小升初英语语法-形容词、副词

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六、形容词、副词:

1、形容词:用来修饰名词,表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词,叫形容词。

1)形容词的句法作用:作句子中名词的定语、句子的表语以及宾语补足语。例如:

You can see a lot of beautiful flowers in the garden.(定语)

Your coat is too small.(表语)

The old woman keeps everything clean and tidy.(宾语补足语)

【注意】:有些形容词只能作表语,如:alone(独自的), afraid(害怕的), asleep(睡着的), awake (醒着的), alive(活的)ill等。例如:

例如:She is alone.她一个人。

I am afraid of dogs. 我害怕狗。

Don’t wake the sleeping baby up. He is asleep.

The old man is alone.

2)形容词在句子中的位置:

(1)形容词作定语时通常放在名词的前面,如:a big apple

(2)多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序是:1)冠词或形物代2)数词3)性质4)大小5)形

状6)表示老少,新旧7)颜色8)事务、人的国籍、质地、用途。例如:

【注】:冠词—数量—大小——长短——新旧——国籍——材料

如:His grandpa still lives in this small short house. 他爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。

The woman bought two beautiful Chinese plates. 那个妇女买了两个漂亮的中国盘子。(3)形容词用来修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词,要放在这些词的后面。

例如:You’d better tell us something interesting.

The police found nothing strange in the room.

Something serious has happened to him.

(4)表示“长、宽、高、重、老、远离”的表示数量的词组的用法。如:

He’s 1.8 metres tall. (他身高1.8米。)

The moon is about 380,000 kilometres away from the earth.(月球离地38万公里)

One day, a young man, twenty-five years old, came to visit the professor.

有一天,一位25岁的年轻人来拜访这位教授。

I live in a building about fifty meters high. 我住在一做大约50米高的大楼里。

(5)形容词短语做定语时要后置。如:

They are the students easy to teach. 他们是很容易教的学生。

We live in a house much larger than yours. 我们住的房子比你们的大得多。

(6)作表语时放在系动词之后。如:The price sounds reasonable.(这个价格听起来算是合理)

(7)作宾语补足语时放在宾语之后。如:We must try our best to keep our environment clean.

3)有关形容词的用法辨析:

(1)whole与all:记住两个词序:①the whole + 名词;②all (of) the + 名词。如:He was busy the

whole morning.(整个早晨他都很忙) / He can remember all the words he learns.(他能记住学过的所有单词)

(2)tall与high, short与low:指人的个子时用tall与short;指其他事物时一般用high与low。如:

He’s very tall/short.(他个子高/矮) / Tall trees are standing on both sides of that avenue.(大道的两侧有高大的树木) / A few people live on high mountains.(少量的人住在高山上)

(3)real与true:real一般指东西的真假, 译为“真的”;而true则指事情或消息的可靠性, 译为“真

实的”。如:This is a real diamond(钻石) and it’s very expensive. (这是货真价实的钻石,非常贵) / --Is that true? --Yes. I heard it with my own ears. (那真实吗?是的,我亲耳所听)

(4)interested与interesting的区别:interesting指人或东西―有趣的‖,作定语或表语,而interested则表

示人对别的事物―感兴趣的‖,只能作表语。如:The man is very interesting and all the children like him. (这个人很有趣,孩子们都喜欢他)/ This book is interesting and you can really enjoy yourself.(这本书很有趣,你会真正获得享受) / I am interested in science.(我对自然科学感兴趣)

(5)such用法:such + a(n) + 名词(单数)(+that从句)。如:I have never seen such a foolish(愚蠢的)

boy.(我从来没有见过这么蠢的男孩) / He had such a terrible accident that he could never forget

it.(他遭遇了这么可怕的事故,他永远也不会忘记)

(6)good与well:表示―好‖时,作定语或表语用good,作状语用well;表示―(身体)好‖时用well.如:

Doing sports is good for us.(进行运动对我们有益) / Study well and make progress every day.(好好学习,天天向上) / --How are you?—I am very well.(你好吗?我很好。)

(7)nice与fine:的区别:nice表示令人愉快的, 可以指东西、人物外表等;fine一般指身体或天气

好。如:Let’s go and share(分享) the nice cake.(我们去分享那块美味的蛋糕吧) / She is a nice

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