新视野 大学英语4 部分单元课文翻译
新视野大学英语(第四册)课后答案与课文翻译
5． made excellent observations on
6． counted on
7． for my part
8． make a fuss
《读写教程 IV》: Ex. V, p. 9
1． sanctions
2． Restrictions
3． fine
4． limits
《读写教程 IV》: Ex. XI, p. 12
1. 在一起呆了几天，她仍感到对这个客人很陌生，只得大部分时间让丈夫陪着他。
2. 加斯顿拉了拉妻子的衣袖，双手搂着她的腰，快乐地望着她那充满困惑的眼睛。
3. 他在她身旁的长凳上坐下，丝毫不曾想到她可能会反对他坐在那儿。
4. 他的话变成了一串毫无意义的动词、名词、副词和形容词，她陶醉在他的声音里。
5. 那晚，巴罗达太太很想把自己的一时荒唐告诉丈夫—也是她的朋友，但还是忍住了。
6. 他照例说了些诸如这个季节的夜风对身体不好之类的话。后来，望着茫茫夜色，他开始谈了起来。
7. “噢，”她笑着，在他唇上印了长长的温柔的一吻，“我一切都已经克服了！你会看到的，这次我会对他很好。”
8. 而现在他只求能生存，只是偶尔才能体验到一丝真正的生活的气息，就像此刻这样。
5. She had never known her thoughts to be so confused, unable to gather anything from them.
6. From Gouvernail’s talk, Mrs. Baroda came to know that his periods of silence were not his basic nature, but the result of moods.
新视野大学英语【第三版】读写教程第四册课文原文及翻译-新视野大学英语四翻译原文
Unit 1Text A Love and logic: The story of a fallacy爱情与逻辑：谬误的故事1 I had my first date with Polly after I made the trade with my roommate Rob. That year every guy on campus had a leather jacket, and Rob couldn't stand the idea of being the only football player who didn't, so he made a pact that he'd give me his girl in exchange for my jacket. He wasn't the brightest guy. Polly wasn't too shrewd, either.在我和室友罗伯的交易成功之后，我和波莉有了第一次约会。
那一年校园里每个人都有件皮夹克，而罗伯是校足球队员中唯一一个没有皮夹克的，他一想到这个就受不了，于是他和我达成了一项协议，用他的女友换取我的夹克。
他可不那么聪明，而他的女友波莉也不太精明。
2 But she was pretty, well-off, didn't dye her hair strange colors or wear too much makeup. She had the right background to be the girlfriend of a dogged, brilliant lawyer. If I could show the elite law firms I applied to that I had a radiant, well-spoken counterpart by my side, I just might edge past the competition.但她漂亮而且富有，也没有把头发染成奇怪的颜色或是化很浓的妆。
新视野大学英语第四册课文原文加翻译
1A An artist who seeks fame is like a dog chasing his own tail who, when he captures it, does not know what else to do but to continue chasing it.The cruelty of success is that it often leads those who seek such success to participate in their own destruction."Don't quit your day job!" is advice frequently given by understandably pessimistic family members and friends to a budding artist who is trying hard to succeed.The conquest of fame is difficult at best, and many end up emotionally if not financially bankrupt.Still, impure motives such as the desire for worshipping fans and praise from peers may spur the artist on.The lure of drowning in fame's imperial glory is not easily resisted.Those who gain fame most often gain it as a result of exploiting their talent for singing, dancing, painting, or writing, etc.They develop a style that agents market aggressively to hasten popularity, and their ride on the express elevator to the top is a blur.Most would be hard-pressed to tell you how they even got there.Artists cannot remain idle, though.When the performer, painter or writer becomes bored, their work begins to show a lack of continuity in its appeal and it becomes difficult to sustain the attention of the public.After their enthusiasm has dissolved, the public simply moves on to the next flavor of the month.Artists who do attempt to remain current by making even minute changes to their style of writing, dancing or singing, run a significant risk of losing the audience's favor.The public simply discounts styles other than those for which the artist has become famous.Famous authors' styles—a Tennessee Williams play or a plot by Ernest Hemingway or a poem by Robert Frost or T.S. Eliot—are easily recognizable.The same is true of painters like Monet, Renoir, or Dali and moviemakers like Hitchcock, Fellini, Spielberg, Chen Kaige or Zhang Yimou. Their distinct styles marked a significant change in form from others and gained them fame and fortune.However, they paid for it by giving up the freedom to express themselves with other styles or forms.Fame's spotlight can be hotter than a tropical jungle—a fraud is quickly exposed, and the pressure of so much attention is too much for most to endure.It takes you out of yourself: You must be what the public thinks you are, not what you really are or could be.The performer, like the politician, must often please his or her audiences by saying things he or she does not mean or fully believe.One drop of fame will likely contaminate the entire well of a man's soul, and so an artist who remains true to himself or herself is particularly amazing.You would be hard-pressed to underline many names of those who have not compromised and still succeeded in the fame game.An example, the famous Irish writer Oscar Wilde, known for his uncompromising behavior, both social and sexual, to which the public objected, paid heavily for remaining true to himself.The mother of a young man Oscar was intimate with accused him at a banquet in front of his friends and fans of sexually influencing her son. Extremely angered by her remarks, he sued the young man's mother, asserting that she had damaged his "good" name.He should have hired a better attorney, though.The judge did not second Wilde's call to have the woman pay for damaging his name, and instead fined Wilde.He ended up in jail after refusing to pay, and even worse, was permanently expelled from the wider circle of public favor.When things were at their worst, he found that no one was willing to risk his or her name in his defense.His price for remaining true to himself was to be left alone when he needed his fans the most.Curiously enough, it is those who fail that reap the greatest reward: freedom!They enjoy the freedom to express themselves in unique and original ways without fear of losing the support of fans.Failed artists may find comfort in knowing that many great artists never found fame until well after they had passed away or in knowing thatthey did not sell out.They may justify their failure by convincing themselves their genius is too sophisticated for contemporary audiences.Single-minded artists who continue their quest for fame even after failure might also like to know that failure has motivated some famous people to work even harder to succeed.Thomas Wolfe, the American novelist, had his first novel Look Homeward, Angel rejected 39 times before it was finally published. Beethoven overcame his father, who did not believe that he had any potential as a musician, to become the greatest musician in the world. And Pestalozzi, the famous Swiss educator in the 19th century, failed at every job he ever had until he came upon the idea of teaching children and developing the fundamental theories to produce a new form of education.Thomas Edison was thrown out of school in the fourth grade, because he seemed to his teacher to be quite dull.Unfortunately for most people, however, failure is the end of their struggle, not the beginning.I say to those who desperately seek fame and fortune: good luck.But alas, you may find that it was not what you wanted.The dog who catches his tail discovers that it is only a tail.The person who achieves success often discovers that it does more harm than good.So instead of trying so hard to achieve success, try to be happy with who you are and what you do.Try to do work that you can be proud of.Maybe you won't be famous in your own lifetime, but you may create better art.1B One summer day my father sent me to buy some wire and fencing to put around our barn to pen up the bull.At 16, I liked nothing better than getting behind the wheel of our truck and driving into town on the old mill road.Water from the mill's wheel sprayed in the sunshine making a rainbow over the canal and I often stopped there on my way to bathe and cool off for a spell—natural air conditioning.The sun was so hot, I did not need a towel as I was dry by the time I climbed the clay banks and crossed the road ditch to the truck.Just before town, the road shot along the sea where I would collect seashells or gather seaweed beneath the giant crane unloading the ships. This trip was different, though.My father had told me I'd have to ask for credit at the store.It was 1976, and the ugly shadow of racism was still a fact of life.I'd seen my friends ask for credit and then stand, head down, while a storeowner enquired into whether they were "good for it".Many store clerks watched black youths with the assumption that they were thieves every time they even went into a grocery.My family was honest.We paid our debts.But just before harvest, all the money flowed out.There were no new deposits at the bank.Cash was short.At Davis Brothers' General Store, Buck Davis stood behind the register, talking to a middle-aged farmer.Buck was a tall, weathered man in a red hunting shirt and I nodded as I passed him on my way to the hardware section to get a container of nails, a coil of binding wire and fencing.I pulled my purchases up to the counter and placed the nails in the tray of the scale, saying carefully, "I need to put this on credit."My brow was moist with nervous sweat and I wiped it away with the back of my arm.The farmer gave me an amused, cynical look, but Buck's face didn't change."Sure," he said easily, reaching for his booklet where he kept records for credit.I gave a sigh of relief."Your daddy is always good for it."He turned to the farmer."This here is one of James Williams' sons.They broke the mold when they made that man."The farmer nodded in a neighborly way.I was filled with pride."James Williams' son."Those three words had opened a door to an adult's respect and trust.As I heaved the heavy freight into the bed of the truck, I did so with ease, feeling like a stronger man than the one that left the farm that morning.I had discovered that a good name could furnish a capital of good will of great value.Everyone knew what to expect from a Williams: a decent person who kept his word and respected himself too much to do wrong.My great grandfather may have been sold as a slave at auction, but this was not an excuse to do wrong to others.Instead my father believed the only way to honor him was through hard work and respect for all men.We children—eight brothers and two sisters—could enjoy our good name, unearned, unless and until we did something to lose it.We had an interest in how one another behaved and our own actions as well, lest we destroy the name my father had created.Our good name was and still is the glue that holds our family tight together.The desire to honor my father's good name spurred me to become the first in our family to go to university.I worked my way through college as a porter at a four-star hotel. Eventually, that good name provided the initiative to start my own successful public relations firm in Washington, D.C.America needs to restore a sense of shame in its neighborhoods.Doing drugs, spending all your money at the liquor store, stealing, or getting a young woman pregnant with no intent to marry her should induce a deep sense of embarrassment.But it doesn't.Nearly one out of three births in America is to a single mother. Many of these children will grow up without the security and guidance they need to become honorable members of society.Once the social ties and mutual obligations of the family melt away, communities fall apart.While the population has increased only 40 percent since 1960, violent crime in America has increased a staggering 550 percent—and we've become exceedingly used to it. Teen drug use has also risen.In one North Carolina County, police arrested 73 students from 12 secondary schools for dealing drugs, some of them right in the classroom.Meanwhile, the small signs of civility and respect that hold up civilization are vanishing from schools, stores and streets.Phrases like "yes, ma'am", "no, sir", "thank you" and "please" get a yawn from kids today who are encouraged instead by cursing on television and in music.They simply shrug off the rewards of a good name.The good name passed on by my father and maintained to this day by my brothers and sisters and me is worth as much now as ever.Even today, when I stop into Buck Davis' shop or my hometown <49>barbershop</49> for a haircut, I am still greeted as James Williams' son.My family's good name did <50>pave</50> the way for me.2A He was born in a poor area of South London.He wore his mother's old red stockings cut down for ankle socks.His mother was temporarily declared mad.Dickens might have created Charlie Chaplin's childhood.But only Charlie Chaplin could have created the great comic character of "the Tramp", the little man in rags who gave his creator permanent fame.Other countries—France, Italy, Spain, even Japan—have provided more applause (and profit) where Chaplin is concerned than the land of his birth.Chaplin quit Britain for good in 1913 when he journeyed to America with a group of performers to do his comedy act on the stage, where talent scouts recruited him to work for Mack Sennett, the king of Hollywood comedy films.Sad to say, many English people in the 1920s and 1930s thought Chaplin's Tramp a bit, well, "crude".Certainly middle-class audiences did; the working-class audiences were more likely to clap for a character who revolted against authority, using his wicked little cane to trip it up, or aiming the heel of his boot for a well-placed kick at its broad rear.All the same, Chaplin's comic beggar didn't seem all that English or even working-class.English tramps didn't sport tiny moustaches, huge pants or tail coats: European leaders and Italian waiters wore things like that.Then again, the Tramp's quick eye for a pretty girl had a coarse way about it that was considered, well, not quite nice by English audiences—that's how foreigners behaved, wasn't it?But for over half of his screen career, Chaplin had no screen voice to confirm his British nationality.Indeed, it was a headache for Chaplin when he could no longer resist the talking movies and had to find "the right voice" for his Tramp.He postponed that day as long as possible: In Modern Times in 1936, the first film in which he was heard as a singing waiter, he made up a nonsense language which sounded like no known nationality.He later said he imagined the Tramp to be a college-educated gentleman who'd come down in the world.But if he'd been able to speak with an educated accent in those early short comedies, it's doubtful if he would have achieved world fame. And the English would have been sure to find it "odd". No one was certain whether Chaplin did it on purpose but this helped to bring about his huge success.He was an immensely talented man, determined to a degree unusual even in the ranks of Hollywood stars.His huge fame gave him the freedom—and, more importantly, the money—to be his own master.He already had the urge to explore and extend a talent he discovered in himself as he went along."It can't be me. Is that possible? How extraordinary," is how he greeted the first sight of himself as the Tramp on the screen.But that shock roused his imagination.Chaplin didn't have his jokes written into a script in advance; he was the kind of comic who used his physical senses to invent his art as he went along.Lifeless objects especially helped Chaplin make "contact" with himself as an artist.He turned them into other kinds of objects.Thus, a broken alarm clock in the movie The Pawnbroker became a "sick" patient undergoing surgery; boots were boiled in his film The Gold Rush and their soles eaten with salt and pepper like prime cuts of fish (the nails being removed like fish bones).This physical transformation, plus the skill with which he executed it again and again, is surely the secret of Chaplin's great comedy.He also had a deep need to be loved—and a corresponding fear of being betrayed.The two were hard to combine and sometimes—as in his early marriages—the collision between them resulted in disaster.Yet even this painfully-bought self-knowledge found its way into his comic creations.The Tramp never loses his faith in the flower girl who'll be waiting to walk into the sunset with him; while the other side of Chaplin makes Monsieur Verdoux, the French wife killer, into a symbol of hatred for women.It's a relief to know that life eventually gave Charlie Chaplin the stability and happiness it had earlier denied him.In Oona O'Neill Chaplin, he found a partner whose stability and affection spanned the 37 years age difference between them, which hadseemed so threatening, that when the official who was marrying them in 1942 turned to the beautiful girl of 17 who'd given notice of their wedding date, he said, "And where is the young man? "—Chaplin, then 54, had cautiously waited outside.As Oona herself was the child of a large family with its own problems, she was well prepared for the battle that Chaplin's life became as many unfounded rumors surrounded them both—and, later on, she was the center of calm in the quarrels that Chaplin sometimes sparked in his own large family of talented children.Chaplin died on Christmas Day 1977.A few months later, a couple of almost comic body thieves stole his body from the family burial chamber and held it for money.The police recovered it with more efficiency than Mack Sennett's clumsy Keystone Cops would have done, but one can't help feeling Chaplin would have regarded this strange incident as a fitting memorial—his way of having the last laugh on a world to which he had given so many. 2B Modest and soft-spoken, Agatha Muthoni Mbogo, 24, is hardly the image of a revolutionary.Yet, six months ago, she did a most revolutionary thing: She ran for mayor of Embu, Kenya, and won.Ms. Mbogo's victory was even more surprising because she was voted in by her colleagues on the District Council, all men.For the thousands of women in this farming area two hours northeast of Nairobi, Ms. Mbogo suddenly became a symbol of the increasingly powerful political force women have become in Kenya and across Africa.Ms. Mbogo launched her dream of a career in politics in 1992 by running for the Embu Council, facing the obstacles that often trouble African women running for political office.She had little money.She had no political experience.She faced ridiculous questions about her personal life."My opponent kept insisting that I was going to get married to somebody in another town and move away," Ms. Mbogo said.Ms. Mbogo also faced misunderstanding among the town's women, many of whom initially were unwilling to vote for her.She became an ambassador for women's political rights, giving speeches before women's groups and going from door to door, handbag in hand, spending hours at a time giving a combination of speech and government lesson."I was delighted when she won the election, because men elected her," said Lydiah Kimani, an Embu farmer and political activist."It was the answer to my prayers because it seemed to be a victory over this idea that 'women can't lead'."Education of African women has become a top priority for political activists.One organization has held dozens of workshops in rural Kenya to help women understand the nation's constitution and the procedures and theory behind a democratic political system.One veteran female political activist said that many women had not been taught the basics of political participation.They are taught to vote for the one who "gives you a half kilo sack of flour, 200 grams of salt, or a loaf of bread" during the campaign, said the activist.Women politicians and activists say they are fighting deeply-held cultural traditions.Those traditions teach that African women cook, clean, take care of children, sow and harvest crops and support their husbands.They typically do not inherit land, divorce their husband, control their finances or hold political office.Yet, political activity among Kenyan women is not a new phenomenon.During the struggle for independence in the 1950s, Kenyan women often secretly provided troops with weapons and spied on the positions of colonial forces.But after independence, leaders jealous to protect their power shut them out of politics, a situation repeated across the continent.Today, men still have the upper hand.Women in Kenya make up 60 percent of the people who vote, but only 3 percent of the National Assembly.No Kenyan woman has ever held a cabinet post.Against that background, Agatha Mbogo began her political career.After winning her council seat, she declined a spot on the education and social services committee after a colleague called it "a woman's committee".She instead joined the town planning committee, a much more visible assignment.Then last year, she decided to challenge Embu's mayor, a veteran politician.Ms. Mbogo said she had become frustrated because the donor groups that provide substantial aid to Kenya's rural areas "did not want to come here"."We weren't seeing things done for the community," she said."It was a scandal—the donors' money seemed to be going to individuals."After a fierce campaign, the council elected her, 7 to 6.She said women in Embu celebrated.Men were puzzled; some were hostile.They asked, "How could all of those men vote for a woman? " she recalled.Ms. Mbogo has not met with the kinds of abuse that other female politicians have been subjected to, however.Some have said their supporters are sometimes attacked with clubs after rallies.Last June, Kenyan police attempted to break up a women's political meeting northwest of Nairobi, insisting it was illegal and might start a riot.When the 100 women, including a member of the National Assembly, refused to go, officers tore down their banners and beat them with clubs and fists, witnesses reported.In contrast, Ms. Mbogo generally receives warm greetings from the men of Embu, and many say they are now glad the council chose her.Donor groups are now funding projects in Embu in earnest.A new market is going up downtown.A 200-bed section for new mothers is being added to the hospital.A dormitory-style home has been built for the dozens of homeless street children who once wandered the city.Ms. Mbogo is especially proud of the market and the hospital because "they have an impact on women".At the current market, where hundreds of people, shaded by umbrellas, lay out fruits and vegetables, one person who sells lemons said she liked the new mayor."I feel like if I have a problem, I can go to her office," she said."The other mayor shouted. He acted like an emperor. He did not want to hear my problems."Nearby, a man said he found Ms. Mbogo a refreshing change."I'm tired of men," he said, watching over his pile of onions."They give us so many promises, but they don't deliver the goods. As long as she keeps giving us what we want, she is all right."3A A welfare client is supposed to cheat. Everybody expects it.Faced with sharing a dinner of raw pet food with the cat, many people in wheelchairs I know bleed the system for a few extra dollars.They tell the government that they are getting two hundred dollars less than their real pension so they can get a little extra welfare money. Or, they tell the caseworker that the landlord raised the rent by a hundred dollars.I have opted to live a life of complete honesty.So instead, I go out and drum up some business and draw cartoons.I even tell welfare how much I make!Oh, I'm tempted to get paid under the table.But even if I yielded to that temptation, big magazines are not going to get involved in some sticky situation.They keep my records, and that information goes right into the government's computer.Very high-profile.As a welfare client I'm expected to bow before the caseworker.Deep down, caseworkers know that they are being made fools of by many of their clients, and they feel they are entitled to have clients bow to them as compensation. I'm not being bitter.Most caseworkers begin as college-educated liberals with high ideals.But after a few years in a system that practically requires people to lie, they become like the one I shall call "Suzanne", a detective in shorts.Not long after Christmas last year, Suzanne came to inspect my apartment and saw some new posters pasted on the wall."Where'd you get the money for those? " she wanted to know."Friends and family.""Well, you'd better have a receipt for it, by God. You have to report any donations or gifts."This was my cue to beg.Instead, I talked back."I got a cigarette from somebody on the street the other day. Do I have to report that? ""Well, I'm sorry, but I don't make the rules, Mr. Callahan."Suzanne tries to lecture me about repairs to my wheelchair, which is always breaking down because welfare won't spend money maintaining it properly."You know, Mr. Callahan, I've heard that you put a lot more miles on that wheelchair than average."Of course I do.I'm an active worker, not a vegetable.I live near downtown, so I can get around in a wheelchair.I wonder what she'd think if she suddenly broke her hip and had to crawl to work.Government cuts in welfare have resulted in hunger and suffering for a lot of people, not just me.But people with spinal cord injuries felt the cuts in a unique way: The government stopped taking care of our chairs.Each time mine broke down, lost a screw, needed a new roller bearing, the brake wouldn't work, etc., and I called Suzanne, I had to endure a little lecture.Finally, she'd say, "Well, if I can find time today, I'll call the medical worker."She was supposed to notify the medical worker, who would certify that there was a problem.Then the medical worker called the wheelchair repair companies to get the cheapest bid.Then the medical worker alerted the main welfare office at the state capital.They considered the matter for days while I lay in bed, unable to move.Finally, if I was lucky, they called back and approved the repair.When welfare learned I was making money on my cartoons, Suzanne started "visiting" every fortnight instead of every two months.She looked into every corner in search of unreported appliances, or maids, or a roast pig in the oven, or a new helicopter parked out back. She never found anything, but there was always a thick pile of forms to fill out at the end of each visit, accounting for every penny.There is no provision in the law for a gradual shift away from welfare.I am an independent businessman, slowly building up my market.It's impossible to jump off welfare and suddenly be making two thousand dollars a month. But I would love to be able to pay for some of my living and not have to go through an embarrassing situation every time I need a spare part for my wheelchair.There needs to be a lawyer who can act as a champion for the rights of welfare clients, because the system so easily lends itself to abuse by the welfare givers as well as by the clients.Welfare sent Suzanne to look around in my apartment the other day because the chemist said I was using a larger than usual amount of medical supplies.I was, indeed: The hole that has been surgically cut to drain urine had changed size and the connection to my urine bag was leaking.While she was taking notes, my phone rang and Suzanne answered it.The caller was a state senator, which scared Suzanne a little.Would I sit on the governor's committee and try to do something about the thousands of welfare clients who, like me, could earn part or all of their own livings if they were allowed to do so, one step at a time?Hell, yes, I would!Someday people like me will thrive under a new system that will encourage them, not seek to convict them of cheating.They will be free to develop their talents without guilt or fear—or just hold a good, steady job.3B It was late afternoon when the chairman of our Bangkok-based company gave me an assignment: I would leave the next day to accompany an important Chinese businessman to tourist sites in northern Thailand.Silently angry, I stared at my desk.The stacks of paper bore witness to a huge amount of work waiting to be done, even though I had been working seven days a week.How will I ever catch up? I wondered.After a one-hour flight the next morning, we spent the day visiting attractions along with hundreds of other tourists, most of them loaded with cameras and small gifts.I remember feeling annoyed at this dense collection of humanity.That evening my Chinese companion and I climbed into a chartered van to go to dinner and a show, one which I had attended many times before.While he chatted with other tourists, I exchanged polite conversation in the dark with a man seated in front of me, a Belgian who spoke fluent English.I wondered why he held his head motionless at an odd angle, as though he were in prayer.Then the truth struck me.He was blind.Behind me someone switched on a light, and I could see his thick silvery hair and strong, square jaw.His eyes seemed to contain a white mist."Could I please sit beside you at the dinner?" he asked."And I'd love it if you'd describe a little of what you see.""I'd be happy to," I replied.。
新视野大学英语第四册课文翻译
UNIT1名望之尾1艺术家追求成名，如同狗自逐其尾，一旦追到手，除了继续追逐，不知道还能做些什么。
乐成之暴虐正在于它往往让那些追逐乐成者自寻废弃。
2对待一名正努力追求并刚刚崭露头角的艺术家，其亲朋往往会建议“严格的饭碗不能丢！”他们的忧愁不无道理。
追求高人一等，最达观的说也疾苦重重，许多人到末了不是穷困坎坷，也是几近元气破产。
尽管如此，希望博得追星族追捧和同行赞许之类的不太简单的简单的念头却在激发着他们前进。
享用乐成的无上名誉，这种迷惑不是能随便抵拒的。
3成名者之所以成名，大多是由于发挥了自己在唱歌、舞蹈、绘画或写作方面的擅长，并能造成自己的气魄。
为了能迅速走红，经纪人会戮力吹捧他们的这种气魄。
他们扶摇直上的经过让人看不清楚。
他们究竟是怎样乐成的，大多半人也都说不下去。
尽管如此，艺术家依然不能闲上去。
若献技者，画家或作家感到厌恶，他们的作品就难以继续维系以前的吸收力，也就难以维系民众的注意力。
民众的感情消磨以来，就回去追捧下一个走红的人。
有些艺术家为了不落伍，会对他们的写作、跳舞或唱歌的气魄稍加蜕变，但这将冒极大的得宠的危险。
民众对待他们借以成名的艺术气魄以外的任何形式都将嗤之以鼻。
4知名作家的文风一眼就能看进去，如田纳西.威廉斯的笑剧、欧内斯特.海明威的情节安排、罗伯特弗罗斯特或T.S艾略特的诗歌等。
异样，像莫奈。
雷诺阿、达利这样的画家、希区柯克、费里尼、斯皮尔伯格、陈凯歌或张艺谋这样的电影制作人也是如此。
他们明显特殊的艺术气魄标志着与他人不同的艺术形式上的重大改良，这让他们名利双收，但也让他们付出了代价，那就是?失了用其他气魄或形式呈现自我的自在。
5名望这盏聚光灯可比寒带丛林还要炙热。
骗局很快会被透露，过多的关怀带来的压力会让大多半人难以蒙受。
它让你?失自我。
你必需是民众认可的那个你，而不是真实的你，或是可能的你。
艺人，就像政客一样，必需往往说些愿意或连自己都不完全自负的话来取悦听众。
6一滴名望之水有可能玷污人得心灵这一整口井于是乎，一个艺术家若能维系真我，会格外让人赞叹你可能答不下去哪些人没有调和，却仍在这场名利的游戏中获胜。
新视野大学英语读写教程4课文翻译(全部)
第四册unit1sectionA艺术家追求成名，如同狗自逐其尾，一旦追到手，除了继续追逐不知还能做些什么。
成功之残酷正在于它常常让那些追逐成功者自寻毁灭。
对一名正努力追求成功并刚刚崭露头角的艺术家，其亲朋常常会建议“正经的饭碗不能丢！”他们的担心不无道理。
追求出人头地，最乐观地说也困难重重，许多人到最后即使不是穷困潦倒，也是几近精神崩溃。
尽管如此，希望赢得追星族追捧和同行赞扬之类的不太纯洁的动机却在激励着他们向前。
享受成功的无上光荣，这种诱惑不是能轻易抵挡的。
成名者之所以成名，大多是因为发挥了自己在歌唱、舞蹈、绘画或写作等方面的特长，并能形成自己的风格。
为了能迅速走红，代理人会极力吹捧他们这种风格。
他们青云直上的过程让人看不清楚。
他们究竟是怎么成功的，大多数人也都说不上来。
尽管如此，艺术家仍然不能闲下来。
若表演者、画家或作家感到无聊，他们的作品就难以继续保持以前的吸引力，也就难以保持公众的注意力。
公众的热情消磨以后，就会去追捧下一个走红的人。
有些艺术家为了不落伍，会对他们的写作、跳舞或唱歌的风格稍加变动，但这将冒极大的失宠的危险。
公众对于他们藉以成名的艺术风格以外的任何形式都将不屑一顾。
知名作家的文风一眼就能看出来，如田纳西·威廉斯的戏剧、欧内斯特·海明威的情节安排、罗伯特·弗罗斯特或T.S.艾略特的诗歌等。
同样，像莫奈、雷诺阿、达利这样的画家，希区柯克、费里尼、斯皮尔伯格、陈凯歌或张艺谋这样的电影制作人也是如此。
他们鲜明独特的艺术风格标志着与别人不同的艺术式上的重大变革，这让他们名利双收，但也让他们付出了代价，那就是失去了用其他风格或形式表现自我的自由。
名气这盏聚光灯可比热带丛林还要炙热。
骗局很快会被揭穿，过多的关注带来的压力会让大多数人难以承受。
它让你失去自我。
你必须是公众认可的那个你，而不是真实的你或是可能的你。
艺人，就像政客一样，必须常常说些违心或连自己都不完全相信的话来取悦听众。
新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第三册UNIT4课文及翻译(A+B篇)
TEXT AThe surprising purpose of travel令人惊奇的旅行目的1 It's 4:15 in the morning, and my alarm clock has just stolen away a lovely dream. I almost return back to sleep before my eye catches my packed suitcase and I groan, remembering that I'm going to the airport. The taxi is late and then lost, and I'm getting increasingly nervous that I'll miss my flight. I run in when we arrive, stagger through security and finally get to my gate. After all the trouble of this morning, my flight is canceled and I'm stuck in this terminal for the next 218 minutes, and my only consolation is a cup of complimentary airport coffee. This is traveling, a burdensome series of running and waiting, and after countless hours, finally getting there.早晨四点一刻，闹钟把我从美梦中惊醒，要不是突然看见早已收拾好的行李箱，我几乎又要睡着。
想起来还要去机场，我叹了口气。
出租车来晚了，并且在途中迷了路，我越来越担心会赶不上飞机。
大学新视野英语4每一单元preview翻译
<The unit one>A person’s reputation is one of the most important things he possesses and it deserves protecting. The key to building a good name is to be consistent. You will not win the favor of the public or the people around you overnight. In fact, it will take many years of efforts before you establish your proper place in society. Once you have earned a good name, be careful to maintain it through civility, integrity and humility.翻译：一个人的声誉是他拥有的值得被保护的最重要的事情之一。
建立一个好名声的关键是一致的。
你不会赢得大众的青睐，你周围的人也不会一夜之间都喜欢你。
事实上，在你建立起你合适的社会地位之前，需要多年的努力。
一旦你赢得了一个好名声，你要小心地通过谦恭，正直和谦逊维护它。
<The unit two>To be successful, you must swim against a strong current of public opinion if you ever hope to have your efforts appreciated. Consider the comic genius of Charlie Chaplin, who was considered by the people of his own country to be crude and not at all representative of the English working class he aimed to please. He would have to go to the United States where he was recognized as the greatest comedian of all time. Or possibly wemight reflect on the efforts of the few female politicians in Africa where men dominate political life, whose success has inspired women around the world.翻译：如果你想成功，并希望有人欣赏你的努力，你必须迎刃有余地应对强大的社会舆论。
新视野大学英语4课文翻译及英译汉
Unit1 爱情与逻辑：谬误的故事1 在我和室友罗伯的交易成功之后，我和波莉有了第一次约会。
那一年校园里每个人都有件皮夹克，而罗伯是校足球队员中唯一一个没有皮夹克的，他一想到这个就受不了，于是他和我达成了一项协议，用他的女友换取我的夹克。
他可不那么聪明，而他的女友波莉也不太精明。
2 但她漂亮而且富有，也没有把头发染成奇怪的颜色或是化很浓的妆。
她拥有合适的家庭背景，足以胜任一名坚忍而睿智的律师的女友。
如果我能够让我所申请的顶尖律师事务所看到我身边伴随着一位光彩照人、谈吐优雅的另一半，我就很有可能在竞聘中以微弱优势获胜。
3 “光彩照人”，她已经是了。
而我也能施予她足够多的“智慧之珠”，让她变得“谈吐优雅”。
4 在一起外出度过了美好的一天之后，我驱车来到了高速公路旁一座小山上一棵古老的大橡树下。
我的想法有些怪异。
而这个地方能够俯瞰灯火灿烂的城区，我觉得它会使人的心情变轻松。
我们呆在车子里，我调低了音响并把脚从刹车上挪开。
“我们要谈些什么？”她问道。
5 “逻辑学。
”6 “好酷啊，”她一边嚼着口香糖一边说。
7 “逻辑学的原理，”我说道，“即清晰思考的主要原则。
逻辑上出现的问题会歪曲事实，其中有些还很普遍。
我们先来看看一种叫做‘绝对判断’的逻辑谬误。
”8 “好啊，”她表示同意。
9 “‘绝对判断’是指在证据不足的情况下所作出的推断。
比方说：运动是有益的，所以每个人都应该运动。
”10 她点头表示赞同。
11 我看得出她没弄明白。
“波莉，”我解释说，“这个推断太过简单化了。
如果你有心脏病或者超级肥胖症什么的，运动就变得有害而不是有益。
所以你应该说，运动对大多数人来说是有益的。
”12 “接下来是‘草率结论’。
这似乎不言自明，对吧？仔细听好了：你不会说法语，罗伯也不会说法语，那么这所学校里好像是没有人会说法语。
”13 “是吗？”波莉吃惊地说。
“没有人吗？”14 “这也是一种逻辑谬误，”我说，“这一结论太草率了，因为能够支持这一结论的例证太少了。
新视野大学英语第三版B4U4 TextA 课文中英对照版
unit4 TextAAchieving sustainable environmentalism实现可持续性发展的环保主义1 Environmental sensitivity is now as required an attitude in polite society as is, say, belief in democracy or disapproval of plastic surgery. But now that everyone from Ted Turner to George H. W. Bush has claimed love for Mother Earth, how are we to choose among the dozens of conflicting proposals, regulations and laws advanced by congressmen and constituents alike in the name of the environment? Clearly, not everything with an environmental claim is worth doing. How do we segregate the best options and consolidate our varying interests into a single, sound policy?在上流社会,对环境的敏感就如同信仰民主、反对整容一样,是一种不可或缺的态度。
然而,既然从泰德·特纳到乔治·W.H.布什,每个人都声称自己热爱地球母亲,那么,在由议员、选民之类的人以环境名义而提出的众多的相互矛盾的提案、规章和法规中,我们又该如何做出选择呢?显而易见,并不是每一项冠以环境保护名义的事情都值得去做。
我们怎样才能分离出最佳选择,并且把我们各自不同的兴趣统一在同一个合理的政策当中呢?2 There is a simple way. First, differentiate between environmental luxuries and environmental necessities. Luxuries are those things that would be nice to have if costless. Necessities are those things we must have regardless. Call this distinction the definitive rule of sane environmentalism, which stipulates that combating ecological change that directly threatens the health and safety of people is an environmental necessity. All else is luxury.有一种简便的方法。
新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第三册UNIT4课文及翻译(A+B篇)
TEXT AThe surprising purpose of travel令人惊奇的旅行目的1 It's 4:15 in the morning, and my alarm clock has just stolen away a lovely dream. I almost return back to sleep before my eye catches my packed suitcase and I groan, remembering that I'm going to the airport. The taxi is late and then lost, and I'm getting increasingly nervous that I'll miss my flight. I run in when we arrive, stagger through security and finally get to my gate. After all the trouble of this morning, my flight is canceled and I'm stuck in this terminal for the next 218 minutes, and my only consolation is a cup of complimentary airport coffee. This is traveling, a burdensome series of running and waiting, and after countless hours, finally getting there.早晨四点一刻，闹钟把我从美梦中惊醒，要不是突然看见早已收拾好的行李箱，我几乎又要睡着。
想起来还要去机场，我叹了口气。
出租车来晚了，并且在途中迷了路，我越来越担心会赶不上飞机。
新视野大学英语(第三版)读写教程第四册课文翻译
Unit1 爱情与逻辑：谬误的故事1 在我和室友罗伯的交易成功之后，我和波莉有了第一次约会。
那一年校园里每个人都有件皮夹克，而罗伯是校足球队员中唯一一个没有皮夹克的，他一想到这个就受不了，于是他和我达成了一项协议，用他的女友换取我的夹克。
他可不那么聪明，而他的女友波莉也不太精明。
2 但她漂亮而且富有，也没有把头发染成奇怪的颜色或是化很浓的妆。
她拥有合适的家庭背景，足以胜任一名坚忍而睿智的律师的女友。
如果我能够让我所申请的顶尖律师事务所看到我身边伴随着一位光彩照人、谈吐优雅的另一半，我就很有可能在竞聘中以微弱优势获胜。
3 “光彩照人”，她已经是了。
而我也能施予她足够多的“智慧之珠”，让她变得“谈吐优雅”。
4 在一起外出度过了美好的一天之后，我驱车来到了高速公路旁一座小山上一棵古老的大橡树下。
我的想法有些怪异。
而这个地方能够俯瞰灯火灿烂的城区，我觉得它会使人的心情变轻松。
我们呆在车子里，我调低了音响并把脚从刹车上挪开。
“我们要谈些什么？”她问道。
5 “逻辑学。
”6 “好酷啊，”她一边嚼着口香糖一边说。
7 “逻辑学的原理，”我说道，“即清晰思考的主要原则。
逻辑上出现的问题会歪曲事实，其中有些还很普遍。
我们先来看看一种叫做‘绝对判断’的逻辑谬误。
”8 “好啊，”她表示同意。
9 “‘绝对判断’是指在证据不足的情况下所作出的推断。
比方说：运动是有益的，所以每个人都应该运动。
”10 她点头表示赞同。
11 我看得出她没弄明白。
“波莉，”我解释说，“这个推断太过简单化了。
如果你有心脏病或者超级肥胖症什么的，运动就变得有害而不是有益。
所以你应该说，运动对大多数人来说是有益的。
”12 “接下来是‘草率结论’。
这似乎不言自明，对吧？仔细听好了：你不会说法语，罗伯也不会说法语，那么这所学校里好像是没有人会说法语。
”13 “是吗？”波莉吃惊地说。
“没有人吗？”14 “这也是一种逻辑谬误，”我说，“这一结论太草率了，因为能够支持这一结论的例证太少了。
新视野大学英语第三版读写教程第四册课文和翻译
unit 1 TextALove and logic: The story of a fallacy爱情与逻辑：谬误的故事1 I had my first date with Polly after I made the trade with my roommate Rob. That year everyguy on campus had a leather jacket, and Rob couldn't stand the idea of being the only football player who didn't, so he made a pact that he'd give me his girl in exchange for my jacket. He wasn't the brightest guy. Polly wasn't too shrewd, either.在我和室友罗伯的交易成功之后，我和波莉有了第一次约会。
那一年校园里每个人都有件皮夹克，而罗伯是校足球队员中唯一一个没有皮夹克的，他一想到这个就受不了，于是他和我达成了一项协议，用他的女友换取我的夹克。
他可不那么聪明，而他的女友波莉也不太精明。
2 But she was pretty, well-off, didn't dye her hair strange colors or wear too much makeup. Shehad the right background to be the girlfriend of a dogged, brilliant lawyer. If I could show the elitelaw firms I applied to that I had a radiant, well-spoken counterpart by my side, I just might edgepast the competition.但她漂亮而且富有，也没有把头发染成奇怪的颜色或是化很浓的妆。
新视野大学英语读写教程（第三版）第二册第四单元原文和翻译
新视野⼤学英语读写教程（第三版）第⼆册第四单元原⽂和翻译College sweethearts⼤学情侣1.I smile at my two lovely daughters and they seem so muchmore mature than we, their parents, when we were college sweethearts. Linda, who's 21, had a boyfriend in herfreshman year she thought she would marry, but they're not together anymore. Melissa, who's 19, hasn't had asteady boyfriend yet. My daughters wonder when they will meet "The One", their great love. They think their father and I had a classic fairy-tale romance heading formarriage from the outset. Perhaps, they're right but itdidn't seem so at the time. In a way, love just happens when you least expect it. Who would have thoughtthat Butch and I would end up getting married to each other? He became my boyfriend because of my shallowagenda: I wanted a cute boyfriend!1我微笑着看着我那两个可爱的⼥⼉，她们似乎⽐她们的⽗母还是⼤学情侣那会⼉更为成熟。
新视野大学英语4：Unit4TextA课文+译文
新视野大学英语4：Unit4TextA课文+译文《新视野大学英语》是教育部“新世纪网络课程建设工程”大学英语网络课程的出版用名。
使用对象为非英语专业的本科生。
下面是店铺为大家带来的新视野大学英语4：Unit4 TextA(课文+译文)，欢迎阅读！1.Environmental sensitivity is now as required an attitude in polite society as is, say, belief in democracy or disapproval of plastic surgery. But now that everyone from Ted Turner to George H. W. Bush has claimed love for Mother Earth, how are we to choose among the dozens of conflicting proposals, regulations and laws advanced by congressmen and constituents alike in the name of the environment? Clearly, not everything with an environmental claim is worth doing. How do we segregate the best options and consolidate our varying interests into a single, sound policy?1.在上流社会，对环境的敏感就如同信仰民主、反对整容一样，是一种不可或缺的态度。
然而，既然从泰德特纳到乔治W.H.布什，每个人都声称自己热爱地球母亲，那么，在由议员、选民之类的人以环境名义而提出的众多的相互矛盾的提案、规章和法规中，我们又该如何做出选择呢?显而易见，并不是每一项冠以环境保护名义的事情都值得去做。
新视野大学英语4第三版读写教程课文翻译
Unit1 爱情与逻辑：谬误的故事1 在我和室友罗伯的交易成功之后，我和波莉有了第一次约会。
那一年校园里每个人都有件皮夹克，而罗伯是校足球队员中唯一一个没有皮夹克的，他一想到这个就受不了，于是他和我达成了一项协议，用他的女友换取我的夹克。
他可不那么聪明，而他的女友波莉也不太精明。
2 但她漂亮而且富有，也没有把头发染成奇怪的颜色或是化很浓的妆。
她拥有合适的家庭背景，足以胜任一名坚忍而睿智的律师的女友。
如果我能够让我所申请的顶尖律师事务所看到我身边伴随着一位光彩照人、谈吐优雅的另一半，我就很有可能在竞聘中以微弱优势获胜。
3 “光彩照人”，她已经是了。
而我也能施予她足够多的“智慧之珠”，让她变得“谈吐优雅”。
4 在一起外出度过了美好的一天之后，我驱车来到了高速公路旁一座小山上一棵古老的大橡树下。
我的想法有些怪异。
而这个地方能够俯瞰灯火灿烂的城区，我觉得它会使人的心情变轻松。
我们呆在车子里，我调低了音响并把脚从刹车上挪开。
“我们要谈些什么？”她问道。
5 “逻辑学。
”6 “好酷啊，”她一边嚼着口香糖一边说。
7 “逻辑学的原理，”我说道，“即清晰思考的主要原则。
逻辑上出现的问题会歪曲事实，其中有些还很普遍。
我们先来看看一种叫做‘绝对判断’的逻辑谬误。
”8 “好啊，”她表示同意。
9 “‘绝对判断’是指在证据不足的情况下所作出的推断。
比方说：运动是有益的，所以每个人都应该运动。
”10 她点头表示赞同。
11 我看得出她没弄明白。
“波莉，”我解释说，“这个推断太过简单化了。
如果你有心脏病或者超级肥胖症什么的，运动就变得有害而不是有益。
所以你应该说，运动对大多数人来说是有益的。
”12 “接下来是‘草率结论’。
这似乎不言自明，对吧？仔细听好了：你不会说法语，罗伯也不会说法语，那么这所学校里好像是没有人会说法语。
”13 “是吗？”波莉吃惊地说。
“没有人吗？”14 “这也是一种逻辑谬误，”我说，“这一结论太草率了，因为能够支持这一结论的例证太少了。
新视野大学英语【第三版】读写教程第四册课文原文及翻译-新视野大学英语四翻译原文
新视野大学英语【第三版】读写教程第四册课文原文及翻译-新视野大学英语四翻译原文Unit 1Text A Love and logic: The story of a fallacy爱情与逻辑：谬误的故事1 I had my first date with Polly after I made the trade with my roommate Rob. That year every guy on campus had a leather jacket, and Rob couldn't stand the idea of being the only football player who didn't, so he made a pact that he'd give me his girl in exchange for my jacket. He wasn't the brightest guy. Polly wasn't too shrewd, either.在我和室友罗伯的交易成功之后，我和波莉有了第一次约会。
那一年校园里每个人都有件皮夹克，而罗伯是校足球队员中唯一一个没有皮夹克的，他一想到这个就受不了，于是他和我达成了一项协议，用他的女友换取我的夹克。
他可不那么聪明，而他的女友波莉也不太精明。
2 But she was pretty, well-off, didn't dye her hair strange colors or wear too much makeup. She had the right background to be the girlfriend of a dogged, brilliant lawyer. If I could show the elite law firms I applied to that I had a radiant, well-spoken counterpart by my side, I just might edge past the competition.但她漂亮而且富有，也没有把头发染成奇怪的颜色或是化很浓的妆。
新视野大学英语4课文翻译
新视野大学英语4 翻译unit2A他出生在伦敦南部的一个贫困地区。
他穿的短袜是从妈妈的红色长袜上剪下来的。
他的妈妈一度被诊断为精神失常。
狄更斯或许能创作出查理·卓别林的童年故事，但只有查理·卓别林才能塑造出了不起的喜剧角色“流浪汉”，这个使其创作者声名永驻的衣衫褴褛的小人物。
就卓别林而言，其他国家，如法国、意大利、西班牙，甚至日本，都比他的出生地给予了他更多的掌声（和更多的收益）。
在1913年，卓别林永久地离开了英国，与一些演员一起启程到美国进行舞台喜剧表演。
在那里，他被星探招募到好莱坞喜剧片之王麦克·塞纳特的旗下工作。
令人遗憾的是，20世纪二、三十年代的很多英国人认为卓别林的“流浪汉”多少有点“粗俗”。
中产阶级当然这样认为。
劳动阶层反倒更有可能为这样一个反抗权势的角色拍手喝彩：他以顽皮的小拐杖使绊子，或用皮靴后跟对准权势者肥大的臀部踢一下。
尽管如此，卓别林的滑稽乞丐形象并不那么像英国人，甚至也不像劳动阶级的人。
英国流浪者并不留小胡子，也不穿肥大的裤子或燕尾服：欧洲的领导人和意大利的侍者才那样穿戴。
另外，“流浪汉”瞟着漂亮女孩的眼神也有些粗俗，被英国观众认为不太正派──只有外国人才那样，不是吗？而在卓别林大半的银幕生涯中，银幕上的他是不出声的，也就无从证明他是英国人。
事实上，当卓别林再也无法抵制有声电影，不得不为他的“流浪汉”寻找“合适的声音”时，他确实很头疼。
他尽可能地推迟那一天的到来：在1936 的《摩登时代》里，他第一次在影片里发声唱歌。
在片中，他扮演一名侍者，满口胡言乱语，听起来不像任何国家的语言。
后来他说，他想象中的“流浪汉”是一位受过大学教育，但已经没落的绅士。
但假如他在早期那些短小的喜剧电影中能操一口受教育人的口音，那么他是否会闻名世界就难说了，而英国人也肯定会觉得这很“古怪”。
没有人知道卓别林这么干是不是有意的，但这促使他获得了巨大的成功。
他是一个才能非凡的人，他的决心之大甚至在好莱坞明星中也十分少见。
新视野大学英语4课文翻译(全)
UNIT 1艺术家追求成名，如同狗自逐其尾，一旦追到手，除了继续追逐不知还能做些什么。
成功之残酷正在于它常常让那些追逐成功者自寻毁灭。
对一名正努力追求成功并刚刚崭露头角的艺术家，其亲朋常常会建议“正经的饭碗不能丢！”他们的担心不无道理。
追求出人头地，最乐观地说也困难重重，许多人到最后即使不是穷困潦倒，也是几近精神崩溃。
尽管如此，希望赢得追星族追捧和同行赞扬之类的不太纯洁的动机却在激励着他们向前。
享受成功的无上光荣，这种诱惑不是能轻易抵挡的。
成名者之所以成名，大多是因为发挥了自己在歌唱、舞蹈、绘画或写作等方面的特长，并能形成自己的风格为了能迅速走红，代理人会极力吹捧他们这种风格。
他们青云直上的过程让人看不清楚。
他们究竟是怎么成功的，大多数人也都说不上来。
尽管如此，艺术家仍然不能闲下来。
若表演者、画家或作家感到无聊，他们的作品就难以继续保持以前的吸引力，也就难以保持公众的注意力。
公众的热情消磨以后，就会去追捧下一个走红的人。
有些艺术家为了不落伍，会对他们的写作、跳舞或唱歌的风格稍加变动，但这将冒极大的失宠的危险。
公众对于他们藉以成名的艺术风格以外的任何形式都将不屑一顾。
知名作家的文风一眼就能看出来，如田纳西·威廉斯的戏剧、欧内斯特·海明威的情节安排、罗伯特·弗罗斯特或 T.S.艾略特的诗歌等。
同样，像莫奈、雷诺阿、达利这样的画家，希区柯克、费里尼、斯皮尔伯格、陈凯歌或张艺谋这样的电影制作人也是如此。
他们鲜明独特的艺术风格标志着与别人不同的艺术形式上的重大变革，这让他们名利双收，但也让他们付出了代价，那就是失去了用其他风格或形式表现自我的自由。
名气这盏聚光灯可比热带丛林还要炙热。
骗局很快会被揭穿，过多的关注带来的压力会让大多数人难以承受。
它让你失去自我。
你必须是公众认可的那个你，而不是真实的你或是可能的你。
艺人，就像政客一样，必须常常说些违心或连自己都不完全相信的话来取悦听众一滴名气之水有可能玷污人的心灵这一整口井，因此一个艺术家若能保持真我，会格外让人惊叹。
大学新视野英语4每一单元preview翻译
大学新视野英语4每一单元preview翻译A person’s reputation is one of the most important things he possesses and it deserves protecting. The key to building a good name is to be consistent. You will not win the favor of the public or the people around you overnight. In fact, it will take many years of efforts before you establish your proper place in society. Once you have earned a good name, be careful to maintain it through civility, integrity and humility.翻译：一个人的声誉是他拥有的值得被保护的最重要的事情之一。
建立一个好名声的关键是一致的。
你不会赢得大众的青睐，你周围的人也不会一夜之间都喜欢你。
事实上，在你建立起你合适的社会地位之前，需要多年的努力。
一旦你赢得了一个好名声，你要小心地通过谦恭，正直和谦逊维护它。
To be successful, you must swim against a strong current of public opinion if you ever hope to have your efforts appreciated. Consider the comic genius of Charlie Chaplin, who was considered by the people of his own country to be crude and not at all representative of the English working class he aimed to please. He would have to go to the United States where he was recognized as the greatest comedian of all time. Or possibly we might reflect on the efforts of the few female politicians in Africa where men dominate political life, whose success has inspired women around the world.翻译：如果你想成功，并希望有人欣赏你的努力，你必须迎刃有余地应对强大的社会舆论。
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Unite 2他出生在伦敦南部的一个贫困地区。
他穿的短袜是从妈妈的红色长袜上剪下来的。
他的妈妈一度被诊断为精神失常。
狄更斯或许能创作出查理·卓别林的童年故事，但只有查理·卓别林才能塑造出了不起的喜剧角色“流浪汉”，这个使其创作者声名永驻的衣衫褴褛的小人物。
就卓别林而言，其他国家，如法国、意大利、西班牙，甚至日本，都比他的出生地给予了他更多的掌声（和更多的收益）。
在1913年，卓别林永久地离开了英国，与一些演员一起启程到美国进行舞台喜剧表演。
在那里，他被星探招募到好莱坞喜剧片之王麦克·塞纳特的旗下工作。
令人遗憾的是，20世纪二、三十年代的很多英国人认为卓别林的“流浪汉”多少有点“粗俗”。
中产阶级当然这样认为。
劳动阶层反倒更有可能为这样一个反抗权势的角色拍手喝彩：他以顽皮的小拐杖使绊子，或用皮靴后跟对准权势者肥大的臀部踢一下。
尽管如此，卓别林的滑稽乞丐形象并不那么像英国人，甚至也不像劳动阶级的人。
英国流浪者并不留小胡子，也不穿肥大的裤子或燕尾服：欧洲的领导人和意大利的侍者才那样穿戴。
另外，“流浪汉”瞟着漂亮女孩的眼神也有些粗俗，被英国观众认为不太正派──只有外国人才那样，不是吗？而在卓别林大半的银幕生涯中，银幕上的他是不出声的，也就无从证明他是英国人。
事实上，当卓别林再也无法抵制有声电影，不得不为他的“流浪汉”寻找“合适的声音”时，他确实很头疼。
他尽可能地推迟那一天的到来：在1936 的《摩登时代》里，他第一次在影片里发声唱歌。
在片中，他扮演一名侍者，满口胡言乱语，听起来不像任何国家的语言。
后来他说，他想象中的“流浪汉”是一位受过大学教育，但已经没落的绅士。
但假如他在早期那些短小的喜剧电影中能操一口受教育人的口音，那么他是否会闻名世界就难说了，而英国人也肯定会觉得这很“古怪”。
没有人知道卓别林这么干是不是有意的，但这促使他获得了巨大的成功。
他是一个才能非凡的人，他的决心之大甚至在好莱坞明星中也十分少见。
他的巨大名声为他带来了自由，更重要的是带来了财富，他因此得以成为自己的主人。
在事业发展之初，他就感到一种冲动要去发掘并扩展自己身上所显露的天才。
当他第一次在银幕上看到自己扮演的“流浪汉”时，他说：“这不可能是我。
那可能吗？瞧这角色多么与众不同啊！”这种震惊唤起了他的想象。
卓别林并没有把他的笑料事先写成文字。
他是那种边表演边根据感觉去创造艺术的喜剧演员。
没有生命的物体特别有助于卓别林发挥自己艺术家的天赋。
他将这些物体想象成其他东西。
因此，在《当铺老板》中，一个坏闹钟变成了正在接受手术的“病人”；在《淘金记》中，靴子被放在锅里煮，靴底被蘸着盐和胡椒吃掉，就像上好的鱼片一样（鞋钉就像鱼骨那样被剔除）。
这种对事物的转化，以及他一次又一次做出这种转化的技巧，正是卓别林伟大喜剧的奥秘所在。
他也深切地渴望被爱，同时也害怕遭到背叛。
这两者很难结合在一起，有时这种冲突导致了灾难，就像他早期的几次婚姻那样。
然而即使是这种以沉重代价换来的自知之明也在他的喜剧创作中得到了表现。
“流浪汉”始终没有失去对卖花女的信心，相信她正等待着与自己共同走进夕阳之中；而卓别林的另一面使他的凡尔杜先生，一个杀了妻子的法国人，成为了仇恨女人的象征。
令人宽慰的是，生活最终把卓别林先前没能获得的稳定和幸福给了他。
他找到了沃娜·奥尼尔·卓别林这个伴侣。
她的沉稳和深情跨越了他们之间37岁的年龄差距。
他们的年龄差别太大，以致当1942年他们要结婚时，新娘公布了他们的结婚日期后，为他们办理手续的官员问这位漂亮的17岁姑娘：“那个年轻人在哪儿？”──当时已经54岁的卓别林小心翼翼在外面等候着。
由于沃娜本人出生在一个被各种麻烦困扰的大家庭，她对卓别林生活中将面临的挑战也做好了充分准备，因为当时关于他俩有很多毫无根据的流言。
后来在他那个有那么多天才孩子的大家庭中，卓别林有时会引发争吵，而她则成了安宁的中心。
卓别林死于1977年圣诞节。
几个月后，几个近乎可笑的盗尸者从他的家庭墓室盗走了他的尸体以借此诈钱。
警方追回了他的尸体，其效率比麦克·塞纳特拍摄的启斯东喜剧片中的笨拙警察要高得多。
但是人们不禁会感到，卓别林一定会把这一奇怪的事件看作是对他的十分恰当的纪念──他以这种方式给这个自己曾为之带去这么多笑声的世界留下最后的笑声。
Unite 5事实如此，我们孤独无依地生活着。
据最近的统计，共有2,200万人独自生活在自己的住所里。
其中有些人喜欢这种生活，有些却不喜欢。
有些离了婚，有些鳏寡无伴，也有些从未结过婚。
孤独或许是这里的一种民族弊病，我们羞于承认它，甚于其他任何罪恶。
而另一方面，故意选择独处，拒绝别人的陪伴而非为同伴所弃，却是美国式英雄的一个特点。
孤独的猎人或探险者去鹿群和狼群中冒险，征服广袤的荒野时，并不需要有人陪伴。
梭罗独居在湖畔的小屋，有意疏离了城市生活。
现在，这成了你的个性。
独处的灵感是诗人和哲学家最有用的东西。
他们都赞成独处，都因能够独处而自视甚高，至少在他们匆忙赶回家喝茶之前的一两个小时之内是这样。
就拿多萝西·华兹华斯来说吧，她帮哥哥威廉穿上外衣，为他找到笔记本和铅笔，向他挥手告别，目送他走进早春的阳光去独自对花沉思。
他写道：“独处多么优雅，惬意。
”毫无疑问，如果自愿独处，感觉要好得多。
看看弥尔顿的女儿们：她们为他准备好垫子和毯子，然后蹑手蹑脚地走开，以便他能创作诗歌。
然而他并不自己费神将诗歌写下来，而是唤回女儿们，向她们口述，由她们记下来。
也许你已经注意到，这些艺术家类型的人，大多是到户外独处，而家里则自有亲人备好了热茶，等着他们回家。
美国的独处代表人物是梭罗。
我们钦佩他，并非因为他能自力更生，而是因为他孤身一人在瓦尔登湖畔生活，他喜欢这样──独居在湖畔的树林中。
实际上，他最近的邻居离他只有一英里，走路也就20分钟；铁路离他半英里；交通繁忙的大路距他300码。
整天都有人进出他的小屋，请教他何以能够如此高洁。
显然，他的高洁之处主要在于：他既没有妻子也没有仆人，自己动手用斧头砍柴，自己洗杯洗碟。
我不知道谁为他洗衣服，他没说，但他也肯定没提是他自己洗。
听听他是怎么说的：“我从未发现比独处更好的伙伴。
”梭罗以自尊自重为伴。
也许这里的启示是：自我意识越强，就越不需要其他的人在周围。
我们越是感觉谦卑，就越受孤独的折磨，感到仅与自己相处远远不够。
若与别人同住，他们的小别会使你感到耳目一新。
孤独将会于星期四结束。
如果今天我提到自己时使用的是单数人称代词，那么下星期我就会使用复数形式。
其他人不在的时候，你可以放飞自己的灵魂，让它充满整个房间。
你可以充分享受自由，随意来去而无需道歉。
你可以熬夜读书、大泡浴缸、一口气吃掉整整一品脱的冰淇淋。
你可以按自己的节奏行动。
暂别的人会回来。
他们的冬季防水大衣还放在衣橱里，狗也在窗边密切留意他们归来的身影。
但如果你单独居住，那么朋友或熟人的暂时离别会使你感到空虚，也许他们永远也不会回来了。
孤独的感觉时起时落，但我们却永远需要与人交谈。
这比需要倾听更重要。
噢，我们都有朋友，可以把大事要事向他们倾诉。
我们可以打电话对朋友说我们丢了工作，或者说我们在湿滑的地板上摔倒了，跌断了胳膊。
每日不断的琐碎抱怨，对各种事情的看法和意见，积在那儿，塞满了我们的心。
我们不会真打电话给一位朋友，说我们收到了姐姐的一个包裹，或者说现在天黑得比较早，或者说我们不信任最高法院新来的法官。
科学调查表明，独居的人会对着自己、对着宠物、对着电视机唠叨不休。
我们问猫儿今天该穿蓝色套装还是黄色裙装，问鹦鹉今天晚餐该做牛排还是面条。
我们跟自己争论那个花样滑冰选手和这个滑雪运动员到底谁更了不起。
这没什么不妥，也对我们有好处，而且不像有些人那么令人尴尬：在超市付款处，排在前面的女人告诉收银员，她的侄女梅利莎星期六可能会来看她。
梅莉莎非常喜欢热巧克力，所以她买了速溶热巧克力粉，虽然她自己从来不喝这东西。
重要的是保持理性。
重要的是不再等待，而是安顿下来，使自己过得舒服，至少暂时要这样。
要在我们自身的条件下发现一些优雅和乐趣，不要做一个以自我为中心的英国诗人，而要像一个被关在塔楼里的公主，耐心地等待着我们的童话故事迎来快乐的结局。
毕竟，事已至此，这或许不是我们所期望的局面，但眼下我们不妨称之为家吧。
不管怎么说，没有什么地方比家更好。
Unite 6商科学生有时对课程里包含商业道德课略感吃惊。
他们通常没意识到在很多国家，形形色色的贿赂行为正日益增多。
在某些国家，这已成为人们几百年来的一种生活方式。
假定在一场与政府官员的谈判中，贸易部长向你明确表示如能给他一大笔贿赂，那么你的商品拿到进口许可证就会容易得多，还可能避免他所说的“程序上的延误”。
现在的问题是：你是被迫掏钱呢，还是坚持原则？高尚的道德标准说起来容易，但实际上人们在这种情况下究竟会怎么做呢？早些时候，一家英国汽车制造商被指控利用一笔基金行贿，并进行其他一些可疑运作，如给代理商和客户高额回扣、提供额外折扣、向一些在瑞士银行开的匿名账户汇款等。
这家汽车公司否认了这些指控，后来指控也被撤销了。
然而，当时英国汽车业里就有人准备私下里说：“瞧，我们这一行竞争激烈，每年我们汽车的海外销售额超过10亿英镑。
如果花几百万英镑能让一些客户高兴，谁会有损失呢？我们不这样干，别人也会这样干的。
”很容易产生这样的印象：贿赂以及其他可疑开支正日渐增多。
的确，这似乎已成为商界的一个事实。
仅举一例：美国第三大汽车制造企业克莱斯勒汽车公司透露，它在1971至1976年间共发生了250万美元的可疑开支。
这一事实的披露，使克莱斯勒与其他300多家美国公司一样，向美国证券交易委员会承认自己近年曾有过某种形式的支出，像贿赂、额外打折等。
为方便讨论起见，我们可将这些支出分为三大类。
第一大类是那些为政治目的或为获得大宗合同所付出的大笔款项。
比如，有一家美国企业曾因可能违反美国商业法规而受调查，当时它捐出一大笔款项支持一位总统候选人。
后来发现，这家公司也打算资助美国推翻智利政府的秘密行动。
这一大类也包括为得到武器销售或重大的石油、建筑等项目的合同而向权势家族及其身边的顾问所付出的大笔款项。
在一桩涉及对伊朗武器销售的案子中，一位证人声称一家英国公司曾付给某“洽谈人”100万英镑。
此人帮忙做成了一笔向伊朗提供坦克和其他军事装备的交易。
据闻其他国家也是如此，向外国公司施压，要他们向党派组织的账户捐款。
第二大类包括旨在促使政府加快对某些工程项目的正式批准而作的支出。
关于这一点有个有趣的例子：有个销售经理几个月来一直试图向加勒比地区一个国家的建工部长推销道路工程机械。
后来，他想到了办法。
了解到建工部长收藏珍本书，他买了一本书的珍藏版，在书里夹了两万美元，将其送给部长。