美国统一商法典中英

美国统一商法典Uniform Commercial Code2008-7-29【大中小】U.C.C. - ARTICLE 1 - GENERAL PROVISIONSPART 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS [Table of Contents]§ 1-101. Short Titles.（a）This [Act] may be cited as the Uniform Commercial Code.（b）This article may be cited as Uniform Commercial Code-General Provisions.§ 1-102. Scope of Article.This article applies to a transaction to the extent that it is governed by another article of [the Uniform Commercial Code].§ 1-103. Construction of [Uniform Commercial Code] to Promote its Purposes and Policies: Applicability of Supplemental Principles of Law.（a）[The Uniform Commercial Code] must be liberally construed and applied to promote its underlying purposes and policies, which are: （1）to simplify, clarify, and modernize the law governing commercial transactions; （2）to permit the continued expansion of commercial practices through custom, usage, and agreement of the parties; and （3）to make uniform the law among the various jurisdictions.（b）Unless displaced by the particular provisions of [the Uniform Commercial Code], the principles of law and equity, including the law merchant and the law relative to capacity to contract, principal and agent, estoppel, fraud, misrepresentation, duress, coercion, mistake, bankruptcy, and other validating or invalidating cause supplement its provisions.第１—１０１条简称本法称为并可被引用为《统一商法典》。

第１—１０２条宗旨；解释原则；通过协议改变本法条款的效力１．本法应作灵活的解释和适用，以促进本法之基本宗旨的实现。

２．本法之基本宗旨为：ａ．使调整商业交易的法律更加简洁、明确并适应现代要求；ｂ．使商业作法能够通过习惯、行业惯例和当事方协议不断获得发展；ｃ．使各州调整商业交易的法律归于统一。

３．在本法没有相反规定的情况下，本法各条款的效力可以通过当事方的协议加以改变。

本法规定的善意、勤勉、合理和注意的义务，不得通过协议加以排除；但是，当事方可以通过协议确定履行这些义务的标准。

所确定的标准不得明显不合理。

４．本法某些条款包含有“除非另有协议”或类似词句，这并不意味着未包含此类词句的其它条款的效力就不可以通过本条第３款所规定的协议加以改变。

５．除上下文另有所指外，在本法中，ａ．单数词包含复数含义，复数词包含单数含义；ｂ．阳性词包含阴性含义和中性含义；在可以得到合理解释时，中性词包含任何词性的含义。

§ 1-104. Construction Against Implied Repeal.[The Uniform Commercial Code] being a general act intended as a unified coverage of its subject matter, no part of it shall be deemed to be impliedly repealed by subsequent legislation if such construction can reasonably be avoided.§ 1-105. Severability.If any provision or clause of [the Uniform Commercial Code] or its application to any personor circumstance is held invalid, the invalidity does not affect other provisions or applications of [the Uniform Commercial Code] which can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, and to this end the provisions of [the Uniform Commercial Code] are severable.第１—１０３条一般法律原则应作为本法的补充在本法没有具体条款予以排除的情况下，普通法和衡平法的各项原则，包括商人法和涉及合同能力、本人和代理人、禁止反悔、欺诈、虚伪说明、胁迫、强制、错误或破产的法律，或其它使合同生效或失效的法律，应作为本法的补充。

第１—１０４条不作默示废除之解释本法是一部旨在统一其领域内法律规范的一般法。

在可以合理避免的情况下，本法的任何部分均不应被认为被本法以后的立法所默示废除。

第１—１０５条本法的地域效力；当事方选择适用法的权力１．除本条后述另有规定外，如果一项交易同时与本州和它州或它国有合理联系，当事方可以协议选择本州法律或它州或它国法律作为确定他们权利和义务的法律。

如果无协议，本法适用于与本州有适当联系的交易。

２．当本法下列任何条款对适用法作出规定时，应按条款之规定适用有关的适用法；相反之协议，只在所规定之适用法（包括冲突法规范）允许的范围内才有效：债权人对已售出之货物的权利第２—４０２条；银行存款和收款篇的适用第４—１０２条；受大宗转让篇约束的大宗转让第６—１０２条；投资证券篇中的法律适用问题第８—１０６条；担保交易篇中有关担保权益之完善的条款第９—１０３条。

§ 1-106. Use of Singular and Plural; Gender.In [the Uniform Commercial Code], unless the statutory context otherwise requires: （1）words in the singular number include the plural, and those in the plural include the singular; and （2）words of any gender also refer to any other gender.§ 1-107. Section Captions.Section captions are part of [the Uniform Commercial Code].§ 1-108. Relation to Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act.This article modifies, limits, and supersedes the federal Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, 15 U.S.C. Section 7001 et seq., except that nothing in this article modifies, limits, or supersedes Section 7001（c）of that Act or authorizes electronic delivery of any of the notices described in Section 7003（b）of that Act.第１—１０６条灵活提供救济１．应为使受损方尽可能地恢复到另一方充分履行义务时他本应达到的状态而灵活提供本法所规定的救济；但除非本法或其它法律另有特别规定，受损方无权就间接损失或特别损失取得赔偿，也无权取得惩罚性赔偿。

２．本法所规定的任何权利或义务，均可通过诉讼强制执行，除非设定此种权利或义务的条款另有不同的和限制性的规定。

第１—１０７条放弃因对方违约而产生的请求权或其它权利受损方可在签署并交付书面弃权声明后无对价地全部或部分放弃因对方违约而产生的请求权或其它权利。

第１—１０８条条款的独立性如果本法的任何条款或其对任何人或任何情况的适用被判决无效，此种无效不应影响本法的其它条款或其适用，除非此种无效必然导致该其它条款或其适用的无效。

在此种意义上，本法的各条款是独立的。

第１—１０９条标题本法各条的标题均为本法的组成部分。

PART 2. GENERAL DEFINITIONS AND PRINCIPLES OF INTERPRETATION [Table of Contents]§ 1-201. General Definitions.（a）Unless the context otherwise requires, words or phrases defined in this section, or in the additional definitions contained in other articles of [the Uniform Commercial Code] that apply to particular articles or parts thereof, have the meanings stated.（b）Subject to definitions contained in other articles of [the Uniform Commercial Code] that apply to particular articles or parts thereof:（1）"Action", in the sense of a judicial proceeding, includes recoupment, counterclaim, set-off, suit in equity, and any other proceeding in which rights are determined.（2）"Aggrieved party" means a party entitled to pursue a remedy.（3）"Agreement", as distinguished from "contract", means the bargain of the parties in fact, as found in their language or inferred from other circumstances, including course of performance, course of dealing, or usage of trade as provided in Section 1-303.（4）"Bank" means a person engaged in the business of banking and includes a savings bank, savings and loan association, credit union, and trust company.（5）"Bearer" means a person in possession of a negotiable instrument, document of title, or certificated security that is payable to bearer or indorsed in blank.（6）"Bill of lading" means a document evidencing the receipt of goods for shipment issued by a person engaged in the business of transporting or forwarding goods.（7）"Branch" includes a separately incorporated foreign branch of a bank.（8）"Burden of establishing" a fact means the burden of persuading the trier of fact that the existence of the fact is more probable than its nonexistence.（9）"Buyer in ordinary course of business" means a person that buys goods in good faith, without knowledge that the sale violates the rights of another person in the goods, and in the ordinary course from a person, other than a pawnbroker, in the business of selling goods of that kind. A person buys goods in the ordinary course if the sale to the person comports with the usual or customary practices in the kind of business in which the seller is engaged or with the seller's own usual or customary practices. A person that sells oil, gas, or other minerals at the wellhead or minehead is a person in the business of selling goods of that kind. A buyer in ordinary course of business may buy for cash, by exchange of other property, or on secured or unsecured credit, and may acquire goods or documents of title under a preexisting contract for sale. Only a buyer that takes possession of the goods or has a right to recover the goods from the seller under Article 2 may be a buyer in ordinary course of business. "Buyer in ordinary course of business" does not include a person that acquires goods in a transfer in bulk or as security for or in total or partial satisfaction of a money debt.（10）"Conspicuous", with reference to a term, means so written, displayed, or presented that a reasonable person against which it is to operate ought to have noticed it. Whether a term is "conspicuous" or not is a decision for the court. Conspicuous terms include the following: （A）aheading in capitals equal to or greater in size than the surrounding text, or in contrasting type, font, or color to the surrounding text of the same or lesser size; and （B）language in the body of a record or display in larger type than the surrounding text, or in contrasting type, font, or color to the surrounding text of the same size, or set off from surrounding text of the same size by symbols or other marks that call attention to the language.第二章一般定义和解释原则第１—２０１条一般定义除本法以后各篇为适用该篇或其任何一章而对下列定义作出补充定义或上下文另有所指外，在本法中，１．“诉讼”包括反诉、反请求、债务抵销、衡平诉讼以及其它任何确定权利的法律程序。