非谓语动词有3种形式
非谓语动词的分类与形式
非谓语动词的分类与形式非谓语动词是指在句子中不充当谓语的动词形式。
它具有自己的词性和句法作用，可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语等。
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词三种形式，它们在语法上有一定的分类与形式。
本文将对非谓语动词的分类与形式进行探讨。
一、不定式形式不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式，通常由"to + 动词原形"构成。
不定式的形式简单明了，具有诸多的用法。
根据其功能不同，不定式可分为以下几类：1.1 主动形式不定式的主动形式表示动作或状态的主动和一般性，常用于主动句中作为动词的宾语或宾补，例如：- She likes to swim in the sea.（她喜欢在海里游泳。
）- They want to visit the museum.（他们想参观博物馆。
）1.2 被动形式不定式的被动形式表示动作或状态的被动和一般性，常用于被动句中作为动词的宾语或宾补，例如：- The box needs to be carried upstairs.（这个盒子需要被搬到楼上。
）- He wants to be invited to the party.（他想被邀请参加派对。
）1.3 完成形式不定式的完成形式表示动作或状态在谓语动词之前发生，常用于表示完成的动作或状态，例如：- They seem to have finished the project.（他们似乎已经完成了这个项目。
）- I happen to have seen that movie before.（我碰巧之前看过那部电影。
）二、动名词形式动名词是以动词的-ing形式作为名词使用，具有名词和动词的特点。
动名词可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
根据其功能不同，动名词可分为以下几类：2.1 主动形式动名词的主动形式表示动作的主动和持续性，常用于主动句中作为主语或动词的宾语，例如：- Swimming is good for health.（游泳对健康有益。
非谓语动词的三种形式例句
非谓语动词的三种形式例句1. 引言嘿，大家好！今天我们来聊聊非谓语动词，别担心，不用像在课堂上那样紧张。
非谓语动词，听起来很复杂，但其实就是那些不和主语“打交道”的动词形式。
简单点说，就是它们不会像普通动词那样变来变去。
我们可以把它们分成三种：不定式、动名词和分词。
接下来，让我们用一些轻松幽默的例子来揭开它们的神秘面纱！2. 不定式（to do）2.1 说到不定式首先，不定式，就是那种带有“to”的动词，比如“to eat”（吃）、“to go”（去）。
咱们常常用不定式来表示目的或者想法。
想象一下，一个小朋友跑去妈妈面前说：“妈妈，我想吃冰淇淋！”这里的“to eat”就是不定式，表达了他的心愿。
2.2 例句分享再说个有趣的例子。
比如，有个朋友总是打算去健身房，但每次都是“计划去”（to plan to go）然后却又选择了沙发和零食。
我们可以说：“He wants to get fit, but he prefers to chill on the couch.”（他想要变得健康，但他更喜欢窝在沙发上。
）这个不定式真是形象地展现了他的挣扎啊！3. 动名词（doing）3.1 动名词的魅力接下来是动名词，这种形式听起来有点像个高冷的家伙，其实就是加上“ing”的动词，比如“eating”（吃）和“going”（去）。
动名词在句子里可以当名词用，简单说就是它能出现在主语或宾语的位置上。
想象一下，一个人正在享受美食，你可以说：“Eating ice cream makes me happy.”（吃冰淇淋让我快乐。
）。
3.2 有趣的场景再来个生活中的例子吧。
想象一下你和朋友在讨论周末的计划，你说：“I love hiking on we ekends!”（我喜欢周末去爬山！）这就是用动名词表达你对活动的喜爱。
可当你的朋友说：“I prefer bingewatching shows all day.”（我更喜欢一整天追剧。
动词的非谓语形式有三种
动词的非谓语形式有三种：不定式、动名词和分词。
一、不定式由“to＋动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to do”。
不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语。
不定式没有人称和数的变化，有时态和语态的变化。
不定式可以作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语。
不定式复合结构为“介词＋sb.(sth.)＋to do”，其中“介词＋sb.(sth.)”表明不定式动作的发出者，为逻辑主语。
1. 不定式的用法：(1)作主语。
不定式短语作主语时，为了使句子结构平衡，常将不定式短语放在谓语之后，而用it作形式主语。
It is our duty to give as much help as possible. 提供尽可能多的帮助是我们的职责。
但不定式作表语时，前面有不定式作主语，不定式不可位于句末。
如：To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
(2)作宾语。
常见的只跟不定式作宾语的动词(组)有want, wish, hope, expect, would like (love),care, choose, learn, plan, prepare, mean, agree, promise, offer, refuse, ask, beg, decide, make up one’s mind, be determined, manage, try, can’t afford, fail, pretend等。
He promised to come today, but he hasn’t turned up yet .No one likes to be laughed at. 没人喜欢被嘲笑。
有形容词、分词、名词作宾补，不定式作宾语时要将不定式放于句末，用it 来作形式宾语。
如：You may find it necessary to finish the work ahead of time. 你会发现有必要提前完成工作。
三大非谓语动词的语法作用
三大非谓语动词的语法作用非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）三种形式。
以下是三大非谓语动词的语法作用：1. 不定式：不定式在句子中可以作为主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。
作主语：To see is to believe（眼见为实）。
作宾语：I want to go home（我想回家）。
作表语：My dream is to become a teacher（我的梦想是成为一名老师）。
作定语：I have a lot of homework to do（我有很多作业要做）。
作状语：I came here to see you（我来这里看你）。
2. 动名词：动名词在句子中可以作为主语、宾语和表语。
作主语：Reading books is a good habit（读书是一个好习惯）。
作宾语：I enjoy listening to music（我喜欢听音乐）。
作表语：My hobby is playing basketball（我的爱好是打篮球）。
3. 分词：分词在句子中可以作为定语、表语、状语和补足语。
作定语：The excited children were running around the playground （兴奋的孩子们在操场上跑来跑去）。
作表语：I feel bored（我觉得无聊）。
作状语：He went to the library, following his teacher（他跟着老师去了图书馆）。
作补足语：We found the missing child crying in the woods（我们找到了在树林里哭的失踪孩子）。
总的来说，非谓语动词在句子中有着重要的语法作用，可以使句子结构更加丰富，表达更加多样。
如需了解更多关于非谓语动词的信息，建议查阅英语语法书籍或咨询英语教师。
什么是非谓语动词
什么是非谓语动词在英语语法中，非谓语动词是一类特殊的动词形式，它不具备谓语动词的一些特征，如时态和人称的变化。
非谓语动词包括动词的不定式（infinitive）、动名词（gerund）和分词（participle）。
非谓语动词在句子中可以作为名词、形容词或副词的成分。
1. 不定式（infinitive）不定式是非谓语动词中最常见的形式之一。
它通常由动词的词根形式加上to构成，例如to go、to eat、to learn等。
不定式可以用作名词、形容词或副词。
作为名词时，不定式可以做主语、宾语、表语等。
例如:- To travel is my dream.（去旅行是我的梦想。
）- He wants to buy a new car.（他想买一辆新车。
）作为形容词时，不定式可以修饰名词，并用来表达目的、原因、结果等。
例如:- He needs a book to study.（他需要一本书来学习。
）- I am happy to see you.（我很高兴见到你。
）作为副词时，不定式用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，表示目的、结果、方式等。
例如:- She works hard to succeed.（她努力工作以获得成功。
）- He walked slowly to avoid falling.（他慢慢地走以避免摔倒。
）2. 动名词（gerund）动名词是动词的-ing形式，它可以作为一个名词在句子中使用。
与不定式不同，动名词可以作为主语、宾语、表语、介词宾语等。
例如:- Swimming is good exercise.（游泳是一项好的锻炼。
）- I enjoy singing.（我喜欢唱歌。
）动名词也可以与一些特定的动词或动词短语搭配使用，这些短语通常以动名词作为宾语。
例如:- He admitted stealing the money.（他承认偷了钱。
）- She can't help laughing.（她禁不住笑。
动词的非谓语形式有三种
动词的非谓语形式有三种————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：ﻩ动词的非谓语形式有三种:不定式、动名词和分词(一）不定式不定式由“ ｔｏ十动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“ noｔtｏdo”．不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化．不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语,但不能单独作谓语．不定式的逻辑主语有时用“foｒ十名词或代词宾格”构成.1．不定式的用法:ｌ）作主语.不定式短语作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语.例如:To see is to bｅｌiｅve.Ｉt is right tｏgive up smokinｇ.２)作宾语.不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语。
往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后,而用it作形式宾语.例如:He ｗaｎted to gｏ．Ｉfind it intｅrestｉｎｇto sｔudy work ｗiｔh him.3)作宾语补足语．例如：Ｈｅasked me to do ｔhe woｒｋwiｔh him．注意：在feｅｌ,heaｒ,ｌｉsteｎtｏ，looｋat，notice, ｏｂserve，seｅ,watch,ｈａvｅ，let,make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带ｔｏ．但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时，就必须带to．例如I ofteｎｈear hiｍsｉnｇｔｈe ｓoｎｇ．He is often ｈeard to sinｇthｅsｏｎg．注意：不定式动词在介词but,exｃept，besides后面时,如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带ｔo．如:She cｏuld do ｎｏtｈing but crｙ.What dｏyou ｌikｅtｏｄo bｅsidesｓwｉm?I havｅnｏcｈoｉcｅbｕｔto go.4)作定语.例如：Ｉhaｖe some bookｓfor yｏu to read．注①作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词．例如：He is loｏking for a rｏom to lｉvｅｉn．Theｒe is nothｉng ｔｏworry about.Pｌeaｓe givｅme ａkｎifｅto cuｔwith.但是,不定式所修饰的名词如果是tｉme,ｐlａｃe或waｙ,不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去．例如:He haｄno moneｙanｄno pｌacｅto live.注②当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态,但其含义有所不同.试比较:A) Ｈａve you ａnything tｏｓeｎd? 你有什么东西要寄吗？(不定式tｏsｅｎd的动作执行者是yoｕ)B)Have you anｙｔhiｎg to ｂe sent?你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?(不定式ｔｏｂｅsｅnｔ的动作执行者是已被省略的mｅ或someonｅｅｌse)5)作状语,表示目的、原因、结果或条件．例如：I cａme heｒe to see you.(目的）We were ｖery exciｔedｔｏｈeaｒthe news．(原因)He hｕrrieｄto the schooｌｔｏfｉnd nｏbｏdy thｅｒe．(结果)Tｏlｏok at ｈiｍ, ｙou wouｌd lｉke hｉm.(条件)目的状语还可以用ｉｎorｄer to或so as tｏ来表示．如：Ｉn order tｏpass the exam, he woｒkｅd vｅｒy harｄ．We rａｎall thｅway so as not ｔo be late.不定式也可在作表语用的形容词后面作状语．例如：Ｉamｖｅry glａd tｏheaｒit．Tｈe qｕｅstion is difｆｉcult tｏａnｓwｅｒ．“ｔoo十形容词或副词十不定式”作状语.例如:He isｔoo old tｏdo thａｔ.另外句子中有ｅnougｈ这个词时，常用不定式作状语．例如:Tｈe room is big enouｇｈｔoｈoｌd us.6）作表语．例如：Ｍy ｊob is to help the patｉeｎt.7)作独立成分．例如:To ｔeｌl tｈeｔｒｕth，I don’t agｒｅe with you.8)不定式与疑问词ｗhｏ,ｗhich,wｈeｎ，where,ｈow,wｈat等连用,在句中起名词作用,可充当主语、表语、宾语等.例如：Ｈe dｉdn’t know whａt tｏsay.（宾语)Ｈow to sｏlve ｔｈe ｐroｂlｅm is ｖｅryｉmｐortaｎt．（主语）My quｅstiｏn is when to start. （表语）注意:在与why连用时,只用于why或why noｔ开头的简短疑问句中,后面紧跟的动词不定式不带tｏ．例如:Ｗｈy nｏt hａve a rest?９）不定式在句中用主动式还是被动式。
非谓语形式
非谓语形式非谓语形式就是:动词不定式、分词、动名词。
非谓语动词在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式，动名词，和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。
1)不定式时态\语态主动被动一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done2)动名词时态\语态主动被动一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done3)分词时态\语态主动被动一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done否定形式: not +不定式， not + 动名词， not + 现在分词1( 有些动词可以用不定式作宾语，大致上有三种情况。
1)1) 有些及物动词用不定式作宾语，结构为动词+不定式。
例如:afford aim agree arrange ask decidebother care choose demand desire determine elect endeavor hope fail help learn long 渴mean manage offer plan pretend 望refuse tend undertake expect hate intend例如:The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
He offered to help me. 他表示愿意帮助我。
2)有些动词除了可以用不定式作宾语，还用不定式作补语，即有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。
例如:ask choose expect help beg intend like/love need prefer prepare want wish例如:I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。
英语非谓语动词：不定式,动名词和分词
英语非谓语动词：不定式，动名词和分词非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式、动名词和分词（包括现在分词和过去分词）（一）动词不定式动词不定式可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语。
动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，否定形式“not to +动词原形”。
1.用法（1）作主语。
往往用it作为形式主语。
如：It is time to get up.（2）作宾语。
如果带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后，用it作形式宾语。
如：I find it interesting to study English.有些动词只能用动词不定式作宾语。
如：decide,plan,desire,hope,wish,promise,ask,agree, manage等。
（3）作宾语补足语A：带to的动词不定式有：ask，tell，want，teach，advise，allow，beg，invite等。
如：He asked me to do the work.B :接不带to的动词不定式有：see，watch，hear,make ,let等。
如：I often see him play football.使役动词不带to,动词有：一感二听三让四观看。
一感：feel 二听：hear, listen to 三让：let，have，make 四观看：observe,see,watch,look at注意：feel, hear,notice, see,watch,have,make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to,但变成被动结构时，要带to.如：I often hear him cry. He is often heard to cry.注意：带but介词的不定式。
如果介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么but后的不定式不带to，否则要带to。
另外，在can’t choose but...和can’t help but...等后面的不定式也省略to。
英语非谓语
非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：to do2、动词的ing : doing3、动词的过去分词：done。
其中不定式表示目的和将来;动词的ing表示主动和进行；过去分词表示被动和完成。
非谓语动词三种形式在句中充当不同的成分，表达不同的意义，具体如下表：非谓语动词的时态和语态：一般式：不定式：主动to do ，被动to be done ; ing 形式：主动doing ，被动being done ;过去分词：被动done完成式：不定式：主动to have done ，被动to have been done;ing 形式：主动having done，被动having been done进行式：不定式to be doing1、动词不定式的基本用法：动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用，（to）+ do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。
否定式：not + (to) do 如：(1)作主语：动词不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末，如：It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。
It means failure to lose your heart. 灰心意味着失败。
常用句式有：1、It+be+名词+to do。
2、It takes sb.+some time+to do。
(2)作表语：动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语，与表示将来时的be + 动词不定式结构有所区别。
如：Her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作是打扫大厅。
(3)作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语，如：She wishes to be a musician.;②作某些形容词的宾语：可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等；③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时，就可作介词的宾语，如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next?(4)作宾语补足语：在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,force,call on,wait for,invite.此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如：With a lot of work to do,he didn't go to the cinema．他有很多工作要做，所以没去电影院。
非谓语动词有3种形式
⾮谓语动词有3种形式⾮谓语动词有3种形式：不定式、动名词和分词（⼀）不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的性质。
动词不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to do”，不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有⼈称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。
不定式可做主语、宾语、状语、标语和定语，但不能单独做谓语。
不定式的逻辑主语有时⽤“for/of +名词或代词宾格”构成。
⼀作主语。
不定式做主语时，往往放在谓语之后，⽤it做形式主语。
1. To see is to believe.2. It?s difficult (for us) to learn English.3. It?s foolish of her to believe him.= She is foolish to believe him.⼆作表语1. His aim is to win the first prize.2. All we can do is (to) wait.One?s dream / aim / ambition / wish / The first step / What I want to do is to…三作宾语1. He demanded to be told the truth.2. He pretended to be doing his homework / to have fallen asleep when Mother came in.（decide / fail / manage / refuse / pretend / choose / agree / hope/ plan / promise / make up one?s mind + to do）3. I don?t know what to do.（decide / find out / know / learn / consider etc + 疑问词+ to do）4. Anyone can become a better scholar if he wants to.5. ---Are you on holiday? ---No, but I?d like to be.四作宾补或主补1. I?ll have him say something at the meeting.have sb do = get sb to dofeel; hear / listen to; let / have / make; see / watch / look at / notice / observe sb do但被动语态要+ to, let 例外Listen to me read the text.He is often listened to sing the song.He was let go by the police.to dosuggest / hope / agree / demand / arrange sb to do3. He is said to be doing the work of next year.It?s said that he is doing the work of next year.sb + seem / appear / happen / be said / be reported / be known /be found / be believed + to do / to be doing / to have ( been) doneIt + seem / appear / happen / be said … / be believe that….六作定语1. I have a lot of work to do / no pen to write with.2. the first to come / to be awarded the Nobel Prize3. the last person to do such a thing 最不愿意做…的⼈4. the house to be built next year⽐较: the house being built now / build last year注意（1）做定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、⼯具等，不定式后应有相应的介词。
非谓语动词的三种形式及用法总结
非谓语动词的三种形式及用法总结非谓语动词是汉语中非常常用的一种语法成分。
非谓语动词不仅仅是汉语中的一种动词，它也可以用来表达一种动态的概念，也可以作为一种语法结构。
根据不同的用法，可以将非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式，动名词和分词。
本文将介绍非谓语动词的三种形式，以及它们的用法。
首先，不定式是最常用的非谓语动词形式，它在句子中作为宾语、状语或补语使用，一般以动词原形开头，跟着助动词“to”。
不定式有两种：完成不定式和未完成不定式。
完成不定式表示动作已经完成，未完成不定式表示动作还未发生。
例如：I want to go to the store (我想去商店)，I have already gone to the store (我已经去过商店)。
其次，动名词是完成形式的一种，它表示一个动作的进行或完成的状态，一般以动词的原形开头，跟着助动词“to”。
动名词也可以用作宾语、定语、状语或补语等。
例如：I like watching movies (我喜欢看电影)，She doesn like going shopping (她不喜欢购物)。
最后，分词是变位语法的一种，它是一种过去分词或现在分词，分词用来修饰句子中的名词或代词。
分词表示一个被动的动作或过去某一时间发生的动作，按照时态可以分为过去分词和现在分词。
例如：I saw him running (我看见他在跑步)，He said he was leaving (他说他正要离开)。
总的来说，非谓语动词是汉语中最常用的一种语法成分，它们在句子中可以用作宾语、状语、补语或定语等，它们的作用是使句子的意义更加完整明确，更加准确地表达说话者的意思。
以上就是有关非谓语动词的三种形式及用法总结，希望能够帮助你更好地使用非谓语动词。
非谓语动词笔记
非谓语动词非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。
非谓语动词主要有不定式、V-ing形式、V-ed形式三类。
它们没有人称和数的变化，但是有的有时态和语态形式变化，还可以有自己的宾语、状语、逻辑主语等。
1、定义：在句中不充当谓语的动词称作非谓语动词。
2、形式：doing---动名词to do---不定式分词---现在分词doing 过去分词---done3、后跟doing型（偏执型）a) 动词+doing：例：enjoy, keep, be busy, finish, mind, can`t help, spend+时间+doing。
b) 介词+doing：例：after, before, feel like注意：“to”作为介词时后跟doing。
例：I go to school.“to”作为不定式时后跟do.例：I want to read the English books.常考短语：look forward to doing----期盼。
例：I look forward to receiving your letter.Be used to doing----习惯于。
例：I am used to walking my bear at 24.Prefer doing A to doing B----宁愿做…也不愿做...例：I prefer reading English books to watching TV.c) 后跟doing表被动在need, want, require, be worth后加doing表示被动例:My bag needs mending.4、后跟to do 型（偏执型）a) 动词+to do 例：I ask you to go swimming with a shark.记忆口诀：要想拒绝命令，决定告诉教警。
Ask, want, refuse, order, decide, tell, teach, warn注意：否定形式在to do 前加notb) 特殊疑问词+to do=从句注意why后加裸不定式，省略to例：I don`t know whether to buy it.c) 后跟裸不定式省略to记忆口诀：一感，二听，三使，四看(snow)，半帮助Feel, listen to/hear, make/let/have, see/notice/observe/watch, help使用规则：1) 这些动词后跟to do时，省略to.例：No one can make my cry.2) 其中一感，二听，四看，半帮助动词，后也可加do/doing.例：I see him steal / stealing.3) 当这些词用于被动时，后跟to do(被动语态恢复to) 例：He was made to cry.语法重点：无头鬼句型一北京的一个年轻人厌倦了睡在地板上。
非谓语动词的常用结构
非谓语动词的常用结构在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式，动名词和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词）。
1）不定式to do2）动名词doing3）分词doing/done否定形式：not +不定式，not + 动名词，not + 现在分词一、不定式1. 不定式做状语----目的He goes to the playground to play basketball with his friends.2. 不定式充当名词功能To see is to believe.3.常用结构want (sb.) to do sth. 想要(某人)做某事would like (sb) to do sth 想要(某人)做某事wish (sb.) to do sth. 希望(某人)做某事agree sb to do sth 同意(某人)做某事tell (sb.)(not) to do sth 吩咐(某人)做某事ask (sb.)(not)to do sth 要求(某人)做某事(注：ask\tell sb. not to do sth. 叫某人不干某事)invite sb to do sth 邀请(某人)做某事plan to do sth. 计划去干某事hope to do sth 希望去干某事decide to do sth. 决定去干某事can`t wait to do sth. 迫不及待地干某事can`t afford to do sth 承受不了做某事It takes\took sb.+时间、金钱to do sth.某人花费时间、金钱去干某事It’s +adj. for sb. to do sth.It’s +adj. of sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是…(假如Sb be adj 通顺就用of ) It’s better /best to do sth. 最好做某事be afraid to do sth 害怕...干...be excited to do sth 对干.、、、感到兴奋4.注意以下句型的互换:1). too…to do sth. 太…而不能…2). so +adj. /adv + that(从句) 如此…以致…3).such +（a/an +adj.）+n.+ that(从句) 如此…以致…4).(not) enough (for sb.) to do sth. (对某人来说)做某事(不)够二. _ing分词：1.动名词做主语，谓语动词为单数.Eating apples is good for your health.2.做为介词的宾语是动名词Thanks for helping me.3.在进行时态中。
动词的非谓语形式
动词的非谓语形式动词的非谓语形式有三种，即动词不定式，分词（现在分词和过去分词），动名词。
概说我们根据已经学过的语法知识知道，英语中动词有以下几类：助动词，情态动词，连系动词，行为动词（实义动词）。
助动词本身没有词义，不能单独使用，只能起到语法意义上的作用。
情态动词意思不完整，也不能单独使用，必须要和行为动词一起才能构成完整的意思，在句中作谓语。
连系动词作谓语时，后面接形容词和名词等作表语。
行为动词或实义动词在句中常作谓语，根据其后面能否直接带宾语，行为动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
及物动词后面跟名词，代词或相当于名词的词作宾语，不及物动词必须要和一定的介词一起使用才能带宾语。
由上我们可以看出，行为动词在句中常常用做谓语，受主语的人称和数的限制。
但是，动词及其变化形式在句中也可以不作谓语来使用。
据此，我们又可将动词分为限定动词( finite verb )和非限定动词( non-finite verb )两类。
限定动词在句中作谓语，受主语的人称和数的限制，非限定动词在句中不可单独作谓语，不受主语的人称和数的限制，它在句中可以用作其他句子成分。
非限定动词有三种表现形式，既动词不定式，分词和动名词。
我们通常把这三种形式称之为动词的非谓语形式。
动词的非谓语形式或非限定动词在语法意义上具有双重性质：既具有动词性质，又具有非动词性质。
其动词性质表现在（1）有时式和语态的变化（2）可被状语修饰（3）及物动词须有宾语。
其非动词性质表现在（1）相当于名词（2）相当于形容词。
动词的三种非谓语形式与自己的宾语或状语连用就构成非限定动词短语，分别叫做动词不定式短语，分词短语和动名词短语。
动词不定式和动词不定式短语动词不定式在句中可作主语，主语补足语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语等。
动词不定式也有时式和语态的变化。
1．动词不定式作主语（a）To see is to believe.（b）To master a foreign language is of great importance today.（c）To teach is to learn.（d）It is a great honor to talk with you.2．动词不定式作主语补足语(a) He was seen to enter the hall.(b) It is reported to be true.(c)He is said to be from New York.(d)The young man was considered to have great promise.3．动词不定式作宾语(a) He seemed to know the secret.(b) I want to talk with him very much.(c) He liked to live there, However, he found it difficult to get used to the climate.4．动词不定式作宾语补足语(a)He begged me to give him a hand.(b)I would like you to have an opportunity to appreciate Chinese art.(c) I’ll leave you to attend the matter..(d) The boss made these workers work over 12 hours a day.5. 动词不定式作表语(a ) The duties of a postman are to deliver letters and newspapers.(b) My chief purpose has been to point out the difficulties of the matter.(c ) The important thing is to save lives.(d) The only thing I could do was to leave.(e) His wish is to become a doctor.6.动词不定式作定语(a)The next train to arrive was from Beijing.(b)He was always the first to come and the last to leave the office.(c)The four abilities to learn a language are listening, speaking, reading and writing.(d) Our need to communicate with each other has been a driving force in the developmentof technology.7.动词不定式作状语(a)He cupped his ears to hear better.(b)I stayed there to see what would happen.(c ) I come here to see you.(d) To emphasise the woman even more, Chen Yifei adds a lot of detail to the fan and thecloth of her dress.(e)Between 1933and 1940, Xu Beihong held several exhibitions in Asia and Europe topromote Chinese art.上述动词不定式或动词不定式短语在句中作目的状语。
动词的非谓语形式
动词的非谓语形式：动词不做谓语时的固定形式。
(1)动词的非谓语形式包括动词不定式、动名词和分词三种形式；其中分词又包含现在分词和过去分词两种形式。
它们在句子中不能单独作谓语。
(2)动词不定式：①形式：动词不定式基本形式由“不定式记号to+动词原形”构成。
它的否定形式只要在“to”前面加上“not”。
它的疑问形式是：“wh-疑问词+to+动词原形”。
*它的被动形式：“to be +过去分词”。
*它的完成形式：“to have +过去分词”。
②动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,即可以在句子中作主语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。
但不定式也保留动词的某些特征,即不定式后面可以跟宾语、表语和状语。
动词不定式加上相关成分就构成不定式短语。
③动词不定式可以放在谓语前句子作主语。
但是通常将作主语的动词不定式或不定式短语放在谓语后面,而在主语位置用“it”作形式主语(有时在不定式的前面还会用for sb.表示不定式的逻辑主语)。
如：To help animals is helping people.(帮助动物就是帮助人)/ It is very difficult (for us) to learn Chinese well.((对于我们而言)学好汉语是非常的困难)/ It took me half an hour to work out this problem.(解出这道题花了我一个小时的时间)④动词不定式可以作谓语动词(及物动词)的宾语。
[A] 及物动词+不定式一般形式：如：I would like to have a rest at the moment.(我现在想休息一下)/ Theybegan to search the room for the thief.(他们开始在屋子里搜寻小偷)/ He liked to have a swim in the pool near his house.(他喜爱在靠家的水塘里面游泳)/ When did you learn to speak English?(你什么时候开始学英语的？)/ Don’t forget to close the door when you leave.(你离开时别忘了关门[比较] He forgot to turn off the light.(他忘了关灯.) (没关)/ He forgot turningoff the light.(他忘记关过灯.)(关了) /Please remember to ring me up.(记得给我打电话.)(还没打电话) / I remember calling you yesterday but you forgot.(我记得昨天给你打电话了,但是你忘记了.)(打过电话)如：He does not know which one to take.(他不知道该选哪个)/ Tell me how to get to the station.(告诉我怎么样去火车站)/ She asked me what to do for today’s homework.(她问我今天家庭作业做什么)/ Can you teach me how to search the internet?(你能教我怎样上网吗？)[C] 不定式作宾语而后面又有宾语补足语时,通常用it代替作形式宾语,而不定式则后置。
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非谓语动词有3种形式：不定式、动名词和分词Ⅰ不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的性质一作主语1.To see is to believe.2. It’s difficult (for us) to learn English.3. It’s foolish of h er to believe him.= She is foolish to believe him.二作表语1. His aim is to win the first prize.2. All we can do is (to) wait.One’s dream / aim / ambition / wish / The first step / What I want to do is to…三作宾语1. He demanded to be told the truth.2. He pretended to be doing his homework / to have fallen asleep when Mother came in.（decide / fail / manage / refuse / pretend / choose / agree / hope/ plan / promise / make up one’s mind + to do）3.I don’t know what to do.（decide / find out / know / learn / consider etc + 疑问词+ to do）4. Anyone can become a better scholar if he wants to.5. ---Are you on holiday? ---No, but I’d like to be.四作宾补或主补1. I’ll have him say something at the meeting.have sb do = get sb to dofeel; hear / listen to; let / have / make; see / watch / look at / notice / observe sb do但被动语态要+ to, let 例外Listen to me read the text.He is often listened to to sing the song.He was let go by the police.2. He ordered his men to fire.wish / advise / persuade / allow / permit / want / tell / ask / expect / order / require / request sb to dosuggest / hope / agree / demand / arrange sb to do3. He is said to be doing the work of next year.It’s said that he is doing the work of next year.sb + seem / appear / happen / be said / be reported / be known /be found / be believed + to do / to be doing / to have ( been) doneIt + seem / appear / happen / be said … / be believe that….六作定语1. I have a lot of work to do / no pen to write with.2. the first to come / to be awarded the Nobel Prize3. the last person to do such a thing 最不愿意做…的人4. the house to be built next year比较: the house being built now / build last year七作状语(目的、原因、结果或条件）目的to / in order to / so as to结果enough to / too…to / so…as to / such…as to / only to1. The bus stopped to pick up passengers.2. He set out early in order to / so as to catch the first bus.= In order to / To catch the first bus he set out early.3. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.4. I hurried to school only to be told it was a holiday.only to do sth 表示出于预料之外的结果不定式的否定形式She kept silent about the accident so as not to lose his job.不定式的完成和被动式The book seems to have been translated into English.但是: The book is difficult to understand.I have a letter to write / a lot of work to do.He is to blame for the accident.Ⅱ动名词具有名词的性质一作主语1. Seeing is believing. = To see is to believe.2. It’s no use / no good / useless doing sth. It’s no use crying over spilt milk.3. Being forced to leave the classroom made him feel embarrassed.二作表语1. My job is teaching English.比较: One’s dream / aim / ambition / The first step is to do sth.动名词作表语, 可与主语交换位置, 句子成立; 现在分词则不能。
三作宾语（动宾/ 介宾/ it 作形式宾语）1. I appreciate hearing from you again.2. He doesn’t feel like eating anything.四作定语1. a writing desk2. a swimming pool 动名词作定语表示被修饰名词的用途比较: a sleeping boy = a boy who is sleeping 现在分词作定语表示被修饰名词的动作Ⅲ现在分词和过去分词具有形容词和副词的性质一作表语The news is exciting. We are excited.二作宾补或主补感官动词和实意动词see / hear / watch / look at / notice / feelMake/have/leave/get四作定语1.falling leaves / fallen leaves2.a friend living in London3.the book written by Lu Xun五作状语1. Be careful while crossing the street.Having been shown the lab, they were taken to see the library.Hearing the news, they jumped with joy. （时间）2. Being repaired, the swimming pool doesn’t open today.Not having received her letter, she wrote another.Encouraged by his teacher, he decided to follow a music career. (原因)3. Given enough time, we could do it much better.Turning left, you will find the shop. (条件)4. They stood there waiting for a bus.The old man went out of the hospital, supported by his son.We walked as fast as we could, hoping to catch the first bus.(伴随)5. The new machine works twice as fast, thus greatly reducing cost.His parents died, leaving him an orphan.分词表示自然的结果;不定式则表示预料之外的结果6. Though / Even if invited, he will not come (让步)※独立主格结构分词作状语时, 其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致, 否则必须有自己独立的逻辑主语Seen from the top of the building, the city looked very charming.Time permitting, we’ll have a discussion.独立主格结构由名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词等构成，在句中作原因、条件、时间和伴随状语1. There being no bus, we had to walk home.2. Weather permitting, we will have a picnic.with 结构1. with + n + doingwith so many patients waiting outside a boy2. with + n + donewith his eyes fixed on the blackboard3. with + n + to dowith so much work to do非谓语动词专项练习1. ___ anything about the accident, he went to work as usual.A . Don’t know B. not to know C. not knowing D. not to be knowing2. the next morning she found the man __in bed, dead.A. lyingB. lieC. layD. laying3. he had his leg __in the match yesterday.A .to break B. broken C. break D. breaking4. most of the people __ to the party were famous scientists.A. invitedB. to inviteC. being invitedD. inviting5. Do you know the boy ___under the tree?A. layB. lainC. layingD. lying6. ---Good morning. Can I help you?-----I‘d like to have this package ___A. be weighedB. to be weighedC. to weighD. weighed8._____more attention, the trees could have grown better.A. givenB. to giveC. givingD. having given9. the murderer was brought in, with his hand ___behind his back..A. being tiedB. having tiedC. to be tiedD. tied10. the secretary worked late into the night ,___a long speech for the president.A. to prepareB. preparingC. preparedD. was preparing11. she’s upstairs ____ a letter.A. writesB. is writingC. writeD. writing12. it was so cold that they kept the fire ___all night.A. to burnB. burnC. burningD. burned13.the speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself ___A. hearB. to hearC. hearingD. heard14. _______ a reply, he decided to write again.A. not receivingB. receiving notC. not having receivedD. having not received15.the salesman scolded the girl caught ___ and let her off.A. to have stolenB. to be stealingC. to stealD. stealing16. “can’t you read ?” she said ____to the notice.A. angrily pointingB. and point angrilyC. angrily pointedD. and angrily pointing17.the missing boys were seen ____near the river.A. playingB. to be playingC. playD.to play18._______to top of the hill, and you can see the whole of the town.A. GetB. To getC. GettingD. Having got CA B A D DAADBDCDCD A AA。