高考英语阅读理解讲解

高考英语阅读理解讲解

讨论阅读理解的解题技巧和思路，高考阅读以什么形式来考查五种阅读能力。解决每类试题有何技巧，以及解题过程中，考生要避免什么样的错误，以期望帮助大家提高阅读理解能力和解题能力。

一、主旨判断类题型

1. 定义：这类题型主要考查考生的归纳能力，即通过阅读归纳中心思想，总结段落大意，把握文章的主旨。

2. 形式：这类题通常以下列形式出现：

⑴Which sentence best expresses the main idea of the passage?

⑵The passage is mainly about ？

⑶The best title for this passage is ?

⑷The passage mainly tells us that ?

⑸The main idea / subject / topic of this passage is ?

⑹Which of the following best summarizes the passage?

⑺The purpose of the passage is ?

⑻Which sentence best expresses the main idea of the passage?

⑼The passage is mainly about ?

⑽The best title for this passage is ？

3. 解题思路：⑴读首句抓大意。说明文、议论文多采用这种结构。文章或段落的中心，即主题句

（topic sentence）在句首。⑵读尾句抓大意。英文的有些文章或段落把主题句放在文章的结尾，作为对全篇的总结。⑶读首尾句抓大意。有些文章或段落开头和结尾都有主题句，这种安排是为了前后照应，突出主题思想。⑷从归纳要点抓大意。有些文章或段落主题句不明显或者没有主题句，这就要求考生考虑文章的组织材料及支撑细节是围绕什么主题展开并为之服务的，从而归纳出中心思想或段落大意。

4. 例题分析：例1、Parties held by the wealthy seldom welcome poor guests. But last week China made

it through the doors into a gathering of the world’s richest countries.

Question; The best title of the passage is C .

A. China’s Economic Growth.

B. China Becomes Richest

C. China Meets G7

D. China Plays an Important Role. (AD是支撑句，也过于空乏)

Jin Renqing, China’s finance minister, and Zhou Xiaochuan, governor of the People’s Bank of China, joined a meeting of the Group of Seven (G7) on October 1st. It is the first time that China has had direct talks with the club. It was a good chance to share the world power’s thoughts about critical economic issues and promote understanding.

China’s participation is a natural part of its increasingly important role in the global economy. China is the world’s factory and the biggest market.

America and China made up almost half of global economic growth last year. “If American consumers and Chinese producers were to reduce their activities at the same time, global growth would drop greatly,”said the Economist, a leading British economics magazine.

Up to now Chinese economic stability(稳定) has been closely related to world development. “The increasingly connected global economy means that China should be a part of the meeting.”Said Stephen Roach, a world famous economist.

例2. On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin. Everyone was astonished to see him. There was just one problem. Merlin had no way to stop his roller skater. He rolled on and on. Suddenly he ran into a huge mirror that was hanging on the wall. Down fell the mirror, breaking into pieces. Nobody forgot Merlin’s grand entrance for a long time!

Question: What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the paragraph？(C)

A. The roller skater needed further improvement.

B. The party guests took Merlin for a fool

C. Merlin succeeded beyond expectation

D. Merlin got himself into trouble.

划线部分是细节题，是围绕C 展开的。如果把划双线部分当作重点，就会误选AD，那就犯了一个典型的错误，根据自己的经历和文化背景作出这样的思考。注意：归纳时不要把自己的见解、经验、经历、价值观、文化背景融入到对主旨题的理解当中，而要绝对忠实于原文。

例3. If you dream of going someplace warm to escape the cold winter weather, a trip to a recently discovered planet would certainly warm you right up. The planet, named OGLE-TR-56b, has temperatures of more than 3000℉. “This is the hottest planet we know about,” says Dr. Dimitar Sasselov, a scientist who led the discovery team. “It is hot enough to have an iron fog and to rain hot iron droplets(细末).”

The new planet is 30 times farther away than any planet discovered by scientists before. It is in the Milky Way (银河) but it is not in our solar(太阳的) system. The new planet moves around a star much like our sun, however. Scientists discovered the planet by using a new planet-searching method, called “transit technique.”

They were able to catch sight of the planet when it moved in front of its star, causing the star’s light to dim(变暗). Scientists compare the method to discovering the shadow of a bee flying in front of a searchlight 200 miles away. “We believe the door has been opened wide to go and discover planets like Earth,” says Sasselov.

Question：Which is the best title for the passage? B

A. New Planet-searching Technique.

B. New Distant Discovery

C. Space Searching

D. Dream planet

这是一道难度较大的主旨判断题，CD过于抽象，不具有归纳性。AB迷惑性较大。这是一篇科技类文章。如果把A作为文章的标题，给读者的第一印象是：文章的核心在谈论这项技术的发现、应用等，这显然不符合这篇文章的内容。

5. 注意事项：⑴归纳中心思想时学会把握主题句，分清主题句和支撑细节之间的关系。不可把符

合文章但起服务功能的支撑句作为文章的主旨。⑵作为文章主旨的选项不能太抽象，这类选项一具备概括性。⑶对无主题句的篇章归纳中心思想时要忠实于原文，找到文章的切入点，考生万万不可随意把个人的思维方式、经验经历、价值取向等题外因素融入对文章的理解。⑷对于主旨判断类题型尤其是给文章找一个合适的标题，有一个行之有效的检测手段，被选选项或标题能够告诉读者文章大意或中心，就是正确的选项。就是你一看到这个标题，你就能估计到文章在谈论什么。

二、词义猜测类题型

1. 定义：猜测词义是英语阅读的重要技巧，也是高考中必考的题型。要求考生通过解释性语言、对

比关系、因果关系、同类关系、逻辑关系、构词法等手段猜测某些字、词、句在特定语境中的含意。

2. 形式这类题常常以下形式出现：

⑴The underlined word / phrase / sentence means .

⑵The underlined word /phrase / sentence refers to .

⑶The underlined word / phrase / sentence can be replaced by .

⑷Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word / phrase/ sentence in Line 1/ paragraph 2?

⑸The underlined word / phrase / sentence can be best defined as .