非谓语动词有3种形式

非谓语动词有3种形式：不定式、动名词和分词
Ⅰ不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的性质
一作主语
1.To see is to believe.
2. It’s difficult (for us) to learn English.
3. It’s foolish of h er to believe him.= She is foolish to believe him.
二作表语
1. His aim is to win the first prize.
2. All we can do is (to) wait.
One’s dream / aim / ambition / wish / The first step / What I want to do is to…
三作宾语
1. He demanded to be told the truth.
2. He pretended to be doing his homework / to have fallen asleep when Mother came in.
（decide / fail / manage / refuse / pretend / choose / agree / hope/ plan / promise / make up one’s mind + to do）
3.I don’t know what to do.
（decide / find out / know / learn / consider etc + 疑问词+ to do）
4. Anyone can become a better scholar if he wants to.
5. ---Are you on holiday? ---No, but I’d like to be.
四作宾补或主补
1. I’ll have him say something at the meeting.
have sb do = get sb to do
feel; hear / listen to; let / have / make; see / watch / look at / notice / observe sb do
但被动语态要+ to, let 例外
Listen to me read the text.
He is often listened to to sing the song.
He was let go by the police.
2. He ordered his men to fire.
wish / advise / persuade / allow / permit / want / tell / ask / expect / order / require / request sb to do
suggest / hope / agree / demand / arrange sb to do
3. He is said to be doing the work of next year.
It’s said that he is doing the work of next year.
sb + seem / appear / happen / be said / be reported / be known /
be found / be believed + to do / to be doing / to have ( been) done
It + seem / appear / happen / be said … / be believe that….
六作定语
1. I have a lot of work to do / no pen to write with.
2. the first to come / to be awarded the Nobel Prize
3. the last person to do such a thing 最不愿意做…的人
4. the house to be built next year
比较: the house being built now / build last year
七作状语(目的、原因、结果或条件）
目的to / in order to / so as to
结果enough to / too…to / so…as to / such…as to / only to
1. The bus stopped to pick up passengers.
2. He set out early in order to / so as to catch the first bus.
= In order to / To catch the first bus he set out early.
3. I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.
4. I hurried to school only to be told it was a holiday.
only to do sth 表示出于预料之外的结果
不定式的否定形式
She kept silent about the accident so as not to lose his job.
不定式的完成和被动式
The book seems to have been translated into English.
但是: The book is difficult to understand.
I have a letter to write / a lot of work to do.
He is to blame for the accident.
Ⅱ动名词具有名词的性质
一作主语
1. Seeing is believing. = To see is to believe.
2. It’s no use / no good / useless doing sth. It’s no use crying over spilt milk.
3. Being forced to leave the classroom made him feel embarrassed.
二作表语
1. My job is teaching English.
比较: One’s dream / aim / ambition / The first step is to do sth.
动名词作表语, 可与主语交换位置, 句子成立; 现在分词则不能。

三作宾语（动宾/ 介宾/ it 作形式宾语）
1. I appreciate hearing from you again.
2. He doesn’t feel like eating anything.
四作定语
1. a writing desk
2. a swimming pool 动名词作定语表示被修饰名词的用途
比较: a sleeping boy = a boy who is sleeping 现在分词作定语表示被修饰名词的动作
Ⅲ现在分词和过去分词具有形容词和副词的性质
一作表语
The news is exciting. We are excited.
二作宾补或主补
感官动词和实意动词see / hear / watch / look at / notice / feel
Make/have/leave/get
四作定语
1.falling leaves / fallen leaves
2.a friend living in London
3.the book written by Lu Xun
五作状语
1. Be careful while crossing the street.
Having been shown the lab, they were taken to see the library.
Hearing the news, they jumped with joy. （时间）
2. Being repaired, the swimming pool doesn’t open today.
Not having received her letter, she wrote another.
Encouraged by his teacher, he decided to follow a music career. (原因)
3. Given enough time, we could do it much better.
Turning left, you will find the shop. (条件)
4. They stood there waiting for a bus.
The old man went out of the hospital, supported by his son.
We walked as fast as we could, hoping to catch the first bus.(伴随)
5. The new machine works twice as fast, thus greatly reducing cost.
His parents died, leaving him an orphan.分词表示自然的结果;不定式则表示预料之外的结果6. Though / Even if invited, he will not come (让步)
※独立主格结构
分词作状语时, 其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致, 否则必须有自己独立的逻辑主语
Seen from the top of the building, the city looked very charming.
Time permitting, we’ll have a discussion.
独立主格结构由名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词等构成，在句中作原因、条件、时间和伴随状语
1. There being no bus, we had to walk home.
2. Weather permitting, we will have a picnic.
with 结构
1. with + n + doing
with so many patients waiting outside a boy
2. with + n + done
with his eyes fixed on the blackboard
3. with + n + to do
with so much work to do
非谓语动词专项练习
1. ___ anything about the accident, he went to work as usual.
A . Don’t know B. not to know C. not knowing D. not to be knowing
2. the next morning she found the man __in bed, dead.
A. lying
B. lie
C. lay
D. laying
3. he had his leg __in the match yesterday.
A .to break B. broken C. break D. breaking
4. most of the people __ to the party were famous scientists.
A. invited
B. to invite
C. being invited
D. inviting
5. Do you know the boy ___under the tree?
A. lay
B. lain
C. laying
D. lying
6. ---Good morning. Can I help you?
-----I‘d like to have this package ___
A. be weighed
B. to be weighed
C. to weigh
D. weighed
8._____more attention, the trees could have grown better.
A. given
B. to give
C. giving
D. having given
9. the murderer was brought in, with his hand ___behind his back..
A. being tied
B. having tied
C. to be tied
D. tied
10. the secretary worked late into the night ,___a long speech for the president.
A. to prepare
B. preparing
C. prepared
D. was preparing
11. she’s upstairs ____ a letter.
A. writes
B. is writing
C. write
D. writing
12. it was so cold that they kept the fire ___all night.
A. to burn
B. burn
C. burning
D. burned
13.the speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself ___
A. hear
B. to hear
C. hearing
D. heard
14. _______ a reply, he decided to write again.
A. not receiving
B. receiving not
C. not having received
D. having not received
15.the salesman scolded the girl caught ___ and let her off.
A. to have stolen
B. to be stealing
C. to steal
D. stealing
16. “can’t you read ?” she said ____to the notice.
A. angrily pointing
B. and point angrily
C. angrily pointed
D. and angrily pointing
17.the missing boys were seen ____near the river.
A. playing
B. to be playing
C. play
D.to play
18._______to top of the hill, and you can see the whole of the town.
A. Get
B. To get
C. Getting
D. Having got CA B A D DAADBDCDCD A AA。