毕业论文外文翻译-四柱液压机
毕业设计(论文)-200T四柱式液压机结构及控制系统设计(全套图纸)
XX学院XX UNIVERSITY 本科生毕业设计及控制系统设计XX学院教务处二○一三年六月制（2015届）本科生毕业设计说明书200T四柱式液压机结构及控制系统设计2015年6月摘要本次毕业设计的主要任务为200T三梁四柱式液压机的结构设计及控制系统设计。
液压机的应用较广泛，在日常生活中到处可以见到，其基本工作原理为根据帕斯卡原理。
以液体作为传递介质，达到实现能量的转换的效果，从而实现各种锻压的成型工艺。
这种液压机适用于各种可塑性工件的压制工艺，如冲压、拉伸薄板、压制、翻边、弯曲等，也适用于砂轮成型、工件的校正、压装和各种冷挤金属零件成型、塑胶制品及粉末制品的压制成型工艺。
液压机是由主机和液压控制系统、电气控制系统组成。
液压机主机走成包括工作台、上横梁、导柱、滑块、顶出缸、主缸、安装地基等，动力机构包括泵、油箱、电机、电气控制系统、各种液压控制阀等。
动力机构在电气控制系统控制下，通过液压系统，实现能量的转换、传递和调节，完成各种工艺循环。
关键词：四柱式液压机，液压系统，电气系统，PLC控制全套图纸，加153893706ABSTRACTThe graduation design task for 200T the structure design of three beam four-column type hydraulic press machine control system design. Hydraulic press application more widely, can be seen everywhere in our daily life, its basic working principle is according to the driving principle of the liquid to liquid as PASCAL transfer media, achieve the result of realization of energy conversion, so as to realize all kinds of forging press molding process. The hydraulic press suppression techniques are suitable for all kinds of plastic parts, such as stamping, stretching, pressing plate, flanging and bending etc., can also be applied to wheel molding, artifacts of calibration, pressure equipment and a variety of cold extrusion molding metal parts, plastic products and powder products of pressure molding process. Hydraulic press is controlled by the host and hydraulic system, electrical control system. Hydraulic press host go into workbench, beams, guide pin, slide block, ejection cylinder, master cylinder, such as installation of foundation, motivation mechanism including pumps, tanks, motor, electric control system, all kinds of hydraulic control valves, etc. Dynamic mechanism under control in the electric control system, through the hydraulic system, realization of energy conversion, transfer and adjustment, finish all kinds of process cycle.Keywords:four column hydraulic machine, hydraulic system, electrical control system, PLC目录摘要 (I)ABSTRACT (II)第1章绪论 (1)1.1研究本课题的意义 (1)1.2液压机的简介及发展现状 (1)1.3设计内容要求 (2)1.4给定的液压机参数 (2)1.5本章小结 (2)第2章液压机设计总体方案分析 (3)2.1 四柱液压机的组成 (3) (4) (4)2.2.2四柱式液压机的动作顺序分析 (4)2.2.3四柱式液压机的工作循环初步分析 (4)2.2.4液压机主要参数的拟定 (5)第3章四柱式液压机主机结构设计 (6)3.1 液压缸的设计 (6) (6) (7) (8) (8) (9)3.3 顶出缸计算 (13) (13) (15) (15) (16) (16) (17)第4章四柱式液压机强度计算与校核 (18) (18) (18) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (22) (24) (24) (25) (26) (26) (29) (29) (31)第5章液压控制系统设计 (32)5.1 液压系统流量计算 (33) (33) (33) (35) (36) (36) (37) (37)5.6 液压系统原理图拟定 (41)5.7 液压系统油路控制分析 (43) (44) (45)5.10 液压元器件 (46)5.11 液压系统温升的验算 (46)第6章液压机PLC控制系统设计............ 错误!未定义书签。
四柱液压机中英文翻译、外文文献翻译
Four-column hydraulic pressone. Four-column hydraulic press for the use of four-column hydraulic press suitable for plastic materials pressing process. Such as powder products molding, plastic products molding, cold (hot) extrusion metal molding, sheet stretching and cross-pressure, bending, turnover, correction and other processes. II. Four-column hydraulic press features four-column hydraulic press has an independent power mechanism and electrical system, the use of button centralized control, can achieve adjustment, manual and semi-automatic three working methods: four-column hydraulic press working pressure, pressing speed, the stroke and range of fast descending and decelerating without load can be adjusted according to the needs of the process, and the ejection process can be completed. The ejection process and the drawing process can be carried out in three ways, each of which is a constant pressure and a fixed stroke, the constant pressure forming process has ejection delay and automatic return after pressing. Characteristics of four-column hydraulic press. Four-column hydraulic press is the use of pressure to shape objects under pressure. The medium of pressure is hydraulic oil. The structure of four-column hydraulic press issimple, economical and practical. OCTAGONAL SHAPE for appearance. Four-column hydraulic machine control electrical box with glass door, PLC computer control or general electrical two, with reliable work, reliable, intuitive action, easy maintenance. Single Button centralized control. It has two operation modes of adjustment and single circulation of both hands. Four-column hydraulic press hydraulic control can be integrated with cartridge valve system, reliable action, long service life, hydraulic impact is small, reducing the connection pipeline and leakage point, or ordinary hydraulic control two kinds. III. Four-column hydraulic press common faults and maintenance methods four-column hydraulic press common faults and maintenance methods: In winter and worse working conditions, four-column hydraulic press system to check, maintenance, often change the working oil. Great attention should be paid to the storage and transportation of the working oil of four-column hydraulic press. The oil drums shall be marked and covered. In winter, do not pay attention to the air condensed into water and oil, do not rust the barrel into the rust pieces. In winter, the four-column hydraulic engine and other mechanical systems to take a number of preventive measures, such as covering anti-freezing, heating and heatpreservation, the use of low viscosity oil, etc. , are applicable to the hydraulic system. In the four-column hydraulic press Hydraulic drive system, are some of the more sophisticated parts. Although people feel labor-saving and convenient to the hydraulic transmission of four-column hydraulic press, they also feel that it is easy to be damaged. The main reason is that the working principle and structure characteristics of four-column hydraulic press are not clear. Hydraulic systems have three basic "disease-causing" factors: pollution, overheating, and entering the air. These three disadvantages are closely interrelated, and the occurrence of any one of them will be associated with the emergence of another problem or problems. By practice, 75% of the hydraulic system "pathogenic" reasons, are caused by these three. 1. The working oil of the four-column hydraulic press is spoiled because of entering the dirt 2. Overheating 3. Entering the air solution: the Cleaning and assembly of some major precision parts in the four-column hydraulic press system should be carried out in a very clean room, indoor should have clean floor and airtight door window, the temperature had better keep in 200C or so. IV. Four-column hydraulic press common general maintenance method four-column hydraulic presscommon general maintenance method (1) four-column hydraulic press action failure electrical wiring is not firm or wrong connection check electrical (2) four-column hydraulic press slipper crawl 1 system accumulated air or pump suction 2 precision adjustment or column Oil 1 check whether the pump suction pipe is in air or not, then move up and down several times and add oil on the 2 columns, readjust the accuracy (3) when the sliders of the four-column hydraulic press descend slowly, the pressure supporting force is too large to adjust the back pressure valve so that the upper chamber of the upper cylinder does not have pressure, the maximum is not more than 1 MPA, four-column hydraulic press after stopping the slide block under serious 1 CYLINDER MOUTH SEAL RING leakage pressure valve adjustment pressure is too small or pressure mouth is not strict 1 watch cylinder mouth, SEND OIL AND GAS 2 adjust pressure check valve mouth 5. Pressure gauge needle of four-column hydraulic press swings badly 1 pressure gauge oil circuit has air 2 pipeline mechanical vibration pressure gauge damage 1 slightly loosen the pipe joint when the pressure is up, 2 deflates the pipe 2 fastens the pipe 3 replace the pressure Gauge 6. Four-column hydraulic press high pressure travelspeed is not enough, up pressure slow 1 high pressure pump flow regulation too small 2 pump wear or burn 3 system leakage serious 1 according to the pump manual adjustment, pUMP ECCENTRICITY can be adjusted to 5 bar 2 at 25 MPA. The pressure drop of four-column hydraulic press is too fast when keeping pressure 1. The valves involved in keeping pressure are not strict or the pipeline is leaking 2. The sealing ring in the cylinder is damaged 1. Check the filling valve, the sealing research of the pressure-keeping Relief Valve 2. Replace the sealing ring 8. The utility model relates to a screw four-column hydraulic press, which belongs to the field of hydraulic press, in particular to a hydraulic press with screw drive, the task of which is to provide a transmission device, the main nut thread is forced only when the slide block presses the workpiece, and the main nut is not pushed by the hydraulic cylinder during the non-pressing workpiece stroke of the slide block, so that the lubricating oil is filled into the screw bearing surface. The screw Rod is located at the center axis of the machine body and is mounted on the machine body through the bearing. The upper end of the screw rod is connected with the inertia wheel, the main nut is matched with the lower part of the screw Rod, and is connected withthe main slide block through the main flange The auxiliary nut is matched with the middle part of the screw Rod, and is connected with the auxiliary slide block through the auxiliary flange. The guide rail is mounted symmetrically in a central axis in the screw four-column hydraulic press, and the main slide block and the auxiliary slide block are slidily connected along the Guide Rail, the end of the Piston Rod of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged with the auxiliary sliding block, which can improve the lubrication condition of the nut and screw and prolong the service life of the screw four-column hydraulic press. About the hydraulic station of four-column Hydraulic Press: The working principle of the hydraulic station of four-column hydraulic press is as follows: the motor drives the oil pump to rotate, the pump draws oil from the oil tank, converts the Mechanical Energy into the hydraulic oil pressure energy, the hydraulic oil is transmitted to the hydraulic machinery's cylinder or motor through the external pipeline after the direction, pressure and flow are adjusted by the hydraulic valve through the Integrated Block (or valve combination) , it controls the change of direction, force and speed of hydraulic motor, and drives all kinds of hydraulic machinery.Four-column hydraulic press hydraulic station also known as hydraulic pump station, is an independent hydraulic device. It provides oil according to the requirements of the main engine, and controls the direction, pressure and flow of oil flow. It is suitable for the main engine and hydraulic equipment can be separated on a variety of four-column hydraulic press. As long as the user purchase the press station and the host on the executive body (cylinder or motor) connected with the tubing, hydraulic machinery can achieve a variety of specified action, working cycle. The hydraulic station of the four-column hydraulic press is composed of a pump device, a manifold or a valve combination, a fuel tank and an electrical box. The functions of each component are as follows: The pump device is equipped with a motor and an oil pump, which is the power source of the hydraulic station of the four-column Hydraulic Press and converts the Mechanical Energy into the pressure energy of the hydraulic oil. Manifold block-is composed of hydraulic valve and Channel Body. It can adjust the direction, pressure and flow of the hydraulic oil. Valve assembly-is a plate valve mounted on a vertical plate, connected to the pipe behind the plate, with the same function as the manifold block. TANK-A semi-closed, plate-welded vessel with a filter air filter,etc. . It is used for storage, cooling and filtration of oil. Electrical box-in two forms. One is a Terminal Board with external leads; the other is equipped with a complete set of control appliances. Four column Hydraulic Press Pressure is small what reason: 1. Is the oil in the cylinder of the four-column hydraulic press dirty? 2. Are you holding it in? Pressure activated? 3. Four-column hydraulic time long, loose parts with, internal leakage? 1, four-column hydraulic pump wear serious, large internal leakage. 2. Relief Valve malfunctions and is normally open. 3. Directional valve internal leakage is large. 4, four-column hydraulic machine implementation of the original leakage inside the large, small pump pressure. The application of four-column hydraulic forming technology four-column hydraulic forming technology has a wide range of applications in automobile, aviation, aerospace and pipeline industries, the hydraulic forming technology of four-column hydraulic press is mainly applicable to the hollow structure with round, rectangular or special section which varies along the component axis, such as the special-shaped pipe fittings of automobile exhaust system, the hollow frame with non-circular section, such as engine bracket, instrument panel bracket, body frame (about 11% ~15% of the vehicle mass) , hollow shaft parts and complex pipe fittings. The suitable materials for four-column hydraulic forming process include carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, copper alloy and nickel alloy. In principle, the materials suitable for cold forming are all suitable for four-column hydraulic forming process. Four-column hydraulic system four-column hydraulic press is the use of hydraulic transmission technology for pressure processing equipment, can be used to complete a variety of forging and pressure forming process. For example, steel forging, metal structural parts of the molding, plastic products and rubber products, and so on. Four-column hydraulic press is one of the earliest machines to use hydraulic transmission. At present, hydraulic transmission has become the main transmission form of pressure processing machinery. Four-column hydraulic press in Heavy Machinery Manufacturing, aviation industry, plastic and Non-ferrous metal processing industries, four-column hydraulic press has become an important equipment. On the four-column hydraulic press non-pressure problem: Q: four-column hydraulic press does not rise, starting up switch has 10MM action, rise after non-pressure, sliding work, how is it? Answer: Check the four-columnhydraulic pump outlet pressure, control system pressure, whether the support valve is stuck. The Piston slipping is related to the insufficient supporting force of the lower chamber, and the non-pressure keeping may be the leakage of the relief valve of the four-column hydraulic press. Four-column hydraulic press system is relatively simple, do not consider overhauling too much trouble. The difference between four-column hydraulic press and pneumatic press the difference between four-column hydraulic press and pneumatic press the pneumatic press has noise, small force, easy maintenance will not leak oil; four-column hydraulic press quiet, strong, slightly more complex maintenance. It's all about the APP. The steel workshop noise is already quite big, may not consider the noise factor. If the force requirements are relatively large, then choose four-column hydraulic press. If, the force requirement is not so big (50kg or less) the barometric pressure is good, is also cheap. The drawing cylinder of the four-column hydraulic press adopts fast cylinder, the speed can reach 280 mm / s, the drawing force can reach 1000 KN, the blank holding force can reach 800 Kn, and the speed and pressure can be adjusted in the prescribed range, users can choose the best drawing speed and blankholder force according to their needs, and can draw out all kinds of products such as high quality stainless steel, which is the ideal equipment for sheet metal drawing. The oil supply system of the Hydraulic Chamber of the four-column hydraulic press is required to meet the technical requirements of hydraulic forming, and the system is not too complicated. Its action as follows: Motor start, pump to oil by the reversing valve flow back to the oil tank, pump unloading. When 1DT power, oil through the valve, one-way valve into the oil plate will be pressed into the Matrix and forming. At the end of the forming, 1DT POWER CUT, 2DT power, oil into the oil injection through the supercharger cylinder, under the action of ultra-high pressure, the sheet metal further close to the concave die to form its small round corner. The key of the hydraulic system of the four-column hydraulic press is frequency converter 5 and supercharger cylinder 10. In the process of hydraulic forming, the working flow and pressure provided to the hydraulic chamber by the hydraulic system should be constantly changing according to the requirements of the process, therefore, the power consumed by the hydraulic system should also be changing with the change of the working flow and pressure. Describe the GeneralMechanical Theory of pressure transfer before proceeding to analyze the phenomenon of pressure shock and to rationalize the fluid equation. It is necessary to transport the liquid between two energy sources by taking part in this result about valve positioning at a longer point with little friction in the pipeline. The valve is connected to the same downstream pipe section as to the upstream pipe section. The pressure impingement flow will be passed between the two lines through the valve operation, assuming that the valve closing speed should not be applied to the solid circle theory. If the valve is closed and the flow of the liquid is in the opposite direction, it moves slowly, resulting in the compression of the liquid and the expansion of the cross section of the pipe. The increased pressure in the valve causes the high-pressure liquid to flow in reverse, extending the time it takes for the liquid to flow through the pipe to the valve. The flow of this high-pressure liquid similar to the propagation of sound, is dependent on the liquid and pipe materials as a medium. Similarly, a delay in the downstream flow of the valve will result in a reduction in pressure at the valve. This result denies that the flow of a high pressure liquid is along a downstream pipe, preventing the flow of the liquid, assuming that the fluidpressure in the downstream pipe does not reduce the fluid pressure or the vapor pressure or the pressure released by the dissolved gas, the considerations of willingness are different. Thus, the closed valve causes the flow of high-pressure fluid to flow along the pipe, although those flows have various symptoms. The flow of pressure relative to the stability of the valve through the open pipe. This effect is related to the liquid flow delay between the two cross-sections of the pipe, the pipe itself is affected due to the reverse high pressure liquid, pipe wall expansion. At the same time, the downstream pipe is shortened and the large cross-section deformation of the pipe due to the reduced pressure flowing through the liquid is due to the pipe material and can be demonstrated. For example, use thin-walled rubber tubing. The high-pressure liquid moves along the flow. It has been proved that the velocity of the liquid is close to that of sound due to the tension flow of the liquid along the pipe wall. In this piping material, however, this is a secondary role, and when it is recognized that its presence can explain part of the pressure transfer time as the valve closes, it has little effect on the application of pressure standards in pressure impact phenomena. After the valve is closed, the time of compression will depend primarily on thesystem boundary conditions, which will be easily illustrated in a number of charts to depict the results of the valve closure on the same system, what happens to the pipeline at each time period. Since the valve closure is instantaneous, a valve with liquid close to each pipe section will bring the valve to a stop, and high-pressure fluid flow may have already passed through each pipe section. At the appropriate velocity C and at time t, the liquid has passed a distance of 1 ct, and in each segment, the Cross section of the pipe is deformed at a distance of 1. The time for the high pressure liquid to reach the storage station is t 1 / C, and an unstable position appears in this distance, which is at the junction of the pipeline and the storage station. Since it is not possible to have laminar flow at the junction of the stations, the maintaining pressure and other values flow through each station before the valve is closed.四柱液压机一.四柱液压机用途四柱液压机适用于可塑性材料的压制工艺。
液压专业毕业设计外文翻译有译文外文文献值得收藏哦
外文原文：The Analysis of Cavitation Problems in the Axial Piston Pumpshu WangEaton Corporation，14615 Lone Oak Road,Eden Prairie，MN 55344This paper discusses and analyzes the control volume of a piston bore constrained by the valve plate in axial piston pumps。
The vacuum within the piston bore caused by the rise volume needs to be compensated by the flow; otherwise, the low pressure may cause the cavitations and aerations。
In the research, the valve plate geometry can be optimized by some analytical limitations to prevent the piston pressure below the vapor pressure。
The limitations provide the design guide of the timings and overlap areas between valve plate ports and barrel kidneys to consider the cavitations and aerations。
_DOI: 10。
1115/1.4002058_ Keywords: cavitation ，optimization, valve plate，pressure undershoots 1 IntroductionIn hydrostatic machines，cavitations mean that cavities or bubbles form in the hydraulic liquid at the low pressure and collapse at the high pressure region, which causes noise，vibration，and less efficiency.Cavitations are undesirable in the pump since the shock waves formed by collapsed may be strong enough to damage components. The hydraulic fluid will vaporize when its pressure becomes too low or when the temperature is too high. In practice，a number of approaches are mostly used to deal with the problems：（1) raise the liquid level in the tank，(2）pressurize the tank, （3）booster the inlet pressure of the pump，（4) lower the pumping fluid temperature，and （5) design deliberately the pump itself.Many research efforts have been made on cavitation phenomena in hydraulic machine designs。
四柱万能液压机系统设计毕业设计论文
毕业设计(论文)课题名称四柱万能液压机系统设计专业名称所在班级学生姓名学生学号指导老师完成日期：20**年5月摘要液压技术是现代制造的基础，他的广泛应用，很大程度上代替了普通成型加工，全球制造业发生了根本性变化。
因此，液压技术的水准、拥有和普及程度，已经成为衡量一个国家综合国力和现代化水平的重要标志。
为适合这种行势，需要大量设计一些液压机的工作系统。
本次就是要设计一款四柱万能液压系统。
液压技术已被世界各国列为优先发展的关键工业技术，成为当代国际间科技竞争的重点。
本书为机械类液压设计说明书，是根据液压设计手册上的设计程序及步骤编写的。
本书的主要内容包括：卧式钻镗组合机床液压系统的设计课题及有关参数；工况分析；液压缸工作压力和流量的确定；液压系统图的拟定；驱动电机及液压元件的选择；液压系统主要性能的验算；设计体会；参考文献等。
编写本说明书时，力求符合设计步骤，详细说明了液压系统的设计方法，以及各种参数的具体计算方法，如压力的计算、各种工况负载的计算、液压元件的规格选取等。
本书在编写过程中，得到黄教授和同学的大力支持和帮助，在此一起表示衷心的感谢。
由于编写水平有限，书中难免有缺点和错误之处，恳请老师批评指正。
谢谢！关键字四柱万能液压机, 液压缸, 系统压力编者20**年 5月AbstractThe liquid presses the technique is the foundation of the modern manufacturing, his extensive application, the very big degree ancestors substitutes the commonness to model to process, the global manufacturing industry took place the basic sex variety.Therefore, the liquid presses the technical level, owns and universal degree, have already become measure a national comprehensive national strength and modernization level of important marking.In order to suit this kind of line of power, need a great deal of work system that designs some liquids to press the machine.This time is to design a style four the all-powerful liquid of pillarses press the system.The liquid presses the key industry technique that the technique has already been list as by the international community to have the initiative the development, becoming the point of a science and technology competition.This book presses to design the manual for the machine liquid, pressing to design the design on the manual procedure and the step plaits to write according to the liquid of.The main contents of this book include:The lie type drills the design topic and relevant parameters that the 镗combination tool machine liquid presses the system;The work condition analysis;The liquid presses the assurance of an urn of work pressure and discharges;The liquid presses the draw-up of the system diagram;Drive the choice that the electrical engineering and liquids press the component;The liquid presses the main function of system to check to calculate;The design realize;Reference etc..When plait write this manual, try hard for to match to design the step, elaborate on the liquid to press the design method of the system, and the concrete calculation method of various parameter, press the specification selection of the component such as the calculation, liquid of calculation, various work condition load of pressure etc..This book gets the relevant teacher and classmate to support strongly and help in weave write process, meaning the heartfelt with gratitude together here.Because the plait writes the level limited, difficult do not need the place of weakness and mistake in the book, plead the teacher the animadversion correct.Thanks!【Key word】 four the all-powerful liquid of pillarses press the machine, the liquid presses the urn, system pressure目录第一章设计课题及主要技术参数、工作原理 (5)1.1设计课题 (5)1.2设计参数： (7)第二章工况分析 (8)2.1绘制液压缸速度循环图、负载图 (8)2.2参数 (8)第三章确定液压缸参数 (9)1、初选液压缸工作压力 (9)2、计算液压缸结构尺寸 (9)3主缸的压制力 (10)4实际回程 (10)5顶出缸的内径 (10)6顶出缸的面积 (10)7顶出缸的回程力 (10)8 .顶出液压缸的工作压力和回程工作压力： (10)9 液压缸运动中供油量 (11)第四章液压元、辅件的选择 (11)4.1液压元件的选择 (12)4.2液压辅件的选择 (13)第五章液压系统主要性能验算 (16)5.1系统压力损失计算 (16)5.2系统效率计算 (18)5.3系统发热与升温计算 (19)设计心得 (20)参考文献 (21)第一章设计课题及主要技术参数、工作原理1.1设计课题设计一台YA32-1000KN型四柱万能液压机，设该四柱万能液压机下行移动部件重G=1吨，下行行程1.0-1.2m，其液压系统图如下1、主液压泵（恒功率输出液压泵），2、齿轮泵，3、电机，4、滤油器，5、7、8、22、25、溢流阀，6、18、24、电磁换向阀，9、21、电液压换向阀，10、压力继电器，11、单向阀，12、电接触压力表，13、19、液控单向阀，14、液动换向阀，15、顺序阀，16上液压缸，17、顺序阀，20、下液压缸，23节流器，26、行程开关A、启动：电磁铁全断电，主泵卸荷。
毕业论文中英文文献翻译液压专业毕业论文[管理资料]
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本科毕业论文--外文原文学院（系）：年级专业：液压学生姓名：指导教师：完成日期：Why decompression is necessary in hydraulic systemsHydraulics & PneumaticsJun. 11, 2008 12:00amWhy decompression is necessary in hydraulic systemsIn high-pressure circuits with large-bore, long-stroke cylinders -- and the accompanying large pipes and/or hoses -- there is a good chance for system shock. In circuits with large components, when high-pressure oil rapidly discharges to tank, decompression shock results.Decompression shock is one of the greatest causes of damage to piping, cylinders, and valves in hydraulically powered machines. The energy released during decompression breaks pipes, blows hoses, and can instantly displace cylinder seals. Damage from decompression shock may take time to show up because the energy released by a single shock may be small. After repeated shocks however, weaker parts in the circuit start to fail.The potential for decompression shock is usually easy to determine beforehand and the design can be revised to avoid it. Shock from decompression normally occurs at the end of a pressing cycle when valves shift to stop pressing and retract the cylinder. The compressibility of the oil in the circuit, cylinder tube expansion, and the stretching of machine members -- all add to stored energy. The more energy stored, the worse the effects of decompression. Any time stored energy is a problem in a hydraulic system, a simple decompression circuit will add reliability and extend the system’s service life.One type of decompression shock that is hard to overcome occurs when a cylinder builds tonnage, then breaks through the work. Because pressure is resistance to flow, once the resistance is removed, the oil expands and decompresses rapidly. Such is the case when punching holes in a part. Punching a pplications pose one of the worse shock conditions any hydraulic circuit meets. To help reduce this type shock, keep piping as short as possible and anchor it rigidly. Some manufacturers offer resisting cylinders that slow the workingcylinder’s movement at breakthrough. These special cylinders may reduce or eliminate decompression shock.Another type of shock occurs when oil flowing at high velocity comes to a sudden stop. This might happen when a cylinder bottoms out or when a directional valve shifts to a blocked condition. Whatever the cause, the effect is the same as trying to stop a solid mass moving at high speed. Use an accumulator or deceleration valve to control shock caused by a sudden flow stop. (See Chapter 1 on accumulators.)The ensuing text describes applications where decompression shock might cause a problem. Also shown is the operation of some typical decompression circuits.When using a decompression circuit, cycle time becomes longer. Instead of the cylinder immediately retracting after finishing its working stroke, there is a short delay while stored energy dissipates. (It may be possible to arrange to decrease cylinder traverse time to make up for decompression time.) In any case, the added cycle time, if necessary, will decrease down time and maintenance problems.Press circuit without decompressionFigure 7-1 shows a schematic diagram for a typical medium- to large-bore cylinder without provision for decompression. A cylinder always needs a decompression circuit -- while cylinders with bores under 10 in. may get by without one. The main criteria are the volume and pressure of the stored fluid. The more high-pressure oil in a circuit, the greater the decompression shock. Long lengths of hose also cause and/or amplify decompression shock. It is best to install a decompression circuit when there is any chance it may be necessary. The expense of a decompression circuit is minimal and only adds to the cycle time if used.Fig. 7-1. Press circuit without decompression protection – at rest with the pumprunning.The circuit in Figure 7-1 has a directional valve with an all-ports-open center condition. The pump unloads to tank when the valve shifts to this center condition. The cylinder stays retracted because there is a counterbalance valve on the rod port.In Figure 7-2 the cylinder is pressing at a working pressure of 2800 psi. The 10-in. bore by 40-in. stroke cylinder holds approximately 3141 of oil. Added to this is another 800 of oil is in the pipe between the valve and the cylinder’s cap end. At a compressibility of approximately 1/2% per thousand psi, and allowing another 1/2% per thousand psi for physical expansion of the cylinder and pipe, plus frame stretch, total volume expansion could be up to 1% per thousand psi. Multiplying () X (2800 psi) X (3941 ) indicates that there are approximately 110 of extra oil in the cylinder when pressing at 2800 psi.Fig. 7-2. Press circuit without decompression protection – while extended cylinder is at full tonnage.When the directional valve shifts to retract the cylinder, a large portion of the 110 of extra oil rapidly flows to tank. Every corner this fast moving fluid turns and every restriction it meets causes system shock. The shock only lasts a few milliseconds during each cycle but the damage accumulates. In a small system like this one, the shock may not be audible or give a noticeable jerk to the pipes. However each shock adds to the last one, and the damage eventually shows up in leaking fittings or broken machine members.Press circuit with decompressionThe circuit depicted in Figure 7-4 is the same as in Figures 7-1, 7-2, and 7-3, but a decompression circuit has been added. Also, the directional valve’s center condition has ports P, B, and T interconnected, while port A is blocked. A pressure switch and a single-solenoid directional valve (the decompression valve)are added to the basic circuit to make decompression automatic and adjustable. The cylinder is at full tonnage in Figure 7-4, ready for decompression before beginning to retract.Fig. 7-3. Press circuit without decompression protection – cylinder just starting to retract.Fig. 7-4. Press circuit with decompression protection – while extended cylinder is at full tonnage.In this circuit, the signal to the retract solenoid on the directional valve passes through the normally closed contacts on the pressure switch. With a pressure switch setting of 350 psi, the retract solenoid will not be energized until pressure in the cap end of the cylinder lowers to that level and the contacts close. Set the shift pressure of the pressure switch high enough to shorten the decompression time as much as possible, yet still low enough to eliminate decompression shock.In Figure 7-5, the extend solenoid on the directional valve has just been deenergized, and a 115-V AC signal to retract the cylinder is on, but is blocked at the pressure switch’s open contacts. The 115-V AC signal does go to the decompression valve’s solenoid and that valve shi fts, opening a path to tank for any stored energy. Until pressure in the cap end of the cylinder deteriorates to the pressure switch setting, the cylinder sits still. The main flow of trapped oil in the cylinder is stopped at the directional valve’s blocke d A port. This part of the cycle completely eliminates all shock damage -- although it does add to cycle time.Fig. 7-5. Press circuit with decompression protection –while cylinder isdecompressing.Note the orifice in the line going to tank from the decompression directional valve. A fixed or adjustable orifice works equally well here. The orifice size determines the length of decompression time. If the orifice is too large, shock is less but may still be enough to cause damage. If the orifice is too small, there is no shock but cycle time may slow.When pressure in the cylinder’s cap end drops to the pressure switch setting -- as in Figure 7-6 -- the pressure switch shifts to its normal condition. The normally closed contacts on the pressure switch pass a signal to the retract solenoid on the directional valve, and the cylinder retracts.Fig. 7-6. Press circuit with decompression protection –while cylinder isretracting.Large press circuit with prefill valve and decompressionOn presses with large-bore cylinders or rams, oil compressibility is a problem. Another problem can be how to fill the ram as it approaches the work at high speeds and how to empty the ram when it retracts rapidly. The circuit in Figures 7-7 through 7--12 shows how to use a prefill valve to fill and empty a large ram. This type of prefill valve also can decompress the ram automatically without electrical controls.Fig. 7-7. Press circuit with prefill and decompression valves – at rest with pump running.Figure 7-7 shows the parts of a typical high-tonnage press. Small double-acting cylinders A (sometime called outriggers or pull-back cylinders) rapidly extend and retract the large ram. A small volume of oil cycles the outriggers for fast advance and return. Counterbalance valve B keeps the outriggers from running away and sequence valve C directs all fluid to the outriggers until the platen meets resistance. As the ram advances, vacuum opens prefill valve D, sucking fluid out of the tank to fill the large volume. Piloting the prefill valve open on retract first decompresses trapped oil, then allows free return flow to tank from the ram.附录四燕山大学本科毕业论文--外文译文文章名称：为什么减压在液压系统中是必要的学院（系）：年级专业：液压学生姓名：指导教师：完成日期： 2013年6月13日为什么减压在液压系统中是必要的在高压油路和大缸径、长行程气缸——以及随之而来的大型管道和/或软管——很有可能对系统冲击。
DOC-机械专业毕业设计外文翻译--什么是液压-液压系统
DOC-机械专业毕业设计外文翻译--什么是液压-液压系统What is Hydraulic?A complete hydraulic system consists of five parts, namely, power components, the implementation of components, control components, no parts and hydraulic oil. The role of dynamic components of the original motive fluid into mechanical energy to the pressure that the hydraulic system of pumps, it is to power the entire hydraulic system. The structure of the form of hydraulic pump gears are generally pump, vane pump and piston pump. Implementation of components (such as hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors) which is the pressure of the liquid can be converted to mechanical energy to drive the load for a straight line reciprocating movement or rotational movement. Control components (that is, the various hydraulic valves) in the hydraulic system to control and regulate the pressure of liquid, flow rate and direction. According to the different control functions, hydraulic valves can be divided into the village of force control valve, flow control valves and directional control valve. Pressure control valves are divided into benefits flow valve (safety valve), pressure relief valve, sequence valve, pressure relays, etc.; flow control valves including throttle, adjusting the valves, flow diversion valve sets, etc.; directional control valve includes a one-way valve , one-way fluid control valve, shuttle valve, valve and so on. Under the control of different ways, can be dividedinto the hydraulic valve control switch valve, control valve and set thevalue of the ratio control valve. Auxiliary components, including fuel tanks, oil filters, tubing and pipe joints, seals, pressure gauge, oil level, such as oildollars. Hydraulic oil in the hydraulic system is the work of the energy transfer medium, there are a variety of mineral oil, emulsion oil hydraulic molding Hop categories.Hydraulic principleIt consists of two cylinders of different sizes and composition of fluid in the fluid full of water or oil. Water is called "hydraulic press"; the said oil-filled "hydraulic machine." Each of the two liquida sliding piston, if the increase in the small piston on the pressure of a certain value, according to Pascal's law, small piston to the pressure of the pressure through the liquid passed to the large piston, pistontop will go a long way to go. Based cross-sectional area of the small piston is S1, plus a small piston in the downward pressure on the F1. Thus, a small piston on the liquid pressure to P = F1/SI, Can be the same size in all directions to the transmission of liquid. "By the large piston is also equivalent to the inevitable pressure P. If the large piston is the cross-sectional area S2, the pressure P on the piston in the upward pressure generated F2 = PxS2Cross-sectional area is a small multiple of the piston cross-sectional area. From the type known to add in a small piston of asmaller force, the piston will be in great force, for which thehydraulic machine used to suppress plywood, oil, extract heavy objects, such as forging steel.History of the development of hydraulicAnd air pressure drive hydraulic fluid as the transmission is made according to the 17th century, Pascal's principle of hydrostatic pressure to drive the development of an emerging technology, the United Kingdom in 1795 Joseph (Joseph Braman ,1749-1814), in London water as a medium to form hydraulic press used in industry, the birth of theworld's first hydraulic press. Media work in 1905 will be replaced byoil-water and further improved.World War I (1914-1918) after the extensive application of hydraulic transmission, especially after 1920, more rapid development. Hydraulic components in the late 19th century about the early 20th century, 20 years, only started to enter the formal phase of industrial production. 1925 Vickers (F. Vikers) the invention of the pressure balanced vane pump, hydraulic components for the modern industrial or hydraulic transmission of the gradual establishment of the foundation. The early 20th century Constantine (G • Constantimsco) fluctuations of the ener gy carried out by passing theoretical and practical research; in 1910 on the hydraulic transmission (hydraulic coupling, hydraulic torque converter, etc.) contributions, so that these two areas of development.The Second World War (1941-1945) period, in the United States 30% of machine tool applications in the hydraulic transmission. It should be noted that the development of hydraulic transmission in Japan thanEurope and the United States and other countries for nearly 20 years later. Before and after in1955, the rapid development of Japan's hydraulic drive, set up in 1956, "Hydraulic Industry." Nearly 20 to 30 years, the development of Japan's fast hydraulic transmission, a world leader.Hydraulic transmission There are many outstanding advantages, it is widely used, such as general workers. Plastic processing industry, machinery, pressure machinery, machine tools, etc.; operating machinery engineering machinery, construction machinery, agricultural machinery, automobiles, etc.; iron and steel industry metallurgical machinery, lifting equipment, such as roller adjustment device; civil waterprojects with flood control the dam gates and devices, bed lifts installations, bridges and other manipulation of institutions; speed turbine power plant installations, nuclear power plants, etc.; ship deck crane (winch), the bow doors, bulkhead valves, such as the sternthruster ; special antenna technology giant with control devices, measurement buoys, movements such as rotating stage; military-industrial control devices used in artillery, ship anti-rolling devices, aircraft simulation, aircraft retractable landing gear and rudder control devices and other devices.什么是液压,一个完整的液压系统由五个部分组成，即动力元件、执行元件、控制元件、无件和液压油。
毕业设计论文-四柱式液压机液压系统设计(含全套CAD图纸)
属成型、薄板拉伸以及冲压、弯曲、翻边、校正等工艺的四柱式万能液压机。 性能特点：本液压机具有调整、手动及半自动三种工作方式，可实现定压和定程两种工艺 方式。定压成型时，在压制后有保压延时及自动回程动作。工作台中间装有顶出装置，除 顶出制品外，还可作为液压垫用于薄板拉伸制件的压边成型工艺，其工作压力与行程可根 据工艺需要在规定范围内调整；可用继电器控制或 PLC 控制的电气控制系统。 主要技术参数：公称力（最大压力）2000KN，回程力 400 KN，顶出力 350KN，液体最大工 作压力 25 Mpa，拉伸滑块行程 700mm, 顶出活塞最大行程 250mm, 滑块距工作台最大距离 内 1100mm。
毕业设计(论文)-200T四柱液压机液压系统设计
指导教师签名：评定成绩（百分制）：__________分
长江大学工程技术学院毕业设计(论文)评阅教师评语
学生姓名
专业班级
毕业设计
(论文)题目
200T四柱液压机液压系统设计
评阅教师
职称
评阅日期
评阅参考内容：毕业设计(论文)的研究（设计）内容、方法及结果，难度及工作量，质量和水平，存在的主要问题与不足。学生掌握基础和专业知识的情况，解决实际问题的能力。毕业设计(论文)是否完成规定任务，是否达到了学士学位水平的要求，是否同意参加答辩等。
液压机的类型很多，其中四柱式液压机最为典型，应用也最广泛。这种液压机在它的四个立柱之间安置着上、下两个液压缸，上液压缸驱动上滑块，实现“快速下行→慢速加压→保压延时→快速返回→原位停止”的动作循环；下液压缸驱动下滑块，实现“向上顶出→向下退回→原位停止”的动作循环。在这种液压机上，可以进行冲剪、弯曲、翻边、拉深、装配、冷挤、成型等多种加工工艺。
该系统是在继电器控制和计算机控制发展的基础上开发出来的，并逐渐发展成为以微处理器为核心，将自动化技术、计算机技术、通讯技术溶为一体的新型工业自动控制装置。目前，该机型广泛应用于各种生产机械和自动化生产过程中。早期的可编程序控制器只能进行简单的逻辑控制，随着技术的不断发展,一些厂家采用微电子处理器作为可编程序控制器的中央处理单元（CPU），不仅可以进行逻辑控制，还可以对模拟量进行控制，扩大了控制器的功能。可编程控制器有较高的稳定性和灵活性，但还是介于继电器控制和工业控制机控制之间的一种控制方式，与工业控制机相比还有很大的差距。
[4]李美容.《工程机械专业英语》[M].北京：人民交通出版社.2008.6
[5]张奕.《工程机械液压系统分析及故障诊断》[M].北京：人民交通出版社.2008
液压机的发展现状及趋势外文文献翻译、中英文翻译
外文资料Development Status and Trend of Hydraulic Press1 PrefaceWith the progress and development of nearly 50 years of science and technology, hydraulic technology has become a modern machinery and equipment technology of the important basic subject and basic technology, hydraulic machine is a by liquid pressure to transmit energy, to achieve the various processing of machine tools. With the application of new technology and new technology, the application of hydraulic press in metal forming and non metal forming is more and more widely.2 Application areas of hydraulic pressHydraulic press is suitable for almost all process of pressure processing. At present, the main application of hydraulic machine in the following areas: 1. Deep drawing sheet metal forming technology, mainly used in forming automobile and home appliances industries metal cover; the metal parts forming, mainly including pressure molding, metal profiles extrusion, cold forging, hot forging process and free powder; products such as magnetic materials, powder metallurgy etc.; the non pressed metal material forming, such as SMC molding, automotive interior parts molding and rubber products; hot pressing the wood products, such as hot pressing processing plant fiber board materials, profiles; the other applications such as pressing, correction, plastic, stamping process.3 Main structural forms of hydraulic pressAccording to the form of the structure classification, hydraulic machine mainly includes single column hydraulic press, four column hydraulic machine, frame type hydraulic machine and other structures of the hydraulic machine. Single column hydraulic machine can be divided into two structures of whole body and combined frame, single column hydraulic machine at work, due to the deformation of the body and the slide block and the work bench will produce a certain angle, so they are usedin applications to the precision request is not high, such as: pressing, plank pressure type, straightening technology [3]. Four column to beam connected by the four column hydraulic machine, and the slider of the activity crossbeam rely on four column guiding, the machine has has the advantages of simple structure, low manufacture cost etc..Therefore, the most widely used. Welded frame column instead of cylindrical column four column hydraulic machine for frame type hydraulic press, the slider guide rely on to guide with high accuracy, advantages of anti partial loading capacity is large, but the manufacturing cost is higher than the four column hydraulic machine guide rail fixed on the upright post conducting. In many higher requirements on accuracy of occasions, such as sheet metal stamping, precision metal forming process. The above three kinds of hydraulic machines accounted for more than 95% of the total number of hydraulic press. According to different needs, in addition to all other special structure of the hydraulic machine, such as: multi column, multi type, horizontal, gantry type structure of the hydraulic machine.4 Current situation of domestic hydraulic machine industry4.1 In production capacity and market, domestic hydraulic machine, the annual output has great growth rate, which in 2004, sales of domestic hydraulic machine about in 10 billion yuan, in 2005 reached 1.3 billion, the first quarter of 2006, the hydraulic press production enterprises of the annual orders has been basically saturated. In 2006, sales revenue, domestic breakthrough billion yuan enterprises have more than three, such as Hefei Metalforming Machine Tools Co., Ltd., Tianjin day forging press Co., Ltd., Xuzhou pressure Machinery Co., Ltd., which Hefei Metalforming Machine Tools Co., Ltd., Tianjin day forging press Co., Ltd. in 2005 sales revenue has exceeded 200 million yuan. Comparison of domestic hydraulic machine from the output value and sales income and foreign developed countries, also does not have the advantage, but from the production units and total tonnage compared in international, our country hydraulic machine production in leading position. Domestic hydraulic machine in the domestic market share of more than 90%, the output value of exports accounted for less than of the total output value, less than5%, only a small number of enterprises have export conditions, mostly exported to the third world countries. Domestic imports of hydraulic machines for some special hydraulic machines, most of the Japanese products, European and American products less.4.2 On the technical level of the product, the technical level of the domestic hydraulic press has reached the international medium or advanced level. Some hydraulic machine production enterprises through the introduction of technology or cooperation with the domestic and foreign industry, technology development is very fast. But in some high technology content of the hydraulic machine. Some key technologies, such as hydraulic and electric control parts, but also through cooperation with domestic and foreign enterprises or research institutes, high-end hydraulic components and electronic components also rely mainly on imports. At present,domestic hydraulic machine product or as a stand-alone or stand-alone consisting of unrelatedproduction line, mainly rely on artificial material, with automatic feeding hydraulic machine units is less than 3%, consisting of multiple machines, automatic line basically is still in initial stage. From the point of view of product distribution, low hydraulic machine mainly concentrated in the small tonnage, the units possession of more than 70% of the total but the value does not exceed 30%, generally small tonnage column or single column hydraulic machine. With certain technical content of mid-range frame type hydraulic machine output more than 50% for special occasions of quite advanced in the control of high-grade products output share about at around 15%, this kind of hydraulic machine generally use the advanced electro-hydraulic proportional technology, to improve and achieve certain special functions.4.3 In the quality level, with the continuous improvement of product quality requirements, the domestic various hydraulic machine manufacturers pay more and more attention to the quality of products. Because the technology of domestic hydraulic press is the first time that the Soviet Union was introduced and absorbed,the domestic production of hydraulic press is far superior to the products of Japan and South Korea in the rigidity and strength, and the products are quite. And foreign products compared our products in terms of quality still exist the following problems: in terms of reliability, failure rate is still relatively large, mainly concentrated in the hydraulic system, mostly because of hydraulic and electrical components of the low reliability caused by; II the problem of oil leakage is more common in domestic hydraulic machine; and the processing quality of 3 key parts still need to improve; (4) in appearance and aesthetic aspects and a foreign company's products comparison and certain gap. Generally speaking, domestic hydraulic machine in quality and some of the more well-known company's products and certain gap, but with the improvement of domestic manufacturers of quality continuous attention and management level, the quality of domestic hydraulic machine will close to and catch up with international level.5 development direction and trend of hydraulic press5.1 Equipped with automatic feeding device of the hydraulic press or automatic production line will be the future direction of the development of hydraulic press. At this stage, due to the cost of labor and technical problems, domestic enterprises to use artificial up and down. But in some developed countries, in the last century sixty or seventy's automatic production line has been basically popularized. In order to enhance the image of enterprises and improve production efficiency, and now the domestic enterprises have begun to use and procurement of automatic production line and automatic up and down material of the hydraulic press. Some enterprisesalso began in the raw material on the production line of the hydraulic machine and the transformation of the robotSemi automatic production line.5.2 The demand for hydraulic machines will be greatly increased. Due to processing equipment, technology and other reasons, the domestic multi position hydraulic machine is not a lot of. Multi station hydraulic machine has many advantages: multi-channel processes in a hydraulic machine in different stationcompleted, reducing the hydraulic units, thereby reducing the occupied area of equipment; (2) reduce the equipment to send material procedure and operating personnel; (3) to improve the production efficiency; and (4) to reduce the investment cost. Now some large hydraulic machine production enterprises in the processing and technology has been equipped with a multi station hydraulic machine design and production capacity. Over the next ten years, the domestic multi station hydraulic machine will be widely used in certain industries. In the United States, there are 70% stamping lines for multi station press, Japan's press line in the multi station press also accounted for 32% of the number of bus, and in the domestic stamping line almost no multi station press.5.3 Fast, high speed hydraulic machine in mass production can be multiplied to improve efficiency. If the hydraulic machine can improve the efficiency of one times, then a production line can replace two production lines, in the case of a small increase in the user's investment can be replaced by a line of two lines. General general hydraulic machine and the speed of the return speed of only 100~200mm/s, and now the rapid hydraulic press has been as high as 450mm/s. Some foreign high-speed and small hydraulic presses every minute of the number of strokes to reach hundreds of times. Due to the birth of rapid hydraulic press, 2000 years after the new automobile press line adopts hydraulic proportion has reached more than 60%, and in the 1990s before the automobile press line, almost all the mechanical press. There is a great potential to improve the speed and efficiency of the hydraulic machine, the manufacturer should be to strengthen research and development in this area, in conjunction with automatic feeding device based on, to achieve efficient work.5.4 Relying on electro hydraulic proportional technology, sensors, electronic, computer, network, etc. to improve the performance of hydraulic press. Rapid development since the last century 80s electro hydraulic proportional components, the application of proportional valve and proportional pump in the hydraulic machine make the function of the hydraulic press can through the electric to control the hydraulic press hydraulic control system has undergone a qualitative change, proportional pressure, proportional speed control, synchronization, energysaving, high speed, variable pressure and speed, accurate pressure and position control functionsbegan to be used in some high-end hydraulic machine. In the electronic control using the powerful function of computer and network, combined with microelectronics technology, with the combination of electro-hydraulic proportional technology and electronic hydraulic technology and computer, improve both to expand the function of hydraulic machine, the performance of the hydraulic machine, do without changing the hardware. Only through changing the program or software, can adapt to different process requirements, to achieve the function of flexible. In addition, the network technology can be used in equipment management, the hydraulic machine as a node in the network to achieve remote management, monitoring and other functions.5.5 In environmental protection, energy saving, in the future in the design and manufacture of hydraulic machines should be paid enough attention to the manufacturing enterprises. This aspect should do the following: 1. Reduce the power of the hydraulic press and reduce the energy loss in the work. In the hydraulic system, as far as possible to reduce the overflow, throttle, reasonable design of hydraulic system. For example a rely on relief valve overflow protection pressure hydraulic machine consumption of energy may be closed pump protection 2 times the pressure of the hydraulic machine, rely on energy storage device to improve the no-load speed of the system at least two times higher than that of the fast cylinder system is a waste of energy above. Improve the sealing quality, reduce the pollution of hydraulic oil leakage to the environment. Reduce noise, to isolate and close the large noise source.6 Needs to be improved.Domestic hydraulic machinery industry in the development of the need to strengthen domestic hydraulic press technology and production capacity has gradually become mature, in the domestic market share reached 90% and has begun to export to some developed countries. But the hydraulic machine industry in the development of the future, still need to work hard, in particular, to do the following:6.1 To strengthen enterprise technology research and development capabilities, toenhance the ability of new product development. Machine tool industry in the high-end competition in largely depends on the technological content of products, hydraulic machine industry in China to want to occupy the world in the high-end market, must first be in the technology reached the international advanced level, domestic set up a special hydraulic machine research institutions and personnel, in order to improve the level of the integrated technology of hydraulic machine.6.2 To strengthen joint between enterprises, the main production enterprises, automatic feedmaterial enterprises, research institutes, coalition, play to their respective advantages, mutualdevelopment and take complete sets of automatic production line project, solve the interrelated technology.6.3 Improve the quality of products, to provide high reliability of products. In the hydraulic system reliability, installation quality, processing quality, oil leakage, the cleaning of hydraulic oil to improve, in order to adapt to the automatic line, production line.7 Four column hydraulic machineHydraulic machine or hydraulic machine, is the use of liquid pressure transmission machinery by using Pascal's law made many kinds of. Of course, use is also based on the needs of a variety of. If the liquid type according to the transfer pressure, there are two types of oil press and hydraulic press. The hydraulic press machine has a large total pressure, commonly used in forging and stamping. Forging hydraulic press is divided into two kinds of forging hydraulic press and free forging hydraulic press. Die forging hydraulic press to use the mold, and free forging hydraulic press without mold. China's first million tons of hydraulic press is the free forging hydraulic press. Four column hydraulic machine is composed of two parts of mainframe and control system. The main body of the hydraulic press includes hydraulic cylinder, beam, column and filling device. The power mechanism is composed of an oil tank, a high pressure pump, a control system, an electric motor, apressure valve, a direction valve, etc.. The hydraulic press is suitable for pressing process of plastic material. Processes such as powder products molding, plastic products forming, cold (hot) extrusion of metal forming, sheet drawing and cross compression, bending, turning, correction and so on. Four column hydraulic press is an independent body and the electrical power system, and centralized control buttons, can realize the adjustment, manual and semi - automatic three kinds of mode of operation.First, the characteristics of the equipmentMachine is an independent body and the electrical power system, the centralized control buttons, can realize the adjustment, manual and semi - automatic three working mode: the machine working pressure, pressing speed, fast no-load downward and deceleration stroke and scope can according to the need of the process adjusted and can complete the ejection process, with the top of the process and drawing process of three kinds of process, each process and constant pressure, Cheng two process action choice, constant pressure molding process after the suppression with ejection delay and automatic return.Independent power organization and electrical system, and the use of button centralized control, can be completed and semi automatic adjustment of two methods of operation. Itsmobile station is driven by a variable frequency controller, which is the world's leading electrical PLC programmable controller. After YH25 - 315D "t" shape move action table depicting the production innovation, is conducive to progress the series hydraulic machine automation, progress produces power, decreased operator labor intensity.Using liquid as the medium to transmit energy, using advanced composite cylinder hydraulic circuit, low oil temperature, air travel speeds were 10MM/ seconds or more, industry and trade into the speed of 20 mm / sec, standby equipment, fast moves up and down sliding noise less than 75 dB, adopts four-column.three-plate structure, activities in the vertical accuracy by four precise guide set of control, anarbitrary point of the work surface and the working surface of parallel precision achieves 0.08mm below.1 reduce the quality and save the material. For automobile engine bracket, radiator bracket and other typical parts, hydraulicThe forming part is reduced by 20%~40% than the pressing part, and the weight of the 40%~50% can be reduced by the hollow stepped shaft parts.2 reduce the number of parts and tooling and reduce die cost. Hydraulic forming parts usually only need 1 sets of mold, but most of the stamping parts. The engine bracket parts of the hydraulic forming are reduced from 6 to 1, and the radiator bracket parts are reduced from 17 to 10.3 can reduce the subsequent mechanical processing and assembly of welding. Take the radiator bracket as an example, the heat dissipation area increased by 43%, solder joint from 174 to 20, the process from 13 to 6, the productivity increased by 66%.4 to improve the strength and stiffness, especially the fatigue strength, such as the hydraulic forming of the radiator support, its stiffness in the vertical direction can be increased by 39%, the horizontal direction can be increased by 50%.5 lower production costs. According to the statistical analysis of the application of the hydraulic forming parts, the production cost of the hydraulic forming parts is lower than that of the stamping parts by 15%~20%, and the die cost is reduced by 20%~30%.Two, structural typeAccording to the direction of the force, the hydraulic machine has two kinds of vertical and horizontal. Most of the hydraulic press is vertical, extrusion with liquid, the structure of the machine is more horizontal. According to the structure type, hydraulic machine with double column, four poster, the eight columns, welding framework and multi-layer steel strip winding frame type, medium and small vertical hydraulic machine also useful C type rack. Type C typehydraulic press three open, easy to operate, but poor rigidity. The welded frame typehydraulic press used for stamping is rigid, and is open and closed. In the upload of vertical column free forging hydraulic machine, an oil cylinder fixed in the beam, the plunger piston and the movable beam rigid connections, movable beam by a guide post, in the working fluid under pressure on mobile. The beam has a front and back working table. The anvil and the lower anvil are respectively mounted on the moving beam and the working table. The working force is composed of the upper and lower beams and columns. Three working cylinders are used in large and medium sized free forging press driven by pump accumulator to get three working force. The working cylinder is also provided with a balancing cylinder and a return cylinder which are applied to the upward force.Three, working principleFour column hydraulic machine hydraulic system is composed of a power mechanism, a control mechanism, execution mechanism, auxiliary mechanism and working medium. The power mechanism usually adopts the oil pump as the power mechanism. In order to meet the requirements of the implementation of the speed of movement of the actuator, the use of an oil pump or a plurality of oil pump. Low pressure (oil pressure less than 2.5MP) gear pump; medium pressure (less than 6.3MP) with the vane pump; high pressure (oil pressure less than 32.0MP) with a plunger pump. Pressure processing all kinds of plastic materials and forming, such as stainless steel plate sheet extrusion, bending, stretching and metal parts of cold pressure forming, and can also be used for the suppression of powder products, grinding wheel, bakelite, thermosetting resin products.中文译文液压机的发展现状及趋势1 前言随着近50年的科学技术的进步与发展，液压技术已经成为了一门影响现代机械装备技术的重要基础学科和基础技术，液压机是一种利用液体压力来传递能量,以实现各种压力加工工艺的机床。
液压机的设计外文文献翻译
附录A液压机水由高处下降到一个低的高度的时候能产生能量, 可以用来驱动水轮和涡轮等机械.最高和最低水位之间的落差决定了每磅水的能量。
水力可以来自很多自然资源, 例如瀑布和建有大坝的河流等.在没有自然资源的情况下, 可以修建人工水库。
当能量充足的时候可以抽水到水库来储存水能, 当能量不足的时候, 这些储存起来的水可提供能量来驱动涡轮。
工业的液压机械的某些称作储蓄器的机械装置被用来短时间的提供高效的功率.活塞负载重量后装入缸体中, 然后水被缓慢的压入缸体, 活塞和活塞负载的重物给强迫的升到一个高的位置, 当放下他们是,他们强迫缸体中的水迅速的流出, 为机器提供水的压力能。
液压机是由一种液体,特别是水的压力来操纵。
他们在工程领域的广泛应用,例如: 地层移动、矿业、建筑机械、汽车工程、纺织工业、电站、农业机械等。
液压设备水、油压力是常用的动力源, 比如压力机、铆机、起锚机、绞盘等机械. 水压或者静水力压是约瑟夫布拉玛(Joseph Bramah)发现的, 因此优势也称布拉玛压力. 他主要包括连个缸体, 一个是用液体填充, 一个用活塞. 两个缸体用管子连接起来, 也同样用液体填充。
一个缸体是小直径的, 另一个是大直径的. 根据帕斯卡定律, 外界作用在小活塞上压强通过液体毫无损失的传到被迫上升的大活塞的表面。
对于两个活塞来说, 压强(单位面积压力)是相同, 作用在大活塞上向上的压力是作用在小活塞的几倍, 因为大活塞的面积是小活塞的几倍. 比如, 举个例子, 小活塞的面积是2平方英寸, 100lb的压力作用在它上面, 于是作用在具有50平方英寸面积的大活塞上的压力就会有25000lb(100×50/2=2,500). 然而, 让活塞一定时, 小活塞一定的距离也成比例的大于大活塞移动的距离, 这满足能量转换定律。
如果小活塞移动25 英寸,大的活塞就会只移动1英寸。
水压被使用了, 比如, 使三维的物体从一片金属压缩成一个大的物体。
机械外文翻译---液压机
中文1829字Hydraulic MachineFrom: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Date: 2008Hydrulic machine that derives its power from the motion or pressure of water or some other liquid. Hydraulic equipment and technology is something that we are all at least passingly familiar with. If we think about it, we know that the principles of hydraulics are applied to make many common machines work. For example hydraulics are used in agricultural equipment, giant earth moving and mining machines, they are used to steer and stabilize giant ocean liners, help airplanes climb and turn, and make the brakes in our cars work. So hydraulics can provide great force, are obviously very adaptable and used in all kinds of applications, but how do they actually work?What is this hydraulics stuff?Hydraulics is based on a very simple fact of nature - you cannot compress a liquid. You can compress a gas (think about putting more and more air into a tire, the more you put in, the higher the pressure). If you're really strong you can compress a solid mass as well. But no matter how much pressure you apply onto a liquid, it isn't possible to compress it. Now if you put that liquid into a sealed system and push on it at one end, that pressure is transmitted through the liquid to the other end of the system. The pressure is not diminished.. Hydraulics is Old StuffThe basic concept of hydraulics is not new. The Greeks understood about using water to provide lift and force, and the name hydraulics come form the Latin word for water - "HYDRA". In the middle Ages, Leonardo da Vinci formulated the basic principle of hydraulics called continuity and Galileo experimented with hydraulics.Hydraulics were even used during the construction of the Eiffel Tower in Paris in the late 1880's. Hydraulic jacks were used to level the tower and align the metal girders to an accuracy of 1 millimeter。
液压系统课程毕业设计设计外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译
本科生毕业设计 (论文)
外文翻译
原文标题Hydraulic System
译文标题液压系统
作者所在系别机电工程学院
作者所在专业车辆工程
作者所在班级B13142
作者姓名马杰
作者学号201322321
指导教师姓名何涛
指导教师职称教授
完成时间2017 年4月
北华航天工业学院教务处制
注：1. 指导教师对译文进行评阅时应注意以下几个方面：①翻译的外文文献与毕业设计（论文）的主题是否高度相关，并作为外文参考文献列入毕业设计（论文）的参考文献；②翻译的外文文献字数是否达到规定数量（3 000字以上）；③译文语言是否准确、通顺、具有参考价值。
2. 外文原文应以附件的方式置于译文之后。
1000t四柱液压机参数
1000t四柱液压机参数英文回答：The 1000t four-column hydraulic press is a powerful machine used in various industries for heavy-duty tasks. It is capable of exerting a force of 1000 tons, making it suitable for applications that require high pressure and precision.One of the key parameters of this hydraulic press isits maximum pressure capacity. With a rating of 1000 tons, it can generate immense force to carry out tasks such as metal forming, stamping, and forging. This high pressure allows for the shaping and molding of materials with great accuracy and efficiency.Another important parameter is the press's stroke length. The stroke length refers to the distance the press ram can travel from its fully retracted position to its fully extended position. A longer stroke length allows forlarger workpieces to be accommodated and enables the press to perform a wider range of tasks.The speed of the press is also a crucial parameter. It determines how quickly the ram can move during the pressing operation. A faster press speed can increase productivity and reduce cycle times, especially when dealing with large volumes of workpieces.The hydraulic press is equipped with a control system that allows for precise and accurate operation. Thiscontrol system enables the operator to set parameters such as pressure, speed, and stroke length, ensuring the desired results are achieved consistently.In addition to these parameters, the hydraulic press may also have features such as a safety system, automatic lubrication, and a user-friendly interface. These features enhance the overall functionality and ease of use of the machine.中文回答：1000吨四柱液压机是一种在各个行业中用于重型任务的强大设备。
四柱液压机中英文翻译、外文文献翻译
Four-column hydraulic pressone. Four-column hydraulic press for the use of four-column hydraulic press suitable for plastic materials pressing process. Such as powder products molding, plastic products molding, cold (hot) extrusion metal molding, sheet stretching and cross-pressure, bending, turnover, correction and other processes. II. Four-column hydraulic press features four-column hydraulic press has an independent power mechanism and electrical system, the use of button centralized control, can achieve adjustment, manual and semi-automatic three working methods: four-column hydraulic press working pressure, pressing speed, the stroke and range of fast descending and decelerating without load can be adjusted according to the needs of the process, and the ejection process can be completed. The ejection process and the drawing process can be carried out in three ways, each of which is a constant pressure and a fixed stroke, the constant pressure forming process has ejection delay and automatic return after pressing. Characteristics of four-column hydraulic press. Four-column hydraulic press is the use of pressure to shape objects under pressure. The medium of pressure is hydraulic oil. The structure of four-column hydraulic press issimple, economical and practical. OCTAGONAL SHAPE for appearance. Four-column hydraulic machine control electrical box with glass door, PLC computer control or general electrical two, with reliable work, reliable, intuitive action, easy maintenance. Single Button centralized control. It has two operation modes of adjustment and single circulation of both hands. Four-column hydraulic press hydraulic control can be integrated with cartridge valve system, reliable action, long service life, hydraulic impact is small, reducing the connection pipeline and leakage point, or ordinary hydraulic control two kinds. III. Four-column hydraulic press common faults and maintenance methods four-column hydraulic press common faults and maintenance methods: In winter and worse working conditions, four-column hydraulic press system to check, maintenance, often change the working oil. Great attention should be paid to the storage and transportation of the working oil of four-column hydraulic press. The oil drums shall be marked and covered. In winter, do not pay attention to the air condensed into water and oil, do not rust the barrel into the rust pieces. In winter, the four-column hydraulic engine and other mechanical systems to take a number of preventive measures, such as covering anti-freezing, heating and heatpreservation, the use of low viscosity oil, etc. , are applicable to the hydraulic system. In the four-column hydraulic press Hydraulic drive system, are some of the more sophisticated parts. Although people feel labor-saving and convenient to the hydraulic transmission of four-column hydraulic press, they also feel that it is easy to be damaged. The main reason is that the working principle and structure characteristics of four-column hydraulic press are not clear. Hydraulic systems have three basic "disease-causing" factors: pollution, overheating, and entering the air. These three disadvantages are closely interrelated, and the occurrence of any one of them will be associated with the emergence of another problem or problems. By practice, 75% of the hydraulic system "pathogenic" reasons, are caused by these three. 1. The working oil of the four-column hydraulic press is spoiled because of entering the dirt 2. Overheating 3. Entering the air solution: the Cleaning and assembly of some major precision parts in the four-column hydraulic press system should be carried out in a very clean room, indoor should have clean floor and airtight door window, the temperature had better keep in 200C or so. IV. Four-column hydraulic press common general maintenance method four-column hydraulic presscommon general maintenance method (1) four-column hydraulic press action failure electrical wiring is not firm or wrong connection check electrical (2) four-column hydraulic press slipper crawl 1 system accumulated air or pump suction 2 precision adjustment or column Oil 1 check whether the pump suction pipe is in air or not, then move up and down several times and add oil on the 2 columns, readjust the accuracy (3) when the sliders of the four-column hydraulic press descend slowly, the pressure supporting force is too large to adjust the back pressure valve so that the upper chamber of the upper cylinder does not have pressure, the maximum is not more than 1 MPA, four-column hydraulic press after stopping the slide block under serious 1 CYLINDER MOUTH SEAL RING leakage pressure valve adjustment pressure is too small or pressure mouth is not strict 1 watch cylinder mouth, SEND OIL AND GAS 2 adjust pressure check valve mouth 5. Pressure gauge needle of four-column hydraulic press swings badly 1 pressure gauge oil circuit has air 2 pipeline mechanical vibration pressure gauge damage 1 slightly loosen the pipe joint when the pressure is up, 2 deflates the pipe 2 fastens the pipe 3 replace the pressure Gauge 6. Four-column hydraulic press high pressure travelspeed is not enough, up pressure slow 1 high pressure pump flow regulation too small 2 pump wear or burn 3 system leakage serious 1 according to the pump manual adjustment, pUMP ECCENTRICITY can be adjusted to 5 bar 2 at 25 MPA. The pressure drop of four-column hydraulic press is too fast when keeping pressure 1. The valves involved in keeping pressure are not strict or the pipeline is leaking 2. The sealing ring in the cylinder is damaged 1. Check the filling valve, the sealing research of the pressure-keeping Relief Valve 2. Replace the sealing ring 8. The utility model relates to a screw four-column hydraulic press, which belongs to the field of hydraulic press, in particular to a hydraulic press with screw drive, the task of which is to provide a transmission device, the main nut thread is forced only when the slide block presses the workpiece, and the main nut is not pushed by the hydraulic cylinder during the non-pressing workpiece stroke of the slide block, so that the lubricating oil is filled into the screw bearing surface. The screw Rod is located at the center axis of the machine body and is mounted on the machine body through the bearing. The upper end of the screw rod is connected with the inertia wheel, the main nut is matched with the lower part of the screw Rod, and is connected withthe main slide block through the main flange The auxiliary nut is matched with the middle part of the screw Rod, and is connected with the auxiliary slide block through the auxiliary flange. The guide rail is mounted symmetrically in a central axis in the screw four-column hydraulic press, and the main slide block and the auxiliary slide block are slidily connected along the Guide Rail, the end of the Piston Rod of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged with the auxiliary sliding block, which can improve the lubrication condition of the nut and screw and prolong the service life of the screw four-column hydraulic press. About the hydraulic station of four-column Hydraulic Press: The working principle of the hydraulic station of four-column hydraulic press is as follows: the motor drives the oil pump to rotate, the pump draws oil from the oil tank, converts the Mechanical Energy into the hydraulic oil pressure energy, the hydraulic oil is transmitted to the hydraulic machinery's cylinder or motor through the external pipeline after the direction, pressure and flow are adjusted by the hydraulic valve through the Integrated Block (or valve combination) , it controls the change of direction, force and speed of hydraulic motor, and drives all kinds of hydraulic machinery.Four-column hydraulic press hydraulic station also known as hydraulic pump station, is an independent hydraulic device. It provides oil according to the requirements of the main engine, and controls the direction, pressure and flow of oil flow. It is suitable for the main engine and hydraulic equipment can be separated on a variety of four-column hydraulic press. As long as the user purchase the press station and the host on the executive body (cylinder or motor) connected with the tubing, hydraulic machinery can achieve a variety of specified action, working cycle. The hydraulic station of the four-column hydraulic press is composed of a pump device, a manifold or a valve combination, a fuel tank and an electrical box. The functions of each component are as follows: The pump device is equipped with a motor and an oil pump, which is the power source of the hydraulic station of the four-column Hydraulic Press and converts the Mechanical Energy into the pressure energy of the hydraulic oil. Manifold block-is composed of hydraulic valve and Channel Body. It can adjust the direction, pressure and flow of the hydraulic oil. Valve assembly-is a plate valve mounted on a vertical plate, connected to the pipe behind the plate, with the same function as the manifold block. TANK-A semi-closed, plate-welded vessel with a filter air filter,etc. . It is used for storage, cooling and filtration of oil. Electrical box-in two forms. One is a Terminal Board with external leads; the other is equipped with a complete set of control appliances. Four column Hydraulic Press Pressure is small what reason: 1. Is the oil in the cylinder of the four-column hydraulic press dirty? 2. Are you holding it in? Pressure activated? 3. Four-column hydraulic time long, loose parts with, internal leakage? 1, four-column hydraulic pump wear serious, large internal leakage. 2. Relief Valve malfunctions and is normally open. 3. Directional valve internal leakage is large. 4, four-column hydraulic machine implementation of the original leakage inside the large, small pump pressure. The application of four-column hydraulic forming technology four-column hydraulic forming technology has a wide range of applications in automobile, aviation, aerospace and pipeline industries, the hydraulic forming technology of four-column hydraulic press is mainly applicable to the hollow structure with round, rectangular or special section which varies along the component axis, such as the special-shaped pipe fittings of automobile exhaust system, the hollow frame with non-circular section, such as engine bracket, instrument panel bracket, body frame (about 11% ~15% of the vehicle mass) , hollow shaft parts and complex pipe fittings. The suitable materials for four-column hydraulic forming process include carbon steel, stainless steel, aluminum alloy, copper alloy and nickel alloy. In principle, the materials suitable for cold forming are all suitable for four-column hydraulic forming process. Four-column hydraulic system four-column hydraulic press is the use of hydraulic transmission technology for pressure processing equipment, can be used to complete a variety of forging and pressure forming process. For example, steel forging, metal structural parts of the molding, plastic products and rubber products, and so on. Four-column hydraulic press is one of the earliest machines to use hydraulic transmission. At present, hydraulic transmission has become the main transmission form of pressure processing machinery. Four-column hydraulic press in Heavy Machinery Manufacturing, aviation industry, plastic and Non-ferrous metal processing industries, four-column hydraulic press has become an important equipment. On the four-column hydraulic press non-pressure problem: Q: four-column hydraulic press does not rise, starting up switch has 10MM action, rise after non-pressure, sliding work, how is it? Answer: Check the four-columnhydraulic pump outlet pressure, control system pressure, whether the support valve is stuck. The Piston slipping is related to the insufficient supporting force of the lower chamber, and the non-pressure keeping may be the leakage of the relief valve of the four-column hydraulic press. Four-column hydraulic press system is relatively simple, do not consider overhauling too much trouble. The difference between four-column hydraulic press and pneumatic press the difference between four-column hydraulic press and pneumatic press the pneumatic press has noise, small force, easy maintenance will not leak oil; four-column hydraulic press quiet, strong, slightly more complex maintenance. It's all about the APP. The steel workshop noise is already quite big, may not consider the noise factor. If the force requirements are relatively large, then choose four-column hydraulic press. If, the force requirement is not so big (50kg or less) the barometric pressure is good, is also cheap. The drawing cylinder of the four-column hydraulic press adopts fast cylinder, the speed can reach 280 mm / s, the drawing force can reach 1000 KN, the blank holding force can reach 800 Kn, and the speed and pressure can be adjusted in the prescribed range, users can choose the best drawing speed and blankholder force according to their needs, and can draw out all kinds of products such as high quality stainless steel, which is the ideal equipment for sheet metal drawing. The oil supply system of the Hydraulic Chamber of the four-column hydraulic press is required to meet the technical requirements of hydraulic forming, and the system is not too complicated. Its action as follows: Motor start, pump to oil by the reversing valve flow back to the oil tank, pump unloading. When 1DT power, oil through the valve, one-way valve into the oil plate will be pressed into the Matrix and forming. At the end of the forming, 1DT POWER CUT, 2DT power, oil into the oil injection through the supercharger cylinder, under the action of ultra-high pressure, the sheet metal further close to the concave die to form its small round corner. The key of the hydraulic system of the four-column hydraulic press is frequency converter 5 and supercharger cylinder 10. In the process of hydraulic forming, the working flow and pressure provided to the hydraulic chamber by the hydraulic system should be constantly changing according to the requirements of the process, therefore, the power consumed by the hydraulic system should also be changing with the change of the working flow and pressure. Describe the GeneralMechanical Theory of pressure transfer before proceeding to analyze the phenomenon of pressure shock and to rationalize the fluid equation. It is necessary to transport the liquid between two energy sources by taking part in this result about valve positioning at a longer point with little friction in the pipeline. The valve is connected to the same downstream pipe section as to the upstream pipe section. The pressure impingement flow will be passed between the two lines through the valve operation, assuming that the valve closing speed should not be applied to the solid circle theory. If the valve is closed and the flow of the liquid is in the opposite direction, it moves slowly, resulting in the compression of the liquid and the expansion of the cross section of the pipe. The increased pressure in the valve causes the high-pressure liquid to flow in reverse, extending the time it takes for the liquid to flow through the pipe to the valve. The flow of this high-pressure liquid similar to the propagation of sound, is dependent on the liquid and pipe materials as a medium. Similarly, a delay in the downstream flow of the valve will result in a reduction in pressure at the valve. This result denies that the flow of a high pressure liquid is along a downstream pipe, preventing the flow of the liquid, assuming that the fluidpressure in the downstream pipe does not reduce the fluid pressure or the vapor pressure or the pressure released by the dissolved gas, the considerations of willingness are different. Thus, the closed valve causes the flow of high-pressure fluid to flow along the pipe, although those flows have various symptoms. The flow of pressure relative to the stability of the valve through the open pipe. This effect is related to the liquid flow delay between the two cross-sections of the pipe, the pipe itself is affected due to the reverse high pressure liquid, pipe wall expansion. At the same time, the downstream pipe is shortened and the large cross-section deformation of the pipe due to the reduced pressure flowing through the liquid is due to the pipe material and can be demonstrated. For example, use thin-walled rubber tubing. The high-pressure liquid moves along the flow. It has been proved that the velocity of the liquid is close to that of sound due to the tension flow of the liquid along the pipe wall. In this piping material, however, this is a secondary role, and when it is recognized that its presence can explain part of the pressure transfer time as the valve closes, it has little effect on the application of pressure standards in pressure impact phenomena. After the valve is closed, the time of compression will depend primarily on thesystem boundary conditions, which will be easily illustrated in a number of charts to depict the results of the valve closure on the same system, what happens to the pipeline at each time period. Since the valve closure is instantaneous, a valve with liquid close to each pipe section will bring the valve to a stop, and high-pressure fluid flow may have already passed through each pipe section. At the appropriate velocity C and at time t, the liquid has passed a distance of 1 ct, and in each segment, the Cross section of the pipe is deformed at a distance of 1. The time for the high pressure liquid to reach the storage station is t 1 / C, and an unstable position appears in this distance, which is at the junction of the pipeline and the storage station. Since it is not possible to have laminar flow at the junction of the stations, the maintaining pressure and other values flow through each station before the valve is closed.四柱液压机一.四柱液压机用途四柱液压机适用于可塑性材料的压制工艺。
液压机的设计外文文献翻译
附录A液压机水由高处下降到一个低的高度的时候能产生能量, 可以用来驱动水轮和涡轮等机械.最高和最低水位之间的落差决定了每磅水的能量。
水力可以来自很多自然资源, 例如瀑布和建有大坝的河流等.在没有自然资源的情况下, 可以修建人工水库。
当能量充足的时候可以抽水到水库来储存水能, 当能量不足的时候, 这些储存起来的水可提供能量来驱动涡轮。
工业的液压机械的某些称作储蓄器的机械装置被用来短时间的提供高效的功率.活塞负载重量后装入缸体中, 然后水被缓慢的压入缸体, 活塞和活塞负载的重物给强迫的升到一个高的位置, 当放下他们是,他们强迫缸体中的水迅速的流出, 为机器提供水的压力能。
液压机是由一种液体,特别是水的压力来操纵。
他们在工程领域的广泛应用,例如: 地层移动、矿业、建筑机械、汽车工程、纺织工业、电站、农业机械等。
液压设备水、油压力是常用的动力源, 比如压力机、铆机、起锚机、绞盘等机械. 水压或者静水力压是约瑟夫布拉玛(Joseph Bramah)发现的, 因此优势也称布拉玛压力. 他主要包括连个缸体, 一个是用液体填充, 一个用活塞. 两个缸体用管子连接起来, 也同样用液体填充。
一个缸体是小直径的, 另一个是大直径的. 根据帕斯卡定律, 外界作用在小活塞上压强通过液体毫无损失的传到被迫上升的大活塞的表面。
对于两个活塞来说, 压强(单位面积压力)是相同, 作用在大活塞上向上的压力是作用在小活塞的几倍, 因为大活塞的面积是小活塞的几倍. 比如, 举个例子, 小活塞的面积是2平方英寸, 100lb的压力作用在它上面, 于是作用在具有50平方英寸面积的大活塞上的压力就会有25000lb(100×50/2=2,500). 然而, 让活塞一定时, 小活塞一定的距离也成比例的大于大活塞移动的距离, 这满足能量转换定律。
如果小活塞移动25 英寸,大的活塞就会只移动1英寸。
水压被使用了, 比如, 使三维的物体从一片金属压缩成一个大的物体。
液压系统外文文献翻译、中英文翻译、外文翻译
本科生毕业设计 (论文)外文翻译原文标题液压系统译文标题HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS作者所在系别作者所在专业作者所在班级作者姓名作者学号指导教师姓名指导教师职称完成时间2017 年 4 月15教务处制控制阀控制阀是操作者可访问的阀，用于引导系统内的流体流动以操作机器或其附件。
通过巧妙地使用控制阀，操作员可以调节液压缸的速度和运行。
注意：液压控制应平稳运行，以消除引起机器机械部件快速磨损和破坏的冲击运动。
执行机构（a）旋转叶片液压致动器，（b）线性液压致动器。
通过输入控制信号改变控制阀的位置，允许通过通道流动以操作致动器。
当致动器移动时，其运动沿反馈路径传递，从而抵消控制阀的原始运动。
因此，致动器的输出运动与输入控制运动成比例。
带反馈的旋转风门执行机构线性执行器（RAM）带反馈SPOOL阀门关闭和方向控制阀芯阀直接流到系统的各个部件，并可通过手柄，先导压力信号，电磁螺线管，电动马达和机械凸轮来操作。
用于滑动滑阀方向阀的典型应用是将流体控制到双作用液压缸，其在一个方向上移动时需要在活塞的一侧上的压力下的流体，而另一侧连接到排出管线。
在上述滑阀中，三位置阀芯通过反馈连杆保持在其位置。
在中央位置，所有部件都被锁定。
因此，显而易见的是，当阀芯保持中心时，气缸不能被轻便。
相对于各种端口移动阀芯的位置控制缺陷的方向，如果阀芯向左移动，高压油将通过阀门流到执行器的左侧。
同时，线性执行器的右侧将连接到排气口。
从而将线性致动器向右移动。
一旦致动器已经移动与控制运动成正比的一定量，线轴将自动地通过反馈链路移动到中心。
累积器描述液压蓄能器并解释其目的。
压力蓄能器用于需要储存压力能量以满足需求浪涌的液压系统中，它们还用于吸收液压冲击载荷，并在泵停止时保持压力时补偿小的内部泄漏。
最常见的蓄能器形式包括含有充气和加压柔性气囊的钢壳。
通过特殊阀将气囊预充到所需压力，然后密封以防止气体泄漏。
压力下的液压油进入蓄能器，压缩气囊，直到达到平衡。
四柱液压机液压系统的设计外文翻译1
吉林化工学院外文翻译四柱万能液压机系统设计Universal hydraulic machine hydraulic system design 性质: □毕业设计□毕业论文教学院：机电工程学院系别：机械设计制造及其自动化学生学号：08410332学生姓名：曹新朋专业班级：机自0803指导教师：孙东职称：讲师起止日期：2012.2.28～2012.6.15吉林化工学院Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology四柱万能液压机系统设计摘要：介绍四柱万能液压机设计目的以及内容，并对系统设计的工作原理进行详细介绍，并制定详细的系统方案，以及液压系统的合成。
关键词：四柱液压机：液压系统，1 设计目的及内容1设计目的液压系统的设计是机械设计制造及其自动化专业的主要专业基础课和必修课，是在完成《液压与气压传动》课程理论教学以后所进行的重要实践教学环节。
学生通过课程设计对所学内容能够灵活掌握，融会贯通，并获得综合运用所学知识进行液压系统设计的基本能力。
通过课程设计，学生应达到以下目的：1.巩固和深化已学的液压传动的理论知识，掌握液压系统设计计算的一般方法和步骤；2.锻炼机械制图、结构设计和工程运算的能力；3.熟悉液压缸的结构设计以及液压元件的选择方法；4.学会使用有关国家标准、液压手册及产品样本等有关技术资料。
2设计内容设计一台多用途大台面液压机液压系统，适用于可塑材料的压制工艺，如冲压、弯曲翻边、落板拉伸等。
要求该机的控制方式：用按钮集中控制，可实现调整，手动和半自动，自动控制。
要求该机的工作压力、压制速度、空载快速下行和减速的行程范围均可根据工艺要求进行调整。
主缸工作循环作为现代机械设备实现传动与控制的重要技术手段，液压技术在国民经济各领域得到了广泛的应用。
与其他传动控制技术相比，液压技术具有能量密度高﹑配置灵活方便﹑调速范围大﹑工作平稳且快速性好﹑易于控制并过载保护﹑易于实现自动化和机电液一体化整合﹑系统设计制造和使用维护方便等多种显著的技术优势，因而使其成为现代机械工程的基本技术构成和现代控制工程的基本技术要素。
8000KN四柱式通用液压机结构设计及机身有限元分析
8000KN四柱式通⽤液压机结构设计及机⾝有限元分析学校代码:学号：毕业设计（论⽂）BACH ELOR DISSERTATION论⽂题⽬：8000KN四柱万能压⼒机主机设计及机⾝有限元分析学科专业：机械设计制造及其⾃动化作者姓名：导师姓名：完成时间： 2016年5⽉8000KN四柱万能压⼒机主机设计及机⾝有限元分析中⽂摘要本⽂主要简单地讲述了液压机在现代社会发展中的重要价值，综合了国内外的各种液压机的发展现状以及今后的发展态势。
根据⽬前的压⼒机已经拥有的设计计算⽅案和毕业设计给定的技术要求,加上液压机⽣产时的参数数据,最终我完成了8000KN 四⽴柱万能压⼒机总体的设计,并且对压⼒机的主要部件进⾏了详细的结构设计以及它们的数据参数的确定,并且⼯作缸和上横梁也进⾏了强度与刚度的校核.本⽂所设计的压⼒机主要是⽤来做⾦属制品的压制、冲裁、弯曲、翻边、薄板拉深，同时能⽤来校正及⼩型⾦属器件的冷挤成型等。
本机与其它种类的液压机相⽐，结构紧凑，⼯艺适应性强，造价低。
本⽂通过有限元分析软件对液压机的机⾝进⾏了有限元分析,对液压机所受到的应⼒和位移都进⾏了校核。
利⽤有限元分析可以得到液压机机⾝各部分的最⼤应⼒和最⼤位移量。
从⽽发现液压机较为薄弱的部分。
关键词：通⽤液压机；横梁；强度；刚度；有限元分析I8000KN Four-column Universal Hydraulic Structure DesignAbstractextrusion process. The machine and other types of hydraulic press in comparison, compact structure, flanging, drawing sheets, etc. can also be used to calibrate and small metal parts such as cold process adaptability, and low cost.of hydraulic machine,as well as checking the pressure and the displacement.we can receive the max analysis so that we can find the weak part of the body of the hydraulic machine.pressure and displacement of every part of hydraulic machine according to the finite element This article uses finite element analysis software to conduct finite e lement analysis of the body This article is designed hydraulic press suitable metal material of repression, blanking, bending, status quo at home and abroad hydraulic and trends.This paper describes the hydraulic machine in modern industry's position, an overview of the the beam and the hydraulic cylinder.According to the existing hydraulic design calculations and given the technical specifications, as well as the characteristics of hydraulic press molding process .I finally finished 8000KN Four-carried out a detailed structural design, carried out on the beam strength and stiffness calculation of column universal hydraulic press design plan, as well as major components of hydraulic machine Keywords：Universal Hydraulic Machine；Beam；Intensity；Rigidity;Finite element analysisII⽬录摘要....................................................................................................................... I Abstract ............................................................................................................... II 第1章绪论.. (1) 1.1 课题背景⽬的和意义 (1)1.2 液压机的发展概况 (1)1.2.1 液压机在现代⼯业中的地位 (1)1.2.2 我国液压机的现状及发展趋势 (2)1.2.3 国外液压机的发展状况 (3)1.2.4 液压机的总体发展趋势 (4)1.3 液压机的⼯作原理和结构特点 (4)1.3.1 液压机的⼯作原理 (4)1.3.2 液压机的特点 (5)1.4 液压机的分类 (5)1.5 液压机原理图 (6)1.6 本章⼩结 (8)第2章液压机的本体结构的设计 (9)2.1 液压机的结构特点及设计参数 (9)2.1.1 液压机本体结构特点 (9)2.1.2 液压机的设计参数 (10)2.2 上横梁结构的设计 (10)2.2.1 结构形式 (10)2.2.2 形状尺⼨要求 (11)2.2.3 上横梁与⼯作缸的联接⽅式 (11)2.3 ⼯作台结构的设计 (12)2.3.1 结构形式 (12)2.3.2 加⼯技术要求 (13)2.3.3 ⼯作台与顶出缸的联接⽅式 (14)2.3.4 固定模具的结构 (14)2.4 ⽴柱 (15)2.4.1 结构形式 (16)2.4.2 形状尺⼨要求 (16)2.5 充液阀 (17)2.5.1 充液阀⼯作原理 (17)2.5.2 充液阀的结构形式 (17)III2.6 ⼯作缸 (18)2.6.1 结构形式 (18)2.6.2 设计尺⼨ (20)2.7 活动横梁结构的设计 (20)2.7.1 结构形式 (20)2.7.2 加⼯技术要求 (21)2.7.3 形状和尺⼨要求 (21)2.8 本章⼩结 (21)第3章液压机的强度与刚度计算 (23)3.1 ⼯作缸的强度计算 (23)3.1.1 缸体的强度计算 (23)3.1.2 缸⼝部分的强度计算 (28)3.1.3 活塞部分的强度计算 (30)3.2 上横梁结构的强度与刚度计算 (32)3.2.1 受⼒分析 (32)3.2.2 主截⾯（Ⅰ—Ⅰ）强度计算 (33)3.2.3 主截⾯（Ⅱ—Ⅱ）强度计算 (35)3.3 本章⼩结 (36)第4章液压机机⾝的有限元分析 (37)4.1 有限元分析简介 (37)4.1.1 有限元分析原理 (37)4.1.2 有限元分析软件介绍 (37)4.2 模型建⽴ (37)4.3 液压机机⾝有限元分析 (40)4.3.1 上横梁有限元分析 (40)4.3.2 ⼯作台有限元分析 (45)4.3.3 ⽴柱有限元分析 (46)4.4 本章⼩结 (48)结论 (49)参考⽂献 (50)致谢 (51)IV第1章绪论1.1课题背景⽬的和意义当⼤众的⽣活⽔平越来越⾼的时候，⾦属压制和拉深制品的需求量也会同时增加；同样，⼈们对⽣产产品类型的需求也会增长，于是就导致产品的⽣产批次越来越少，为了能够与中、⼩批量的⽣产模式相匹配，⼈们就会需要能够快速适应改变的加⼯设备，这就让液压机变成了合适的成型⽣产加⼯机器。
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Four-column hydraulic press1.Four-column hydraulic press usedFour-column hydraulic press is used for plastic materials in the pressing process. Products such as powder molding, plastic molding, cold (hot) extrusion of metal forming, sheet tension and transverse compression, bending pressure, turn through, correction process.2. Four-column Hydraulic Press FeaturesFour-column hydraulic press with an independent power sector and the electrical system, using the button focus control enables adjustment, manual and semi-automatic three kinds of work: Four-column hydraulic pressure of work, pressing speed, load fast and slow down the schedule and the scope of may need to be adjusted according to process and can complete the top of the process, can take the top out of process, drawing process three kinds of process methods, each process will be two-way action for the selection process, constant pressure molding process and constant distance molding process ,after the suppression of a delay with the top and automatic return.Four-column hydraulic characteristics：Four-column hydraulic press is the use of pressure compression forming objects. Hydraulic oil is used to providing medium pressure. Four-column hydraulic machine structure is simple and economical, practical. Appearance by octagonal shape.Four-column hydraulic press control electrical box with glass doors, PLC or computer control two general appliances, with reliable, direct action, and maintenance. Centralized control of the independent button. With the adjustment, his hands a single cycle of two kinds of operation mode. Four-column hydraulic press hydraulic control valve can be used into the integrated system, and reliability, long life, small hydraulic impact, reducing the connecting pipe and the leak point.3. Four-column hydraulic machine failure and maintenance of the common methodsFour-column hydraulic machine failure and maintenance of the common methods: in the winter and the worse condition, should be ground on the four-column hydraulic system inspection, ground maintenance, oil change jobs often. Four-column hydraulic press work on the oil storage and transfer should be very much attention. Drums should plus special signs and keep it up and cover. In the winter, pay attention to the barrel while the result of the air condensed into water and mixed with oil, not to be rusty rust bucket leather pieces into bins. In winter on the four-column hydraulic machine engine and other mechanical systems to the various preventive measures such as cover frost, heat insulation, for work with low viscosity oil, are suitable for hydraulic system. In the Four-column hydraulic press hydraulic transmission system, are some of the more sophisticated parts. People on the hydraulic transmission systemof the four-column hydraulic machine feel that it is labor-saving and convenient, but at the same time feel that it is easy to damage. The reason is not clear main working principle and structure characteristics of four-column hydraulic, which do not quite understand the preventive maintenance approach. Hydraulic system has three basic "causative" factors: pollution, over-heated and into the air. These three negative factors has close relationship, there any one issue, it will create another one or more related problems. From the practice shows that 75% of hydraulic system "disease" were caused by these three. four column hydraulic press working oil into the dirt and due to deterioration ,overheating and into the air .Solution：Some of the major precision parts of the Four-column hydraulic system cleaning and assembly, shall be carried out in a very clean room, indoor should be have clean floors and windows and closed doors, the temperature is best maintained at around 20℃.4. Four-column hydraulic machine common method of general maintenance.(1) Four-column hydraulic press failed in action, because of electrical wiring is not strong then check the electrical fault.(2) Four-column hydraulic press slider creeping:①accumulation of air in system: check the oil suction pipe if the oil can get into then move columns up and down and repeatedly pressurize; ②adjusted accuracy isnot right: readjust accuracy.(3) Four-column hydraulic press with pressure when the slide slow down: its support for excessive back-pressure valve to the cylinder to adjust the cavity without pressure, the maximum not more than 1 MPa. （4）four column hydraulic press after stopping a serious one slipped under the brim slide: pressure valve seal ring leakage, adjustment pressure is too small or the pressure is not strictly: adjust pressure check valve.（5）Four-column hydraulic pressure gauge pointer swings a powerful memory :①with air in the oil line pipe of the pressure gauge: loosen the fittings slightly discharge gas; ②mechanical vibration on the pressure gauge: stuck the tube; 3 with the damage on the pressure gauge: replace the pressure gauge.（6）Four-column hydraulic machine travel speed is not enough pressure:①the pressure behind a high-pressure pump flow adjustment to small: the pump in the eccentricity 25MPa adjustable adjusted to 5 Georgia;②pump wear or leakage of serious burns 1 system according to the instructions to adjust pump: If the pump back to the oil port leakage is large, should remove the check.（7）Four-column hydraulic packing pressure drop is too fast: ①when it is involved in the packing of loose or pipe leaking valve of liquid-filled cylinder: check the sealed joint of the pressure relief valve. ②seal ringdamage: replacement seal ring.四柱液压机一、四柱液压机的用途四柱液压机适用于可塑性材料的压制工艺。