中级微观经济学课后习题

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中级微观经济学习题答案

第一部分消费者理论1. 当11xx 时，加数量税t,画出预算集并写出预算线预算集：).....(. (1)12211x x m x p x p).........(..........)(1112211x x x t m x p x t p2. 如果同样多的钱可以买（4，6）或（12，2），写出预算线。

mx p x p 2211 则有mp p 2164，mp p 21212不妨假设12 p ，则可解得：8,211 m p 。

预算线为82121 x x 3．(1)0.4100x y(2)0.2100.............300.4106.............30x y if x x y if x(3)0.4106x y4. 证明：设两条无差异曲线对应的效用分别为21,uu ，由曲线的单调性假设，若21uu ，则实为一条曲线。

若21uu ，假设两曲线相交，设交点为x，则21)(,)(ux u u x u ，可推出21uu ，存在矛盾，不可能相交。

5. -5(把一元纸币放在纵轴上)或者-1/5(把一元纸币放在横轴上),6. 中性商品是指消费者不关心它的多少有无的商品商品2 如果也是中性商品那么该题就无所谓无差异曲线,也无所谓边际替代率了. 商品2如果不是中性商品:边际替代率是0(把中性商品放在横轴上)或者 (把中性商品放在纵轴上)7. (1)x1 is indefinitely the substitution of x2, and five units of x1 can bring the same utility as that one unit of x2 can do. With the most simple form of the utilityfunction,125u x x x , and assume that the prices of those two goods are p1 and p2 respectively and the total wealth of the consumer is m, the problem can be writtenas121112max ,..u x xst p x p x m③ Because 5p1=p2, any bundle 12,x x which satisfies the budget constraint, is thesolution of such problem.(2) A cup of coffee is absolutely the complement of two spoons of sugar. Let x1 and x2 represent these two kinds of goods, then we can write the utility function as12121,min ,2u x x x xThe problem of the consumer is121112max ,..u x xst p x p x mAny solution should satisfies the rule that 1212x x , and the budget constraint.So replace x1 with (1/2)(x2) in the budget constraint and we can get 1122mx p p,and 21222mx p p.8. (1) Because the preference is Cobb-Douglas utility, we can simplify thecomputation by the formula that the standardized parameter of one commodity means its share of total expenditure.So directly, the answer is 1123m x p , 213mx p.（详细方法见8(2)）. （2）库恩-塔克定理。

中级微观经济学_西南财经大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年

中级微观经济学_西南财经大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年1.商品Ｘ的价格是１０元，商品Ｙ的价格是３元，消费者购买Ｘ和Ｙ的边际效用分别是５０和１８，如要获得最大效用，消费者应该（）。

答案:2.完全垄断市场中如果A市场的价格高于B市场的价格，则______。

答案:A市场的需求弹性小于B市场的需求弹性3.生产可能性曲线是从_____推导而来的。

答案:生产契约曲线4.两个消费者构成一个埃奇沃斯盒式图，A消费者有7单位食品1单位布，B消费者有3单位食品5单位布，则埃奇沃斯盒子的长和宽分别是_____。

答案:10单位食品，6单位布5.囚徒困境是指（）。

答案:6.下列哪种情况属于帕累托改进? （）答案:7.下列市场结构中，经济效率最低的是（）。

答案:8.如果需求曲线上一点，需求价格弹性的绝对值是２，价格Ｐ＝３０元，则ＭＲ是（）。

答案:9.成本不变行业，完全竞争市场的长期供给曲线是（）。

答案:10.设生产函数为ｑ＝ｍｉｎ（３Ｌ，Ｋ），ｗ和ｒ为Ｌ和Ｋ的价格，该产品的扩展线是（）。

答案:11.如果生产１０单位产品的总成本是１００元，第１１单位的边际成本是２１元，那么（）。

答案:12.（）偏好的替代效应为零。

答案:13.下列描述占优策略均衡和纳什均衡的关系是正确：（）答案:占优策略均衡一定是纳什均衡14.若需求函数为Ｑ＝1０－２Ｐ，在Ｐ＝１处，需求价格弹性（绝对值）是（）。

答案:15.薄利多销适合需求价格弹性（）的商品。

答案:16.微观经济学解释的核心命题是（）。

答案:17.斜率为正的供给曲线，离原点越远，其供给价格弹性（）。

答案:18.对于普通物品，在其它条件不变时，商品价格下降，为什么需求量会增加？（）答案:既存在替代效应，也存在收入效应19.完全竞争厂商的短期供给曲线是（）。

答案:MC≥AVC的边际成本曲线20.完全竞争厂商生产产量Q=9,总成本为100，当生产产量增加到10时，平均成本为11，产品价格为15，该厂商（）。

中级微观经济学_浙江大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年

中级微观经济学_浙江大学中国大学mooc课后章节答案期末考试题库2023年1.消费者的效用函数【图片】，其初始禀赋为（20,20），商品价格为（1,2），该消费者的净需求为:答案:2.消费者效用函数【图片】，两种商品的禀赋为（30,50），价格从（2,3）变为（4,4），下列说法正确的是答案:价格效应是（-12.5，5）3.如果价格上升，那么禀赋收入效应一定为正。

答案:错误4.在保险市场上，假定不参保时事故发生后消费者的损失为L，如果保险公司的保费率等于事故发生的概率（即公平保费π=γ），那么对于严格风险厌恶的消费者来说，其投保的K*满足:答案:5.市场反需求函数【图片】，7家企业在市场上进行古诺竞争，成本函数均为【图片】，古诺竞争均衡的价格为答案:76.市场反需求函数 p=42-2Q ，9家企业在市场上进行古诺竞争，成本函数均为 c(q)=2q，古诺竞争均衡下，每个厂商的利润为：答案:87.市场反需求函数为【图片】，A、B两家企业的成本函数分别为【图片】，若两家企业协商产量以最大化共同利润，那么下列说法正确的是答案:每个企业的产量均为7_市场价格为168.一般来说，斯塔克尔伯格竞争下，先行动者的产量和利润大于后行动者。

答案:正确9.市场竞争中，先行者一定有优势。

答案:错误10.下列有关外部性的说法，正确的是：答案:当个体收益小于社会收益时，存在正外部性_负外部性的厂商存在过度供给_当个体成本大于社会成本时，存在负外部性11.负外部性治理的方法有：答案:庇古税_一体化_明确产权_补贴12.用脚投票是公共产品的一种治理方式。

答案:正确13.关于公共产品，下列说法错误的有：答案:公共产品一定是由政府提供的。

_公共产品就是产权没有界定清楚的产品14.上游化工企业的生产成本为【图片】，化工产品的价格为100；下游一养鱼场B受其污染影响，产鱼成本为【图片】（F为产鱼数量），鱼的市场价格为200。

如果政府向上游收税，每单位化工产品应该收多少税？答案:37.515.上游化工企业的生产成本为【图片】，化工产品的价格为100；下游一养鱼场B受其污染影响，产鱼成本为【图片】（F为产鱼数量），鱼的市场价格为200。

中级微观经济学习题解答最终版5精选全文完整版

可编辑修改精选全文完整版2、假设某消费者的效用函数为U XY =，X 和Y 表示两种商品，当效用为20单位、X 商品的消费量为5时，Y 商品的消费量是多少？这一商品消费组合对应的边际替代率是多少？如果这时的组合是达到消费者均衡的组合，那么X 和Y 两种商品的价格之比应为多少？① ∵U XY =当错误!未找到引用源。

=20时，由X=5得：错误!未找到引用源。

=80。

② 边际替代率Y X MU MU错误!未找到引用源。

11221=2X MU X Y -③ 达到均衡时，故：错误!未找到引用源。

. 3、已知效用函数为1U X Y αα-=，求商品的边际替代率MRS XY 和MRS YX ，并求当X 和Y 的数量分别为4和12时的边际替代率。

解：11113(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)3X XY Y Y YX X MU X Y Y MRS MU X Y X MU X Y X MRS MU X Y Y αααααααααααααααααααα------====------====4、假设某消费者的效用函数为22(,)U U X Y X Y ==，消费者的预算线是X Y I P X P Y =+，试求该约束条件下的最优化问题，并推导出消费者均衡的一阶条件，再推导出用参数表示的X 和Y 的需求函数。

解：22max ..X YU X Y s t I P X P Y ⎧=⎨=+⎩ 22()X Y L X Y I P X P Y λ=+--220X L XY P Xλ∂=-=∂……（1） 220Y L X Y P Yλ∂=-=∂……（2） 0X Y L I P X P Y λ∂=--=∂……（3）（1）除于（2）可得：X YP Y X P =……（4）由（4）得：X YP Y X P =……（5）将（5）代入（3）得：2XI X P =……（6）将（6）代入（5）得： 2Y I Y P =……（7）答：（4）式为一阶条件，（6）、（7）式为需求函数。

中级微观经济学(南昌大学)智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下南昌大学

中级微观经济学（南昌大学）智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下南昌大学南昌大学第一章测试1.判断资源配置是否有效率的标准是A:是否是帕累托有效率的 B:是否实现了最优化 C:是否实现了均衡 D:是否存在帕累托改进的余地答案:是否是帕累托有效率的;是否存在帕累托改进的余地2.经济学模型能对现实社会作简化的描述。

A:对 B:错答案:对3.已知某一时期内某商品的需求函数为D=50-5p，供给函数为S=-10+5p，那么该商品的均衡交易量是A:10 B:6 C:20 D:12答案:204.如果我们的房租管制模型允许不受限制的转租，最终结果将是帕累托无效率的。

A:对 B:错答案:错5.在其他条件不变的前提下，假设人们收入增加，那么，A:市场价格上涨，交易量增加。

B:市场价格上涨，交易量减少。

C:市场价格下跌，交易量增加。

D:市场价格下跌，交易量减少。

答案:市场价格上涨，交易量增加。

第二章测试1.某消费者恰好能够购买得起6单位商品x和20单位商品y。

商品x的价格是商品y的价格的两倍。

如果现在该消费者的收入和商品y的价格都变为原来的2倍，商品x的价格保持不变。

在该消费者决定继续购买20单位的商品y的情况下，他能够购买的商品x的数量最大为多少？A:12 B:6 C:14 D:16答案:122.无差异曲线的形状取决于A:所购买商品的价格和收入 B:消费者收入 C:消费者偏好 D:所购买商品的价格答案:消费者偏好3.艾丽莎具有这样的效用函数u(x,y)=max{2x,3y}，可知艾丽莎具有凸状的偏好。

A:对 B:错答案:错4.如果消费者的效用函数是u=xy，那么他总是把他的收入的一般花费在x商品上。

A:错 B:对答案:对5.如果消费者的效用函数为u(x,y)=2x+y，商品x的价格为2，商品y的价格为1，那么消费者将A:只购买商品xB:可能同时购买两种商品，而且0<x<m,0<y<m/2C:可能同时购买两种商品，而且0<x<m/2,0<y<mD:只购买商品y答案:可能同时购买两种商品，而且0<x<m/2,0<y<m6.两种商品的价格提供曲线呈向右上倾斜的形状时，两种商品为A:替代商品 B:低档商品 C:正常商品 D:互补商品答案:替代商品7.一个学生每月从父母那里得到500元生活费，假如他对大米的需求函数为x(p,m)=20/p+500/m。

中级微观经济学范里安课后答案

中级微观经济学范里安课后答案第1章市场说明：作为范里安《微观经济学：现代观点》教材的第一章，本章通过考察一个特定的市场模型——住房市场进行实例分析。

对于本章内容，建议学员简单了解即可。

钟根元《中级微观经济学学习指南》（第4版）未添加相关的练习题。

第2章预算约束一、判断题1考虑某消费者消费价格均为正的两种商品。

如果其中一种商品的价格下降了，而收入和另一种商品的价格保持不变，那么预算集范围缩小了。

（）【答案】F查看答案【解析】设消费者消费x和y两种商品，价格分别为px和py，收入为m。

设商品x的价格由px下降为px′，那么，如图2-1所示，预算线与横轴的交点由m/px右移至m/px′，预算线与纵轴的交点未变，显然，预算集的范围扩大了。

图2-1 价格下降引起的预算集变化2以横轴代表商品1，纵轴代表商品2，商品1价格为p1，商品2价格为p2，那么预算线的斜率为－p2/p1。

（）【答案】F查看答案【解析】如图2-2所示，预算线的斜率k＝－OA/OB，A为预算线与纵轴的交点，表示的是收入全部用于购买商品2时的消费量，即OA ＝m/p2，同理，OB＝m/p1，因此预算线的斜率为k＝－（m/p2）/（m/p1）＝－p1/p2。

图2-2 预算线3如果所有的商品价格都变为原来的两倍，而收入保持不变，那么预算集没有变化，因为相对价格没有变化。

（）【答案】F查看答案【解析】预算线方程为px＋py＝I，价格变为原来的两倍后，预算线变为2px＋2py＝I，或者px＋py＝I/2，显然，预算线斜率不变，但预算集范围缩小了。

4考虑两种商品，如果一种商品价格为正，而另一种商品价格为负（例如把“拾垃圾”也看成是“商品”，负的价格表示对消费者的补贴），那么预算线斜率为正。

（）【答案】T查看答案【解析】预算线的斜率为k＝－p1/p2，若一种商品价格为正，另一种商品价格为负，那么－p1/p2＞0，即预算线斜率为正。

5如果所有商品价格变为原来的两倍，收入变为原来的三倍，则预算线会更加陡峭。

中级微观经济学习题及部分答案

中级微观经济学习题及部分答案第一篇：中级微观经济学习题及部分答案一、单项选择题（每题0.5分，共15分，将正确答案填入答题纸上）1.有下列因素除哪一种外都会使需求曲线移动？（B）a 消费者收入变化；b 商品价格变化；c消费者偏好变化； d 其他相关商品价格变化。

2.假定某耐用消费品的需求函数Qd=400-5P时的均衡价格为50，当需求函数变为Qd=600-5P时，（供给不变）均衡价格将（B）a 低于50b 高于50c 等于50d 不变3.下列命题中哪个是规范经济学的命题?(A)a.征税对中等收入家庭是不公平的c.1982年8月政府把贴现率降到10％b.1981年失业率超过9％d.社会保险税的课税依据现已超过30000美元4.当供求力量自由作用时，一次谷物歉收通过什么显示在市场上？（B）a.政府规定的购买量限制b.谷物价格上涨c.劝说人们减少购买量的广告d.谷物贸易量的增加5.某月内，X商品的替代品的价格上升和互补品的价格上升，分别引起X商品的需求变动量为50单位和80单位，则在它们共同作用下该月X商品需求数量：（B）。

a.增加30单位b.减少30单位c.增加130单位d.减少130单位6.在完全竞争市场中，（C）。

a.消费者是价格接受者，而企业不是b.消费者和企业都不是价格接受者c.消费者和企业都是价格接受者d.企业是价格接受者，而消费者不是C曲线（A）。

a.当LMC＜LAC时下降，而当LMC＞LAC时上升b.随LMC曲线下降而下降c．随LMC曲线上升而上升d.通过LMC曲线的最低点8．一个企业在以下哪种情况下应该关闭？（A）a.P＜AVCb.P＜SACc.发生亏损时d.SMC＞MR 9.寡头垄断和垄断竞争之间的主要区别是（C）。

a.厂商的广告开支不同b.非价格竞争的种类不同c.厂商之间相互影响的程度不同d.以上都不对10.短期内，完全竞争厂商只能通过对（D）调整来实现最大利润。

a.生产规模b.价格c.全部生产要素d.产量11.不完全竞争市场中出现低效率的资源配置是因为产品价格（A）边际成本a．大于b．小于等于d．大于或等于12．当市场处于长期均衡状态时，向右下方倾斜的需求曲线相切于长期平均成本的最低点的左边，产品的价格等于生产的平均成本，产品产量较高但存在多余的生产能力，则该市场属于下列哪一类(B)。

平狄克中级微观经济学第一章课后练习答案_Ch01

Oklahoma and New Jersey represent separate geographic markets for gasoline because of high transportation costs.There would be an opportunity for arbitrage if transportation costs were less
In general, the first class is a good time to pique student interest in the course.It is also a good time to tell students that they need to work hard to learn how to do economic analysis, and that memorization alone will not get them through the course.Students must learn to think like economists, so encourage them to work lots of problems.Also encourage them to draw graphs neatly and large enough to make them easy to interpret.It always amazes me to see the tiny, poorly drawn graphs some students produce.It is no wonder their answers are often incorrect.You might even suggest they bring a small ruler and colored pencils to class as they can draw good diagrams.

(NEW)张元鹏《微观经济学》(中级教程)课后习题详解

目　录第一篇　微观经济学导论第一章　微观经济学是什么第二章　需求、供给与市场均衡第二篇　完全竞争环境下的微观经济运行第三章　消费者行为理论（Ⅰ）第四章　消费者行为理论（Ⅱ）第五章　生产者行为理论（Ⅰ）第六章　生产者行为理论（Ⅱ）第七章　竞争性市场分析：产品市场第八章　竞争性市场分析：要素市场第九章　一般均衡与福利经济学第三篇　不完全竞争环境下的微观经济运行第十章　完全垄断理论第十一章　垄断竞争理论第十二章　寡头市场第十三章　博弈论与厂商的策略性行为第十四章　不完全竞争下的要素价格理论第四篇　不确定下、信息与市场失灵第十五章　不确定性、风险与信息非对称第十六章　市场失灵、外部性与公共物品第一篇　微观经济学导论第一章　微观经济学是什么1判断题（1）任何不对其索取价格的物品都是自由取用物品。

（　）【答案】×【解析】自由取用物品是指相对于人类的欲望来说，其数量是无限的，取用时不需要花费任何代价，其价格为零，如自然界中的空气、水等。

但是不对其索取价格并不代表都是自由取用物品，如得到免费馈赠的物品，对于被赠与人来说未被索取任何价格，但该物品仍是经济物品。

（2）稀缺物品一定有一个直接以货币支付的价格。

（　）【答案】×【解析】稀缺物品是指相对于人类无限多样性的需要或欲望而言，其数量是有限的，取用时需要付出一定的代价，其机会成本大于零。

但不是所有的稀缺性都可以用货币来表示。

例如，随着工业的发展和环境污染，清洁的水和新鲜的空气逐渐变得稀缺，但难以用货币来衡量。

（3）如果你得到两张免费的奥运会参观券，它们可以看作是自由取用物。

（　）【答案】×【解析】自由物品的免费取用是对于所有社会成员而言的，奥运会参观券对于其他人来说，仍需支付一定的价格，所以是稀缺物品。

（4）如果某种资源免费供应时社会成员所需要的多于现有的，那么，这种资源就是稀缺的。

（　）【答案】√【解析】当某种资源免费供应社会成员所需要的多于现有的，便出现了。

(NEW)张元鹏《微观经济学》(中级教程)课后习题详解

但是不对其索取价格并不代表都是自由取用物品，如得到免费馈赠的物品，对于被赠与人来说未被索取任何价格，但该物品仍是经济物品。

（2）稀缺物品一定有一个直接以货币支付的价格。

（　）【答案】×【解析】稀缺物品是指相对于人类无限多样性的需要或欲望而言，其数量是有限的，取用时需要付出一定的代价，其机会成本大于零。

但不是所有的稀缺性都可以用货币来表示。

例如，随着工业的发展和环境污染，清洁的水和新鲜的空气逐渐变得稀缺，但难以用货币来衡量。

（3）如果你得到两张免费的奥运会参观券，它们可以看作是自由取用物。

（　）【答案】×【解析】自由物品的免费取用是对于所有社会成员而言的，奥运会参观券对于其他人来说，仍需支付一定的价格，所以是稀缺物品。

（4）如果某种资源免费供应时社会成员所需要的多于现有的，那么，这种资源就是稀缺的。

（　）【答案】√【解析】当某种资源免费供应社会成员所需要的多于现有的，便出现了资源的有限性与欲望的无限性的矛盾，从而这种资源是稀缺的。

安德鲁斯科特中级微观经济学课后题答案

安德鲁斯科特中级微观经济学课后题答案1、．（年浙江省第一次联考）（）是调整社会经济生活关系中会计关系的法律总规范。

[单选题] *A会计法律(正确答案)B会计法规C会计规章D会计工作制度2、．（年浙江省第一次联考）下列各项中，不属于会计核算的前提条件的是（）[单选题] *A持续经营B货币计量C权责发生制(正确答案)D会计主体3、当法定盈余公积达到注册资本的（）时，可以不再提取。

[单选题] *A.10％B.20％C.50％(正确答案)D.30％4、2018年3月，A 公司提出一项新专利技术的设想，经研究，认为研制成功的可能性很大，于2018年4月开始研制。

2019年3月研制成功，取得了专利权。

研究阶段共发生支出500万元，开发阶段发生相关支出1 000万元，其中包含满足无形资产确认条件的支出为800万元。

企业该项专利权的入账价值为( ) 万元。

[单选题] *A.1 500B.800(正确答案)C.1 000D.5005、长期借款分期计算和支付利息时，应通过（）科目核算。

[单选题] *A.应付利息(正确答案)B.其他应付款C.长期借款D.长期应付款6、下列各项中，不会引起无形资产账面价值发生增减变动的是（）。

[单选题] *A.对无形资产计提减值准备B.转让无形资产使用权(正确答案)C.摊销无形资产D.转让无形资产所有权7、．（年浙江省第三次联考）下列不属于企业事前核算主要形式的是（）[单选题] *A进行预测B参与计划C、进行控制(正确答案)D参与决策8、企业开出的商业汇票为银行承兑汇票，其无力支付票款时，应将应付票据的票面金额转作（）。

[单选题] *A.应付账款B.其他应付款C.预付账款D.短期借款(正确答案)9、．（年温州一模考）以下不属于会计特点的是（）[单选题] *A会计具有一整套科学实用的专门方法B会计是以货币作为主要计量尺度C会计具有连续性、系统性、综合性、全面性D会计是一种经济管理活动(正确答案)10、企业在转销已经确认无法支付的应付账款时，应贷记的会计科目是（）。

范里安中级微观经济学第八版习题

1 BUDGET CONSTRAINT1.A poor person who has an income of $1000 receives $100 worth offood stamps. Draw the budget constraint if the food stamp recipient can sell these coupons on the black market for less than their face value.2.Since 1979, recipients have been given food stamps. Before 1979,however, people bought food stamps at a subsidized rate. For example, to get $1 worth of food stamps, a household paid about 15￠(the exact amount varied by household characteristics and other factors). What is the budget constraint facing an individual if that individual may buy up to $100 per month in food stamps at 15￠per each $1 coupon. 3.During his first year at school, Ximing buys eight new collegetextbooks at a cost of $50 each. Used books cost $30 each. When the bookstore announces a 20% increase in new texts and a 10% increase in used texts next year, Ximing’s father offers him $80 extra. Is Ximing better off, the same, or worse off after the price change? Why?2 PREFERENCES1. Julia consumes cans of anchovies, A, and boxes of biscuits, B. Each ofher indifference curves reflects strictly diminishing marginal rates of substitution. Where A = 2 and B = 2, her marginal rate of substitution between cans of anchovies and boxes of biscuits equals -1. Will sheprefer a bundle with three cans of anchovies and a box of biscuits to a bundle with two of each? Why?2. What assumption or assumptions rule out the following phenomenon:Geoffrey has a bundle consisting of 6 apples and 8 raspberries. He states that if he is given 1 more apple, he will ask for 3 more raspberries to keep him indifferent between his old bundle and the new bundle that he will have after he receives the 1 additional apple.3. Draw indifference curves for the following people:a) John says: “I get no satisfaction from 1 ounce of vermouth or 3 ouncesof gin, but 1 ounce of vermouth and 3 ounces of gin (a martini) really turn me on.”b) Steve says: “I will not cut my hair to please my boss unless she paysme. My price is $300 plus $1 for every 1/8 inch of hair that is cut. In other words, for every $1 above $300 that the boss pays me, I will cut 1/8 inch off my hair.”c) In Part b of this problem, what is the marginal rate of substitutionbetween dollars and hair in the region below and above $300?d) Ann says: “I enjoy beer and pretzels, but after 12 beers, any additionalbeer makes me sick.”4. Jeffrey is five years old. He likes candy and hates spinach. He isallowed 2 candy bars a day, but his mother offers him 1 additional candy bar for every 2 ounce of spinach he eats.a) On these terms, Jeffrey eats 3 ounces of spinach and 3.5 candy barseach day. Using indifference curves, illustrate his optional choice.b) Suppose that Jeffrey’s mother does not give him 2 “free” candy barseach day but still gives him 1 candy bar for every 2 ounce of spinach he eats. Would his spinach consumption be greater or smaller than in Part a? Explain your answer.4 CHOICE1. Tara has a utility function U(B, Z) = ABαZβ, Where A, α, andβareconstraints, B is burritos, and Z is pizzas. If the price of burritos, p B is $2 and the price of pizzas, p Z is $1, what is Tara’s optimal bundle?2. Assume that there are two goods in the world: apples and raspberries.Say that Geoffrey has a utility function for these goods of the following type, where r denotes the quantity of raspberries and a the quantity if apples: U = r·a.a)Draw an indifference curve that is defined by this utility function andhas a utility level of 2500.b)What is the marginal rate of substitution between the raspberries andthe apples when Geoffrey consumes 50 raspberries and 50 apples?What is the marginal rate of substitution between these two goods when Geoffrey consumes 100 raspberries and 50 apples?c)If the price of raspberries is $1 per unit and the price of apples is $1per unit and Geoffrey has $100 to spend, what bundle of raspberries and apples will he buy? Is the marginal rate of substitution equal to the ratio of the prices of these goods in the optimal bundle? If not, why not?d)If the unit prices of the raspberries and the apples are $4 and $3,respectively, what bundle of raspberries and apples will Geoffrey buy with his income of $100?3. Steve’s utility function is U = BC, where B = veggie burgers per weekand C= packs of cigarettes per week. What is his marginal rate of substitution if veggie burgers are on the vertical axis and cigarettes are on the horizontal axis? Steve’s income is $120, the price of a veggie burger is $2, and that of a pack of cigarettes is $1. How many burgers and how many packs of cigarettes does Steve consume to maximize his utility? When a new tax raises the price of a burger to $3, what is his new optimal bundle? Illustrate your answers in a graph.5 DEMAND1.Roger’s utility function is U = B1/4Z3/4, his income is Y, the price of Bis p B, and the price of Z is p Z. Derive his demand curves.2.Derive Roger’s Engel curve for B for the utility given in problem 2.7 CONSUMER’S SUPPLUS1.If the inverse demand function is p = a–bQ, what is the consumersurplus if price is a/2?2.If the supply function is Q = Apη, what is the producer surplus if priceis p*?9 EQUILIBRIUM1.In 1998, a virus killed more than half the oysters used to producepearls in the world’s busiest undersea factory. Use a diagram to indicate why the price of pearls rose 18%. How did the equilibrium quantity change?2.Increasingly, instead of advertising in newspapers, individuals andfirms use Web sites that offer free classified ads, such as , , , and portals like Yahoo and America Online.Using a supply-and-demand model, explain what will happen to the equilibrium levels of newspaper advertising as the use of the Internet grows. Will the growth of the Internet affect the supply curve, the demand curve or both? Why?3.The U.S. supply of frozen orange juice comes from Florida and Brazil.What is the effect of a freeze that damages oranges in Florida on the price of frozen orange juice in the U.S. and on the quantities of orange juice sold by Floridian and Brazilian firms?4.The supply of corn by the U.S. is Q a= a + bp, and the supply by therest of the world is Q r = c + ep. What is the world supply?5. A rent control law limits the price of an apartment. What is the likelyeffect of such a law in the short run? What is the likely effect of the law in the long run? Be sure to discuss the quantity and quality of apartments available for rent.6.The government wants to drive the price of soybeans above theequilibrium price, p1 to p2. It offers growers a payment of x to reduce their output from Q1(the equilibrium level) to Q2, which is the quantity demanded by consumers at p2. How large must x be for growers to reduce output to this level? What are the effects of this program on consumers, farmers, and total welfare? Compare this approach to (a) offering a price support of p2, (b) offering a price support and a quota set at Q1, and (c) offering a price support and a quota set at Q2.10 TECHNOLOGY1.Michelle’s business produces ceramic cups using labor, clay, and akiln. She can manufacture 25 cups a day with one worker and 35 with two workers. Does her production process illustrate diminishing returns to scale or diminishing marginal returns to scale? What is the likely explanation for why output doesn’t increase proportionatelywith the number of workers?2. Suppose that the production function is q = L 3/4K 1/4.a. What is the average product of labor ，holding capital fixed at K ?b. What is the marginal product of labor?c. Does this production function have increasing, constant, or decreasing returns to scale?3. A good recipe for a French dish called ceviche requires 16 ounces of fillet of red snapper, 3 ounces of lime juice, 1 ounce of coriander, and 8 ounces of Bermuda onion. This combination of inputs is expressed in the following production function:1243min ,,,1638z z z y z ⎧⎫=⎨⎬⎩⎭ In this production function, z 1 is fillet of red snapper, z 2 is lime juice, z 3 is coriander, and z 4 is Bermuda onion. The unit of measure for each input is the ounce, and the unit of measure for ceviche (the output) is the quantity produced by the recipe. If a restaurant has on hand 32 ounces of snapper, 9 ounces of lime juice, 5 ounces of coriander, and 48 ounces of onion, how many “units ” of ceviche can it produce?4. Construct a total product curve for a function that exhibits diminishing marginal product throughout. Then construct another total product curve for a function that exhibits initially constant and subsequently diminishing marginal product. Below the graphs of these two total products curve, derive the corresponding average and marginalfunctions. Check to see that the curves you have drawn are consistent with what you know about the relationship between the average and marginal product curves.11 PROFIT MAXIMIZATION1.You have 60 minutes to take an exam with two questions. You want tomaximize your score. Toward the end of the exam, the more time you spend on either question, the fewer extra points per minutes you get for that question. How should you allocate time between the two questions?(Hint: Think about producing an output of a score on the exam using inputs of time spent on each of the problem)2. A competitive firm’s production function is y = L + 2LK + K. What isits marginal revenue product of labor?3.A firm’s production function is y = ALαKβ. What is the firm’s marginalrevenue product of labor?1L2, 4.A competitive firm has the production of function Q= 20L–4 where Q is the number of units of output produced and L is the number of units of labor (the only input) used. The output price is $2, the wage rate is $1, and the firm faces a fixed cost of $100.a)What is the profit-maximizing quantity of labor demanded by thefirm?b)What is the firm’s profit in the short run?c)If, in the long run, the output price changes so that profits are zero,what is the quantity of labor demanded in the long run?5.A competitive firm has the production function. Q = LαKβ, where Q isthe number of units of output produced, L is the number of units of labor used, and K is the number of units of capital used. The output price p, the wage rate w, and the cost of capital r are given. Assume that α > 0, β > 0, and 0 < ( α + β ) < 1.a)What is the firm’s profit-maximizing quantity of labor if the quantityof capital is fixed at K?b)What is the firm’s profit-maximizing level of capital if both capitaland labor are variable? (Hint: Use the profit-maximizing capital-labor ratio K/L to substitute for the level of labor.)12 COST MINIMIZATION1.Assume that a firm produces 90 units of output using 9 units of inputX and 9 units of input Y. The f irm’s technological possibilities can be represented by the production function Q = 10X1/2Y1/2.a)If the price of X is $8 and the price of Y is $16, is the inputcombination of 9 units of X and 9 units of Y the most efficient way to produce 90 units of output?b)What must the ratio of input prices be for this input combination to beefficient?c)Assume that the price of X is $1 and the price of Y is $2. Derive theleast-cost way to produce 400 units of output.2.A medical center produces health services using two inputs: hospitalbeds and labor. There is a government regulation restricting the number of beds to B. Assume that the medical center is currently usingB beds and L units of labor to produce Q1 units of health services. Alsoassume that the medical center plans to expand its output to Q2 units of health services. Prepare a diagram to show how this government regulation restricting the number of hospital beds would affect the efficiency of delivering health services.3.A trucking firm’s output is measured by the number m of truck-milesmoved per day. The firm’s operating costs are as follows:i.wages of trucks, $w per hourii.cost of gasoline, $p per galloniii.fuel consumption, g= A+ Bs, where g is gallons of gasoline per truck-mile, s is the speed at which a truck is driven, and A and B are constantsa)Derive the total variable cost function of the firm if it has an unlimitednumber of trucks.b)What does the cost function look like if the firm has only one truckand that truck can be driven for a maximum of ten hours per day?4.A college student is considering whether to operate a lawn-mowingbusiness for the summer or work in a business owned by her family.Her time is worth $w1 per hour and she can work as many hours as she chooses in the family business at this rate. If she starts her own business, she will have to buy gasoline for her lawn mower at a price of $w2 per gallon. She can rent a small mower for $w3 per hour. The mower cuts a 12-inch swath of lawn and uses 1/3 gallon of gasoline per hour. With this mower, she can cut 10,000 square feet of lawn in an hour. (Use 10,000 square feet as the units of measurement for output.) Our college student can rent a large mower for $w4 per hour.This mower uses 1 gallon of gasoline per hour and cuts 3 units of lawn per hour.a)Verify that the production function for the two mowers are as follows:y = min{z1, 3z2, z3}y = 3min{z1, z2, z4}Assume that z1 is hours of labor, z2 is gallons of gasoline, and z3 and z4are the hours of the small mower and the large mower, respectively.b)Derive the cost functions.c)Show that using the small mower is a cheaper way to cut grass if 2w1 <w4 – 3w3. Why is this result independent of the price of gasoline?d)How high a price must our college student receive for cutting a unit oflawn in order to induce her to set up her own lawn-mowing firm ratherthan work in the family business?e)Assume that a firm uses two types of input in the production of acertain commodity. What is the maximum output if the marginal product of input is MP1 = 100X2 –X1 and the marginal product of input2 is MP2 = 100X1 –X2, the total amount that can be spent on inputs is$1,000, the price of input 1 is $2, and the price of 2 is $5?13 COST CURVES1.The only variable input a janitorial service firm uses to clean offices isworkers who are paid a wage, w, of $8 an hour. Each worker can clean four offices in an hour. Use math to determine the variable cost, the average variable cost, and the marginal cost of cleaning one more office. Draw a diagram to show the average cost, and marginal cost curves.2.Gail works in a flower shop, where she produces 10 floralarrangements per hour. She is paid $10 an hour for the first eight hours she works and $15 an hour for each additional hour she works. What is the firm’s cost function? What are its AC, AVC, and MC functions?Draw the AC, AVC, and MC curves.3.A firm has two plants that produce identical output. The cost functionsare C1 = 10y– 4y2 + y3and C2 = 10y– 2y2 + y3.b.At what output levels does the average cost curve of each plant reachits minimum?c. If the firm wants to produce 4 units of output, how much should it produce in each plant?4. A firm that makes widgets must build a plan that will cost $10,000. The plant will be able to produce up to 10,000 units, at which point its capacity will be reached and a new plant will be needed. The total cost function for each plant (including the fixed cost of building the plant) is C (y ) = 10,000 – x 1/2/100.a) Determine the cost function for this firm.b) Is this cost function subadditive over the range of outputs from 1 unit to 10,000 units? Is it subadditive for all levels of output?14 FIRM SUPPLY1. If a competitive firm ’s cost function is C (y ) = 100 + 10y – y 2 + 31y 3, what is the firm ’s marginal cost function? What is the firm ’s profit- maximizing condition?2. If a competitive firm ’s cost function is C (y ) = a + by + cy 2 + dy 3, where a , b , c , and d are constants, what is the firm ’s marginal cost function? What is the firm ’s profit-maximizing condition?3. Consider a firm with a total cost curve of TC = 1,000 + q 3/3 – 2q 2 + 6q . a) What is the lowest price at which this firm will want to supply a positive amount to the market in the short run?b) At the “lowest price”, how much will be supplied?c) How much will be supplied in the short run if the price is $10?4. What is the effect on firm and market equilibrium of a law requiring afirm to give its workers six months’ notice before it can shut down its plant?15 INDUSTRY SUPPLY1. Each firm in a competitive market has a cost function of C = 16 + y2.The market demand function is Q = 24–y. Determine the equilibrium price, quantity per firm, market quantity, and number of firms.2. Assume that the taxi industry in the town of New City is perfectlycompetitive. Also assume that the constant marginal cost of a taxi ride is $5 per trip and that each taxi is capable of making 20 trips a day. We will let the demand function for taxi rides each day be D(p) = 1,100 –20p.a)What is the perfectly competitive price of a taxi ride?b)How many rides will the citizens of New City make every day?c)How many taxis will operate in New City?Assume that every taxi that operates in New City has a special license. Therefore, the number of such licenses is the same as the number of taxis that you calculated in Part c of this problem. Further assume that the demand for taxi rides has increased and is now D(p) =1,200 - 20p. The cost of operating a taxi is still $5 per ride, and the number of taxis has not changed.d)Calculate the price that will equate demand with supply.e)Calculate the profit that each taxi will earn on a ride.f)Calculate the daily profit of each taxi. (Hint: Continue to assume thateach taxi can make only 20 rides a day)3. A competitive market has an unlimited number of potential suppliersproducing the same output, and each supplier has a long-run average cost function of AC= q2 –4q+ 6 and a long-run marginal cost function of MC = 3q2 – 8q + 6.a) Find the equilibrium quantity q produced by each firm in the long run.b) Find the long-run equilibrium price.4. Assume that a very large number of firms in an industry all have accessto the same production technology. The total cost function associated with this technology is TC(Q) = 40Q–24Q2 + 4Q3. If the demand function for the industry’s product is Q = 19 –P, how many firms will produce positive amounts of output at a competitive (that is, zero profit) equilibrium?5. Assume that a certain small town contains a large number ofwidget-producing firms. All the firms buy oil from the same refinery.Firm 1 is situated very close to the refinery, and the other firms are located 50 miles away. Firm 1 pays $18 per barrel for the oil, while theother firms pay $18 per barrel plus a transportation charge of $.05 cents a mile, or a total of $20.50 per barrel.To produce four widgets, a firm needs 1/10 barrel of oil, 1/2 hour of labor, and the use of one machine. The cost of labor is $10 per hour, and the necessary machine can be rented for $5 per hour. No firm has the capacity to produce more than 100 units of widgets.a)Derive the supply curve for firm1. Derive the supply curve for all theother firms.b)What is the equilibrium price?c)Does any firm earn economic rent (that is, extra economic profit) inthe industry?d)Does firm 1 affect the price of widgets in the industry? If not, whynot?e)Suppose that there is no capacity limit. What will the equilibrium pricebe?f)Will firm 1 affect the price when there is unlimited capacity?16 MONOPOLY1.Show that after a shift in the demand curve, a monopoly’s price mayremain constant but its output may rise.2.When is a monopoly unlikely to be profitable?(Hint: Discuss therelationship between market demand and average cost)3.The inverse demand curve a monopoly faces is p = 100 - Q. The firm’scost curve is C(Q) = 10 + 5Q. What is the profit-maximizing solution?4.How does your answer to Problem 3 change if C(Q) = 100 + 5Q?5.A monopoly’s production function is: y = L1/2K1/2, where L is labor andK is capital. The demand function is p = 100–y. The wage, w, is $1 per hour, and the rental cost of capital, r, is $4.a.Derive the long-run total cost curve equation as a function of y.b.What quantity maximizes this firm’s profit?c.Find the optimal input combination that produces the profit-maximizing quantity. Illustrate with a graph.6. Suppose that a monopolist faces a demand curve of P = 100 - 2Q. Herfirm has costs of C(Q) = 5Q2.a) What is the revenue function for this monopolist?b) What is the marginal revenue function?c) What is the marginal cost function?d) What is the profit-maximizing output for this monopolist?e) What is the maximum profit this firm can make?f) If this monopolist has to pay a permission free of $150 to the stategovernment in order to start the business, will her optimal level of output change? If not, why not?17 FACTOR MARKETS1.A monopsony faces a supply curve: w = 10 + x. What is its marginalexpenditure curve?18 OLIGOPOLY1.What is the duopoly Cournot equilibrium if the market demandfunction is Q = 1000–1000p, and each firm’s marginal cost is $0.28 per unit?2. Consider a duopolistic market with two firms, A and B, facing ademand curve of p = 1 –q A–q B. Assume that initially each firm has access to the same technology with constant returns to scale and that the cost of production is C A = q A/2 for firm A and C B= q B/2 for firm B.a) What is the profit function for each firm?b) Graph the reaction functions for firms.c) What is the equilibrium outputs?d) Assume that the initial output levels of the two firms are given by pointX(3/10, 4/10) and Y(1/10, 2/10). Show in a graph the process of change in the output levels of the two firms and the point at which their output levels converge.3. A duopoly faces a market demand of p= 120–Q. Firm 1 has aconstant marginal cost of MC1 = 20. Firm 2’s constant marginal cost is MC2 = 40. Calculate the output of each firm, market output, and price if there is (a) a collusive equilibrium or (b) a Cournot equilibrium.4. Assume that there are two firms in a market, firm 1 and firm 2. Thetotal demand for the identical product they make is p = 200 – 2(q1 + q2), where q1 is the output of firm 1 and q2 is the output of firm 2. The production costs of firm 1 and firm 2 are C1 = q12and C2 = q22, respectively.a) Assume that firm 2 decides to produce either 20, 40, 60, or 100 units ofoutput. Show the demand curve and the marginal revenue curve facing firm 1 in each of these situations, assuming that the output levels will remain unchanged once they are chosen.b) Define the output that represents the best (the profit-maximizing)response of firm 1 to each of the output levels chosen by firm 2.19 EXCHANGE1.Initially, Michael has 10 candy bars and 5 cookies, and Tony has 5candy bars and 10 cookies. After trading, Michael has 12 candy bars and 3 cookies. In an Edgeworth box, label the initial Allocation A and the new Allocation B. Draw some indifference curves that are consistent with this trade being optimal for both Michael and Tony. 2.In a pure exchange economy with two goods, G and H, the two tradershave Cobb-Douglas utility functions. Amos’s utility is U a =(G a)α(H a)1-α, and Elise’s is U e = (G e)β(H e) 1-β, what are their marginalrates of substitution?3. Continuing with problem 3: between them, Amos and Elise own 100 units of G and 50 units of H . Thus if Amos has G a and H a , Elise has G e =100 – G a and H e = 50 – H a . Solve for their contract curve.4. Arnold and Brigitte are marooned on a deserted island. Arnold has exactly one unit of Xylose and Brigitte has exactly one unit of Yam. Their preferences between these two items are represented by the following two equations:1/32/31/21/2A A AB B B U X Y U X Y =⋅=⋅In these equations, X A and Y A are the consumption of Xylose and Yam by Arnold. Similarly, X B and Y B are the consumption of Xylose and Yam by Brigitte.a) Is the following allocation Pareto-optimal? Explain why or why not.1211,,,2323A AB B X Y andX Y ==== b) If Arnold and Brigitte were to trade between themselves, would they be able to attain this allocation as a competitive equilibrium? What would be the equilibrium price ratio of Xylose to Yam? Would Arnold and Brigitte be able to afford this allocation at the equilibrium prices, given their endowments? If not, what kind of income transfer would be necessary?5. Two people trade two goods that they cannot produce. Suppose that one consumer ’s indifference curves are bowed away from the origin – the usual type of curves – but the other ’s are concave to the origin.In an Edgeworth box, show that a point of tangency between the two consumers’indifference curves is not a Pareto-efficient bundle.(Identify another allocation that Pareto dominates.)6.The demands for two goods depend on the prices of Good 1 and Good2, p1 and p2, Q1 = 15 – 3p1 + p2, Q2 = 6 – 2p2 + p1, but each supply curve depends on only its own price: Q1 = 2 + p1, Q2 = 1 + p2. Solve for the equilibrium: p 1, p2, Q1, and Q2.20 PRODUCTION1. Assume that you have exactly 100 hours of labor to allocate betweenproducing good X and good Y. Your output of goods X and Y depends solely on the hours of labor you spend in the following way:X=and Y=a)If you can sell your output of goods X and Y at the fixed prices P X = 10and P Y= 5, how much of goods X and Y would you produce to maximize your profits?b)Now assume further that you have the following utility function:U=If you can trade a bundle of goods X and Y that you produce in the market at fixed prices of P X = 10 and P Y = 5, what bundle would you produce and what bundle would you consume to maximize your utility?Are you a net demander and a net supplier of the two goods? Draw adiagram to depict what is happening.2. Suppose that the production possibilities frontier for cheeseburgers (C)and milk-shakers (M) is given by C + 2M = 600.a) Graph this function.b) Assuming that people prefer to eat two cheeseburgers with everymilk-shaker, how much of each product will be produced? Indicate this point in your graph.c) Assuming that this fast-food economy is operating efficiently, whatprice ratio (P C/P M) will prevail?21 WELFARE1. Suppose that society used the “opposite”of a Rawlsian welfarefunction: it tried to maximize the well-being of the best-off member of society. Write this welfare function. What allocation maximizes welfare in this society?2. Assume that Bob has a utility function of U = 8X1 + 1X2 – 3X3 and Joanhas a utility function of U = –2X1 + 7X2 + 5X3. Consider the following allocation:a)Is this allocation envy free?b)Is this allocation Pareto-optimal?c)Find a Pareto-optimal allocation, and determine whether it is envyfree.d)Do you think that the allocation in Part c of this problem is desirable?Why or why not?22 EXTERNALITIES1.Suppose that the only way to reduce pollution from paper productionis to reduce output. The government imposes a tax equal to the marginal harm from the pollution on the monopoly producer. Show that the tax may raise welfare.2.Suppose that the inverse demand curve for paper is p = 200–y, theprivate marginal cost (unregulated competitive market supply) is MC p = 80 + Q, and the marginal harm from gunk is MC g = y.a.What is the unregulated competitive equilibrium?b.What is the social optimum? What specific tax (per unit of output orgunk) results in the social optimum?c.What is the unregulated monopoly equilibrium?d.How would you optimally regulate the monopoly? What is theresulting equilibrium?3. A soot-spewing factory that produces steel windows is next to a。

张元鹏中级微观经济学课后习题答案

张元鹏《微观经济学》（中级教程）笔记和课后习题详解本书是张元鹏《微观经济学》（中级教程）教材的配套电子书，严格按照张元鹏《微观经济学》（中级教程）教材内容进行编写，共分四篇16章，主要包括以下内容：（1）整理复习笔记，浓缩内容精华。

每章的复习笔记以张元鹏老师编著的《微观经济学》（中级教程）为主，并结合其他微观经济学经典教材对各章的重难点进行了整理，因此，本书的内容几乎浓缩了经典教材的知识精华。

（2）解析课后习题，提供详尽答案。

本书参考大量相关辅导资料对张元鹏老师编著的《微观经济学》（中级教程）的课后思考题进行了详细的分析和解答，并对相关重要知识点进行了延伸和归纳。

（3）最新补充内容，可免费升级获得。

本书后期会进行修改完善，对于最新修订完善的内容，均可以免费升级获得。

第一篇微观经济学导论第1章微观经济学是什么1.1复习笔记1.2课后习题详解第2章需求、供给与市场均衡2.1复习笔记2.2课后习题详解第二篇完全竞争环境下的微观经济运行第3章消费者行为理论（I）3.1复习笔记3.2课后习题详解第4章消费者行为理论（II）4.1复习笔记4.2课后习题详解第5章生产者行为理论（I）5.1复习笔记5.2课后习题详解第6章生产者行为理论（II）6.1复习笔记6.2课后习题详解第7章竞争性市场分析：产品市场7.1复习笔记7.2课后习题详解第8章竞争性市场分析：要素市场8.1复习笔记8.2课后习题详解第9章一般均衡与福利经济学9.1复习笔记9.2课后习题详解第三篇不完全竞争环境下的微观经济运行第10章完全垄断理论10.1复习笔记10.2课后习题详解第11章垄断竞争理论11.1复习笔记11.2课后习题详解第12章寡头市场12.1复习笔记12.2课后习题详解第13章博弈论与厂商的策略性行为13.1复习笔记13.2课后习题详解第14章不完全竞争下的要素价格理论14.1复习笔记14.2课后习题详解第四篇不确定性、信息与市场失灵第15章不确定性、风险与信息非对称15.1复习笔记15.2课后习题详解第16章市场失灵、外部性与公共物品16.1复习笔记16.2课后习题详解。

中级微观经济学习题

《中级微观经济学》习题第一章绪论1、英国古典经济学家大卫·李嘉图在《政治经济学及税赋原理》一书中认为，市场经济是商业完全自由的经济制度，如果没有外在干预的影响，它会自然地、有序地发展下去。

李嘉图指出：“在没有政府的干预时，农业、商业和制造业最为繁荣。

”国家需要做的全部事情，就是避免一切干预，既不要鼓励生产的一个源泉，也不要抑制另一个源泉。

对此观点，你有什么看法？请予以系统论述。

2、微观经济学研究极大满足人类需要的方式，但这真的是一个切合实际的目标吗？比如，假设人民需要不好的东西，如吸毒、酗酒等等。

尽可能满足人们的这些需要仍是切合实际的吗？微观经济学对人们的需要的假设有什么问题？你认为应怎样改进？3、对大多数经济政策问题，人们可以发现经济学家之间存在很大的分歧，这能证明经济学不是一门科学吗？4、在评价经济学家的论述的准确性时，你是否能够区分：（1）经济学家的那些论述是描述性的？（2）那些是它们关于究竟应采取何种政策的论述。

5、西方有一种“奥卡姆剃刀”原则：如无必要，勿增实体。

如果两个模型预测的准确度相同，我们应选择不太复杂的那个？你是否赞成这种观点？你如何去判断一个模型的复杂程度？6、为什么一个不能通过经验事实来验证的理论不是一个好的理论？第二章供给和需求的基本原理1、需求的价格弹性有哪些类型？它们是怎样划分的？2、什么是价格控制？政府干预市场价格的后果是什么？3、短期弹性与长期弹性的区别？4、影响需求弹性与价格弹性的因素分别有哪些？5、假定需求函数为N MP Q -=，其中M 不是收入，P 表示水平价格，N （N>0）为常数。

求：需求的价格点弹性和需求的收入点弹性。

6、若某商品市场是有100个消费者，其中，60个消费者购买该市场1/3的商品，且每个消费者的需求的价格弹性为3；另外40个消费者购买该市场2/3的商品，且每个消费者的需求的价格弹性为6。

求：按照100个消费者合计的需求的价格弹性是多少？7、画图说明蛛网模型的三种情况。

中级微观经济学(1-4章习题及答案)

（1）将 1代入 CES 函数，立即得到 y A1x1 A 2x 2 ，这是线性函数。
（2）当 0 时，CES 函数成为不定式，为求其极限，对 CES 函数取对数。
ln
y A

ln(
1x
1

2
x
2
)

利用洛必达法则：
lim lim 0
ln
y A

0
币；假设他现在处于均衡状态，即是说目前的市价下他不想买进也不想卖出。证明：无论钱
币市场上钱币的价格上涨还是下跌，这个人的效用水平总会增加。（该题是关于显示偏好的
内容，参照显示偏好内容进行理解）
提示：假设现在收藏家在（ M* ， X* ）处达到均衡，其中 M 指钱币数量， X 是所有其他消费
品（的支出）。在图中，预算线与一条无差异曲线I* 相切。如果 pM 上升， pM/pX 增大，预算约束线较以前陡峭，但它必然还通过（ M* ，X* ）点，因为这点的坐标满足预算线方程[注
ln(
1x
1

2
x
2
)

lim
1x
1
ln
x1

2
x
2
ln
x2
0

1x
1

2
x
2
1 ln x1 2 ln x 2 1 2

ln
x 1a
x
b 2
其中 a

1 1 2
,b

2 ，故 y 1 2

Ax
a 1
x
b 2
（3）对 CES 函数取对数，求极限，利用洛必达法则

中级微观经济学习题

1、121212(,),2000,1000,u c c c c m m ==⋅== 两期消费品的价格都是p=1，利息率r=10%。

1）求**21,c c ，有无储蓄？2）当%20='r 时，求**21,c c 。

2. 有两种商品x1和x2，价格分别为p1和p2，一个消费者的收入为m 。

当11x x ≥时，政府加从量税t,画出预算集并写出预算线.3. 某人的小时工资为9元，资产收入为16元，他除了睡眠之外有18小时可以打工或者享受生活，他的效用函数是 u(R, c) = R ｃ，其中c 为消费市场上购买的商品的价值．问：1）此人最佳消费金额，打工时间和休闲时间。

2）如果他的小时工资上升为12元，求新的选择。

给定效用函数 (,)x y xy =，p x =3，p y =4，m=60，求当p y 降为3时价格变化引起的替代效应和收入效应。

5.一个人只消费粮食，第一期他得到1000斤，第二期得到150斤，第一期的粮食存到第二期将有25%的损耗。

他的效用函数为：1212(,)u c c c c =⋅1）如果粮食不可以拿到市场上交易，最佳消费??,21==**c c 2）如果粮食可以拿到市场上交易，两期的价格都是p=1，利息率r=10%，问最佳消费??,21==**c c6、已知某个消费者的效用函数为U=X+MIN(2X,Y)，收入M=100，开始时x 商品的价格为PX=2，y 商品的价格PY=4，现x 商品的价格变为P ’X=4，问：补偿变化CV 和等价变化EV 分别为多少？7假设美国私人部门对汽油的需求函数为： D1=40-P ，而美国其余部门对汽油的需求函数为：D2=30-P 。

又假设美国国内汽油生产者对汽油的供给函数为： S=-10+P ，而其余国家的汽油生产者愿意按25美元一桶的不变价格供应美国市场所需的汽油。

求：A 美国国内市场对汽油的总需求函数并以图表示；B. 美国国内市场对汽油的总供给函数并以图表示；C 美国国内市场上均衡价格和均衡销售量；D. 若美国政府对进口汽油征收每桶5美元的关税，那么无谓损失是多少。

中级微观经济学课后习题

第2章预算约束1.消费者的最初预算线是p1x1+p2x2=m。

接着，商品1的价格提高了1倍，商品2的价格提高了7倍，收入增加了3倍。

根据原先的价格和收入写出新的预算线的方程。

2.如果商品2的价格上涨了，而商品1的价格和收入保持不变，预算线会有什么变化？3.如果商品1的价格上涨了1倍，商品2的价格上涨了2倍，预算线是变得平缓了还是变得陡峭了？4.计价物的定义是什么?5.假设政府起初对每加仑汽油征税15美分，后来，又决定对每加仑汽油补贴7美分。

这两种方法混合运用后的税收是多少？6.假设预算方程是p1x1+p2x2=m。

如果政府决定征收u单位的总额税、对商品1征收t单位的从量税，以及对商品2进行从量补贴s，新预算线的公式是什么？7.如果消费者的收入增加了，同时有一种商品的价格下降了，那么消费者的境况会与原来一样好吗？1.如果我们有一次看到，某消费者在（y1,y2）可以同时得到的情况下选择了（x1,x2）,那么，（x1,x2）>（y1,y2）的结论正确吗？2.假设有三个人A,B和C，身高关系为“至少和…一样高”，比如“A至少和B一样高”。

这样的关系是传递的吗？是完备的吗？3.假设有三个人A,B和C，身高关系为“严格高于”。

这样的关系是传递的吗？是反身的吗？是完备的吗？4.某大学橄榄球教练说，任意给定两个前锋比如 A和B，他永远偏好身材更高大和速度更快的那个。

他的这种偏好关系是传递的吗？是完备的吗？5.某条无差异曲线能否与自身相交？例如，图3.2能否是一条无差异曲线而不是两条？6.如果偏好是单调的，能否把图3.2看成一条无差异曲线而不是两条？7.如果辣香肠和凤尾鱼都是厌恶品，那么无差异曲线的斜率为正还是负？8.解释为什么凸偏好意味着“平均束好于端点束”。

11.举例说明你的偏好在什么样的情形下为凹的。

1.课文中说，将某数字变为它的奇次幂是一种单调变换。

那么，将其变为它的偶次幂是单调变换吗？（提示：要考虑类似f(u)=u2的情形。

中级微观经济学习题（消费者理论部分）

中级微观经济学习题消费者理论部分【尼克尔森3、4、5、6章】1. 【尼克尔森3.1】画出下列效用函数的无差异曲线，并判断他们是否是凸的（及边际替代率MRS是否是随着x的增加而递减）。

（1）U(x,y)=3x+y（2）U(x,y)=xy（3）U(x,y)=x+y（4）U(x,y)= x2−y2（5）U(x,y)=xyx+y2. 某大学生仅有6天时间复习经济学、高等数学、英语三门课，要使这三门客的期末考试取得尽可能高的总成绩，他必须安排好每门课程的复习时间。

如果每门可得复习时间与相应的考试分数用下表表示，请问该学生应该如何分配复习时间才能取得尽可能搞得成绩？他可能得到的最高总分是多少？3. 【尼克尔森3.3】对于如下效用函数，请证明尽管这些效用函数具有递减的MRS，但是它们分别显示出边际效用不变、递增、递减。

（1）U(x,y)=xy（2）U(x,y)=x2y2（3）U(x,y)=lnx+lny4. 【尼克尔森3.5】Phillie Phanatic总是喜欢以一种特定的方式来吃Ballpark Franks牌热狗：他将1英尺长的热狗，恰好配以半块小圆面包，1盎司芥末以及2盎司的咸菜调味品同时食用。

他的效用是以上四种食品的函数，亲切额外一种食品的数量增加而其他食品不变是不会增加他的效用的。

（1）Phillie Phanatic对这四种食品的效用函数的形式是什么？（2）我们可以如何将Phillie Phanatic的效用视为一种商品的函数来简化问题？这种商品是什么？（3）假设每英尺热狗的价格为1元，小圆面包价格为0.5元，每盎司芥末的价格为0.05元，每盎司咸菜调味品的价格为0.15元，那么第（2）问中定义的商品价格是多少？（4）如果每英尺热狗的价格增加50%（即增至1.5元），那么该商品的价格增加的百分比是多少？（5）小圆面包的价格上涨50%将如何影响该商品的价格？观察此答案与（4）的答案有什么不同？（6）如果政府对Phillie Phanatic购买的每单位商品征税1元，则税收将如何在这4中商品中分担，从而使Phillie Phanatic的效用成本最小化？5. 【尼克尔森3.6】许多广告语是会表明了人们的某些偏好，你将如何用效用函数来描述下列广告语？（1）人造黄油与真黄油一样好。

张元鹏《微观经济学》(中级教程)笔记和课后习题详解(微观经济学是什么)【圣才】

第1章微观经济学是什么1.1 复习笔记一、稀缺性与经济学1．稀缺性稀缺性是指人们的欲望总是超过了能用于满足其欲望的资源的状态。

这里的欲望，又称为需要，是指人们想要得到任何一种东西的要求。

无限性是欲望的基本特征。

用来满足人类需要的资源可分为两类：自由取用的物品和经济物品。

前者相对于人类的欲望来说，其数量是无限的，取用时不需要花费任何代价，其价格为零，如自然界中的空气、水等；而经济物品相对人类无限多样性的需要或欲望而言，其数量是有限的，取用时需要付出一定的代价。

通常只有经济物品才要纳入经济学分析的范畴。

2．基本经济问题由于稀缺性是任何社会和任何时期人类所面临的一个基本事实，它反映了人欲望的无限性和资源的有限性的矛盾。

正是这种矛盾引起了人类的各种各样的经济活动，并产生大量的经济问题。

归纳起来，人们所面临的经济问题主要有以下三个方面：（1）生产什么面对稀缺的经济资源，人们需要权衡各种需要的轻重缓急，以满足比较强烈的需要。

（2）如何生产经济主体必须在各种可供选择的资源组合中，选择使成本最低、效率最高的组合方式。

（3）为谁生产因为存在稀缺性，没有人能获得他想要的一切。

每个社会都必须建立某种机制来为其成员分配产品。

上面三个问题是人类社会必须解决的基本经济问题，亦被称为资源配置问题。

正是为了解决这些问题，才产生了经济学。

3．经济学的定义经济学是研究如何将稀缺的资源有效地配置于相互竞争的用途之中以使人类欲望得到最大限度满足的科学。

二、微观经济学的研究对象、内容及其基本假设1．微观经济学的研究对象及其内容（1）微观经济学的研究对象微观经济学阐述单个经济单位为什么和如何作出经济决策，以及这些经济单位是怎样相互作用从而形成更大的经济单位：市场和行业。

微观经济学主要是以单个经济主体为研究对象，研究这些单个经济主体面对既定的资源约束时如何进行选择以实现其最优配置的科学。

（2）微观经济学与宏观经济学的关系宏观经济学研究的是总体经济行为与总量经济的关系。

中级微观经济学习题解答最终版5

2、假设某消费者的效用函数为U XY =，X 和Y 表示两种商品，当效用为20单位、X 商品的消费量为5时，Y 商品的消费量是多少？这一商品消费组合对应的边际替代率是多少？如果这时的组合是达到消费者均衡的组合，那么X 和Y 两种商品的价格之比应为多少？① ∵U XY =当错误！未找到引用源。

=20时，由X=5得：错误！未找到引用源。

=80。

② 边际替代率YXMU MU 错误！未找到引用源。

11221=2X MU X Y -③ 达到均衡时，故：错误！未找到引用源。

. 3、已知效用函数为1U X Y αα-=，求商品的边际替代率MRS XY 和MRS YX ，并求当X 和Y 的数量分别为4和12时的边际替代率。

解：22max ..X YU X Y s t I P X P Y ⎧=⎨=+⎩22()X Y L X Y I P X P Y λ=+--220X L XY P Xλ∂=-=∂……（1） 220Y L X Y P Yλ∂=-=∂……（2） 0X Y L I P X P Y λ∂=--=∂……（3）（1）除于（2）可得：X YP Y X P =……（4）由（4）得：X YP Y X P =……（5）将（5）代入（3）得：2XI X P =……（6）将（6）代入（5）得： 2Y I Y P =……（7）答：（4）式为一阶条件，（6）、（7）式为需求函数。

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