国贸翻译(中英文互译)

bor productivity劳动生产率2.production-possibility curve(ppc)生产可能性边界3.absolute advantage绝对优势comparative advantage比较优势4.principle of comparative advantage比较优势原则：(A country will export the goods and services that it can produce at a low opportunity cost and import the goods and services that it would otherwise produce at a high opportunity cost. )5.opportunity cost机会成本(the value of other goods and services that are not produced because resources are instead used to produce this product.)increasing marginal cost 递增边际成本6.Constant Marginal Cost: 边际成本不变7.( community)indifference curve (社会)无差异曲线8. labor-intensive劳动密集型的9.terms of trade贸易条件:(the ratio of the price of its export commodity to the price of its import commodity)10.Zero-sum game 零和竞争Positive-sum game合作博弈11. Factor-endowment生产要素Factor-proportions要素比例12.Export-oriented 、import-competing sector出、进口导向部门13.economic growth经济增长balanced growth平衡增长biased growth 偏颇增长immiserizing growth悲惨性增长14. product cycle hypothesis 产品生命周期理论The five stages: 五个阶段The introduction of the product；Expansion of production for export ；Standardization and beginning of production abroad through imitation ；Foreign imitators underselling the nation in third markets ；Foreigners underselling the innovating firms in their home market as well.15.Dutch disease荷兰病Alternative Theories of Trade贸易的替代理论16.Monopolistic competition垄断竞争Global oligopoly全球寡头垄断17.Constant returns to scale规模报酬不变Internal scale economies内部规模经济External scale economies外部规模经济18.Intra-industry Trade产业内部贸易(two way trade in which a country both exports and imports the same or very similar products) Inter-industry trade产业间贸易(a country exports some products in trade for imports of others quite different products)19.Small country (price-taker)小国Large country (price-setter)大国20.Tariff关税: （a tax on importing a good or service into a country customs）countervailing duties（反补贴税）anti-dumping duties（反倾销税）Specific tariff(从量税) Ad Valorem tariff (从价税) Compound tariff (复合税) Alternative duties (选择税）Monopsony power买方垄断势力The Nationally Optimal T ariff全国最优关税21.consumption effect消费效应production effect生产效应22.Nontariff barriers (NTBS)非关税壁垒Import Quota (Quota) 进口配额import-license auction进口许可证拍卖resource-using application procedures使用资源的应用程序Resource-using procedures资源使用的过程Voluntary Export Restraints （VER）(自愿出口限制) TBT( technical barrierto trade) (技术性贸易壁垒)23.Domestic Content Requirements国内成分要求Mixing requirements混合要求Net loss净损失ernment procurement政府采购业务fixed favoritism固定偏袒25.Market failure市场失灵Government failure政府失灵26.The infant industry幼稚产业spillover effect 溢出效应27.Predatory dumping掠夺性倾销（恶性倾销）Cyclical dumping周期性倾销Seasonal dumping季节性倾销: sell off excess inventories of a product 28.Antidumping duty反倾销税(discrepancy不符)Export Subsidy出口补贴Government subsidize exports政府补贴出口Countervailing duty反补贴税Strategic export subsidy战略性出口补贴Game theory.博弈理论29.price discrimination价格歧视30.Trade Blocs贸易集团: each member country can import from other member countries freely, or at least cheaply, while imposing barriers against imports from outside countries.31. Trade embargoes贸易禁运: some countries discriminate completely against certain other countries, for a policy dispute. Block exports to or imports from, even block both exports and imports.32.Free-trade area自由贸易区: members remove trade barriers among themselves but keep their separate national barriers against trade with the outside world. (NAFTA北美自由贸易区)33.Customs Union关税联盟: members remove all barriers to trade amongthemselves and also adopt a common set of external barriers. (EEC,欧洲经济共同体European Economic Community 1957-1992)34. Preferential Trade Arrangement优惠贸易协定: provide lower barriers on trade among participating nations on trade than with nonmember nations35. Common Market共同市场: members allow full freedom of factor flows (migration of labor and capital) among themselves in additional to having a customs union. (EC欧共体（European Community)36.Most favored nation principle( MFN最惠国): any concession given to any foreign nation must be given to all nations having MFN status 37.Trade creation贸易创造: net volume of new trade created by forming the trade bloc. Increase the welfare of the country because it shifts productions from less efficient domestic producers to the more efficient producers inside union.38.Trade diversion贸易转向: the volume of trade diverted from low-cost outside exporters to higher-cost bloc-partner exporters. Reduce the welfare of the country. ASEAN东南亚国家联盟APEC亚太经贸合作组织Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation39.H—O model: a nation will export the commodity whose production requires the intensive use of the nation’s relatively abundant and deep factor and import the commodity whose production requires the intensive use of the nation’s relatively scare and expensive factor.。