比上证综合指数世博会亚洲运动会环保低碳生活新理念金靴奖世界足联辛亥革命国台办君主专制制度杜尚别上合组织中俄战略伙伴关系2011南开大学翻译硕士翻译基础第一部分，30个词的英汉互译CPUNGOPhDGREOEMUFOFOBUKVIPAIDSCEOAir FranceIT industryAmerica Stock ExchangeUnited Nation Peacekeeping Forces恐怖主义世界博览会自治区宏观调控公共卫生体系综合国力科学发展观商业贿赂平等互利出口退税自主创新生态环境保护西部大开发自然资源私营经济2011年山东大学翻译硕士真题回顾(sjuan2011)汉语写作与百科知识一，25个名词解释法家，解构，解蔽，五脏六腑，殷墟，和而不同，印象主义，逻辑中心主义，为艺术而艺术，狂飙突进运动，全球经济一体化，贸易条约与协定，自由，人权，产权，智慧，法理，理念，2011年浙江大学翻译硕士真题回顾(羽之殇)第一大题翻译词语共30个WTO（旅游类）FIT（旅游类）punch （新闻类）[size=-1]The New York Review of Books （新闻类）spinster（法律类）defendant（法律类）lump-sum contracteconomic giantsex worker港龙航空中国国际航空公司中国人民广播电台保税工厂进口税美食家《石头记》《阿Q正传》东汉吐鲁番市道家2011年河南大学翻译硕士真题回顾(kevinforest)百科：第一部分名词解释，20个，50分文艺复兴、启蒙运动、一战、二战、人文主义、人道主义、世界银行、国际货币基金组织、伏尔泰、马克思、世贸组织、理性、国际贸易组织、唯物主义、无神论2011四川大学翻译硕士（felicehappy31）百科新青年新文化运动胡适狂人日记欧洲文艺复兴工业革命但丁米开朗基罗存款准备金利率贸易顺差外商直接投资宏观调控世博会上海世博会知识产权民商法翻译基础解释的词有IOC CAAC CPPCC NBA UNEP FBI purchasing power parity "三农"工作伪娘大规模杀伤性武器易经京都议定书经济适用房中国达人秀 African Union Fannie Mae& Freddie Mac MDGs 亚运会可再生资源第十一届全国人民代表大会第三次会议2011年首都师范大学翻译硕士真题回顾(KevinDurant)名词翻译英汉： currency appreciation/ the book of songs/ NPC / the divine comedy/汉英：少数民族地区 / 股市指数 / 国际法主体 / 国际法准则 / 素质教育 / 公务员 /网络空间/【翻译基础】低保国家主权和领土完整农副产品加工中东和平进程科教兴国节能减排低碳经济法治社会migrant rural laborsweapons of massive destructioninternational practiceglobal warmingbrain drainGDP ASEAN山东师范大学翻译基础：第一题 15个英翻汉的短语术语记得有：demographic statistics stamp duty ozone layer war correspondent Byzantine art energy conservation international protocol job intermediary interlingual translation game theory functional equivalence15个汉翻英的短语术语记得有：领土完整养老基金国际惯例急救站反倾销原油记者招待会房地产勇于创新分期付款贸易技术壁垒英语翻译基础the Authorized Version; flesh and blood;a wet blanket; puppy love;the Analects; contact lenses;crime police; proof positive;track and field; child's play;danger money; pull sb's leg; in for a penny,in for a pound; real economy.between the devil and the deep blue sea;汉译英音译；国内生产总值；八折优惠；左上角；淡酒；老于世故的人；硬性推销；天道酬勤；隔墙有耳；三三两两；耐用消费品；招领启事；拦路虎；可持续发展；新兴市场国家Diesel oil 、 border defence 、 odd number 、 lyrical poem 、 congnitive psychology 、UNESCO 、WTO 、 A Midsummer Night‘s dream 、 Trade show 、 environmental Justice 、inverse translation 、 CIF 、Black Europe 、 Symphony orchestra 、 Armistice Day东盟、残奥会、廉租房、钓鱼岛、公务用车、不可抗力、论文答辩、再生能源、人均排放、实体经济、第三产业、包容性增长、野生动物园、（世博会）展馆、《与台湾关系法》（美国）中国海洋大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试模拟试题一、百科知识启蒙运动法国革命马赛曲1.美国独立宣言 1787年费城制宪会议美国联邦制度（6分）2.市场经济公平效率（6分）3.印欧语系日耳曼语族诺曼征服现代英语（8分）4.论语老子佛教（6分）5.社会保险新医改扩大内需（6分）6.碳排放温室效应清洁能源（6分）7.好莱坞美国电影学院奖艾美奖（6分）8.进化论达尔文社会达尔文主义（6分）2012广东外语外贸大学百科知识第一段据香港《文汇报》报道，在第61届的（1）法兰克福书展中，（2）Google 表示有意透过Goolge Books计划，将数以百万计的书籍电子化，供读者在网上阅读。

2013年电子科技大学外国语学院359日语翻译基础[专业硕士]考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

二、次の言葉を日本語に訳しなさい。（15 点）
1.DNA
2.EU
3.地球暖
4.下载
5.跨文化交际
6.贸易顺差
7.链接
8.泡沫经济
9.可持续开发
10.高新区
11.越南
12.硬盘
13.核电站
14.如虎添翼
15.己所不欲，勿施于人
【答案】
1.遺伝子
2.欧州連合
3.地球温暖化
5.異文化コミュニケーション
6.輪出超過
と大鵬がそろって横綱昇進を決めた舞台である。「柏鵬時代」を告げるその場所で、両雄を押し出した猛者がいた。突貫小僧と呼ばれた小結、前田川だ。彼の殊勲が語り継がれる理由がもう一つある。柏鵬以外に全敗したことだ。伸び盛りとの対戦に精根を使い果たしたような 2 勝 13 敗。前田川は後年、「十両に落ちずに年 59 敗」という妙な記録も残した。長い相撲史は珍談奇聞に満ちる。九州場所の日馬富土は、記録と記憶の両方に刻まれよう。新横綱への期待を裏切る 9 勝 6 敗。クンロクは弱い大関を腐す言葉で、およそ最高位の星ではない。終盤の 5 連敗も新横綱では例がないという。反射神経に任せた日馬富士の取りロは、サーカスの味である。九州でも、綱渡りの土俵際に審判が「勝負あり」と勘違いし、相撲を止めてしまう珍事が起きた。速さは魅力でも、ドタバタは最高位にそぐわない。慣れない土俵入りのストレスもあったはずだ。本人は「いい勉強になった」と強がるが、勉強はひと場所限りと願いたい。綱の重さに耐えながら、23 度目の優勝を飾った白鵬の大きさを思う。51 年前、大鵬と柏戸が新横綱で迎えたのも九州場所だった。前者は 13 勝 2 敗で連覇、後者も 12 勝 3 敗と食い下がった。横綱の 12 勝は最低限の務めだろう。もはや降格は許されず、負けが込めば辞めるしかない。白い綱の冷感がしみる、非情な地位である。

2014年电子科技大学359日语翻译基础考研真题

电子科技大学2014年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题359 日语翻译基础注：所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上均无效。

一、次の言葉を中国語に訳しなさい。

（15点）1.コンサート2.サラリーマン3.リサイクル4.レジャー5.アニメ6.枕詞7.掛詞8.物の哀れ9.侘び10.寂11.改札口12.残業13.相槌14.言わぬが花15.対岸の火事二、次の言葉を日本語に訳しなさい。

（15点）1. 棘手2．乌龙茶3．受欢迎4．闪电5．薪给6．拥堵7．主要项目8．身体状况9．暧昧10．酷暑11．雨后春笋12、良药苦口13、隔墙有耳14．不知所措15．温故知新三、次の文章を中国語に訳しなさい。

（60点）1、一夜の木枯らしにざくろの葉は散りつくした。

その葉は、ざくろの木の下の土を円く残して、そのまわりに落ちていた。

雨戸をあけた紀美子は、ざくろの木が裸になったのにも驚いたが、葉がきれいな円を描いて落ちているのも不思議だった。

風に散り乱れそうなものだった。

このざくろの実も、落ち葉に円くかこまれた庭土も、凛と強くて紀美子は庭に出ると、竹ざおでざくろの実を取った。

熟しきっていた。

盛り上がる実の力で張り裂けるように割れていた。

縁に置くと、粒粒が日に光り、日の光は粒々を透き通った。

2、「旧暦八月十七日の晩に、おらは酒飲んで早く寝た。

」おおい、おおいと向こうで呼んだ。

起きて小屋から出てみたら、お月様はちょうどお空のてっぺんだ。

おらは急いで舟出して、向こうの岸に行ってみたらば、紋付を着て刀をさし、袴を履いたきれいな子供だ。

たった一人で、白緒のぞうりも履いていた。

わたるかといったら、頼むといった。

子供は乗った。

舟が真ん中ごろに来たとき、おらは見ないふりをしてよく子供を見た。

きちんと膝に手を置いて、空を見ながら座っていた。

お前さん今からどこへ行く、どこから来たって聞いたらば、子供はかわいい声で答えた。

そこの笹田のうちに、ずいぶん長く居たけれど、もう飽きたから外へ行くよ。

2011年西南大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

2011年西南大学外国语学院357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I.Phrase Translation1.Translate the following English terms or phrases into Chinese(15points) (1)population census【答案】人口普查(2)cyber opinion【答案】网络舆论(3)marital autonomy【答案】婚姻自主权(4)global economic imbalances【答案】全球经济失衡(5)scientific literacy【答案】科学素养(6)paternity test【答案】亲子鉴定(7)opening game【答案】揭幕战(8)defending champion【答案】卫冕冠军(9)UN climate change conference【答案】联合国气候变化大会(10)Six-Party talks【答案】六方会谈(11)Asian Para Games【答案】亚洲残疾人运动会(12)ECFA【答案】两岸经济合作架构协议(Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement)(13)WHO【答案】世界卫生组织(World Health Organization)(14)ISO【答案】国际标准化组织(International Standard Organization)(15)PICC【答案】中国人民财产保险股份有限公司(People's Insurance Company of China)2.Translate the following Chinese terms or phrases into English(15points) (16)弱势群体【答案】vulnerable groups(17)城市竞争力【答案】urban competitiveness(18)房产税【答案】housing property tax(19)合同违约【答案】breach of contract(20)现场招聘【答案】on-site recruiting(21)廉租房【答案】low-rent housing(22)流动人口【答案】migrant population(23)社会保障体系【答案】social security system(24)贫富差距【答案】economic inequality(25)基本国情【答案】fundamental realities of the country(26)低碳经济【答案】low carbon economy(27)个人财产申报【答案】personal asset declaration(28)产业结构调整【答案】industrial restructuring(29)孔子学院【答案】Confucius Institute(30)清明节【答案】Tomb-sweeping DayII.Passage Translation1.Translate the following passage into Chinese(60points)Intelligent life on a planet comes of age when it first works out the reason for its own existence.If superior creatures from space ever visit earth,the first question they will ask,hi order to assess the level of our civilization,is:“Have they discovered evolution yet?”Living organisms had existed on earth,without ever knowing why,for over three thousand million years before the truth finally dawned on one of them.His name was Charles Darwin.To be fair,others had had inklings of the truth,but it was Darwin who first put together a coherent and tenable account of why we exist.Darwin made it possible for us to give a sensible answer to the curious child whose question heads this chapter.We no longer have to resort to superstition when faced with the deep problems:Is there a meaning to life?What are we for?What is man?After posing the last of these questions,the eminent zoologist G.G.Simpson put it thus:“The point I want to make now is that all attempts to answer that question before1859are worthless and that we will bebetter off if we ignore them completely.”Today the theory of evolution is about as much open to doubt as the theory that the earth goes round the sun,but the full implications of Darwin’s revolution have yet to be widely realized.Zoology is still a minority subject in universities,and even those who choose to study it often make their decision without appreciating its profound philosophical significance.Philosophy and the subjects known as “humanities”are still taught almost as if Darwin had never lived.No doubt this will change in time.In any case,this book is not intended as a general advocacy of Darwinism.Instead,it will explore the consequences of the evolution theory for a particular issue.My purpose is to examine the biology of selfishness and altruism.Apart from its academic interest,the human importance of this subject is obvious.It touches every aspect of our social lives,our loving and hating,fighting and cooperating,giving and stealing,our greed and our generosity.These claims could have been made by numerous books before,however their authors got it totally and utterly wrong.They got it wrong because they misunderstood how evolution works.They made the erroneous assumption that the important thing in evolution is the good of the species(or the group)rather than the good of the individual(or the gene).【参考译文】当行星上的智慧生物开始思索自身存在的道理时，他才算成熟。

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2011年电子科技大学外国语学院359日语翻译基础[专业硕士]考研真题及详解
一、请把下列划线“___”部分的词语翻译汉语。

（1×15=15分）
1.その問題について検討していただきたい。

翻译：
2.そういうことで、あなたは私を支える権利がどこにあります！
翻译：
3.彼らは自分の行動に無関心です。

翻译：
4.それまで暮らしたのはこの街で、戦災にも焼け残った古い街が好きだったが、夫は自分で探した家をその場で決めてきた。

翻译：
5.地域の特性にフィットしたノウハウとタフネスさを誇る設計です。

翻译：
6.アパートのベランダの手すりに赤いリボンを結ぶつけておく。

翻译：
7.人間は空気中に炭酸ガスが増えてもそれを感知する能力は持っていない。

翻译：
8.それが単なる口実に過ぎなかったことは宿屋に着くとすぐ彼が元気になったことでも
明らかになった。

翻译：
9.さらにただの平凡医者ではなかったことは、二人の長州藩の医者が手付けようがなかっ
たこの重傷に対して見事に一命を取り留めさせたことで分かる。

翻译：
10.私はしばらく息ができないほど笑い、涙でアイランドがとけて狸になっていた。

翻译：
11.頭からすっぽりと頭巾のついた黒っぽい外套を着て、雪まみれになって、口から白い
気息をむらむらと吐き出すその姿
翻译：
12.子供たちは急にいきいきとした目つきになり、今までなんとなく気が引けて片隅で小
さくなっていた浜を、全裸の姿で誰にはばかることなく走り回りだす。

翻译：
13.彼は窓外を流れ去っていく麦畑を見るともなしに眺めながら、……。

翻译：
14.逆にプレゼントに頰をゆるめていた女友達もいる。

彼女はきれいな小さなイヤリング
を見せてくれた。

翻译：
15.このオッファーは抱き合わせオッファーですから、価格も数量も特別な配慮をしたわ
けです。

翻译：
【答案】
1.研究，探讨
2.阻挡
3.不以为然
4.战火洗礼过的
5.坚固性
6.阳台
7.二氧化碳
8.借口
9.束手无策10.笑得喘不过气11.呼哧呼哧12.胆怯，羞涩
13.心不在焉地望着14.笑逐颜开15.照顾
二、请把下列划线“___”部分的词语翻译成日语。

（1×15=15分）
1.如今尽管和她没有直接的关系，但毋宁说我对她这个人本身就似乎有一种排拒感。

翻译：
2.大批观光游客，来到这深秋的古城寻求心灵的安逸。

翻译：
3.用火盆里的炭火烤着那天下午洗过的还没有干透的布袜。

翻译：
4.撒雪片似地挥霍辛辛苦苦积攒下来的钱。

翻译：
5.他感到工作无趣，没有施展才华的余地。

翻译：
6.乌龟一游，水面上反照出来的亮晃晃的水影就在干巴巴的石头上晃动。

翻译：
7.公害不仅持续不断地破坏自然，而且还污染了人们的心灵。

翻译：
8.他脸色苍白，浮肿，眼圈发黑，眨巴着充血十分明显的眼睛。

翻译：
9.海面上白帆逐渐增多，沿海的白色道路日渐喧闹。

翻译：
10.全城掩映在一片绿荫之中，那份完美，那份宁静，催人无限地遐思。

翻译：
11.我这时突然感到一种异样的感觉，觉得他满身灰尘的后影,刹时高大了。

翻译：
12.人类自来就是利用它来从反复无常的大自然的威胁中巧妙地保护自己。

翻译:
13.两个孩子紧紧地拉着手、蹑手蹑脚地沿着声音的方向走去一看……。

翻译：
14.读书——这种乍看似乎近似于消遣的行为，之所以值得我们毫不吝惜地割舍短暂人生的
珍贵时间，其主要原因就在于此。

翻译：
15.人的个人生活，有时由于偶然的一点小事，就象陷入纵横交错的虚线之中而挣扎着。

那
是一个不知会在何时何地设在那里的神秘莫测的陷阱。

翻译：
【答案】
1.反発
2.安らぎ
3.乾ききらなかった
4.無駄遣い
5.余地
6.揺れる
7.汚す
8.しょぼつく
9.日増しに10.限りない11.埃まみれ12.気まぐれ
13.こっそりと14.惜しみなく15.不条理の陥穽
三、请把下列文章翻译成汉语。

（30×2=60分）
1遥かの山の空はまだ夕焼けの名残りの色がほのかだったから、窓ガラス越しに見る風
景は遠くの方までものの形は消えてはいなかった。

しかし色はもう失われてしまっていて、どこまで行っても平凡な野山の姿が尚更平凡に見え、何ものも際立って注意を惹きようがないゆえに、かえって何かぼうっと大きい感情の流れであった。

無論それは娘の顔をその中に浮かべていたからである。

姿が写る部分だけは窓の外が見えないけれども、娘の輪郭のまわりを絶えず夕景色が動いているので、娘の顔も透明のように感じられた。

しかし、ほんとうに透明かどうかは、顔の裏を流れてやまぬ夕景色が顔の表を通るかのように錯覚されて、見極める時がつかめないのだった。

译文：
【参考译文】
夕阳残照依然挂在远方山上的天空，透过窗玻璃，远处的风景尚依稀可辩。

但是，原本的色彩已经消失殆尽，目力所及，山野显得愈加平庸无奇，所有的一切都让人趣味索然。

在这淡然的感觉之中，潜流着一股巨大的感情的旋涡。

无庸赘言，它因着与夕阳晚照相映成趣的姑娘的面容。

尽管窗玻璃上的身影遮蔽了窗外的视线，但是夕阳的景致在她身影的周围跃动，使人感觉姑娘的面孔仿佛是透明的。

这种透明的感觉是缘于夕阳的景致与面孔形成影像重叠，在面孔的深层里不停地流动，使人产生是在姑娘的面孔表面流动的错觉，难以分辨。

2天城の雪
朝まだ眠っていた間に静かな雨が降っていた。

久しぶりの雨であった。

日ごと吹き続けていた激しい風がやんで、しっとりと儒れた梢を見れば、いかにも山の湯らしい気分をしみじみ感じさせられるのであった。

しばらく聞かなかった小鳥の声さえ、今朝は軒ちかく落ちついている。

近くの柴山には淡い霧が漂っている。

なんとなしに春がきたような暖かさである。

わたくしは、ふと天城を見た。

そこには真っ白な雪が谷を埋めていた。

今朝の雨が、天城では雪になったのであった。

木の深いところだけが黒く取り残されて、木の浅いところや、草山になっているあたりは、すっかり雪に覆われてしまった。

それが里近くになるにつれて草山を登っている道のみがはっきりと白く雪をあらわしているところもある。

雪に包まれた天城は昨日とは見違えるほどに尊くも、さびしく、高くも思われる。

.
確かに雪をいただく山を見れば、私自身の魂までが遥かな世界に還ってゆくような気がする。

译文:
【参考译文】
天城山的雪
清晨，当我还在熟睡之际，外边下起了静静的细雨。

好久没有下雨了，平常日子天天刮得很猛的狂风也停了下来，望着那湿漉漉的树梢，仿佛使人觉得恰似置身于山的浴池之中。

清晨，从屋檐处传来了小鸟的鸣叫声，就连这鸟鸣也显得分外悠闲。

附近矮树丛生的山上漂浮着淡淡的晨雾，天气暖洋洋的，总好象春天到来了似的。

我蓦然抬首朝天城山望去，原来白雪填满了那里的沟壑，今晨的细雨，在天城山那里已变成了白雪，只有树木茂密之处仍留下处处黑影，而那些树木稀疏或是野草丛生的山坡则己被皑皑白雪覆盖得严严实实，随着山村的临近，只有在那通往杂草丛生的矮山的山道上，残留着清清楚楚地显露出白雪痕迹之处。

银装素裹的天城山与昨日相比，迥然不同，似乎给人一种神圣、孤寂与高大的感觉。

遥望那白雪覆盖的群山，我仿佛觉得就连自己的灵魂也似乎回到了那遥远的世界。

四、请把下列文章翻译成日语。

（30×2=60分）
1我用双手抱着这只鸟，把它带回了家，并决心一定帮它恢复健康……。

可是，它完全误解了我的好意。

在我给它治疗的过程中，它一直不断地从我的腿中间，发出大雁在秋天深夜飞过天空时的那种叫声。

译文：
【参考译文】
私はどうしてもこの鳥を丈夫にしてやろうと決心して、それを両手に抱えて家へ持って帰りました……。

ところが彼は私の親切を極端に誤解して、私の治療が終わってしまうまで、私の股の間からは、あの秋の夜更けに空を渡る雁の声が類りに聞こえたのです。

2冬季的日暮
山谷里的日影消失得很早，暮色已垂，四周冷冰冰的。

在这茫茫的暮色里，夕阳映照在积雪上，远处的群山仿佛显得近了许多似的。

接下来，随着群山各自的远近高低不同，则形成了各式各样的阴影，待到仅剩淡淡的夕阳照射的峰顶时，积满白雪的峰顶上则会晚霞如画，而那稀疏地生长在山村的河岸边、滑雪场、神社等处的杉树林，此则黒糊糊地越发显得突出。

译文：
【参考译文】
冬の夕暮れ
山峡は日陰となるのが早く、もう寒々と夕暮色が垂れていた。

そのほの暗さのために、まだ西日が雪に照る遠くの山々は、すうっと近づいてきたようであった。

やがて山それぞれの遠近や高低につれて、さまざまの襞や陰を深めていき、峰にだけ淡い日向を残すころになると、頂の雪の上は夕焼空であった。

村の川岸、スキー場、社など、ところどころに散らばる杉木立が黒々と目立ちだした。