专业英语考试

齿轮是直接接触的部件, 成对工作, 通过被称作齿的凸出物的连续啮合, 把运动和力从一个旋转轴传到另一个, 或者从轴传到一滑动部件(齿条).
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
7) Machinery design is either to formulate an engineering plan for the satisfaction of a specified need or to solve an engineering problem.
机械设计可以是为满足一特定需要而制定的工程规划, 或是用于解决工程问题.
8) Product design requires much research and development. Many concepts of an idea must be studied, tried, refined, and then either used or discarded.
手持工件打磨/磨光是通过把砂轮手动地靠近工件来完成的, 或者把工件手动地靠近砂轮来完成.
A design is always subject to certain problem-solving constraints. For example, two of the constraints on the vacation design problem are the time and money available for the vacation. Note, too, that there are also constraints on the solution, in the case above some of those constraints are the desires and needs of each of the family members. Finally, the design solution found might well be optimal. In this case an optimal solution is obtained when each and every family member can say that he or she had a good time.
4) The spindle, which rotates and moves the cutting tool up or down, may have either a taper hole or a threaded end.
使切削刀具向上或向下旋转和移动的心轴/车轴, 会有一个锥形孔(出铁口)或者一个螺纹端(面).
5) Drill presses are normally equipped with a table that can be tilted to the right and left.
钻床通常带有一个可以向右和向左倾斜的工作台.
6) Gears are direct contact bodies，operating in pairs，that transmit motion and force from one rotating shaft to another, or from a shaft to a slide (rack)，by means of successively engaging projections called teeth．
1）Lathe size is determined by the swing and the length of the bed.
车床的尺寸是有最大回转直径和车床的长度决定的
2) A lathe should have a swing capacity and distance between centers that is at least 10 percent greater than needed to do any job that may be required.
有时，但并非总是如此，设计开始时，工程师承认有必要，并决定做一些事情。承认的需要和措辞需要经常构成一个极富创意的行为，因为可能需要只有一个模糊的不满，不安的感觉，或一个感应的东西是不正确的。所有需要的是往往并不明显;识别通常是由一个特定的一组随机的情况下，几乎同时出现的不利情况下触发。例如，可能需要做一些有关食品包装机的噪音水平表示，包装重量的变化，并在包装或包装的质量轻微，但可察觉的变化。
产品设计需要做大量的研发(工作). 一个想法的诸多概念/观念必须经过研究、试验、推敲, 才会被采用或者被摒弃.
9) The emergence of CAD/CAM has had a major impact on manufacturing, by standardizing product development and by reducing design effort, tryout, and prototype work; it has made possible significantly reduced costs and improved productivity.
车床应有摆动性能, 在中心(杆)之间至少要有比正常所需高出10%的距离, 以便完成任何所需的车削工作.
3) Pulleys of a variable-speed drive are made of two parts having V-shaped sides.
变速传动带轮是由带有V型面/边的两部分制成的.
CAD或者CAM的出现对制造业带来了主要的冲击, 通过对产品开发的标准化亦或通过减少设计强度、试验次数及样品制作工作, 其使显著减少成本和提高生产力成为可能.
10) Offhand grinding is done by applying the grinding wheel manually to the work or by applying the work offhand to the grinding wheel.
一个设计总是受到一定的解决问题的制约。例如，两个度假的设计问题上的制约是休假的时间和金钱。也要注意，也有解决方案的限制，在上述的一些制约的情况下，每个家庭成员的愿望和需要。最后，设计解决方案，发现很可能是最佳选择。在这种情况下，获得最佳的解决方案是每个家庭成员，可以说，当他或她的好时机。
Sometimes, but not always, design begins when an engineer recognizes a need and decides to do something about it. Recognition of the need and phrasing the need often constitute a highly creative act, because the need may be only a vague discontent, a feeling of uneasiness, or a sensing that something is not right. The need is often not evident at all; recognition is usually triggered by a particular adverse circumstance of a set of random circumstances which arise almost simultaneously. For example, the need to do something about a food-packaging machine may be indicated by the noise level, by the variation in package weight, and by slight but perceptible variations in the quality of the packaging or wrap.