机械参考资料专业英语试题含答案
机械英语试题及答案解析
机械英语试题及答案解析一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. What is the term for the process of removing material froma workpiece to create a part?A. MachiningB. WeldingC. CastingD. Forging答案：A2. Which of the following is a type of metal cutting operation?A. DrillingB. SolderingC. BrazingD. Annealing答案：A3. The term "CNC" stands for:A. Computer Numerical ControlB. Closed Network CircuitC. Centralized Network CommunicationD. Continuous Numerical Calculation答案：A4. What is the primary function of a lathe?A. To shape woodB. To cut threads on a workpieceC. To bend metal sheetsD. To forge metal答案：B5. In the context of manufacturing, what does "CAD" refer to?A. Computer Aided DesignB. Computer Aided DraftingC. Computer Aided DevelopmentD. Computer Aided Diagnosis答案：A6. Which of the following is a common material used in the production of machine parts?A. PlasticB. CeramicC. AlloyD. Glass答案：C7. The process of joining two pieces of metal by heating them to their melting point is known as:A. SolderingB. BrazingC. WeldingD. Gluing答案：C8. What is the role of a milling machine in the manufacturing process?A. To cut internal threadsB. To shape the surface of a workpieceC. To drill holesD. To create a smooth finish on a surface答案：B9. The term "tolerance" in mechanical engineering refers to:A. The maximum weight of a partB. The acceptable variation in size or shape of a partC. The minimum strength of a materialD. The standard size of a part答案：B10. What is the purpose of a jig in manufacturing?A. To hold workpieces in place during machiningB. To measure the dimensions of a partC. To cut threads on a workpieceD. To provide power to a machine tool答案：A二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）11. The process of shaping metal by applying pressure is known as _______.答案：Forging12. A _______ is a tool that holds a cutting tool and guides it through a specific path.答案：Cutter13. In machining, the term "feed rate" refers to the _______ of the tool relative to the workpiece.答案：Speed14. The _______ is a device that can be used to measure the internal diameter of a hole.答案：Micrometer15. The process of hardening a metal to increase its strength is called _______.答案：Quenching16. A _______ is a machine tool used for shaping a workpiece by removing material.答案：Milling Machine17. The _______ is the process of cutting a workpiece along a straight line.答案：Sawing18. The _______ is a type of machine tool used for cutting internal threads.答案：Tapping Machine19. The _______ is the process of heating and cooling a metalto alter its physical properties.答案：Heat Treatment20. A _______ is a device that holds a workpiece in place during machining.答案：Vise三、简答题（每题5分，共10分）21. Explain the difference between a milling machine and a lathe.答案：A milling machine is used for shaping the surfaceof a workpiece by removing material with a rotating multi-toothed cutter, whereas a lathe is used for shaping a workpiece by rotating it and cutting it with a stationary tool.22. What is the purpose of a jig in the manufacturing process?答案：A jig is a device used in manufacturing to hold a workpiece in a specific position while it is being machined, ensuring accuracy and repeatability in the production process.四、论述题（每题15分，共15分）23. Discuss the importance of precision in mechanical engineering and how it affects the performance of a machine.答案：Precision in mechanical engineering is crucial asit ensures that components fit together correctly andfunction as intended. Inaccurate parts can lead to poor performance, increased wear, and even failure of the machine. Precision is achieved through the use of。
《机械工程专业英语》测试题(18-22)含答案
《机械工程专业英语》测验题(18-22)将下列词组译成汉语the base circle（基圆）the pitch curve（啮合曲线）the contact force（接触力）the intermittent motion（间歇运动）the common normal（公法线）the conjugate profiles（共轭齿廓）the cycloidal profiles （摆线齿形）the involute profiles（渐开线齿形）the spur gear（直齿轮）the herringbone gears（双螺旋齿轮）the face gear（端面齿轮）the radial distance（径向距离）the addendum circle（齿顶圆）The tooth thickness（齿厚）the tooth space（齿间隙）the cap screws（螺钉）the setscrews（固定螺丝钉）the engineering graphics（工程力学）mechanical design（机械设计）the installation techniques（安装技术）the bolted joint（螺栓连接）the hardened washers（强化垫圈）the fatigue resistance（抗疲劳强度）the modulus of elasticity（弹性模量）the antifriction bearing（减摩轴承）the rolling bearing（滚动轴承）the rolling contact （滚动接触）the sliding contact（滑动触电）the corrosion resistance（抗腐蚀性）the machining tolerances（加工公差）the fatigue loading（疲劳载荷）the radial loads（径向负荷）the thrust loads逆负荷the ball bearing球轴承the roller bearing滚子轴承the single-row bearings单沟轴承the double-row bearing双沟轴承the needle bearing滚针轴承the bearing life轴承寿命The rating life额定寿命the axis of rotation旋转轴The helix angle螺旋角a right-hand helix 右旋a left-hand helix左旋an involute helicoids螺旋面an involute curve渐开线the shaft centerlines轴中心线worm gear蜗轮the hypoid gear准双曲面齿轮right angle直角worm gearing蜗杆传动the lead angle导角shaft angle轴线角度bending load弯曲载荷tension load张力负荷compression load压缩负载torsional load扭转负荷the bending moment弯矩the bending stress弯曲应力the shot peening喷丸法the actuating force工作力the coefficient of friction摩擦系数An electromagnetic coil电磁线圈the magnetic circuit磁路将下列短语译成汉语disk or plate translating (two-dimensional or planar) 盘形传动凸轮（两维的，即平面的）cylindrical (three-dimensional or spatial) cams圆柱形凸轮（三维的，即空间的）机构a radial (in-line) translating roller follower一个对心直动滚子从动件a constant angular velocity ratio旋转角速度的比例a constant torque ratio一个恒转矩比Nonlinear angular velocity ratios非线性角速度比率the parallel helical gear平行斜齿轮the crossed helical gear交叉斜齿轮the straight bevel gear直锥齿轮the spiral bevel gear弧齿锥齿轮the skew bevel gear大角度斜交锥齿轮the hexagon head screws六角头螺钉the fillister head screws槽头螺钉the flat head screws 平头螺钉the hexagon socket head screws内六角沉头螺钉。
机械专业英语试题及答案精编WORD版
机械专业英语试题及答案精编W O R D版IBM system office room 【A0816H-A0912AAAHH-GX8Q8-GNTHHJ8】学院院长（系主任）（签字）C. degradation…corrosionD. corrosion… degradation12. Most frames _______ cast iron, weld steel, composition, or concrete.A. are made fromB. are made up ofC. was produced byD. was consist of13. Rotating shafts particularly those that run at high speeds, must be designed toavoid operationat speeds.A . lowB .overload C. critical D. hollow14. Although cast iron is a fairly cheap material, each casting requires a .A. patternB. modelC. moldD. patent15. The term is used to describe joints with surface contact, as with a pin surrounded by a hole.A. high pairB. low pairC. surface pairD. rotary pair二、完型填空（在每个小题四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，本大题共15小题，每小题1分，总计15分）The term shaft usually refers to a relatively long member of round cross section that rotates and transmits power. One or more members such as gears,sprockets, pulleys, and cams are usually (16) to the shaft by means of pins, keys, splines, snap rings, and other devices. These latter members are among the “associated parts” considered in this text, as are couplings and universaljoint, which serve to (17) the shaft to the source of power or load.考生注意：考试时间 120 分钟试卷总分 100 分共 5 页第 1 页Sometimes members like gears and cams are made (28) with shaft,but more often such members (which also include pulleys,sprockets, etc)are made separately and then(29) shaft. Theportion of the mounted member in contact with the shaft is thehub. Attachment of the hub to the shaft is made in variety ofways. A gear can be gripped (30) between a shoulder on the shaftand a spacer, with torque being transmitted through a key. Thegrooves in the shaft and hub into which the key fits are calledkeyways.16、 A) cement B) attached C) connected D)concrete17、 A) endure B) transmit C) serve D)connect18、 A) support B) meet C) satisfy D) strong19、 A) aims B) idler C) terminal D) tomb20、 A) due to B) weather C) whether D) for21、 A) elasticity B) torsional C) inertia D)acceleration22、 A) subjected B)…connect C) and D) From23、 A) deeply B) strength C) clearly understandD) long time24、 A) identify B) cross C) round D) 订线read as follows.Engineering design is the process of devising a system, component, or process to meet desired needs. It is decision making process(often iterative),in which the basic sciences, mathematics, and engineering sciences are applied to convert resourcesoptimally to meet a sated objectives and criteria, synthesis, analysis,construction ,testing, and evaluation. The engineering design component of a curriculum must include most of the following features : development of student creativity, use of open-ended problem statement and use of modern design theory and methodology, formulation of design problem statement and specification, consideration of alternative solutions, feasibility considerations, production process, concurrent engineering design, and detailed system descriptions. Further, it is essential to include a variety of realistic constraints such as economic factors, safety, reliability, aesthetics, ethics, andsocial impact.31、what’s the main meaning of message (1)?A) Engineering design is a systematic process B) materials engineer’s mainworkC) mechanical engineer’s has good idea D) electrical engineer’ mainduty32、In the author’s opinion, the design process is very complex and should takeninto account many factors, from the message who should NOT join into the design team _______.A) environmentalists,B) sociologistsC) engineersD) Government officials33、From the message, we can know the meaning of words “ABET”(at line third paragraph) is _____.A) a set of accredits standardB) a kind of design methodC) a department of US government which responsible for engineering designD) A set of law34、It can be concluded from the passage that in the exercise and training of student, which character of the following is NOT included in the curriculum ______.A) creativityB) new materialC) ethicsD) economic factors35、The title of the message is ______.A) the roles of engineers in manufacturingB) the importance of mechanical designC) engineering designD) The process of machine designTEXT 2Working drawings are the complete set of standardized drawings specifying the manufacture and assembly of a product based on its design. The complexity of the design determines the number and types of drawings. Working drawings may be on more than one sheet and may contain written instructions called specifications.Working drawings are blueprints used for manufacturing products. Therefore, the set of drawings must:(a) completely describe the parts, both visually and dimensionally;(b)show the parts in assembly;(3)identify all the parts; and (4)specify standard parts. The graphics and text information must be sufficiently complete and accurate to manufacture and assemble the product without error.共 5 页第 2 页(1) Detail drawings of each nonstandard parts.(2) An assembly or subassembly drawing showing all the standard and nonstandard parts in a single drawing.(3) A bill of materials (BOM).(4) A title block.A detail drawing is a dimensioned, multiview drawing of a single part, describing the part’s shape, size, material, and surface roughness, in sufficient detail for the part to be manufactured based on the drawing alone. Detail drawings are produced from design sketches or extracted from 3-D computer models. They adhere strictly to ANSI standards and the standard for the specific company, for dimensioning, assigning part numbers, notes, tolerances, etc.In an assembly, standard parts such as threaded fasteners and bearings are not drawn as details, but are shown in the assembly view. Standard parts are not drawn as details because they are normally purchased, not manufactured, for assembly.For large assemblies or assembled with large parts, details are drawn on multiple sheets, and a separate sheet is used for the assembly view. If the assembly is simple or the parts are small,detail drawings for each part of an assembly can be placed on a singlesheet.TEXT 3One principle aim of kinematics is to create (design) the desired motions of the subjects’ mechanical parts and then mathematically compute the positions, velocities, and accelerations, which those will create on the parts. Since, for most earthbound mechanical systems, the mass remains essentially constant with time, defining the accelerations as a function of time then also defines the dynamic forces as a function of time. Stresses, in turn, will be a function of both applied and inertial (ma) forces. Since engineering design is charged with creating systems which will not fail during their expected service life, the goal is to keep stresses within acceptable limits for the materials chosen and the environmental conditions encountered. This obviously requires that all system forces be defined and kept within desired limits. In machinery, the largest forces encountered are often those due to the dynamics of the machine itself. These dynamic forces are proportional to acceleration, which brings us back to kinematics, the foundation of mechanical design. Very basic and early decision in the design process involving kinematic principles can be crucial to the success of any mechanical design; a design which has poor kinematics will prove troublesome and perform badly.Any mechanical system can be classified according to the number of degree of freedom (DOF) which it processes. The system’s DOF is equal to the number of independent parameters which are needed to uniquely define its position in space at any instant of time.A rigid body free to move within a reference frame will, in the general case, has complex motion, which is a simultaneous combination of rotation and translation. In three-dimensional space, there may be rotation about any axis and also simultaneous translation which can be resolved into components along three axes. In a plane, or two-dimensional space, complex motion becomes a combination of simultaneous rotation about one axis (perpendicular to the plane) and also translation resolved into components along two axes in the plane41、Kinematics research focus on the following EXCEPT ______..A) accelerations B) forceC) positions, D) velocities42、From the passage that for the design engineer the first and most important is____A) the service life of a machine B) the materials chooseC) the degree of freedom D) kinematic principles43、An mechanical system has uniquely defined position in space at any instant of time that ___.A) It should has one DOFB) It should Has two DOFC) the DOF and the number of independent parameters should equalD) It should has any DOF as want44、 which one of the following is NOT TRUE _______?.A) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space may rotation about anyaxisB) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space is a simultaneouscombination of rotation and translationC) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space can be resolved intocomponents along three axesD) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space may has complex motion45、The best title for this passage would be _______.A) kinematics B) dynamicsC) kinematics and dynamic D) the important of kinematics共 5 页第3 页1．将下列英语句子译成汉语（共5小题，每小题2分）（1）A perfectly rigid or inextensible link can exist only as a textbook type of model of a real machine member.（2）Foundations should ensure the machine’s stiffness; shock absorption and isolation are secondary considerations.(3)Thus, if a mechanical component such as a spring is subjected to repetitive or cyclical applications of stress levels much lower than the ultimate strength, it will fracture after a large number of repetitions of this stress.（4）Interchangeability means that identical parts must be interchangeable, i.e., able to replace each other, whether during assembly or subsequent maintenance work; without the need for any fitting operations.（5）A gear can be gripped axially between a shoulder on the shaft anda spacer, with torque being transmitted through a key.2、将下段英语翻译成汉语（10分）As we look around us w e see a world full of “things”, machines, devices, tools, things that we have designed, built, and used; things made of wood, metals, ceramics, and plastics. We know from experience that some things are better than others; they last longer, cost less, are quieter, or are ease to use. Ideally , however, every such itemhas been designed according to some set of “functional requirements”（5）当一个装置意外地失效后，通常需要进行研究工作，来找出失效的原因和确定可能的改正措施。
机械英语试题及答案详解
机械英语试题及答案详解一、选择题1. The term "mechanical engineering" refers to the application of engineering principles to:A. Chemical processesB. Electrical systemsC. Design and manufacture of machinesD. Software development答案：C2. What is the primary function of a bearing in a mechanical system?A. To convert energyB. To reduce frictionC. To increase efficiencyD. To absorb heat答案：B3. The process of converting a rough workpiece into a finished part is known as:A. MachiningB. WeldingC. CastingD. Forging答案：A二、填空题4. The formula for calculating the force exerted by a springis known as ________.答案：Hooke's Law5. In mechanical design, the term ________ refers to thestudy of the forces and moments acting on a body.答案：Statics6. The unit of pressure in the International System of Units (SI) is ________.答案：Pascal (Pa)三、简答题7. Explain the difference between static and dynamic friction.答案：Static friction is the force that must be overcometo start moving an object at rest, while dynamic friction is the force that opposes the motion of an object that isalready moving.8. Describe the purpose of a gear in a mechanical system.答案：A gear is used to transmit motion and force from one part of a system to another, often changing the speed and/or direction of the motion.四、计算题9. A hydraulic press has a piston with an area of 0.02 m². If the pressure applied to the piston is 5 MPa, calculate the force exerted by the piston.答案：Force = P ressure × Area = 5 × 10⁶ Pa × 0.02 m²= 100,000 N10. A lever is balanced when the product of the effort force and its distance from the fulcrum is equal to the product of the load force and its distance from the fulcrum. If the effort force is 300 N and the load force is 1200 N, and the effort is applied 2 m from the fulcrum, calculate the distance from the fulcrum to the load.答案：Let the distance from the fulcrum to the load be\( x \). According to the principle of levers, \( 300 N\times 2 m = 1200 N \times x \). Solving for \( x \) gives\( x = \frac{300 N \times 2 m}{1200 N} = 0.5 m \).五、论述题11. Discuss the importance of mechanical vibrations in the context of machinery operation and maintenance.答案：Mechanical vibrations are crucial in machinery for several reasons. They can indicate the health of a machine, with abnormal vibrations often signaling a problem such as imbalance, misalignment, or wear. Monitoring vibrations can help in predictive maintenance, preventing breakdowns and extending the life of machinery.12. Explain the concept of stress concentration in mechanical components and its implications.答案：Stress concentration occurs in mechanical components where the stress is higher than the average stress due to geometrical discontinuities or material defects. This can lead to premature failure of the component under load, as the high-stress areas are more susceptible to fatigue and cracking. Designing to minimize stress concentrations and using materials with good fatigue resistance can mitigate these effects.。
机械工程专业英语试卷A机答案
XXXX/第1学期期终试卷A（考试类型：闭卷）课程机械工程专业英语(参照答案及评分阐明) 班级姓名一、词汇（20分）（每个题目为2分）1：把下列英文单词翻译成中文：(1) threshold参照答案：开端，开始(2) graphics terminal参照答案：图像终端(3) a translate command参照答案：平移指令(4) construction robotics参照答案：建筑（构造）机器人(5) a power-driven device参照答案：力驱动装置2：把下列中文词组翻译成英文：(6) 热加工参照答案：hot working(7) 非正常晶体生长参照答案：abnormal grain growth(8)再结晶参照答案：recrystallization(9) 机械效益参照答案：mechanical advantage(10)力放大器参照答案：a force multiplier二、句型（20分）（每个题目为4分）（翻译旳内容，到达意思一致即算对旳）请将下列英文句子翻译成中文（1）Efficiency and mechanical advantage are used to gauge the performance of mechanical machine .参照答案：效率和机械效益是用来检测机械装置旳工作性能旳。
（2）Methods of extracting , producing and treating metals are being developed all the time to meet engineering requirements .参照答案：为了满足工程需要，提炼、生产和处理金属旳措施一直处在发展进步之中。
(3) The common metallic materials possess the metallic properties of luster , thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity ；are relatively ductile；and some have good magnetic properties .参照答案：常见旳金属材料拥有旳金属性能如：光泽、导热性和导电性，并且有很好旳延展性，此外，尚有某些金属材料具有好旳磁性。
机械专业外语_习题集(含答案)
《机械专业外语》课程习题集一、短文翻译(英译汉)1. The solution to most design problems does arise from a set of equations, instead it is a compromise to satisfy a number of design requirements and practical limitations such as available tooling and servicing ease. Designs are often revised to introduce new features, but as much as possible of the old design is retained for economic reasons. Producing a revised design is usually not as difficult as producing a new design because the history of the original is available for evaluation.2. When cutting screw threads, power is provided to the gearbox of the apron by the lead screw. In all other turning operations, it is feed rod that drives the carriage. The lead screw goes through a pair of half nuts, which are fixed to the rear of the apron. When actuating a certain lever, the half nuts are clamped together and engage with the rotating lead screw as a single nut, which is feed , together with the carriage along the bed.3.Generally, grinding is considered to be a finishing process that is usually used for obtaining high-dimensional accuracy and better surface finish. Grinding can be performed on flat, cylindrical, or even internal surfaces by employing specialized machine tools, which are referred to as grinding machines. Obviously, grinding machines differ in construction as well as capabilities, and the type to be employed is determined mainly by the geometrical shape and nature of the surface to be ground. -e.g. cylindrical surfaces are ground on cylindrical grinding machines.4. The dielectric serves to concentrate the discharge energy into a channel of very small crosssectional area. It also cools the two electrodes, and flushes away the products of machining from the gap. The electrical resistance of the dielectric influences the discharge spark energy and time of spark initiation .if the resistance is low , an early discharge spark occurs. If it is large the capacitor will attain a higher value charge before the discharge spark occurs.5. As we previously saw, CNC,DNC and computer-assisted part programming are different kinds of preplanned computerized control of machine tools. In all cases, the tool path has to be established beforehand through a program, the person who prepares the programs employs his or her experience in order to bring the processing time to minimum and not to cause any damage or distortion to the workpiece. This is, in many cases, a difficult problem that involves many factors, alternatives, and constraints. Obviously, this is exactly where an expert system is needed.6. Equipment productively is improved because of the better utilization of machines whenCIM is implemented. We can see that factors like program ability of equipment and computerized monitoring and control of the whole manufacturing facility would largely improve the efficiency of machine utilization. Higher labor and equipment productivity would certainly result in lower product cost.7. Where loads are due to contact, a pair of equal and opposite forces occur. One force acts as an external load on one contacting member. This action-reaction force pairing is one of the basic natural laws put to practical use by engineers. Tracing these power transmission forces through connected machine linkages is an extremely useful visualization aid for identifying machine component loads.8. Element design is concerned with the proper sizing of machine elements to perform a given function at some stated life criterion. Mechanical designers must also be familiar with properties of materials and machining processes to achieve optimal design. In addition, designers must always contend with the question of cost. The watchword should be simplicity, since a simple device is usually the least expensive.9. The tailstock assembly consists basically of three parts, its lower base, an intermediate part, and the quill. The lower base is a casting that can slide on the lathe bed along the guideways, and it has a clamping device to enable locking the entire tailstock at any desired location, depending upon the length of the workpiece. The intermediate part is a casting that can be moved transversely to enable alignment of the axis of the tailstock with that of the headstock.10. Internal grinding is employed for grinding relatively short holed. The workpiece is held in a chuck or a special fixture. Both the grinding wheel and the workpiece rotate during the operation and feed is applied in the longitudinal direction. Any desired depth of cut can be obtained by the cross feed of the grinding wheel. A variation from this type is planetary internal grinding, which is recommended for heavy workpieces that cannot be held in chucks. In the case, the grinding wheel not only spins around its own axis but also rotates around the centerline of the hole that is being ground.11. The intelligent robot has always been the dream of manufacturing engineers, in order to make the automated factory of the future attainable. It is artificial intelligence that will make that dream come true. By definition, an intelligent robot is one that is able to think, sense, and effect, so that it can cope with a changing environment and learn from experience. Since thinking is a brain function, it is obvious that it would fall within the domain of artificial intelligence if it is to be performed by a computer. An integration between sensing, reasoning, and effecting would unify artificial intelligence and robots, with the final outcome an intelligent robot.12. In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in the range of media used to convey information. Initially, communication was limited to simple forms of media such as voice and paper. This century, however, has witnessed the introduction of a greater variety of media types such as the telephone and visual forms of media. In the latter part of the century,this trend has accelerated and there is now a wide range of media types available to convey information.13. It is well known that a hot plate of metal will cool faster when placed in front of a fan than when exposed to still air. We say that the heat is convected away and we call the process convection heat transfer. Convection is a much simpler physical process than conduction since it merely consists of the actual motion of a volume of hot fluid from one place to another.14.Around the turn of the twentieth century the steam turbine came into use. Steam turbines are very efficient. They can utilize almost 40 percent of the energy supplied to them. They are three times as efficient as reciprocating engines. Steam turbines power many of the world's ships and the majority of the world's electricity generating stations.15. Most small i.C.engines in common use has four cylinders, which fire in a definite and regular sequence. A flywheel is fitted to the crankshaft to keep it running smoothly. It is essential for the inlet and exhaust valves to open and close at exactly the appropriate moment in relation to the position of the piston. Therefore they are actuated by a cam-shaft running in phase with the crankshaft.16. The alternative to forming method is machining. In machining, a sharpened tool of suitable shape removes material in the form of chips until the desired shape is produced. The use of computer and punched-tape control of machine tools makes it possible forthe machining tool to follow any complex three-dimensional path.17. Perhaps because more high-strength, hard, tough, and exotic materials are used, there isa tendency to use chipless machining despite the progress just noted. There is a trend to reduce the amount of metal that needs to be removed. Often chipless machining is more expensive, but the reduced loss of material results in a saving. The increased use of metal forming, forging, rolling, die-casting and other processes illustrates this trend.18.For the semi-mechanized forging of small to medium-sized components, forging hammers powered by various means are employed. The feature common to all of them is that, like the hand forging hammer, they utilize the energy of a falling weight to develop the pressure needed for shaping the metal. Larger components are forged by means of forging presses operated by steam or compressed air or by hydraulic or electric power. Largely automatic forging machines are used for the quantity production of engineering parts.19. As we know, these are the main tasks of an engineer: to explore new ways, invent new solutions to problems, and design new devices. In the research stage of a project, the engineer usually has found a new way of doing a job and is analyzing it (using mathematics and computers) to see how feasible the idea is and how well it will work. The development stage then follows. Here the idea is carried out in the laboratory. The processes vary among different projects, but the basic point is the same: Turn the idea into a working reality.20.The fact that steel can possess a wide range of useful mechanical properties is of extreme economic importance. This is clearly illustrated in the railroad industry, forex-ample. To move a train from one place to another, we use a locomotive which has the ability to pull a given total load. This load is composed of the weight of the cars and the weight of the freight being transported. If a freight car is made of high strength steel, the structural members can be relatively small and the car will be lighter as well as stronger. This means that the amount of freight can be increased.21.The simplest method of welding two pieces of metal together is known as pressure welding. The ends of metal are heated to a white heat— for iron, the welding temperature should be about 13000C—in a flame, At this temperature the metal becomes plastic. The ends are then pressed or hammered together, and the joint is smoothed off. Care must be taken to ensure that the surfaces are thoroughly clean first, for dirt will weaken the weld. Moreover, the heating of iron or steel to a high temperature causes oxidation, and a film of oxide is formed on the heated surfaces.22. The design of a machine includes many factors other than those of determining the loads and stresses and selecting the proper materials. Before construction or manufacture can begin, it is necessary to have complete assembly and detail drawings to convey all necessary information to the shop men. The designer frequently is called upon to check the drawings before they are sent to the shop. Much experience and familiarity with manufacturing processes are needed before one can become conversant with all phases of production drawings.23. Flat pulleys and belts. This is the oldest and simplest type of pulley and belt. The pulley may be a single pulley, or it may have three or four different diameters. A one-piece pulley having three or four diameters is called a cone pulley. Actually the pulleys are not flat. They are tapered slightly so that the diameter of the pulley is a little larger at its center. We call this a crowned pulley. The pulley is made larger in diameter at the center because a flat belt will always climb to the highest part of a pulley. The crown ensures that the belt will run in the center of the pulley.24.Of course, materials have always been vital to human civilization. Three of humanity’s earliest eras are called the Stone Age, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age, because the civilization of each was almost entirely dependent on the material after which the era was named. But now, in the twentieth century, materials-not just one, but many-have become a most important factor on which the advance of technology and industry depends. Our progress in space, in electronics, and in atomic energy is directly linked to the solution of crucial materials problems.25.The purpose of the design calculations is of course to attempt to predict the stress or deformation if the part in order that it may safely carry the loads which will be imposed upon it, and that it may last for the expected life of the machine. All calculations are, of course, dependent on the physical properties of the construction materials as determined by laboratory tests. A rational method of design attempts to take the results of relatively simple and fundamental tests and apply them to all the complicated and involved situations encountered in present-day machinery.二、按要求翻译下列句子（略）……答案1.对大多数设计问题的解决并不是来源于一组公式，而是受制于要满足很多设计要求和实际限制诸如可用的工具或使用的舒适性。
《机械工程专业英语》测试题(18-22)含答案
《机械工程专业英语》测验题(18-22)一、将下列词组译成汉语1.the base circle（基圆）2.the pitch curve（啮合曲线）3.the contact force（接触力）4.the intermittent motion（间歇运动）5.the common normal（公法线）6.the conjugate profiles（共轭齿廓）7.the cycloidal profiles （摆线齿形）8.the involute profiles（渐开线齿形）9.the spur gear（直齿轮）10.the herringbone gears（双螺旋齿轮）11.the face gear（端面齿轮）12.the radial distance（径向距离）13.the addendum circle（齿顶圆）14.The tooth thickness（齿厚）15.the tooth space（齿间隙）16.the cap screws（螺钉）17.the setscrews（固定螺丝钉）18.the engineering graphics（工程力学）19.mechanical design（机械设计）20.the installation techniques（安装技术）21.the bolted joint（螺栓连接）22.the hardened washers（强化垫圈）23.the fatigue resistance（抗疲劳强度）24.the modulus of elasticity（弹性模量）25.the antifriction bearing（减摩轴承）26.the rolling bearing（滚动轴承）27.the rolling contact （滚动接触）28.the sliding contact（滑动触电）29.the corrosion resistance（抗腐蚀性）30.the machining tolerances（加工公差）31.the fatigue loading（疲劳载荷）32.the radial loads（径向负荷）33.the thrust loads逆负荷34.the ball bearing球轴承35.the roller bearing滚子轴承36.the single-row bearings单沟轴承37.the double-row bearing双沟轴承38.the needle bearing滚针轴承39.the bearing life轴承寿命40.The rating life额定寿命41.the axis of rotation旋转轴42.The helix angle螺旋角43.a right-hand helix 右旋44.a left-hand helix左旋45.an involute helicoids螺旋面46.an involute curve渐开线47.the shaft centerlines轴中心线48.worm gear蜗轮49.the hypoid gear准双曲面齿轮50.right angle直角51.worm gearing蜗杆传动52.the lead angle导角53.shaft angle轴线角度54.bending load弯曲载荷55.tension load张力负荷pression load压缩负载57.torsional load扭转负荷58.the bending moment弯矩59.the bending stress弯曲应力60.the shot peening喷丸法61.the actuating force工作力62.the coefficient of friction摩擦系数63.An electromagnetic coil电磁线圈64.the magnetic circuit磁路二、将下列短语译成汉语1.disk or plate translating (two-dimensional or planar)盘形传动凸轮（两维的，即平面的）2.cylindrical (three-dimensional or spatial) cams圆柱形凸轮（三维的，即空间的）机构3. a radial (in-line) translating roller follower一个对心直动滚子从动件4. a constant angular velocity ratio旋转角速度的比例5. a constant torque ratio一个恒转矩比6.Nonlinear angular velocity ratios非线性角速度比率7.the parallel helical gear平行斜齿轮8.the crossed helical gear交叉斜齿轮9.the straight bevel gear直锥齿轮10.the spiral bevel gear弧齿锥齿轮11.the skew bevel gear大角度斜交锥齿轮12.the hexagon head screws六角头螺钉13.the fillister head screws槽头螺钉14.the flat head screws 平头螺钉15.the hexagon socket head screws内六角沉头螺钉。
(完整版)机械专业英语期末考试题及答案,推荐文档
机械专业英语期末考试题及答案一．词汇翻译画法几何descriptive geometry机械制图Mechanical drawing投影projection视图view剖视图profile chart标准件standard component零件图part drawing装配图assembly drawing尺寸标注size marking技术要求technical requirements主轴spindle主轴箱headstock卡盘chuck加工中心machining center车刀lathe tool车床lathe钻削镗削bore车削turning磨床grinder基准benchmark钳工locksmith机螺纹thread电一体化mechanotronics mechanical-electrical integration精加工finish machining粗加工rough machining变速箱体gearbox casing表面粗糙度surface roughness二．将下列短语译成汉语1.the fatigue loading（疲劳载荷）2.the radial loads（径向负荷）3.the thrust loads逆负荷4.the ball bearing球轴承5.the roller bearing滚子轴承6.the single-row bearings单沟轴承7.the double-row bearing双沟轴承8.the needle bearing滚针轴承9.the bearing life轴承寿命10.The rating life额定寿命11.the axis of rotation旋转轴12.The helix angle螺旋角13.a right-hand helix 右旋14.a left-hand helix左旋15.an involute helicoids螺旋面16.an involute curve渐开线17.the shaft centerlines轴中心线18.worm gear蜗轮19.the hypoid gear准双曲面齿轮20.right angle直角21.worm gearing蜗杆传动22.the lead angle导角23.shaft angle轴线角度24.bending load弯曲载荷25.tension load张力负荷pression load压缩负载27.torsional load扭转负荷28.the bending moment弯矩29.the bending stress弯曲应力30.30.four-bar linkage（四连杆机构）三．翻译下列句子1. The simplest closed-loop linkage is the four-bar linkage, which has three moving links (plus one fixed link) and four pin joints.（最简单的封闭式的连杆机构就是四杆机构，四杆机构有三个运动构件（加上一个固定构件）并且有四个销轴。
机械专业英语试题及答案
教研室主任 （签字） 学院院长（系主任） （签字）C. degradation…corrosionD. corrosion… degradation12. Most frames _______ cast iron, weld steel, composition, or concrete.A. are made fromB. are made up ofC. was produced byD. was consist of13. Rotating shafts particularly those that run at high speeds, must be designed to avoidoperationat speeds.A . lowB .overload C. critical D. hollow14. Although cast iron is a fairly cheap material, each casting requires a .A. patternB. modelC. moldD. patent15. The term is used to describe joints with surface contact, as with a pin surrounded by a hole.A. high pairB. low pairC. surface pairD. rotary pair二、完型填空（在每个小题四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，本大题共15小题，每小题1分，总计15分）The term shaft usually refers to a relatively long member of round cross section that rotates and transmits power. One or more members such as gears, sprockets, pulleys, and cams are usually (16) to the shaft by means of pins, keys, splines, snap rings, and other devi ces. These latter members are among the “associated parts” considered in this text, as are couplings and universal joint, which serve to (17) the shaft to the source of power or load.考生注意：考试时间 120 分钟试卷总分 100 分共 5 页第 1 页Sometimes members like gears and cams are made (28) with shaft, butmore often such members (which also include pulleys, sprockets, etc)aremade separately and then(29) shaft. The portion of the mounted memberin contact with the shaft is the hub. Attachment of the hub to the shaftis made in variety of ways. A gear can be gripped (30) between ashoulder on the shaft and a spacer, with torque being transmittedthrough a key. The grooves in the shaft and hub into which the key fitsare called keyways.16、 A) cement B) attached C) connected D) concrete17、 A) endure B) transmit C) serve D) connect18、 A) support B) meet C) satisfy D) strong19、 A) aims B) idler C) terminal D) tomb20、 A) due to B) weather C) whether D) for21、 A) elasticity B) torsional C) inertia D)acceleration22、 A) subjected B)…connect C) and D) From23、 A) deeply B) strength C) clearly understand D)long time24、 A) identify B) cross C) round D)lateral25、 A) lucrative B) objectionable C) attractable D)terrible订线read as follows.Engineering design is the process of devising a system, component, or process to meet desired needs. It is decision making process(often iterative),in which the basic sciences, mathematics, and engineering sciences are applied to convert resources optimally to meet a sated objectives and criteria, synthesis, analysis, construction ,testing, and evaluation. The engineering design component of a curriculum must include most of the following features : development of student creativity, use of open-ended problem statement and use of modern design theory and methodology, formulation of design problem statement and specification, consideration of alternative solutions, feasibility considerations, production process, concurrent engineering design, and detailed system descriptions. Further, it is essential to include a variety of realistic constraints such as economic factors, safety, reliability, aesthetics, ethics, and social impact.31、what’s the main meaning of message (1)?A) Engineering design is a systematic process B) materials engineer’s main workC) mechanical engineer’s has good idea D) electrical engineer’ main duty32、In the author’s opinion, the design process is very complex and should taken intoaccount many factors, from the message who should NOT join into the design team _______.A) environmentalists,B) sociologistsC) engineersD) Government officials33、From the message, we can know the meaning of words “ABET”(at line third paragraph)is _____.A) a set of accredits standardB) a kind of design methodC) a department of US government which responsible for engineering designD) A set of law34、It can be concluded from the passage that in the exercise and training of student,which character of the following is NOT included in the curriculum ______.A) creativityB) new materialC) ethicsD) economic factors35、The title of the message is ______.A) the roles of engineers in manufacturingB) the importance of mechanical designC) engineering designD) The process of machine designTEXT 2Working drawings are the complete set of standardized drawings specifying the manufactureand assembly of a product based on its design. The complexity of the design determines the number and types of drawings. Working drawings may be on more than one sheet and may contain written instructions called specifications.Working drawings are blueprints used for manufacturing products. Therefore, the set of drawings must:(a) completely describe the parts, both visually and dimensionally;(b)show the parts in assembly;(3)identify all the parts; and (4)specify standard parts. The graphics and text information must be sufficiently complete and accurate to manufacture and assemble the product without error.共 5 页第 2页(1) Detail drawings of each nonstandard parts.(2) An assembly or subassembly drawing showing all the standard and nonstandard parts in a single drawing.(3) A bill of materials (BOM).(4) A title block.A detail drawing is a dimensioned, multiview drawing of a single part, describing the part’s shape, size, material, and surface roughness, in sufficient detail for the part to be manufactured based on the drawing alone. Detail drawings are produced from design sketches or extracted from 3-D computer models. They adhere strictly to ANSI standards and the standard for the specific company, for dimensioning, assigning part numbers, notes, tolerances, etc.In an assembly, standard parts such as threaded fasteners and bearings are not drawn as details, but are shown in the assembly view. Standard parts are not drawn as details because they are normally purchased, not manufactured, for assembly.For large assemblies or assembled with large parts, details are drawn on multiple sheets, and a separate sheet is used for the assembly view. If the assembly is simple or the parts are small, detail drawings for each part of an assembly can be placed on a single sheet.Multiple details on a sheet are usually drawn at the same scale. If different scales are used, they are clearly marked under each detail. Also,when more than one detail is placed on a sheet, the spacing between detailsTEXT 3One principle aim of kinematics is to create (design) the desired motions of the subjects’ mechanical parts and then mathematically compute the positions, velocities, and accelerations, which those will create on the parts. Since, for most earthbound mechanical systems, the mass remains essentially constant with time, defining the accelerations as a function of time then also defines the dynamic forces as a function of time. Stresses, in turn, will be a function of both applied and inertial (ma) forces. Since engineering design is charged with creating systems which will not fail during their expected service life, the goal is to keep stresses within acceptable limits for the materials chosen and the environmental conditions encountered. This obviously requires that all system forces be defined and kept within desired limits. In machinery, the largest forces encountered are often those due to the dynamics of the machine itself. These dynamic forces are proportional to acceleration, which brings us back to kinematics, the foundation of mechanical design. Very basic and early decision in the design process involving kinematic principles can be crucial to the success of any mechanical design; a design which has poor kinematics will prove troublesome and perform badly.Any mechanical system can be classified according to the number of degree of freedom (DOF) which it processes. The system’s DOF is equal to the number of independent parameters which are needed to uniquely define its position in space at any instant of time.A rigid body free to move within a reference frame will, in the general case, has complex motion, which is a simultaneous combination of rotation and translation. In three-dimensional space, there may be rotation about any axis and also simultaneous translation which can be resolved into components along three axes. In a plane, or two-dimensional space, complex motion becomes a combination of simultaneous rotation about one axis (perpendicular to theplane) and also translation resolved into components along two axes in the plane41、Kinematics research focus on the following EXCEPT ______..A) accelerations B) forceC) positions, D) velocities42、From the passage that for the design engineer the first and most important is____A) the service life of a machine B) the materials chooseC) the degree of freedom D) kinematic principles43、An mechanical system has uniquely defined position in space at any instant of time that ___.A) It should has one DOFB) It should Has two DOFC) the DOF and the number of independent parameters should equalD) It should has any DOF as want44、 which one of the following is NOT TRUE _______?.A) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space may rotation about any axisB) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space is a simultaneous combinationof rotation and translationC) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space can be resolved into componentsalong three axesD) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space may has complex motion45、The best title for this passage would be _______.A) kinematics B) dynamicsC) kinematics and dynamic D) the important of kinematics共 5 页第3 页1．将下列英语句子译成汉语（共5小题，每小题2分）（1）A perfectly rigid or inextensible link can exist only as a textbook type of model of a real machine member.（2）Foundations should ensure the machine’s stiffness; shock absorption and isolation are secondary considerations.(3)Thus, if a mechanical component such as a spring is subjected to repetitive or cyclical applications of stress levels much lower than the ultimate strength, it will fracture after a large number of repetitions of this stress.（4）Interchangeability means that identical parts must be interchangeable, i.e., able to replace each other, whether during assembly or subsequent maintenance work; without the need for any fitting operations.（5）A gear can be gripped axially between a shoulder on the shaft and a spacer, with torque being transmitted through a key.2、将下段英语翻译成汉语（10分）As we look around us we see a world full of “things”, machines, devices, tools, things that we have designed, built, and used; things made of wood, metals, ceramics, and plastics. We know from experience that some things are better than others; they last longer, cost less, are quieter, or are ease to use. Ideally , however, every such item has been designed according to some set of “functional requirements” as perceived by thedesigners—that is, it hs been designed so as to answer the question,（5）当一个装置意外地失效后，通常需要进行研究工作，来找出失效的原因和确定可能的改正措施。
机械英语考试试题及答案
机械英语考试试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The term "mechanical engineering" refers to:A. The study of machinesB. The design and manufacture of mechanical systemsC. The operation of machineryD. The maintenance of mechanical equipment答案：B2. What is the function of a bearing in a mechanical system?A. To reduce frictionB. To increase efficiencyC. To provide powerD. To transmit motion答案：A3. The process of converting thermal energy into mechanical energy is known as:A. ElectrificationB. CombustionC. ThermodynamicsD. Hydrodynamics答案：C4. In mechanical design, the principle of "KISS" stands for:A. Keep It Simple, StupidB. Keep It Short and SimpleC. Keep It Simple and SafeD. Keep It Simple, Smart答案：A5. A gear train is used to:A. Change the direction of motionB. Increase the speed of rotationC. Decrease the speed of rotationD. All of the above答案：D6. What does CAD stand for in mechanical engineering?A. Computer-Aided DesignB. Computer-Aided DraftingC. Computer-Aided DevelopmentD. Computer-Aided Diagnostics答案：A7. The SI unit for force is:A. NewtonB. JouleC. PascalD. Watt答案：A8. What is the purpose of a flywheel in a mechanical system?A. To store energyB. To increase speedC. To reduce noiseD. To dissipate heat答案：A9. The term "hydraulics" is associated with the study of:A. Fluid dynamicsB. Solid mechanicsC. Structural analysisD. Thermal engineering答案：A10. The process of cutting a material to a specific shape is known as:A. MachiningB. CastingC. ForgingD. Extrusion答案：A二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）11. The formula for calculating the moment of a force is \( F \times d \), where \( F \) is the force and \( d \) is the_______.答案：distance from the pivot12. A _______ is a device that converts linear motion into rotational motion.答案：crank13. In a four-stroke internal combustion engine, the four strokes are intake, compression, _______, and exhaust.答案：power14. The _______ of a material is its ability to resist deformation under load.答案：stiffness15. The term "overhaul" in mechanical maintenance refers to a thorough inspection and _______ of a machine or its parts.答案：repair16. The _______ of a machine is the study of how forces act on and within a body.答案: statics17. A _______ is a type of machine that uses a screw to convert rotational motion into linear motion.答案：screw jack18. The _______ of a system is the point around which the system rotates.答案：pivot19. The _______ of a lever is the ratio of the effort arm to the load arm.答案：mechanical advantage20. The _______ is a type of bearing that allows for rotation with minimal friction.答案：ball bearing三、简答题（每题5分，共30分）21. Explain the difference between static and dynamic equilibrium in mechanical systems.答案：Static equilibrium refers to a state where the net force and net moment acting on a body are zero, resulting in no acceleration. Dynamic equilibrium occurs when the net force is zero, but the body is in motion with constant velocity.22. What is the purpose of a clutch in a vehicle?答案：A clutch is used to engage and disengage the power transmission from the engine to the transmission system, allowing the vehicle to start, stop, and change gears smoothly.23. Describe the function of a governor in an engine.答案：A governor is a device that automatically controls the speed of an engine by regulating the fuel supply or the valve settings, ensuring the engine operates within safespeed limits.24. What are the three primary types of joints in structural engineering?答案：The three primary types of joints are pinned joints, fixed joints, and sliding joints, each serving different purposes in connecting and supporting structural elements.25. Explain the。
机械专业英语试题及答案
精品文档机械工程专业英语课程考试方式（□闭卷□开卷）课程性质（□必修□限选□任选）一、选择题分，115小题，每小题（在每题四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，本大题共分）总计15planar undergoes the system linkage move in parallel planes 1. If all points in a.motion and the linkage may be described as aD. slide B. planar linkage C. joints A. planar motion sometimes are Though 2. frame material and design should handle damping, built into frame sections to handle specific problems.D. screwC. dampers A .beams B. holesThe maximum allowable deflection of a shaft ______ determined by critical speed, 3. gear, or bearing requirements.D. is usually C. was B. must A. oftenmore generate solutions as we to _____ to better and better 4. We will have information.D. try ways B. iterating C. iterate A. repeat many timesdetermine to then examined configuration is _______ specified and 5. If a product whether the performance requirements are met.D. have beenC. temporary B. tentatively A. finallyManufacturing can be defined as the _____ of raw materials into useful products 6. through the use of the easiest and lest-expensive methods.D. transformingC. process B. processing A. transformation7. The planer and knee types of milling machine is _____ because of its flexibility.B. most popular A. used most commonlyD. most powerfulC. the most commonly usedforce _____ frequency of the vibrate result, the system will at the 8. As a regardless of the initial conditions or natural frequency of the system.D. actC. out B. excitation A. actionthe between the relationship components are assembled together, Before 9. two dimensions of the mating surfaces_______.should printed clearlyB. A. must be giving outC. must be specifiedD. should be clearly noted10. The main practical advantage of lower pairs is their better ability to trap lubricant between their ______ surfaces.D. outsideA. envelopingB. matingC. outer11. The word______ itself usually refers to the deterioration of metals and ceramics, while similar phenomena in plastics generally called ______.A. recrystallization…. corrosionB. recrystallization…degradation精品文档．精品文档D. corrosion…degradation C. degradation…corrosion12. Most frames _______ cast iron, weld steel, composition, or concrete.B. are made up ofA. are made fromD. was consist ofC. was produced by13. Rotating shafts particularly those that run at high speeds, must be designed to avoid operationspeeds.atD. hollow C. critical B .overload A . low.14. Although cast iron is a fairly cheap material, each casting requires aD. patentC. mold B. model A. patternis used to describe joints with surface contact, as with a pin surrounded by a hole.15. The termD. rotary pair C. surface pair B. low pair A. high pair15分）二、完型填空（在每个小题四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，本大题共15小题，每小题1分，总计The term shaft usually refers to a relatively long member of round cross section that rotates andtransmits power. One or more members such as gears, sprockets, pulleys, and cams are usually (16)to the shaft by means of pins, keys, splines, snap rings, and other devices. These latter members areamong the “associated parts”considered in this text, as are couplings and universal joint, which servethe shaft to the source of power or load.to (17)A shaft can have a noround cross section, ant it need not necessarily rotate. It can be stationary anda rotating member, such as the short shafts that support the nondriving wheels of an serve to (18)(20) depending on automobile. The shafts supporting(19) gears can be either rotating or stationarythe gear is attached to the shaft or supported by it through bearings.of shafts can be subjected to various combinations axial, bending, and(21) that It isapparentloads, and that these loads may be static or fluctuating. Typically, a rotating shaft transmitting power isreversed a completely together a mean torsional stress) with a (22) to constant torque (producingbending load (producing an alternating bending stress).requirements, shafts must be designed so that deflections are within In addition to satisfying (23)cause (25) deflection acceptable limits. Excessive (24) shafts can hamper gear performance andbearings(either noise. The associated angular deflection can no-self- aligning be very destructive tomechanism. gear driven cam the can affect accuracy of a or or plain rolling). (26) deflectioncorresponding lower the (27) or the Furthermore, the greater flexibility -either lateral torsional-thespeed.100 试卷总分分钟120 考试时间考生注意：分页5 共1 第页精品文档．精品文档Sometimes members like gears and cams are made (28) with shaft, but moreoften such members (which also include pulleys, sprockets, etc)are made separately and then(29) shaft. The portion of the mounted member in contactwith the shaft is the hub. Attachment of the hub to the shaft is made invariety ofways. A gear can be gripped (30) between a shoulder on the shaft and a spacer, with torque being transmitted through a key. The grooves in the shaft and hub intowhich the key fits are called keyways.班级attached C) connected B) D) concrete 16、A) cement connect D) C) serve 17、A) endure B) transmitsupport B) meet C) satisfy 18、A) D) strong 学号idler C) terminal 19、A) aims B) D) tomb装whether C) D) for20、A) due to B) weather torsional C) inertia 21、A) elasticity B) D) accelerationsubjected B)…connect C) and 、A) D) From22姓名strength C) clearly understand 23、A) deeply B) D) long time lateral D) C) round 24、A) identify B) cross objectionable C) attractable B) D) terrible 25、A) lucrativeTorsional D) Movement C) 26、A) Moment B)Tormentcritical C) first B) D) important 27、A) highintegral C) D) simplification 、A) work B) idealization 28 mounted onto B) refers C) referring to 29、A) D) indicatesaxially D) 30、A) deformations B) bending limits C) laternal 订三、阅读理解（在每个小题四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案，填在题头的表中）（本大题共20小题，每小题2分，总计40分）Text 1Engineering design is a systematic process by which solution to the needs of humankind are obtained .The process is applied to problems(needs) of varying complexity .For example, mechanical engineers will use the design process to find an effective, efficient method to convert reciprocating motion to circular motion for the drive train in an intnternal combustion engine; electrical engineers will use the process to design electrical generating systems using falling wateras the power source; and materials engineers use the process to design ablative materials whichenable astronauts to safely reenter the earth's atmosphere.线The vast majority of complex problems in today's high technology society depend for solutionnot on a single engineering discipline, but on teams of engineers, scientists, environmentalists, economists, sociologists, and legal personnel. Solutions are not only dependent regulations and political influence. As engineers we are empowered with the technical expertise to develop new and improved products and systems, but at the same time we must be increasingly aware of the impactof our actions on society and the environment in general and work conscientiously toward the best solution in view of all relevant factors.Design is the culmination of engineering educational process; it is the salient feature thatdistinguishes engineering design is found in the curriculum guidelines of the Accreditation Boardfor Engineering and Technology(ABET).ABET accredits curricula in engineering schools andderives its membership from the various engineering professional societies. Each accredited curriculum has a well-defined design component which falls within the ABET statement on design精品文档．精品文档read as follows.Engineering design is the process of devising a system, component, or process to meet desired needs. It is decision makingprocess(often iterative),in which the basic sciences, mathematics, and engineering sciences are applied to convert resourcesoptimally to meet a sated objectives and criteria, synthesis, analysis, construction ,testing, and evaluation. The engineeringdesign component of a curriculum must include most of the following features : development of student creativity, use ofopen-ended problem statement and use of modern design theory and methodology, formulation of design problem statementand specification, consideration of alternative solutions, feasibility considerations, production process, concurrent engineeringdesign, and detailed system descriptions. Further, it is essential to include a variety of realistic constraints such as economicfactors, safety, reliability, aesthetics, ethics, and social impact.31、what's the main meaning of message (1)?A) Engineering design is a systematic process B) materials engineer's main workC) mechanical engineer's has good idea D) electrical engineer' main duty32、In the author's opinion, the design process is very complex and should taken into account many factors, from themessage who should NOT join into the design team _______.A) environmentalists,B) sociologistsC) engineersD) Government officials33、From the message, we can know the meaning of words “ABET”(at line third paragraph) is _____.A) a set of accredits standardB) a kind of design methodC) a department of US government which responsible for engineering designD) A set of law34、It can be concluded from the passage that in the exercise and training of student, which character of the following isNOT included in the curriculum ______.A) creativityB) new materialC) ethicsD) economic factors35、The title of the message is ______.A) the roles of engineers in manufacturingB) the importance of mechanical designC) engineering designD) The process of machine designTEXT 2Working drawings are the complete set of standardized drawings specifying the manufacture and assembly of a productbased on its design. The complexity of the design determines the number and types of drawings. Working drawings may be onmore than one sheet and may contain written instructions called specifications.Working drawings are blueprints used for manufacturing products. Therefore, the set of drawings must:(a) completelydescribe the parts, both visually and dimensionally;(b)show the parts in assembly;(3)identify all the parts; and (4)specifystandard parts. The graphics and text information must be sufficiently complete and accurate to manufacture and assemble theproduct without error.共5 页第 2 页精品文档．精品文档Generally, a complete set of Working drawings for an assembly includes:(1) Detail drawings of each nonstandard parts.(2) An assembly or subassembly drawing showing all the standard and nonstandard parts in a single drawing.(3) A bill of materials (BOM). (4) A title block.A detail drawing is a dimensioned, multiview drawing of a single part, describing the part's shape, size, material, and surface roughness, in sufficient detail for the part to be manufacturedbased on the drawing alone. Detail drawings are produced from design sketches or extracted from 3-D computer models. They adhere strictly to ANSI standards and the standard for the specific company, for dimensioning, assigning part numbers, notes, tolerances, etc. In an assembly, standard parts such as threaded fasteners and bearings are not drawn as details, but are shown in the assembly view. Standard parts are not drawn as details because they are normally purchased, not manufactured, for assembly.For large assemblies or assembled with large parts, details are drawn on multiple sheets, and a separate sheet is used for the assembly view. If the assembly is simple or the parts are small, detaildrawings for each part of an assembly can be placed on a single sheet.Multiple details on a sheet are usually drawn at the same scale. If different scales are used,they are clearly marked under each detail. Also, when more than one detail is placed on a sheet, the spacing between details is carefully planned, including leaving sufficient room for dimensions and notes.36. Based on the message, which of the follow is wrong?订A) standard parts needn't drawn as detailsB) for simple parts, sometimes needn't to draw the detail working drawingC) for large assemblies details may drawn on multiple sheetsD) If different scales used in a single sheet, they should clearly marked under each detail37. Working drawings for an assembly MAY NOT includes: ?A) BOM B) title blockC) An assembly or subassembly drawing D) Detail drawings of all parts.38. For detail drawing, Which one of the following statement is not true ?A) should not has different scalesB) Detail drawing can produced from design sketches or extracted from 3-D computermodels.线C) detail drawing is a dimensioned, multiview drawing of a single partD) should Adhere strictly to ANSI standards39. From the message we can infer ANSI is ?A) a set of law B) a set of notificationC) an Organization D) IEEE government40. The topic of the message is ?A) How to design working drawings.B) working drawing's character and the key influence of how to draw a working drawingC) In the design process, what should be considered?What is working drawing D)精品文档．精品文档TEXT 3One principle aim of kinematics is to create (design) the desired motions of the subjects' mechanicalparts and then mathematically compute the positions, velocities, and accelerations, which those will create onthe parts. Since, for most earthbound mechanical systems, the mass remains essentially constant with time,defining the accelerations as a function of time then also defines the dynamic forces as a function of time.Stresses, in turn, will be a function of both applied and inertial (ma) forces. Since engineering design ischarged with creating systems which will not fail during their expected service life, the goal is to keepstresses within acceptable limits for the materials chosen and the environmental conditions encountered. Thisobviously requires that all system forces be defined and kept within desired limits. In machinery, the largestforces encountered are often those due to the dynamics of the machine itself. These dynamic forces areproportional to acceleration, which brings us back to kinematics, the foundation of mechanical design. Verybasic and early decision in the design process involving kinematic principles can be crucial to the success ofany mechanical design; a design which has poor kinematics will prove troublesome and perform badly.Any mechanical system can be classified according to the number of degree of freedom (DOF) which itprocesses. The system's DOF is equal to the number of independent parameters which are needed touniquely define its position in space at any instant of time.A rigid body free to move within a reference frame will, in the general case, has complex motion, whichis a simultaneous combination of rotation and translation. In three-dimensional space, there may be rotationabout any axis and also simultaneous translation which can be resolved into components along three axes. Ina plane, or two-dimensional space, complex motion becomes a combination of simultaneous rotation aboutone axis (perpendicular to the plane) and also translation resolved into components along two axes in theplane41、Kinematics research focus on the following EXCEPT ______..A) accelerations B) forceC) positions, D) velocities42、From the passage that for the design engineer the first and most important is____A) the service life of a machine B) the materials chooseC) the degree of freedom D) kinematic principles43、An mechanical system has uniquely defined position in space at any instant of time that ___.A) It should has one DOFB) It should Has two DOFC) the DOF and the number of independent parameters should equalD) It should has any DOF as want44、which one of the following is NOT TRUE _______?.A) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space may rotation about any axisB) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space is a simultaneous combination of rotationand translationC) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space can be resolved into components alongthree axesD) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space may has complex motion45、The best title for this passage would be _______.A) kinematics B) dynamicsC) kinematics and dynamic D) the important of kinematics共5 页第 3 页精品文档．精品文档四、英译汉（共20分）1．将下列英语句子译成汉语（共5小题，每小题2分）A perfectly rigid or inextensible link can exist only as a textbook type of model of ）1（a real machine member.Foundations should ensure the machine's stiffness; shock absorption and isolation ）（2are secondary considerations.cyclical or spring a mechanical component such as a is subjected to repetitive Thus, (3)if large after a strength, of applications stress levels much lower than the ultimate it will fracture number of repetitions of this stress.Interchangeability means that identical parts must be interchangeable, i.e., able to replace each 4）（other, whether during assembly or subsequent maintenance work; without the need for any fitting operations.A gear can be gripped axially between a shoulder on the shaft and a spacer, with ）（5torque being transmitted through a key.分）、将下段英语翻译成汉语（102As we look around us we see a world full of “things”, machines, devices, tools, things that we 订have designed, built, and used; things made of wood, metals, ceramics, and plastics. We know from experience that some things are better than others; they last longer, cost less, are quieter, or are easeto use. Ideally , however, every such item has been designed according to some set of “functional the answer to been that designers—is, it hs designed so as perceived requirements”as by themajor engineering, the world In it “exactly question, what function should perform?”the of function frequently is to support some type of loading due to weight, inertia , pressure, etc.五、英译汉（共20分）1、将下列分）25小题，每小题句子译成英语（共一个或多个诸如齿轮，链轮，皮带轮和凸轮等类的构件通常借助于销、键、）（1 线花键、卡环或其它装置连接到轴上。
《机械工程专业英语》测试题含答案
封面作者：Pan Hongliang仅供个人学习《机械工程专业英语》测验题(18-22)一、将下列词组译成汉语1.the base circle（基圆）2.the pitch curve（啮合曲线）3.the contact force（接触力）4.the intermittent motion（间歇运动）5.the common normal（公法线）6.the conjugate profiles（共轭齿廓）7.the cycloidal profiles （摆线齿形）8.the involute profiles（渐开线齿形）9.the spur gear（直齿轮）10.the herringbone gears（双螺旋齿轮）11.the face gear（端面齿轮）12.the radial distance（径向距离）13.the addendum circle（齿顶圆）14.The tooth thickness（齿厚）15.the tooth space（齿间隙）16.the cap screws（螺钉）17.the setscrews（固定螺丝钉）18.the engineering graphics（工程力学）19.mechanical design（机械设计）20.the installation techniques（安装技术）21.the bolted joint（螺栓连接）22.the hardened washers（强化垫圈）23.the fatigue resistance（抗疲劳强度）24.the modulus of elasticity（弹性模量）25.the antifriction bearing（减摩轴承）26.the rolling bearing（滚动轴承）27.the rolling contact （滚动接触）28.the sliding contact（滑动触电）29.the corrosion resistance（抗腐蚀性）30.the machining tolerances（加工公差）31.the fatigue loading（疲劳载荷）32.the radial loads（径向负荷）33.the thrust loads逆负荷34.the ball bearing球轴承35.the roller bearing滚子轴承36.the single-row bearings单沟轴承37.the double-row bearing双沟轴承38.the needle bearing滚针轴承39.the bearing life轴承寿命40.The rating life额定寿命41.the axis of rotation旋转轴42.The helix angle螺旋角43.a right-hand helix 右旋44.a left-hand helix左旋45.an involute helicoids螺旋面46.an involute curve渐开线47.the shaft centerlines轴中心线48.worm gear蜗轮49.the hypoid gear准双曲面齿轮50.right angle直角51.worm gearing蜗杆传动52.the lead angle导角53.shaft angle轴线角度54.bending load弯曲载荷55.tension load张力负荷pression load压缩负载57.torsional load扭转负荷58.the bending moment弯矩59.the bending stress弯曲应力60.the shot peening喷丸法61.the actuating force工作力62.the coefficient of friction摩擦系数63.An electromagnetic coil电磁线圈64.the magnetic circuit磁路二、将下列短语译成汉语1.disk or plate translating (two-dimensional or planar)盘形传动凸轮（两维的，即平面的）2.cylindrical (three-dimensional or spatial) cams圆柱形凸轮（三维的，即空间的）机构3. a radial (in-line) translating roller follower一个对心直动滚子从动件4. a constant angular velocity ratio旋转角速度的比例5. a constant torque ratio一个恒转矩比6.Nonlinear angular velocity ratios非线性角速度比率7.the parallel helical gear平行斜齿轮8.the crossed helical gear交叉斜齿轮9.the straight bevel gear直锥齿轮10.the spiral bevel gear弧齿锥齿轮11.the skew bevel gear大角度斜交锥齿轮12.the hexagon head screws六角头螺钉13.the fillister head screws槽头螺钉14.the flat head screws 平头螺钉15.the hexagon socket head screws内六角沉头螺钉。
机械专业考研英语试题及答案
机械专业考研英语试题及答案机械专业考研英语模拟试题Part I Listening Comprehension (20 points)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices printed, A, B, C and D, and decide which one would be the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.Conversation 1W: I'm really tired of all this paperwork. Do you think we could use a computer to do it?M: Yes, I think it would be a great help.Questions:1. What does the woman imply?A. She is not good at typing.B. She is tired of using the computer.C. She is bored with the paperwork.D. She wants to get rid of the computer.2. How does the man react to the woman's suggestion?A. He agrees with her.B. He disagrees with her.C. He has no opinion.D. He has no idea about it.Conversation 2...Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages, and you will be asked 3 questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read once, but the questions will be spoken twice. After you hear a question, read the four choices printed, A, B, C and D, and decide which one would be the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage 1[Passage will be about a new development in mechanical engineering.]Questions:1. What is the passage mainly about?A. The history of mechanical engineering.B. A recent breakthrough in mechanical engineering.C. The challenges faced by mechanical engineers.D. The future of mechanical engineering.2. What does the speaker think about the new development?A. It is controversial.B. It is promising.C. It is expensive.D. It is unnecessary....Part II Reading Comprehension (40 points)Section ADirections: Read the following passage. After reading it, you are required to complete the statements that follow by choosing the correct answer from the four choices provided A, B, C, and D. Mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage 1The field of mechanical engineering has seen significant advancements in recent years, largely due to the integration of computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) technologies. These technologies have revolutionized the way engineers design and manufacturemechanical components, leading to increased efficiency and precision.1. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The history of mechanical engineering.B. The impact of CAD and CAM on mechanical engineering.C. The challenges faced by mechanical engineers.D. The future of mechanical engineering.2. According to the passage, what have CAD and CAM technologies contributed to?A. Cost reduction in manufacturing.B. Increased efficiency and precision in design and manufacturing.C. A decrease in the need for skilled engineers.D. A shift towards manual design methods....Part III Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)Section ADirections: For each numbered blank in the following passage, choose the appropriate answer from the four choices given. Then, mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.PassageThe development of modern machinery has been greatlyinfluenced by the availability of new materials and the application of advanced technologies. For instance, the use of high-strength alloys has allowed engineers to design components that are both lighter and stronger, which has significantly improved the performance of mechanical systems.1. The new materials have led to components that are _______.A. heavierB. lighterC. more expensiveD. less efficient2. The performance of mechanical systems has been _______.A. reducedB. improvedC. unchangedD. compromised...Part IV Writing (20 points)Section ADirections: Write an essay of about 200 words based on the following picture. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of continuous learning in the field of mechanical engineering.Picture[A picture showing an engineer working on a computer with a background of various mechanical components and a book titled "Advanced Mechanical Engineering" open beside him.]Sample EssayThe picture vividly depicts an engineer deeply engrossed in his work。
机械专业英语试题及答案
机械专业英语试题及答案12. Most frames _______ cast iron, weld steel, composition, or concrete.A. are made fromB. are made up ofC. was produced byD. was consist of13. Rotating shafts particularly those that run at high speeds, must be designed to avoidoperationat speeds.A . lowB .overload C. critical D. hollow14. Although cast iron is a fairly cheap material, each casting requires a .A. patternB. modelC. moldD. patent15. The term is used to describe joints with surface contact, as with a pin surrounded by a hole.A. high pairB. low pairC. surface pairD. rotary pair⼆、完型填空（在每个⼩题四个备选答案中选出⼀个正确答案，本⼤题共15⼩题，每⼩题1分，总计15分）The term shaft usually refers to a relatively long member of round cross section that rotates and transmits power. One or more members such as gears, sprockets, pulleys, and cams are usually (16) to the shaft by means of pins, keys, splines, snap rings,a nd other devices. These latter members are among the “associated parts” consideredin this text, as are couplings and universal joint, which serve to (17) the shaft to the source of power or load.A shaft can have a noround cross section, ant it need not necessarily rotate. It canbe stationary and serve to (18) a rotating member, such as the short shafts that support the nondriving wheels of an automobile. The shafts supporting(19) gears can be either rotating or stationary depending on (20) the gear is attached to the shaft or supported by it through bearings.It is apparent that shafts can be subjected to various combinations of axial, bending, and(21) loads, and that these loads may be static or fluctuating. Typically,a rotating shaft transmitting power is (22) to a constant torque (producing a meantorsional stress) together with a completely reversed bending load (producing an alternating bending stress).In addition to satisfying (23) requirements, shafts must be designed so that deflections are within acceptable limits. Excessive (24) shafts deflection can hamper gear performance and cause (25) noise. The associated angular deflection can be very destructive to no-self- aligning bearings(either plain or rolling). (26) deflection can affect the accuracy of a cam or gear driven mechanism. Furthermore, the greater the flexibility -either lateral or torsional-the lower the corresponding (27) speed.考⽣注意：考试时间 120 分钟试卷总分 100 分共 5 页第 1 页Sometimes members like gears and cams are made (28) with shaft, but more often such members (which also include pulleys, sprockets, etc)are made separately and then(29) shaft. The portion of the mounted member in contact with the shaft is the hub. Attachment of the hub to the shaftis made in variety of ways. A gear can be gripped (30) between a shoulder on the shaft and a spacer, with torque being transmitted through a key. The grooves in the shaft and hub into which the key fits are called keyways.16、 A) cement B) attached C) connected D) concrete17、 A) endure B) transmit C) serve D) connect18、 A) support B) meet C) satisfy D) strong19、 A) aims B) idler C) terminal D) tomb20、 A) due to B) weather C) whether D) for21、 A) elasticity B) torsional C) inertia D) acceleration22、 A) subjected B)…connect C) and D) From23、 A) deeply B) strength C) clearly understand D) long time24、 A) identify B) cross C) round D) lateral25、A) lucrative B) objectionable C) attractable D)terrible26、 A) Moment B)Torment C) Torsional D) Movement27、 A) high B) critical C) first D) important28、A) work B) idealization C) integral D)simplification29、 A) mounted onto B) refers C) referring to D) indicates30、 A) deformations B) bending limits C) laternal D) axially三、阅读理解（在每个⼩题四个备选答案中选出⼀个正确答案，填在题头的表中）（本⼤题共20⼩题，每⼩题2分，总计40分）Text 1Engineering design is a systematic process by which solution to the needs of humankind are obtained .The process is applied to problems(needs) of varying complexity .For example, mechanical engineers will use the design process to find an effective, efficient method to convert reciprocating motion to circular motion for the drive train in an intnternal combustion engine; electrical engineers will use the process to design electrical generating systems using falling water as the power source; and materials engineers use the process to design ablative materials which enable astrona uts to safely reenter the earth’s atmosphere.The vast majority of complex problems in today’s high technology society depend for solution not on a single engineering discipline, but on teams of engineers, scientists, environmentalists, economists, sociologists, and legal personnel. Solutions are not only dependent regulations and political influence. As engineers we are empowered with the technical expertise to develop new and improved products and systems, but at the same time we must be increasingly aware of the impact of our actions on society and the environment in general and work conscientiously toward the best solution in view of all relevant factors.Design is the culmination of engineering educational process; it is the salient feature that distinguishes engineering design is found in the curriculum guidelines of the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology(ABET).ABET accredits curricula in engineering schools and derives its membership from the various engineering professional societies. Each accredited curriculum has a well-defined design component which falls within the ABET statement on design订线read as follows.Engineering design is the process of devising a system, component, or process to meet desired needs. It is decision making process(often iterative),in which the basic sciences, mathematics, and engineering sciences are applied to convert resources optimally to meet a sated objectives and criteria, synthesis, analysis, construction ,testing, and evaluation. The engineering design component of a curriculum must include most of the following features : development of student creativity, use of open-ended problem statement and use of modern design theory and methodology, formulation of design problem statement and specification, consideration of alternative solutions, feasibility considerations, production process, concurrent engineering design, and detailed system descriptions. Further, it is essential to include a variety of realistic constraints such as economic factors, safety, reliability, aesthetics, ethics, and social impact.31、what’s the main meaning of message (1)A) Engineering design is a systematic process B) materials engineer’s main workC) mechanical engineer’s has good idea D) electrical engineer’ main duty32、In the author’s opinion, the design process is very complex and should taken into account manyfactors, from the message who should NOT join into the design team _______.A) environmentalists,B) sociologistsC) engineersD) Government officials33、From the message, we can know the meaning of words “ABET”(at line third paragraph) is _____.A) a set of accredits standardB) a kind of design methodC) a department of US government which responsible for engineering designD) A set of law34、It can be concluded from the passage that in the exercise and training of student, which characterof the following is NOT included in the curriculum ______.A) creativityB) new materialC) ethicsD) economic factors35、The title of the message is ______.A) the roles of engineers in manufacturingB) the importance of mechanical designC) engineering designD) The process of machine designTEXT 2Working drawings are the complete set of standardized drawings specifying the manufacture and assembly of a product based on its design. The complexity of the design determines the number and types of drawings. Working drawings may be on more than one sheet and may contain written instructions called specifications. Working drawings are blueprints used for manufacturing products. Therefore, the set of drawings must:(a) completely describe the parts, both visually and dimensionally;(b)show the parts in assembly;(3)identify all the parts; and (4)specify standard parts. The graphics and text information must be sufficiently complete and accurate to manufacture and assemble the product without error.共 5 页第 2 页(1) Detail drawings of each nonstandard parts.(2) An assembly or subassembly drawing showing all the standard and nonstandard parts in a single drawing.(3) A bill of materials (BOM).(4) A title block.A detail drawing is a dimensioned, multiview drawing of a single part, describingthe part’s shape, size, material, and surface roughness, in sufficient detail forthe part to be manufactured based on the drawing alone. Detail drawings are produced from design sketches or extracted from 3-D computer models. They adhere strictly to ANSI standards and the standard for the specific company, for dimensioning, assigning part numbers, notes, tolerances, etc.In an assembly, standard parts such as threaded fasteners and bearings are not drawn as details, but are shown in the assembly view. Standard parts are not drawn as details because they are normally purchased, not manufactured, for assembly.For large assemblies or assembled with large parts, details are drawn on multiple sheets, and a separate sheet is used for the assembly view. If the assembly is simple or the parts are small, detail drawings for each part of an assembly can be placedon a single sheet.Multiple details on a sheet are usually drawn at the same scale. If differentscales are used, they are clearly marked under each detail. Also, when more than one detail is placed on a sheet, the spacing between details is carefully planned, including leaving sufficient room for dimensions and notes.36. Based on the message, which of the follow is wrongA) standard parts needn’t drawn as detailsB) for simple parts, sometimes needn’t to draw the detail working drawingC) for large assemblies details may drawn on multiple sheetsD) If different scales used in a single sheet, they should clearly marked undereach detail37. Working drawings for an assembly MAY NOT includes:A) BOM B) title blockC) An assembly or subassembly drawing D) Detail drawings of all parts.38. For detail drawing, Which one of the following statement is not trueA) should not has different scalesB) Detail drawing can produced from design sketches or extracted from 3-D computer models.C) detail drawing is a dimensioned, multiview drawing of a single partD) should Adhere strictly to ANSI standards39. From the message we can infer ANSI isA) a set of law B) a set of notificationC) an Organization D) IEEE government40. The topic of the message isA) How to design working drawings.B) working drawing’s character and the key influence of how to draw a workingdrawingC) In the design process, what should be consideredD) What is working drawingTEXT 3One principle aim of kinematics is to create (design) the desired motions of the subjects’ mechanical parts and then mathematically compute the positions, velocities, and accelerations, which those will create on the parts. Since, for most earthbound mechanical systems, the mass remains essentially constant with time, defining the accelerations as a function of time then also defines the dynamic forces as a function of time. Stresses, in turn, will be a function of both applied and inertial (ma) forces. Since engineering design is charged with creating systems which will not fail during their expected service life, the goal is to keep stresses within acceptable limits for the materials chosen and the environmental conditions encountered. This obviously requires that all system forces be defined and kept within desired limits. In machinery, the largest forces encountered are often those due to the dynamics of the machine itself. These dynamic forces are proportional to acceleration, which brings us back to kinematics, the foundation of mechanical design. Very basic and early decision in the design process involving kinematic principles can be crucial to the success of any mechanical design; a design which has poor kinematics will prove troublesome and perform badly.Any mechanical system can be classified according to the number of degree of freedom (DOF) which it processes. The system’s DOF is equal to the number of independent parameters which are needed to uniquely define its position in space at any instant of time.A rigid body free to move within a reference frame will, in the general case, has complex motion, which is a simultaneous combination of rotation and translation. In three-dimensional space, there may be rotation about any axis and also simultaneous translation which can be resolved into components along three axes. In a plane, or two-dimensional space, complex motion becomes a combination of simultaneous rotation about one axis (perpendicular to the plane) and also translation resolved into components along two axes in the plane41、Kinematics research focus on the following EXCEPT ______..A) accelerations B) forceC) positions, D) velocities42、From the passage that for the design engineer the first and most important is____A) the service life of a machine B) the materials chooseC) the degree of freedom D) kinematic principles43、An mechanical system has uniquely defined position in space at any instant of time that ___.A) It should has one DOFB) It should Has two DOFC) the DOF and the number of independent parameters should equalD) It should has any DOF as want44、 which one of the following is NOT TRUE _______.A) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space may rotation about any axisB) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space is a simultaneous combinationof rotation and translationC) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space can be resolved into componentsalong three axesD) A rigid body free to move in three-dimensional space may has complex motion45、The best title for this passage would be _______.A) kinematics B) dynamicsC) kinematics and dynamic D) the important of kinematics共 5 页第 3 页1．将下列英语句⼦译成汉语（共5⼩题，每⼩题2分）（1）A perfectly rigid or inextensible link can exist only as a textbook type of model of a real machine member.（2）Foundations should ensure the machine’s stiffness; shock absorption and isolation are secondary considerations. (3)Thus, if a mechanical component such as a spring is subjected to repetitive or cyclical applications of stress levels much lower than the ultimate strength, it will fracture after a large number of repetitions of this stress.（4）Interchangeability means that identical parts must be interchangeable, ., able to replace each other, whether during assembly or subsequent maintenance work; without the need for any fitting operations.（5）A gear can be gripped axially between a shoulder on the shaft and a spacer, with torque being transmitted through a key.2、将下段英语翻译成汉语（10分）As we look around us we see a world full of “things”, machines, devices, tools, things that we have designed, built, and used; things made of wood, metals, ceramics, and plastics. We know from experience that some things are better than others; they last longer, cost less, are quieter, or are ease to use. Ideally , however, every such item has been designed according to some set of “functional requirements” as perceived by the designers—that is, it hs been designed so as to answer the question, “exactly what function should it perform” In the world of engineering, the major function frequently is to support some type of loading due to weight, inertia , pressure, etc.五、英译汉（共20分）1、将下列句⼦译成英语（共5⼩题，每⼩题2分）（1）⼀个或多个诸如齿轮，链轮，⽪带轮和凸轮等类的构件通常借助于销、键、花键、卡环或其它装置连接到轴上。
机械工程英语试题及答案
机械工程英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. What is the function of a bearing in a mechanical system?A. To support the shaftB. To reduce frictionC. Both A and BD. None of the above2. The term "machinability" refers to:A. The ease with which a material can be machinedB. The hardness of the materialC. The cost of machining a materialD. The strength of the material3. Which of the following is NOT a type of gear?A. Spur gearB. Bevel gearC. Worm gearD. Cam gear4. The process of converting electrical energy into mechanical energy is known as:A. ElectromagnetismB. Electromechanical conversionC. Electromagnetic inductionD. Electrostatics5. What is the primary purpose of a flywheel in an engine?A. To store energyB. To increase fuel efficiencyC. To reduce vibrationsD. To increase horsepower6. The SI unit for pressure is:A. NewtonB. PascalC. JouleD. Watt7. In a hydraulic system, what does the term "pump" refer to?A. A device that generates hydraulic pressureB. A device that reduces hydraulic pressureC. A device that converts hydraulic pressure to mechanical forceD. A device that regulates hydraulic flow8. What is the main advantage of using a belt drive in a mechanical system?A. High efficiencyB. Low maintenanceC. High precisionD. Compact size9. The term "thermal expansion" refers to the:A. Increase in volume of a material when heatedB. Decrease in volume of a material when cooledC. Change in shape of a material due to heatD. Change in color of a material due to heat10. Which of the following is a measure of the hardness of a material?A. Tensile strengthB. Yield strengthC. Modulus of elasticityD. Brinell hardness二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）11. The _______ is the process of removing material from a workpiece to achieve the desired shape and size.(答案：Machining)12. In a four-stroke internal combustion engine, the _______ stroke converts the chemical energy of the fuel into mechanical energy.(答案：Power)13. The _______ is the study of the behavior of materials under load.(答案：Mechanics of materials)14. A _______ is a mechanical device that converts the linear motion of a piston into the rotational motion of a crankshaft. (答案：Crank)15. The _______ is the ratio of the output power to the input power of a machine.(答案：Efficiency)16. _______ is the process of joining two or more metal parts by heating them to their melting point and fusing themtogether.(答案：Welding)17. The _______ is a type of gear that has teeth cut diagonally rather than parallel to the axis of the gear.(答案：Hypoid gear)18. _______ is the process of cutting a workpiece by feeding it against a rotating abrasive disk.(答案：Grinding)19. The _______ is the study of the deformation and flow of materials under various forces.(答案：Rheology)20. _______ is the process of shaping a workpiece by pressing it between a punch and a die.(答案：Forging)三、简答题（每题5分，共30分）21. Explain the difference between static and dynamic friction.(答案：Static friction is the frictional force that must be overcome to start moving an object, while dynamic friction is the frictional force that opposes the motion of an object that is already in motion.)22. Describe the function of a clutch in a vehicle.(答案：A clutch is a device that engages and disengages power transmission from the engine to the transmission, allowing the driver to change gears smoothly.)23. What is the purpose of a heat exchanger in a mechanical system?(答案：A heat exchanger is used to transfer heat from one medium to another, typically to cool a system or to preheat a fluid before it enters the system.)24. Explain the concept of stress and strain in materials.(答案：Stress is the internal resistance of a material to deformation when subjected to an external force, while strain is the measure of the deformation of the material under stress.)四、计算题（。
机械英语试题及答案解析
机械英语试题及答案解析1. 机械设计中，"bearing"指的是什么？A. 轴承B. 齿轮C. 轴D. 联轴器答案：A解析：在机械英语中，"bearing"指的是轴承，它是一种允许相对运动的机械元件，用于减少运动过程中的摩擦，并支撑机械旋转体，以保持其正确的位置。
2. 什么是"mechanical advantage"？A. 机械效率B. 机械优势C. 机械功率D. 机械能答案：B解析："Mechanical advantage"指的是机械优势，它是一个描述机械装置能够放大输入力的倍数的术语。
机械优势越高，所需的输入力就越小，从而可以更轻松地移动或举起重物。
3. "Gears"在机械英语中是什么意思？A. 齿轮B. 链条C. 皮带D. 滑轮答案：A解析："Gears"在机械英语中指的是齿轮，它们是轮状的机械零件，边缘有齿，可以相互啮合以传递运动和动力。
齿轮在各种机械系统中用于改变速度和扭矩。
4. "Torque"在机械中代表什么？A. 扭矩B. 压力C. 拉力D. 重力答案：A解析："Torque"在机械中代表扭矩，它是衡量旋转力的量度，表示为力与力臂（力的作用点到旋转轴的距离）的乘积。
扭矩是使物体绕轴旋转的力。
5. "Hydraulic system"是什么类型的系统？A. 电气系统B. 液压系统C. 气动系统D. 热力系统答案：B解析："Hydraulic system"指的是液压系统，它是一种利用流体（通常是油）的压力来传递能量的系统。
液压系统广泛应用于各种工业机械中，用于执行精确的线性或旋转运动。
6. "Pneumatic system"与"hydraulic system"的主要区别是什么？A. 一个使用气体，一个使用液体B. 一个用于提升重物，一个用于快速移动C. 一个用于精确控制，一个用于大范围运动D. 一个用于高温环境，一个用于低温环境答案：A解析："Pneumatic system"指的是气动系统，它使用压缩空气作为动力源来驱动各种机械装置。
机械专业英语答案
.1. The roles of RPCommuciation, design verification, design optimization, functional testing,RP technique can also be used to make tooling(rapid tooling)and even production-quality parts(rapid manufacturing)2.Examples of manufacturing applications of laser processing and the benefits bylaser processing in each kind of applications.✧Example:Laser processing can be used for surface treating,cutting,drilling,welding,polishing,carving,etc.of most materiial✧Benefit :increased productivityReduce manufacturing costsImprove product qualityIncreased design and production flexbilityNew manufacturing opportunities3.What’s the historical development of CAD?(1)2D Drawing and 3D Wireframe modeling in 1960s(2)Surface modeling in 1970s;(3)Solid modeling in 1980s;(4)Parameterized and variable modeling in 1990s4. Please give the phases that product design process is divided into.Demand Analysis→Conceptual Design→Detail Design→Production Planning5 1).Geometry 2).Material 3). Loading conditions 4). ConstraintsMSC Nastran is the widely used in FEA currently .6 NC Application Characteristics1 Small to medium batch size:simple fixturingshort setup timeprogrammability/flexibility2 Complex part geometry: too difficult for manual methods3 High quality and close tolerances4 Many operations: fewer setups are required5 Much metal to remove6 Large workparts: fewer setups required7.Today flexibility means to produce reasonably priced customized products of high quality that can be quickly delivered to customers.8①Transfer LineMachines dedicated to handle one or two product typesMaximum utilization and high production ratesDirect labor involvement is minimalLow unit cost of production②CNC MachinesHigh level of flexibility.Any job can be processed within the range of CNC machinery Low utilization and low production rateUnit cost is much higher③FMSTrue mid-volume mid-variety manufacturing systems•Consists:–Series of flexible machineries–Automated material handling systems–Automated tool changer–Coordinate measuring machines–Part washers•All the equipments are controlled by a centralcontrollerPermits both sequential and random routing of a wide varietyof partsTo settle tradeoffs between production rats and flexibility.Most manufacturing situations require medium production rates to produce medium volumes with enough flexibility to quicklyreconfigure for change of product.9 Water Jet Machining （WJM）Abrasive Water Jet Machining （AWJM）Ultrasonic Machining （USM）Abrasive jet machining ( AJM) Electrochemical Machining （ECM）.AFM : Abrasive Flow Machining10 What are the popular methods of solid modeling?①Constructive solid geometry (CSG)②Sweep representation(2) can not representation。
机械专业英语试题含答案
2010-2011第二学期专业英语试卷A答案l.Translate the following Chinese terms into English ( one point for each,20 points for all)1）汽车与工程机械automobile and construction machinery2）筑路机械road-making machine3）发电机generator4）起动马达self starter5）方向盘steering wheel6）进气门inlet valve7）齿轮泵gear pump8）机油滤清器oil filter9）差速器differential10）摩擦式离合器friction clutch11）蓄电瓶storage battery12）铲土运输机scraper13）塔式起重机tower crane14）叉车fork lift15）商业车辆commercial vehicle16）变速箱transmission box (gear box)17）带式输送机belt conveyer18）步履式挖掘机walking excavator19）颚式砸机jaw crusher20）履带和轮胎track and tire2.Translate the following English terms into Chinese (one point foreach, total 20 points)1)gasoline and diesel2)flywheel and cam3)disk brake4)mechanical vibration5)power steering6)vibratory roller7)hydraulic torque converter8)piston ring9)suspension system10)cab and chassis11)radiator12)fuel-injection system13)air compressor14)lubrication and lubricant汽油和柴油飞轮和凸轮盘式制动器机械振动动力转向振动式压路机液力变矩器活塞环悬挂系统驾驶室与底盘散热器燃油喷射系统空气压缩机润滑与润滑剂15)fine-mesh oil filter 机油细滤器16)pile driver 打桩机17)hydraulic excavator 液压挖掘机18)concrete paver 混凝土摊铺机19)truck mixer 搅拌车20)ignition system 点火系统3.Answer the following questions briefly(5 points for each, 20 pointsfor all)1)Which are included in an internal combustion engineTwo mechanisms：piston connecting rod mechanism and valve timing mechanismFive systems ：fuel feed system，lubrication system，cooling system，starting system，and ignition system (only for petrol engine).2)What are included in a working member of a hydrauli excavator？Boom，arm，bucket and cylinder of the boom，cylinder of the arm，cylinder of the bucket.3)What is the function of a differential ?The differentials is a gear assembly in a motor vehicle which allows the propeller shaft or drive shaft to turn the drive wheels at different speed when the vehicle is going around a curve.4)What is the difference between a bulldozer and an angledozer?A bulldozer is mounted with a blade perpendicular to the direction of travel. And an angle dozeris mounted with a blade set an angle with the direction of travel. The former pushes the earth forward, while the latter pushes the earth forward and to one side, some blades may be adjusted their use to bulldozer or angledozer.4.Translate the following sentences into Chinese. (40 points)A.Part One (5 points for each , 20 points for all)第一部分1)真正最早上市的内燃机是名叫尼古拉斯•奥格斯特•奥托的德国人发明的。
机械专业英语试题及答案
机械专业英语试题及答案一、词汇题（每题1分，共10分）1. The process of changing a solid object into a liquid by heating is called ________.A. meltingB. evaporationC. condensationD. solidification答案：A2. A device that converts thermal energy into mechanical energy is known as a ________.A. engineB. generatorC. turbineD. pump答案：A3. The study of the forces and motion of objects is called ________.A. physicsB. mechanicsC. thermodynamicsD. fluid dynamics答案：B4. A machine that uses a rotating wheel to lift water is called a ________.A. pumpB. wheelC. turbineD. lever答案：A5. The process of removing heat from a substance is called ________.A. heatingB. coolingC. insulationD. refrigeration答案：D6. The science of measuring the properties of materials is called ________.A. metrologyB. material scienceC. thermodynamicsD. mechanics答案：A7. A machine that uses a pivot point to multiply force is called a ________.A. leverB. pulleyC. wheel and axleD. inclined plane答案：A8. The process of making a solid object by heating a liquidis called ________.A. meltingB. evaporationC. condensationD. solidification答案：D9. A machine that uses a belt and pulley system to transmit motion is called a ________.A. leverB. pulleyC. wheel and axleD. inclined plane答案：B10. The study of the behavior of materials under stress is called ________.A. mechanicsB. material scienceC. thermodynamicsD. fluid dynamics答案：B二、阅读理解（每题2分，共20分）阅读以下段落，并回答问题。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
2010-2011第二学期专业英语试卷A答案1.Translate the following Chinese terms into English ( one point foreach,20 points for all)1) 汽车与工程机械automobile and construction machinery2) 筑路机械road-making machine3) 发电机generator4) 起动马达self starter5) 方向盘steering wheel6) 进气门inlet valve7) 齿轮泵gear pump8) 机油滤清器oil filter9) 差速器differential10) 摩擦式离合器friction clutch11) 蓄电瓶storage battery12) 铲土运输机scraper13) 塔式起重机tower crane14) 叉车fork lift15) 商业车辆commercial vehicle16) 变速箱transmission box (gear box)17) 带式输送机belt conveyer18) 步履式挖掘机walking excavator19) 颚式砸机jaw crusher20) 履带和轮胎track and tire2.Translate the following English terms into Chinese (one point foreach, total 20 points)1) gasoline and diesel 汽油和柴油2) flywheel and cam 飞轮和凸轮3) disk brake 盘式制动器4) mechanical vibration 机械振动5) power steering 动力转向6) vibratory roller 振动式压路机7) hydraulic torque converter 液力变矩器8) piston ring 活塞环9) suspension system 悬挂系统10) cab and chassis 驾驶室与底盘11) radiator 散热器12) fuel-injection system 燃油喷射系统13) air compressor 空气压缩机14) lubrication and lubricant 润滑与润滑剂15) fine-mesh oil filter 机油细滤器16) pile driver 打桩机17) hydraulic excavator 液压挖掘机18) concrete paver 混凝土摊铺机19) truck mixer 搅拌车20) ignition system 点火系统3．Answer the following questions briefly(5 points for each, 20 points for all)1）Which are included in an internal combustion engine？Two mechanisms：piston connecting rod mechanism and valve timing mechanismFive systems：fuel feed system，lubrication system，cooling system，starting system，and ignition system（only for petrol engine）.2）What are included in a working member of a hydrauli excavator？Boom，arm，bucket and cylinder of the boom，cylinder of the arm，cylinder of the bucket.3) What is the function of a differential ?The differentials is a gear assembly in a motor vehicle which allows the propeller shaft or drive shaft to turn the drive wheels at different speed when the vehicle is going around a curve.4) What is the difference between a bulldozer and an angledozer?A bulldozer is mounted with a blade perpendicular to the direction of travel. And an angledozer is mounted with a blade set an angle with the direction of travel. The former pushes the earth forward, while the latter pushes the earth forward and to one side, some blades may be adjusted their use to bulldozer or angledozer.4. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. (40 points)A. Part One (5 points for each , 20 points for all)第一部分1) 真正最早上市的内燃机是名叫尼古拉斯·奥格斯特·奥托的德国人发明的。
该装置是一个四冲程的发动机，汽缸体中每个油缸每次燃烧时，使用汽化器中的汽化的汽油和混合的空气。
在该内燃机循环的进气冲程中，燃烧的混合物吸入气缸；在压缩冲程中，混合物被压缩，再由火花塞点燃；作功冲程中，混合物燃烧完成；排气冲程中，燃烧后的混合物被排出所缸。
2) 离合器是一种快速容易连接或分开一旋转轴和另一同轴的旋转轴的装置。
离合器允许这两个构件，通常是驱动轴通过操作连接或脱开。
尽管它用在机动车上，但是，离合器有多种可用的类型，电磁式，干摩擦盘式，多种油浸盘式，离心式和叶片式。
在机动车中离合器的功能是在换挡时，将发动机的动力与车轮分开，然后，允许发动机平稳提速，特别重要的是在起动时。
3). 我们将起重机定义为一种能够举升重物，并将其水平移动的机器。
换句话说，起重机能够举升重物并能在水平面上将其移到不同的位置。
不象升降机，只是一个举升装置，我们可将起重机分为两大类：它们是臂式起重机和行车式起重机（行车）。
臂式起重机有一个臂，通过该臂重物被悬吊，该臂允许重物在吊臂的半径范围之内上升、下降，并放在任何位置、吊臂在垂直平面内的运动称为变幅，在水平面内的运动称为回转。
4）单斗装载机是通用的机器，适用于各种条件下的操作。
装载机有履带式或轮胎式的牵引设备作为行走装置。
装载机通过更换工作装置，主要是铲斗，可实现装载施工，安装施工的机械化。
可用的装载装置有三种变换方式：前卸式、翻转式、半回转式和臂架式。
前卸式工作装置可在材料装载的一侧卸料，臂架式工作装置也可一侧卸料。
翻转式的工作装置可实现向后卸料。
B. Part Two (20 points )第二部分压路机是压实机械类工程车辆，用于压实道路和基础施工中的土壤、砾石、混凝土或者沥青。
压路机通过滚轮对被压实材料表面施加的作用力来完成压实，它适用于各种道路施工，机场，水坝，港口以及工业施工。
压路机有不同的类型：拖式，自行式和手扶式；有光轮式，凸块式和橡胶轮胎式；并且可以进一步分为静作用式和振动式。
振动压路机对材料有两种压实作用力—自身重力和动态冲击力。
来自于压路机自身重力的压实力是由钢轮和机架重量产生的。
来自动态作用的压实力是由位于钢轮内的偏心块旋转产生。
压路机对材料表面提供快速连续地冲击，从而影响了上层以及深层材料。
振动在材料中传递，使材料颗粒产生运动，并使它们靠近以达到尽可能高的密实度。
发展的趋势就是振动压路机。
振动压路机有多种配置。
单钢轮振动压路机的特点是单个钢轮振动，轮胎驱动。
钢轮可以是用于底基层或填石压实的光轮，或者是用于土壤压实的凸块式钢轮。
双钢轮振动压路机是串联式压路机，主要用于沥青路面的压实，还可用于大规模基层、底基层和路堤填方的压实。
手扶式振动压路机适于粒状土和沥青的薄层压实，该压路机主要用于小型作业、维护以及狭窄区域的压实。
2010-2011第二学期专业英语试卷B答案1. Translate the following English terms into Chinese (one point foreach，20 points for all)1) automobile and construction machinery 汽车与工程机械2) road-making machine 筑路机械3) generator 发电机4) self starter 起动马达5) steering wheel 方向盘6) inlet valve 进气门7) gear pump 齿轮泵8) oil filter 机油滤清器9) differential 差速器10) friction brake 摩擦式制动器11) storage battery 蓄电瓶12) scraper 铲土运输机13) tower crane 塔式起重机14) fork lift truck 叉车15) engineering vehicle 工程车辆16) transmission box 变速箱17) conveyer 输送机18) ripper 松土器19) milling machine 铣刨机20) bucket 铲斗2.Translate the following Chinese terms into English (one point foreach, total 20 points)1) 汽油和柴油gasoline and diesel2) 飞轮flywheel3) 制动器brake4) 机械振动mechanical vibration5) 动力转向power steering6) 振动式压路机vibratory roller7) 液力变矩器hydraulic torque converter8) 拖拉机tractor9) 悬挂系统suspension system10) 驾驶室与底盘cab and chassis11) 行星齿轮系planetary gear train12) 燃油喷射系统fuel-injection system13) 空气压缩机air compressor14) 润滑与润滑剂lubrication and lubricant15) 打桩机pile driving equipment16) 液压挖掘机hydraulic excavator17) 混凝土摊铺机concrete paver18) 搅拌车truck mixer19) 铣刨机milling machine20) 铲斗bucket3．Answer the following questions briefly(5 points for each, 20 points for all)1) What is the difference between a petrol engine and a diesel engine?The difference is that in the former an explosive mixture of air and gas is made externally to the engine cylinder, compressed and ignored by an electric spark.2）What are the function and types of clutches？A clutch is a device for quickly and easily connecting and disconnecting a rotatable shaft and a rotating coaxial shaft，which allows two components，usually drive shaft to be engaged or disengaged by its operation.Electromagnetic, dry friction plate, multi-oil immersed plate, centrifugal and vane are just some of the various types of clutch avaible. The job of the clutch is to disconnect the engine from the road wheels while changing gear and then to allow the engine to pick speed smoothly, which is especially important on starting.3) What are the definitions of a crane and a hoist?A crane can lift loads and move them to a different position in the horizontal plane, unlikea hoist which is only a lifting device.4) What are all types of conveyers?They are belt conveyer, chain conveyer, screw conveyer, vibrating conveyer.4. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. (40 points)A. Part One (5 points for each , 20 points for all)第一部分1）发动机是独立的动力装置，并将燃料的热能转换成机械能，用以推动车辆前进。