英语音标学习入门

音标入门讲解一、元音（一）单元音（1）前元音：[ i: ] [ i ] [ e ] [ æ ][ i: ]发音组合: e ee ea ie ei代表单词: m e h e w e e venb ee f ee l br ee ze d ee p fr ees ea t b ea t l ea d t ea ea t r ea songr ie f bel ie ve ach ie verec ei ve conc ei ve音标对比: [ i: ] [ i ]s ea t s i tb ea t b i tsh ee p sh i p[ e ]发音组合: e ea a代表单词：p e n t e n b e st b e g e gg n e tbr ea d h ea venm a rry a ny m a ny音标对比：[ i ] [ e ]s i t s e tl i ft l e ftd i d d ea d（2）中元音：[ə:] [ə][ə: ]发音组合：or ir er ur ear代表单词：w or k w or ker w or mb ir d d ir t aff ir mt er mb ur n s ur fp ear l l ear n [ i ]发音组合: i代表单词: s i t b i t k i ck p i ckw i sh[æ]发音组合: a代表单词: c a p m a p b a d m a d b a nk th a nk l a mp音标对比: [e] [æ]b e g b a gm e t m a tb e d b a d[ə ]发音组合：a er or代表单词：a ppear a rise a gaina like a man a penteach er moth erbroth er driv er ang erdoct or act or tut orfam ou s jeal ou s（3）后元音: [a:] [ʌ] [u:] [u] [ɔ:] [ɔ][a:]发音组合：ar ear al代表单词：f ar d ar k h ar t f ar m g ar den b arh ear th al f音标对比：[a:] [ʌ]f a st f u nh ar t b u tc ard c u t[u:]发音组合：oo o ou u代表单词：f oo d f oo l b oo m c oo l p oo l sh oo t t o mb gr ou pbl ue cl ue r u le tr u th concl u de音标对比:[u:] [u]f oo t f oo db oo t b oo kc oo l c ou ld[ɔ:]发音组合：a oo aw ou ore au or ar 代表单词：t a lk b a ll h a ll c a lld oo r fl oo rl aw s awb ou ght f ou ght th ou ght t ou ghtbef ore ign orec au ght n au ghty n au ticalf or ce b or n s o rtw ar n [u]发音组合：oo u ou代表单词：f oo t g oo d c oo k t oo kp u ll f u ll b u llsh ou ld[ʌ]发音组合：u o代表单词：u p c u t b u t b u s l u ckb u tterm o nk o nion[ɔ]发音组合：o代表单词：o x o n n o t c o p r o th o t l o t音标对比：[ɔ:] [ɔ]s or t d o gt or t n o dsh or t sh o p（二）双元音（1）合口双元音为: [ei] [ai] [ɔɪ] [au] [əu] [ei]发音组合：ei a ai ay代表单词：ei ghtc a ke f a te sn a ke l a ke m a ke n a mep ai d m ai nd ay m ay[ai]发音组合：y i uy代表单词：cr y dr y m yk i te h i gh b i ke t i ght f i ne t i meb uy g uy[ɔɪ]发音组合：oy oi代表单词：t oy b oy l oy aln oi se v oi ce p oi nt s oi l c oi n[au]发音组合：ou ow代表单词：h ou se s ou nd ou t n ou nb ow t ow n n ow t ow er[əu]发音组合：o ow oa代表单词：h o st n o se t o ne h o le n o teb ow l kn ow l ow ow nb oa tc oa t 音标对比：[æ] [ei] [ e ]a t ei ghtb e db a t b a de s e tl a b l a te p e ns a nd s a me h e n音标对比：[ æ ] [ai]b a t b i teb a ck b i kel a mp l i nes a ck s i gn音标对比：[ɔɪ ] [ɔ]b oy b o sst oy t o psp oi l st o p音标对比：[au] [ai]n ow n i ghtc ow k i tes ou nd s i de音标对比：[au] [əu]h ow h o lel ou d l oa d（2）集中双元音为：[iə] [ɛə][uə][iə]发音组合：eer ear ere代表单词：b eer d eerh ear n ear f earh ere[ɛə]发音组合：air ear are ere代表单词：h air f air air ch airb ear sw eard are h areth ere[uə]发音组合：oor ure our代表单词：p oorl ure s ureto ur二、辅音（一）爆破音:[ p ] [ b ] [ t ] [ d ] [ k ] [ g ][ p ]发音组合：p代表单词：p ay p i p e p ut p ie p eachs p ort s p eed s p end[ t ]发音组合：t代表单词：t ea t eacher t eam t are t ank t ipi t mee t ca t fa t e t ent boa ts t udent s t and s t ick[ d ]发音组合：d代表单词：d o d i d d oes d eerd ate d ig d oomnee d be d climbe d [ b ]发音组合：b代表单词：b ird b ed b ag b ig b uy b akeb ill b ear b ook音标对比：[iə] [il]h ere h illf ear f eeld ear d eal音标对比：[ɛə] [aiə]h air h iref are f iresp are sp ire音标对比：[uə] [əu]p oo r p o sts ur e s o ldl ur e l oa d[ k ]发音组合：c k ck代表单词：c ake c ar c an c at c omek ite s k y k eeppic k bac k（二）摩擦音:[ f ] [ v ] [θ] [ð] [ʃ] [ʒ] [ s ] [ z ] [ h] [ r][ f ]发音组合：f ph代表单词：f ive f irst li f e f ine f at f ail f air f alltele ph one ph onetics ph oto[θ]发音组合：th代表单词：th ink tee th th ick th eme th ankbo th toot h tru th fif th mou th fai th音标对比：[θ][ð]th ick th isth eme th antee th th eydea th th ese[ʃ]发音组合：sh s ss ch代表单词：sh ip fi sh sh eet sh eep di shs ure en s urea ss urema ch ine [ʒ]发音组合：s代表单词：plea s ure u s ual lei s ure mea s ure[ð]发音组合：th代表单词：th is th at th ese th oseth en th an th ough [ v ]发音组合：v代表单词：v ote v i ne v at v ailv ery v aselea v e fi v e[ g ]发音组合：g代表单词：g eese g o g ap g etbi g ba g be g[ s ]发音组合：s c代表单词：s eem s et s eek s ay s eebook s den s e mou s e cup sfa c e i c e ra c e pri c e[ h ]发音组合：h wh (wh 在元音字母o前才发此音)代表单词：h ot h ome h ouse h orse h ate h ighwh ole wh o wh ose wh om（三）破擦音:[tʃ] [dʒ] [tr] [dr] [ts] [dz][ tʃ]发音组合：ch代表单词：ch eap ch ild ch est c h oke ch eck cat ch wat ch音标对比：[ t] [ʃ]ch eap sh ipch ose sh oescat ch ca sh[ tr ]发音组合：tr代表单词：tr ee tr eat tr ip tr ain tr am音标对比:[ tr ] [ dr ]tr ee dr eamtr y dr ytr eat dr eam[dʒ]发音组合：j g dg代表单词：j eep j oke j ew j uiceg in chan g ejo dg e ju dg e音标对比：[tʃ] [dʒ]ch arge ju dg ech oice j oinmat ch pa g e[ dr ]发音组合:dr代表单词:dr eam dr ag dr aw dr inkchil dr en[ z ]发音组合：z s代表单词：z oo pri z e z ealra is e knee s eye s[ ts ]发音组合：ts代表单词：si ts sea ts ma tes peasan ts paren ts音标对比：[ ts] [ dz ] [ z ] [ dz ] be ts be ds boy s boar dssea ts see ds glove s groun ds ne ts nee ds stare s stan ds（四）鼻辅音:[ m ] [ n ] [ ŋ ][ m ]发音组合：m代表单词：so m e co m e di m em other m ap m oon[ n ]发音组合：n代表单词：n oon n ose n ote n ot n o n othingmoo n soo n so n gu n thi n ru n di n e gai n（五）舌边音:[ l ]发音组合: l代表单词：清晰音[ l ] l et l ad l ate l aid l eap l ap 代表单词：含糊音[ l ] dea l te ll be l t sa l e tab l e（六）半元音: [ w ] [ j ][ w ]发音组合：w wh代表单词：w ait w est w ay w et w ill w ide wh eel wh at wh y wh en wh ere wh ile音标对比：[ w ] [ v ]w et v etw inter in v enturew orld v oicew omen v isit [ j ]发音组合：y代表单词：y ear y es y et y ard y oung y ou音标对比：[ i: ] [ j ]ea t y etea st y esea ger y ard[ŋ]发音组合：ng n代表单词：s ing so ng si ng er ki ng thi ngi n k si n k tha n k ta n k音标对比：[ m ] [ n ]ho m e sto n ethe m e thi nm ent n et[ dz ]发音组合：ds代表单词：nee ds see ds spen ds补充：元音字母a, e, i, o, u在重读音节中的一般读音规则：a e i ou重读开音节：[ ei ] [ i: ] [ ai ] [ əu ] [ju:] [u:] 重读闭音节：[ æ] [ e ] [ i ] [ ɔ ] [ ʌ ] [ u ]注意：除了符合读音规则的词以外，还有一些词是例外的，需要逐个记忆。