英汉对照分子生物学导论 Chapter 2 Nucleic acids

deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA )
ribonucleic acid
( RNA )
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Phosphodiester bond / 磷酸二酯键
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Three prime end and
five prime end 三一撇末端 与 五一撇末端
Sugar-phosphate backbone / 糖-磷酸骨架
No change !
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It must beHale Waihona Puke Baidustable / 它必须是稳定的
Age: 15
Age: 45 Age: 75
No change !
No change !
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3. It must have some capacity for change 3．它必须具有容忍变化的能力
DNA对光的吸收
ssDNA
λ= 260nm
dsDNA
λ= 260nm
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Now showing Macromolecules – Nucleic Acids
File: biophoto7 \ Life \ Macromoleculs – Nucleic Acids (3’)
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2.2.1 Nucleotides / 2.2.1 核苷酸
N-glycosidic bond
Nucleotides are composed of three parts: 1) a nitrogenous base, 2) a sugar, and 3) a triphosphate.
Negative charges
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Nucleosome / 核小体
Chapter 7
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2.2.3 Structure of DNA / 2.2.3 DNA的结构
Hydrogen bonds
Double-stranded DNA
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Base pair / 碱基对
2.4 细胞中的DNA
2.5 RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)
2.5 RNA（核糖核酸）
2.6 Experiments
2.6 实验研究
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2.1 Properties of a Genetic Material
1. It must be able to hold information for how to make proteins.
Complementary base pairs
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Antiparallel DNA strands 反向平行的DNA链
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The DNA double Helix / DNA双螺旋
2 nanometers
Base stacking
1 turn = 10 bases = 3.4 nanometers
2. It must be stable. 3. It must have some
capacity for change. 4. It must be able to be
copied.
1. 它必须能够保持如 何生产蛋白质的信 息。
2. 它必须是稳定的。 3. 它必须具有容忍变
化的能力。 4. 它必须能够被复制。
NH2 65 1N
7 N
8
O
O
O
2 N 4 N9 3
5’ O-―P―O―P―O―P―O―CH2
O
O-
O-
O- HC
4’
CH 1’
CH 3’
CH 2’
OH OH
Adenosine-5’-triphosphate 腺嘌呤核苷-5’-三磷酸
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2.2.2 General Structure of Nucleic Acids 2.2.2 核酸的一般结构
Nucleic acids: the information carrier
Information for making proteins is stored in nucleic acids.
Nucleic acids (mainly DNA)
Proteins
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Chapter 2 Nucleic acids
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It must have some capacity for change 它必须具有容忍变化的能力
MUTAtiOn
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4. It must be able to be copied 4．它必须能够被复制
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2.2 Nucleic Acids and DNA structure 2.2 核酸与DNA结构
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1) Nitrogenous base / 含氮碱基
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2) Sugar / 糖
No oxygen here !
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Ribonucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides 核糖核苷酸 与 脱氧核糖核苷酸
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3) Triphosphate / 三磷酸
Minor groove
Major groove
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Denaturation of DNA / DNA变性
1.4
1.3 Relative absorbance 1.2 at 260nm
1.1
Tm
1.0 65
70 75 80 85 90 Temperature
95
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Light absorbance by DNA
2.3 DNA as the Genetic Material 2.3 DNA作为遗传物质
DNA Protein
Store information
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1. It must be able to hold information for
how to make proteins 1．它必须能够保持如何生产蛋白质的信息
2. It must be stable / 2．它必须是稳定的
Lizard: 1,000,000 B.C.
Lizard: 2008 A.D.
2.1 Properties of a Genetic
2.1 遗传物质的性质
Material
2.2 Nucleic Acids and DNA
2.2 核酸与DNA结构
structure
2.3 DNA as the Genetic Material 2.3 DNA作为遗传物质
2.4 DNA in the Cell