英语口译速记符号
英语口译速记符号
英语速记口译符号1.常用速记符号:大于>小于<小于或等于≤大于或等于≥等于、意味着=不等于≠约等于≈遗憾、悲哀;高兴、荣兴(错误、否、不、否定×正确、对、好、肯定√不同意N同意Y上升、增加↑下降、减少↓+ 表示“多”: many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.++(+2) 表示“多”的比较级:more+3 表示“多”的最高级:most强、好+更强、更好++弱、差-更弱、更差――因为∵所以∴优秀★属于∈胜利V问题、疑问?和、与&导致、结果→结论是→:促进、发展↗国家□国与国□/□对立、冲突C×波折<<会议、会面⊙进入∩接触、交往∞双向交流↓↑分歧><非常、十分重要☆坚持≡关键!奇观!有关@压力—↓—替换为∽但是∧空洞○代表△将来,上一个台阶以前,下一个台阶( ) 表示“在......之间”:among, within, etc.Q表示“通货膨胀”:inflationA 表示农业: agriculture. agriculture经常用到,所以用首字母代替。
B表示商业:business。
C×表示冲突,矛盾:conflict,confrontation: 表示各种各样“说”的动词:say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc.“.d”表示yesterday, “y”表示this year, “.y”表示last year,“y2.” two years later“.2m”表示two month ago。
Wk表示week“next week”, 可以表示为“wk.”∥表示“结束”:end,stop,halt,bring sth to a standstill/stop, etc.借助“|-”来表示东、西、南、北、中等方位。
例如:the Republic of Korea(ROK,南朝鲜),表示为“-K”; 相应的the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea(DPRK,北朝鲜), 就可以表示为“K-”, Central London,表示为LD。
英语口译速记符号
大于>小于<小于或等于≤大于或等于≥等于、意味着=不等于≠约等于≈遗憾、悲哀:(高兴、荣兴:)错误、否、不、否定×正确、对、好、肯定√不同意N同意Y上升、增加↑下降、减少↓强、好+更强、更好++弱、差-更弱、更差――因为∵所以∴优秀★属于∈胜利V问题、疑问?和、与&结论是=>将来p←过去f→国家□国与国□/□原因←导致、结果→对立、冲突>< 波折~~~会议、会面⊙进入∩接触、交往∞分歧⊥非常、十分重要** 坚持≡关键!奇观!有关@ 替换为∽空洞○代表△→ export to, send to ,cause(导致),arrive in/atEg.: 我今天下午到达北京I → BJ at 6:00 pm d.← import, receive(from),come back(from)↑ increase, rise develop, promote, grow, expandEg.: this company keep expanding (↑)↓decrease, decline, bomb(爆炸) ,drop+plus, and, in additionto ,further more(而且,此外,更近一步说)Eg.: there are five students plus ten teachers attending(旁听)5stus+10tea -minus, lack× wrong, incorrect, bad>more than, greater, more and more, superior to<less than, smaller, fewer, inferior to≥ more than or equal to≤ less than or equal to≠ be not match for…Eg.: jack ≠ Brandyjack 不是Brandy 的对手≈around, almostEg.: 这辆自行车大约要花500美元才能买下自行车≈$500∵ because of, owing to ,due to , thanks to∴ so, therefore。
英语口译速记符号
ta @
detutitsbus eb nac slaitini ,gnitee m ro klat eht gnirud lluf ni tuo nettirw yllaitini si e man ro ,esarhp ,mret a fI
:selpmaxE .selcitra yrassecennu tuo evaeL erew saw si
sre motsuc stsuc
elbasingocer a edivorp ot stnanosnoc hguone ylno gniniater ,sdrow fo elddim eht morf slewov timO tne meveihca hca noitamrofni ofni
:selp maxE .drow eht fo noteleks
:selp maxE .sbrev tnatropminu tuo evaeL
5 tnetxE TXE
egnahcxE HCXE erutrapeD TPD tnuocsiD CSID ynapmoC .OC
nialpxE NLPXE
tne mtrapeD TPED noitidnoC DNOC
denrecnoc/gninrecnoc/nrecnoC CNOC evititepmoc/etep moC EPMC noissimmoC IMC ecnerefnoC FNC mrofnoC MFC lecnaC LCNC etelp moC PMC noitacinummoC UMC
.dnahtrohs htiw esned oot seton eht ekam lliw sdrow trohs rof slobmys ro snoitaiverbbA .yek dna ,rof ,tub ,ot ,ta ,ni sa hcus sdrow trohs tuo llepS gnitne mirepxe gnisaerced gnihsilbatse = = gtpxe gtse gkc
口译常用速记符号
同意;agree……
↑:
上升,扩大,提升,发展,增加,起飞;up, rise, increase……
↓:
下降,向下,下调,减少,恶化,裁减;down, decrease……
↗:
促进,发展,上扬,越来越好;
↘:
下挫,不断亏损;
+:
强,好,另外,多; strong, good,plus, add, moreover, besides……
ma/,近似government,所以就用C来表示govern, government。governmental official可以表示为CZP表示政治:
politics, political希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political。那么politician就可以表示为PZ
口译中常用的速记符号
∵:
因为,由于,幸亏;because , due to , thanks to……
∴:
所以,因此,结果是;so,therefore, consequently……
≠:
不等于,不同,有差距;different, disparity ……
≈:
约等于,大约,大概;about, almost, nearly……
n表示"交流"状态:
exchange,mutual, etc.
&表示"和","与":
∥表示"结束":
end,stop,halt,bring sth to a standstill/stop, etc.
六、较长单词的处理办法
-ism简写为m例如:
socialism Sm
-tion简简写为n例如:
口译速记符号及范例
口译速记符号及范例
在口译速记中,使用了各种符号来代表不同的词语、词组和信息。
以下是一些常见的口译速记符号及其范例:
1. 单词/词组的缩写:
- 例如:govt(government),UN(United Nations),intro (introduction)
2. 数字:
- 例如:2(two),15(fifteen),3.2%(three point two percent)
3. 符号表示特定含义:
- 例如:∴(therefore),≠(not equal to),±(plus or minus)
4. 词语/词组的简化形式:
- 例如:info(information),conf(conference),rep (report)
5. 声音的表示:
- 例如:/kæt/(cat),/əˈsaɪst/(assist)
6. 常用的速记符号:
- 例如:箭头(表示方向或变化),圆圈(表示重要或突出),斜线(表示取消或过时)
7. 符号的组合和结构:
- 例如:↑(上升),↓(下降),→(发展),←(反对)
8. 表示固定短语或俚语的符号:
- 例如:BFF(best friends forever),TGIF(Thank God it's Friday)
请注意,以上仅为一些常见的例子,实际上口译速记符号有很多种,各口译员可能会根据个人习惯和需求进行一些定制或修改。
使用哪些符号以及如何使用符号,都取决于个人风格和技巧。
英语口译速记符号
∵因为;由于;because;due to;thanks to;∴所以;因此;as a result;consequently;=相同;也就是;相当于;that is to say;similar to;≠不同;差距;相差;difference;disparity;≈大约;接近;about;nearly;approximately;>大于;超过;more than;exceed;surpass;superior to<小于;低于;less than;lower than;inferior to+加上;另外;加强;-减去;扣除;接近(某个数字);minus;deduct from;except;÷除了,后面以加逗号与否来区分except和apart from↗上升;增长;increase;grow;↘下降;减少;decrease;decline;drop√正确的;好的;积极的;correct;nice;positive;affirmative;改善;完善;improve;×错误的;不好的;负面的;mistake;negative;notorious?疑问;询问;是否;question;ask;inquiry;whether;!危险;警告;值得注意;dangerous;warning;notice;{包括;包含;including;containing;:认为;觉得;看法;think;believe;in my view;…大量的;很多的;一系列的;可持续的;a lot of;a series of; 【在…期间;在…的过程中;during;in the process of;∥但是;然而;but;however;neverthless;∠从…的角度;from the perspective of…⊥建立;树立;成立;build;establish;found;⊿三角洲;三角地带;三方;triangle;delta;three-party;∝无限的;无穷的;永不停息的;endless;limitless;never-ending ∩共同的;共识;条约;协定;share;have…in common;consensus;agreement;∪合并;团结;统一;unity;unification;∮整合;一体化;integration;∈属于;是…的成员;belong to;be affiliated with;□国家△∕▽城市;城区;city;municipal;urban;农村;农业;rural;cuntryside;agriculture;☆重要的;重大的;杰出的;important;crucial;extraordinarily ^ 标在上方:最高级的标志;the most…也可表示leader;summit;﹟仅仅;只不过;only;merely;no more than;just;*特征;feature;characteristic;代表;represent;symbolize;on behalf of;_基础的;basic;fundamental;﹠plus;in addition;moreover;◎环境;environment;⌒ a wide range of;大范围的;﹥﹤矛盾;冲突;contradict;conflict;incompatible;against;﹥抵制;反对;oppose;resist;∞关系;交往;联系;relationship;tie;contact;○全部的;完整的;所有的;包罗万象的;Whole;entire;all-inclusive;⊙会议;会面;会晤;meeting;assembly;seminar;symposium ∽与…有关;涉及到…;concerning;involving;about;in terms of∥但是;然而;but;however;nevertheless;·︳一方面;on one hand;︳·另一方面;on the other hand;@沟通;交流;communication;♂男性;阳性;male;♀女性;阴性;female;→sending to;leading to;exporting to;←coming from;receving from;importing from;↑increase;develop;upgrade;promote;→decrease;diminish;deteriorate;‘y’ for ‘year’ ‘m’ for ‘month’ ‘w’ for ‘week’ ‘d’ for ‘day’‘·y’ for ‘last year’ ‘y·’for ‘next year’。
速记符号_口译入门必备
常用速记符号
•
• • • •
•
• •
↓下降/ 减少/ 退步(decrease/ diminish/ retreat/ decline/ recession) √肯定/ 赞成(agree/ approve of) ∞渔业(fish/ go fishing/ fishery) ∵因为 ∴所以 ∪协议/ 合同(形状像杯子,表示庆祝) (agreement/contract/propose a toast) ⊙会议/ 讨论(meeting/ conference/ discussion/ symposium) + 此外/ 正确/ 好 (besides/furthermore/ correct/ good)
其它缩略词
其它缩略词
• ppd = prepared prblm = problem estmt = estimate bkgd = background gvt = government . • am't = amount cont'd = continued gov't = government educat'l = educational
• 大于 > 小于 < 小于或等于 ≤ 大于或等于 ≥ 等于、意味着 = 不等于 ≠ 约等于 ≈ 遗憾、悲哀 :-( :(
常见速 记符号
高兴、荣幸 :) 错误、否、不、否定 × 正确、对、好、肯定 √ 不同意 N 同意 Y 上升、增加 ↑ 下降、减少 ↓
常见速 记符号
强、好 + 更强、更好 ++ 越来越强 越来越弱 弱、差 - 更弱、更差 ―― 因为 ∵ 所以 ∴ 优秀 ★ 属于 ∈ 胜利 V 问题、疑问 ?
I am very happy that the Chinese Provincial Trade Delegation is here attending the opening ceremony of the US Science and Technology Exhibition. My warmest welcome goes to our Chinese friends from the other side of the planet. This exhibition is a display of recent Hi-Tech achievements in the United States.
口译笔记符号汇总
口译笔记符号大汇总一. 地名简写原词速记符号原词速记符号Korea K Sweden SD Switzerland SW东西南北中等方位“|-”the Republic of Korea(南朝鲜)ROK“K”the DemocraticPeople’s Republicof Korea(北朝鲜)DPRK“_K”Eastern Germany (东德)“G|”Western Europe(西欧)“|EU”二. 货币简写原词速记符号原词速记符号Sterling/pound£US dollar$ Renminbi/RMB¥Australian dollars AUS Austrian schillings Sch Canadian dollars Can$Euro€New Zealand dollars NZ$ Japanese yen円三.时间简写原词速记符号原词速记符号hour hr minute’second’’morning m afternoon a evening/night/tonight ntoday d yesterday.dthe day beforeyesterday”d tomorrow d’the day after tomorrow d’’day by day/everyday ddlast night’n next morning m’this week w the week before last”wMonday1w Tuesday2w Wednesday3w Thursday4wFriday5w Saturday6w Sunday7w this month mJanuary1m February2mMarch3m April4mMay5m June6mJuly7m August8m September9m October10m November11m December12dmtwo month ago.2m this year ytwo year later y2.1949年前/491949年后49/1949年底4920年以后20y|century Csince/ever since┠uo to now/ until┫四.度量衡原词速记符号原词速记符号meter m inch in. centimeter cm foot ft minimeter mm knot ktmile mi acre A nautical mile nm五. 缩略词原词速记符号原词速记符号Apartment APT Accountant ACC According ACDG Accept ACPT Advertisement AD Address ADS aircraft AC at least AL Advice ADV Approve APVas soon as possible ASAP As much/many as possible AMAP are R Amount AMT Building BLDG Balance BAL Cancel CNCL Conference CNF carbon copy cc care of c/o Conform CFM Commission CMI Complete CMP Concern/concerning/concerned CONC Condition COND Communication CMU Compete/competitive CMPE Certificate CERT Company CO.Departure DPT Discount DISC Department DEPT Extent EXT Exchange EXCH Explain EXPLN Extra large XL Final FNT Flight FLT For your reference FYR Freight FRT Guarantee GUAR Good GD Home office H.O.Interested INTST Information INFO important IMPI owe you IOU In stead of I/OIn view of IVO Include IINCD insurance INS Impossible IMPS Individual INDIV Minimum MIN Market MKT Manufacture MANUF Message MSG manager MGR Model MDL Memorandum MEMO No later than NLT Necessary NCRY Ordinary ORD Observe OBS Obtain OBT Product PROD Patent PAT Packing PKGPlease PLS People PLPiece PC Position POSNPossible POSS(BL)Quantity QUTYQuality QLTY room RMRegular REGL Representative REPReservation RESN Repeat RPTResponsible RESPON receive RCVReference REF Situation SITNStandard STD Section SECThough THO TGM TelegraphThanks TKS Telephone TELTrade TRD through THRUTemporary TEMP Traffic TRFTotal TTL You UYour UR Will WLWeek WK Weight WT六.较长单词的处理办法词尾缩写原词速记符号-ism m socialism Sm-tion n standardization (标准化)stdn-cian o technician techo-ing g marketing (市场营销)MKTg-ed d accepted acptd-able/ible/ble bl available avbl-ment mt amendment amdmt-ize z recognize regz-ful fl meaningful mnfl 七.字母、图像、符号原词速记符号原词速记符号people/person人o右上角Janpanese日本人JPoGovernment/govern C 政府Governmental official CZPolitics/political P 政治politician PZEfficient/effective G 效率inflation Q 通货膨胀victory,/win/success V 胜利Leader/head T 领导人agriculture/agriculture A 农业business B 商业conflict/confrontation C×冲突/矛盾work/employ W 工作/职业industry/industrial i 工业treaty/agreement U 合同/协议bilateral(双边的)U内填入2trilateral (三边的)U内填入3 Unilateralism(单边主义)U内填入1Multiple(多边主义)U内填入m谈判破裂U上加一个“/”country/state/nation□国家/民族/领土Import进口gO outport出口Ogchair/ host/preside over Z主持/主办Chairman/host Z°主席、主持人contact, exchanges:∞联系fishery∞捕鱼业head of government/ company CTinternational/worldwide/global/universal ○国际的/世界的/全球的as we all know/ as is known to all/as you have already heard of EO 听到/众所周之meeting/conference/negotiation/seminar/discussion/symposium⊙会议/开会pleasant/joyful/happy/excitedJ 开心/高兴/荣幸/好现象unsatisfied/discomfort/angry/sadL 生气/难过/悲伤/忧虑/不满indifferent/apathetic/unconcern/ don’t care much O 漠不关心/无动于衷total/totally/entire/entirely/onthe whole/all in all/to sum up∑总值/总数go into/arrive at/give to/sendto/present to g→到达/传达lead to/result in/in thedirection of→导致/引导come/go back to/originate←追溯到be/come from/return/receivefromf←自于launch/open/start↗发射/投放市场/发行develop/strengthen/promote/boost,/improve/enhance↑发展/加强/推进up/upward/rise/increase/arise/ascend h↑上升ups and downs/twists andturns/roller coaster<< 波折submit to↓屈服exchange/mutual n交流a match /rival /competitor/counterpart/against VS对手many/lots of/a great deal of/agood many of/plus+ 多/加之/加上/补充more++/+2多的比较级most+3 多的最高级little/few/lack/in short of/be inshortage of/minus -少/减去/除去about/around/orso/approximately≈大约bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than > 大于/多于/好于/优于less/smaller< 小于/少于/差于/劣于superior to/surpass∧高inferior to∨低among/within( ) 在...之间but yet however∧转折cross out/eliminate/ 否定/消除question/issue? 问题/疑惑/难题wonder/miracle/pay attesion to !惊叹/特别注意matchless/peerless无敌say/speak/talk/marks/announce/declare : 说/认为/希望end/stop/halt/bring sth to astandstill/stop∥结束right/good/famous/well-known√对/正确/好的wrong/incorrect/somethingbad/notorious/negative×错误/失误/坏stand up for/support/ agree withsb/certain/ affirmativeY同意not agree/disagree N不同意thought*想法/重要的/优秀的important/best/outstanding/brilliant☆重要的very/extremely__ 强调程度under the circumstance ̄在…的条件/情况下means/that is to say/in otherwords/the same as/be equal to =即/等于/相当于/同等be different from≠不同/不等于/不相当/不是and/together with/along &和/与belong to∈属于with/accompany/alongwith/further morebasis of/ perpendicular/ isperpendicular to ⊥…的基础therefore/so/as a result/consequently∴所以/结果because/because of/due to∵因为/由于/多亏hear/listen○3 听说about@关于parallel//water H2O for4to2without w/owith w/plus or minus±times x so on, etc, and so forth ···divided by÷circle, circumference○degree℃ellipse0 percent%diameterθper thousand‰triangle, delta △between|.|inside/ within/include/ among,( ) maintaining peace and stability: ◎Empty Oas always/hold on,/persist/ insist on ≡一直/总是/一贯pressure/influence⊥(竖线为向下箭头)On the other hand/or/ 或者right angle∟Representative/delegation/ delegation △ocean/sea/river/lake/brook/stream∽江河湖海水hills/mountainω山climb the mountainω上加一点·山水之间ω∕∽before/beyond/in front of·|above/on/over~上加一点·below/beneath/under~下加一点·table/desk/house/building/bed︹桌/凳/床/楼/房在椅子上︹上加一短横在桌子下︹下加一短横look/ look after/ look into/investigate/witness⊙资本主义资’四个现代化4mpeace-keeping维p第三世界3w一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高,如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
口译速记符号整理(笔记符号整理)
口译笔记速记符号:(1)Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for reference:Abbreviations in Note taking: Use only the abbreviations that fit the needs.S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding “s”.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse “g” to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center forAerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples: subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable ofthe word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example: January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/(2)字母、图像:Z 表示"人"people/person,因为"Z"看上去像个人头,它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。
口译笔记符号大汇总(超全整理版,方便直接背诵)
- 少/减去/除去
> 大于/多于/好 于/优于 ∧高 ( ) 在...之间 / 否认/消除 !惊叹/特别注 意
about/around/or so/approximately
less/smaller
inferior to but yet however question/issue
四.度量衡
原词 meter centimeter minimeter mile nautical mile
五. 缩略词
原词 Apartment According Advertisement
aircraft Advice as soon as possible are Building Cancel carbon copy Conform Complete Condition Compete/competitive
原词 Sterling/pound Renminbi/RMB Austrian schillings
Eurodollar Japanese yen
速记符号 £ ¥ Sch € 円
三.时间简写
原词
速记符号
hour
hr
second
’’
afternoon
a
today
d
the day before yesterday ”d
速记符号 ’ m n .d d’ dd m’ ”w 2w 4w 6w
时间:二O二一年七月二十九日
时间:二O二一年七月二十九日
Sunday January March May July September November two month ago two year later 1949 年后 20 年以后 since/ever since
翻译速记符号
&和/与
belong to
∈属于
basis of/ perpendicular/ is perpendicular to
€
New Zealand dollars
NZ$
Japanese yen
円
三、时间简写
原词
符号
原词
符号
hour
hr
minute
’
second
’’
morning
m
afternoon
a
evening/night/tonight
n
today
d
yesterday
.d
the day before yesterday
minimeter
mm
knot
kt
mile
mi
acre
A
nautical mile
nm
五、缩略词
原词
符号
原词
符号
Apartment
APT
Accountant
ACC
According
ACDG
Accept
ACPT
Advertisement
AD
Address
ADS
aircraft
AC
at least
AL
Advice
.2m
this year
y
two year later
y2.
1949年前
/49
1949年后
49/
1949年底
49
口译笔记符号大汇总(超全整理版_方便直接背诵)
口译笔记符号大汇总一. 地名简写原词速记符号原词速记符号Korea K Sweden SD Switzerland SW东西南北中等方位“|-”the Republic of Korea(南朝鲜)ROK“K”the DemocraticPeople’s Republic ofKorea(北朝鲜)DPRK“_K”Eastern Germany (东德)“G|”Western Europe(西欧)“|EU”二. 货币简写原词速记符号原词速记符号Sterling/pound£US dollar$Renminbi/RMB¥Australian dollars#AAustrian schillings Sch Canadian dollars Can$ Eurodollar€New Zealand dollars NZ$ Japanese yen円三.时间简写原词速记符号原词速记符号hour hr minute’second’’morning m afternoon a evening/night/tonight ntoday d yesterday.dthe day before yesterday”d tomorrow d’the day after tomorrow d’ ’day by day/everyday ddlast night’n next morning m’this week w the week before last”wMonday1w Tuesday2wWednesday3w Thursday4wFriday5w Saturday6wSunday7w this month mJanuary1m February2mMarch3m April4mMay5m June6mJuly7m August8m September9m October10m November11m December12dmtwo month ago.2m this year ytwo year later y2.1949年前/491949年后49/1949年底4920年以后20y|century Csince/ever since┠uo to now/ until┫四.度量衡原词速记符号原词速记符号meter m inch in. centimeter cm foot ftminimeter mm knot ktmile mi acre Anautical mile nm五. 缩略词原词速记符号原词速记符号Apartment APT Accountant ACC According ACDG Accept ACPT Advertisement AD Address ADS aircraft AC at least ALAdvice ADV Approve APVas soon as possible ASAP As much/many as possible AMAPare R Amount AMT Building BLDG Balance BAL Cancel CNCL Conference CNF carbon copy cc care of c/o Conform CFM Commission CMI Complete CMP Concern/concerning/concerned CONC Condition COND Communication CMU Compete/competitive CMPE Certificate CERT Company CO.Departure DPT Discount DISC Department DEPT Extent EXT Exchange EXCH Explain EXPLN Extra large XL Final FNT Flight FLT For your reference FYR Freight FRT Guarantee GUAR Good GD Home office H.O.Interested INTST Information INFO important IMPI owe you IOU In stead of I/OIn view of IVO Include IINCD insurance INS Impossible IMPS Individual INDIV Minimum MIN Market MKT Manufacture MANUF Message MSG manager MGR Model MDL Memorandum MEMO No later than NLT Necessary NCRY Ordinary ORD Observe OBS Obtain OBT Product PROD Patent PAT Packing PKG Please PLS People PLPiece PC Position POSNPossible POSS(BL)Quantity QUTYQuality QLTY room RMRegular REGL Representative REPReservation RESN Repeat RPTResponsible RESPON receive RCVReference REF Situation SITNStandard STD Section SECThough THO TGM TelegraphThanks TKS Telephone TELTrade TRD through THRUTemporary TEMP Traffic TRFTotal TTL You UYour UR Will WLWeek WK Weight WT六.较长单词的处理办法词尾缩写原词速记符号-ism m socialism Sm-tion n standardization (标准化)stdn-cian o technician techo-ing g marketing (市场营销)MKTg-ed d accepted acptd-able/ible/ble bl available avbl-ment mt amendment amdmt-ize z recognize regz-ful fl meaningful mnfl七.字母、图像、符号原词速记符号原词速记符号people/person人o右上角Janpanese日本人JPoGovernment/govern C 政府Governmental official CZPolitics/political P 政治politician PZEfficient/effective G 效率inflation Q 通货膨胀victory,/win/success V 胜利Leader/head T 领导人agriculture/agriculture A 农业business B 商业conflict/confrontation C× 冲突/矛盾work/employ W 工作/职业industry/industrial i 工业treaty/agreement U 合同/协议bilateral(双边的)U内填入2trilateral (三边的)U内填入3 Unilateralism(单边主义)U内填入1Multiple(多边主义)U内填入m谈判破裂U上加一个“/”country/state/nation□国家/民族/领土Import进口gO outport出口Ogchair/ host/preside over Z主持/主办Chairman/host Z°主席、主持人contact, exchanges:∞联系fishery∞捕鱼业head of government/ company CTinternational/worldwide/global/universal ○国际的/世界的/全球的as we all know/ as is known to all/as you have already heard of EO 听到/众所周之meeting/conference/negotiation/seminar/discussion/symposium⊙会议/开会pleasant/joyful/happy/excitedJ 开心/高兴/荣幸/好现象unsatisfied/discomfort/angry/sadL 生气/难过/悲伤/忧虑/不满indifferent/apathetic/unconcern/ don’t care much O 漠不关心/无动于衷total/totally/entire/entirely/onthe whole/all in all/to sum up∑总值/总数go into/arrive at/give to/sendto/present to g→到达/传达lead to/result in/in thedirection of→导致/引导come/go back to/originate←追溯到be/come from/return/receivefromf←自于launch/open/start↗发射/投放市场/发行develop/strengthen/promote/boost,/improve/enhance↑发展/加强/推进up/upward/rise/increase/h↑上升ups and downs/twists and << 波折arise/ascend turns/roller coastersubmit to↓屈服exchange/mutual n交流a match /rival /competitor/counterpart/against VS对手many/lots of/a great deal of/agood many of/plus+ 多/加之/加上/补充more++/+2多的比较级most+3 多的最高级little/few/lack/in short of/be inshortage of/minus -少/减去/除去about/around/orso/approximately≈大约bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than > 大于/多于/好于/优于less/smaller< 小于/少于/差于/劣于superior to/surpass∧高inferior to∨低among/within( ) 在...之间but yet however∧转折cross out/eliminate/ 否定/消除question/issue? 问题/疑惑/难题wonder/miracle/pay attesion to!惊叹/特别注意matchless/peerless无敌say/speak/talk/marks/announce/declare : 说/认为/希望end/stop/halt/bring sth to astandstill/stop∥结束right/good/famous/well-known√对/正确/好的wrong/incorrect/somethingbad/notorious/negative× 错误/失误/坏stand up for/support/ agree withsb/certain/ affirmativeY同意not agree/disagree N不同意thought*想法/重要的/优秀的important/best/outstanding/brilliant☆重要的very/extremely__ 强调程度under the circumstance ̄在…的条件/情况下means/that is to say/in otherwords/the same as/be equal to =即/等于/相当于/同等be different from≠不同/不等于/不相当/不是and/together with/along &和/与belong to∈属于with/accompany/alongwith/further morebasis of/ perpendicular/ isperpendicular to ⊥ …的基础therefore/so/as a result/consequently∴所以/结果because/because of/due to∵因为/由于/多亏hear/listen○3听说about@关于parallel// water H2O for4to2without w/o with w/plus or minus±times x so on, etc, and so forth ···divided by÷circle, circumference○degree℃ellipse0 percent%diameterθper thousand‰triangle, delta △between|.|inside/ within/include/ among,( ) maintaining peace and stability: ◎Empty Oas always/hold on,/persist/ insist on ≡一直/总是/一贯pressure/influence⊥(竖线为向下箭头)On the other hand/or/ 或者right angle∟Representative/delegation/ delegation △ocean/sea/river/lake/brook/stream∽江河湖海水hills/mountainω山climb the mountainω上加一点·山水之间ω∕∽before/beyond/in front of·|above/on/over~上加一点·below/beneath/under~下加一点·table/desk/house/building/bed︹桌/凳/床/楼/房在椅子上︹上加一短横在桌子下︹下加一短横look/ look after/ look into/investigate/witness⊙资本主义资’四个现代化4mpeace-keeping维p第三世界3w。
口译笔记符号大汇总(超全整理版)
5
submit to
↓ 屈服
exchange/mutual
n 交流
a match /rival /competitor/ VS 对手
counterpart/against
many/lots of/a great deal of/a + 多/加之/加上/补
good many of/plus
充
more
PZ Q 通货膨胀 T 领导人 B 商业 W 工作/职业 U 合同/协议 U 内填入 3 U 内填入 m □ 国家/民族/领土
Import 进口 chair/ host/preside over contact, exchanges:
gO Z 主持/主办 ∞ 联系
head of government/ company CT
from
↗ 发射/投放市 develop/strengthen/promote/
场/发行
boost,/improve/enhance
↑ 发展/加强/推进
up/upward/rise/increase/ arise/ascend
h↑ 上升
ups and downs/twists and << 波折
turns/roller coaster
U
Your
UR
Will
WL
Week
WK
Weight
WT
六.较长单词的处理办法
词尾
缩写
原词
速记符号
-ism
m
-tion
n
socialism
Sm
standardization (标准化) stdn
-cian
o
-ing
口译速记符号及范例
口译速记符号及范例
在口译过程中,速记是一种非常重要的技能,可以帮助译员更快速、准确地记录和传达信息。
以下是一些常用的口译速记符号及范例,供译员参考。
1.缩写符号
缩写符号是指将一个词或短语的首字母缩写成一个速记符号。
例如:
UN(联合国)
OPEC(石油输出国组织)
VIP(要人)
2.数字速记符号
数字速记符号可以用来表示数量、时间、日期等。
例如:
2000—至今:表示从2000年到现在。
|:用一条线表示一个时间段或过程。
例如:“from 2000—to date”表示从2000年到现在。
1,2,3,…):或递减(10,9,8,…)。
例如:第一名、最后一名等。
3.比较关系速记符号
使用大于(>)和小于(<)符号来表示比较关系。
例如:
5(>5):表示大于5。
小于3(<3):表示小于3。
4.加减运算速记符号
在进行加减运算时使用加号(+)和减号(-)。
例如:
5+3=8(5加3等于8)。
5.百分比速记符号
在表示百分比时使用百分号(%)。
例如:
50%(百分之五十):表示50/100。
6.特殊符号及用法。
口译 速记符号
口译专业符号Feature and Layout of an Interpreter’s Notes口译时,译员可选择用于记笔记的常用符号大致有以下几类:1. 英语字母符号,包括首位字母缩略语和缩写词,如:UNESCO 联合国教科文组织UNICEF 联合国儿童基金会IMF 国际货币基金WTO 世界贸易组织EU 欧盟(欧洲同盟)APEC 亚太经合组织(亚洲太平洋经济合作组织)OPEC 石油输出国组织NATO 北约(北大西洋公约组织)CPC 中国共产党NPC 全国人民代表大会CPPCC 中国人民政治协商会议CAAC 中国民航CCTV 中央电视台PLA 中国人民解放军HKSAR 香港特别行政区GDP 国民生产总值Ch. govt. 中国政府re. op. 改革开放4 Ms 四个现代化tot. imp 进口总额tot. exp 出口总额NASA 美国宇航局FBI 美国联邦调查局GM 美国通用汽车公司AT&T 美国电话电报公司US/Am. 美国UK/Br. 英国Can. 加拿大AUS. 澳大利亚N.Z. 新西兰NY 纽约Las. 洛杉矶US$ 美元Br£英镑Can$ 加元Euro 欧元$A 澳元NZ$ 新西兰元HK$ 香港元RMB 人民币2. 用各种数学符号,如:∴所以∵因为= 等于或就是,意味着≠ 不等于,不是≈ 大约,大概,左右> 大于,多于,比…大< 小于,少于,比…小3. 用译员自己创造的各种形象符号,如:×不同意,不赞成,错误,不正确√ 同意,赞成,正确→ 从某地到某地,从某时到某时,导致,引起← 过去,回忆,返回,后退,倒退↓ 下降,降低,减少,向下↑ 上升,提高,增加,向上□←来访,进入,进口,引进外资,来华投资□→ 出访,外出,出口,海外投资☆杰出,优秀,最佳,突出,标兵,榜样∽交换,交流,交替,互换3—, —300,0005,—, —5,000,000常用口译符号:equal: =boost, improve, enhance, strengthen :↗plus: +minus: —times: xdivided by: ÷degree: ℃percent: %per thousand: ‰between:|.|because, because of, due to: ∵therefore, so, as a result, consequently: ∵plus or minus: ±versus, the ratio of, divided by : :so on, etc, and so forth : ···is (much) greater/bigger/larger/faster/quicker /heavier/older… than; superior to, surpass: > is (much) less/smaller/lighter/younger/fewer/inferior to/worse than…: <not equal to : ≠not less than: ≥varies as, in direct proportion to: ∝或∞ parallel, is parallel to : ‖right angle: ∟perpendicular, is perpendicular to: ⊥circle, circumference: ○ellipse: 0diameter: θtriangle, delta : △pressure, influence: ⊥ (竖线为向下箭头) approximately, about, nearly, around, almost: ≈as always, 一直,总是,一贯:≡into:→contact, exchanges: ∞conflicts, disputes, contradictions: ><波折:<<belong to, is of ,of: ∈victory, win, success : Vby, with, %, in: /as always, hold on, persist, insist on :≡wonder, miracle : !About: @On the one hand:∕On the other hand: ∕Relation, relationship: &Not agree: NAgree: YFine, good: +Better, much better:++Bad, weak: -Worse, weaker: - -In conclusion : =>Empty: ORepresentative, delegation, delegation: △2. 货币:sterling, pound: £US dollar: US$renminbi: RMB: ¥Australian dollars: #AAustrian schillings: SchCanadian dollars: Can$Eurodollar: €口译笔记符号:缩略词缩略词的写法一般为四种方式:1..拿掉所有元音MKT: marketMGR: managerMSG: messageSTD: standardRCV: receive2. 保留前几个字母INFO:informationINS:insuranceEXCH:exchangeI owe you:IOUIn stead of :I/O3. 保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK weekRM roomPL people4. 根据发音R areTHO thoughTHRU through数学符号+ 表示"多": many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.++(+2) 表示"多"的比较级:more+3 表示"多"的最高级:most-表示"少": little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc.×表示"错误"、"失误"和"坏"的概念:wrong/incorrect,something bad,notorious,negative, etc.> 表示"多于"概念:bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.表示"高" 概念:superior to,surpass, etc.< 表示"少于"概念:less/smaller,etc.表示"低"概念:inferior to,etc.= 表示"同等"概念:means,that is to say,in other words,the same as,be equal to, etc.←→表示"对手"概念:a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc. ( ) 表示"在......之间":among, within, etc.≠ 表示"不同"概念:be different from, etc.~表示"大约"概念:about/around,or so,approximately, etc. / 表示"否定","消除"等概念:cross out, eliminate, etc.标点符号等: 表示各种各样"说"的动词:say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc.? 表示"问题":question,issue,例如:台湾问题:tw?. (dot) 点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样".d"表示yesterday, ".y"表示last year, ".2m"表示two month ago。
口译速记符号大全(超实用)
↑表示上升:up/upward/rise,increase,arise,ascend, etc. 表示发射、投放市场、发行:launch,open, start, etc. 表示发展、加强、推进:develop,strengthen, promote, etc 表示增长,进步等,如: increase , soar , mushroom , rocket , make progress… ↓下降,退步,恶化等,如 decrease , sink , slide , subside , plump , plunge , drop , degrade , deteriorate… >>表示"波折":ups and downs, twists and turns, etc. ﹢高兴,男性,同意,增加等,如 happy , male , agree , many , +2=more , +3=most , beneficial , good , beautiful , great , gorgeous…
-悲伤,女性,不同意,减少等,如 sad , female , disagree , little , few , 2=less , -3=least , lack of , short of… √同意,正确等,如: agree , correct , right… 表示"好的"状态,right/good,famous/wellknown,etc. ×不同意,错误等,如: disagree , incorrect…
⊙ 圆圈表示一个圆桌,中间一点表示一盆花,这个符号 圆圈表示一个圆桌,中间一点表示一盆花, 就可以表示会议、开会等: 就可以表示会议、开会等:meeting,conference, , , negotiation,seminar,discussion,symposium , , , O 圆圈代表地球,横线表示赤道,所以这个符号就可以表 圆圈代表地球,横线表示赤道, 示国际的、世界的、全球的等: 示国际的、世界的、全球的等 international, worldwide, global, universal, etc. T 表示 领导人 :leader, head那么 表示"领导人 领导人": 那么head of 那么 government, head of company 便可以表示为 CT C× 表示冲突,矛盾:conflict, confrontation "C×" × 表示冲突,矛盾: , × 中的"×"表示反对,字母"C"将反对的概念缩小为 中的 × 表示反对,字母 将反对的概念缩小为 表示反对 conflict 和 confrontation。 。
口译常用的笔记符号汇总
口译常用的笔记符号汇总一、前言口译笔记是一种有效的辅助工具,能够帮助译员记录关键信息,提高翻译的准确性和效率。
正确的笔记可以帮助译员在紧张的口译环境中保持清晰思维,避免因遗忘或疏忽而造成的错误。
本篇文档旨在汇总口译过程中常用的笔记符号,以便译员在实践中参考和使用。
二、笔记符号说明1.缩写词:用字母、数字等简洁形式记录单词或短语,如“u”代表“under”,“m”代表“meeting”。
2.符号:用各种符号记录概念、观点、人名等,如“△”代表“注意”,“☆”代表“重要”。
3.符号组合:将多个符号组合使用,表达更复杂的含义,如“⊙”+“b”+“√”代表“乙方已确认”。
4.线条:用线条记录时间和空间信息,如“↑”代表时间推进,“●”代表地点。
5.特殊符号:用特殊符号记录特殊概念或情况,如“*”代表突发情况,“#”代表需要特别关注的人或事。
6.标注:在单词、短语或句子旁边添加注释,如“注意语法”、“需要核实信息”。
三、笔记符号分类1.词汇类:包括名词、动词、形容词、副词等基本词汇的记录,如“公司”、“讨论”、“热情”、“快速”。
2.句式类:包括常用句型、表达方式、习惯用语的记录,如“如果…就…”,“预期效果是…”。
3.人名地名类:包括人名、地名等专有名词的记录,如“张三”、“北京”、“上海”。
4.特殊符号类:包括数字、货币、度量衡等特殊概念的记录,如“100元”,“50公斤”。
5.时间空间类:包括时间、日期、星期、月份、季节、天气等空间信息的记录,如“今天星期四”,“会议在会议室进行”。
四、常见笔记符号示例1.缩写词示例:“d=day,n=night,e=email”2.符号示例:“▲=减慢速度,●=暂停”,“※=重要信息”,“$=货币符号”,“※+手+√=手记确认”3.符号组合示例:“※+笔+√=需要记录的信息”,“●+椅子+√=休息地点”4.标注示例:“√=已同意”,“?=需要进一步确认”,“↑=增加音量”,“↓=降低音量”5.时间空间示例:“↑9:00”,“↓会议室”,“#主席台”五、总结口译过程中,正确的笔记可以帮助译员快速记录关键信息,提高翻译效率。
口译中简单而常用的57种速记符号
大于>同意Y问题、疑问?接触、交往∞小于<上升、增加↑和、与&分歧⊥小于或等于≢下降、减少↓结论是=>非常、十分重要**大于或等于≣强、好+促进、发展↗坚持≡等于、意味着=更强、更好++国家□关键!不等于≠弱、差-国与国□/□奇观!约等于≈更弱、更差――原因←有关@遗憾、悲哀;因为∵导致、结果→替换为∽高兴、荣兴(所以∴对立、冲突><但是‖错误、否、不、否定×优秀★波折<<与……比较而言∥正确、对、好、肯定√属于↔会议、会面⊙空洞○不同意N胜利V进入∩代表△口译成功与否在很大程度上取决于译员在口译表达前对感知的信息进行记录的能力。
记录分为“脑记”和“笔记”两种。
人脑的记忆由短时记忆和长时记忆两部分组成。
顾名思义,短时记忆是一种操作性的暂时记忆,长时记忆属于一种储存性的永久记忆。
影响一个人短时记忆的因素很多,其中最主要的因素是记忆内容的意义性。
即便是当感知的信息有意义时,人的短时记忆只可容纳由二十多个单词组成的句子,或者一组十位数的数字。
因此,对于口译工作者来说,完全依赖人脑的记忆能力是危险的,记笔记便显得十分重要。
一、做口译笔记时的注意事项1.口译笔记应记要点,切忌求记“全”。
口译笔记是记忆的延伸或补充,不应也不必取代记忆。
口译笔记的主要内容是概念、命题、名称、数字、组织机构和逻辑关系(如大小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果关系等),笔记单位以表达意群的词语和符号为主。
2.口译笔记求快求精,但不可潦草。
3.口译笔记可使用来源语,也可使用目标语,也可以双语兼用。
只要有利于口译的准确性和流利性,不必拘泥于某种文字或符号。
例如,“联合国大会”可笔录为“UN”或“联大”。
4.口译笔记使用大量常见略语,例如:二、常用速记符号速记是一项特殊的技巧,速记语言是由一套完整的符号组成的体系。
在口译实践中逐步掌握一些简单的速记符号是有益的。
2011年中高级口译常见新闻英语词汇合集所属:口译阅读:953次评论:1条[我要评论]摘要:本文总结了中高级口译中最新的常见新闻英语词汇,希望能对同学们有所帮助。
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口译速记(short-handing)符号一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高,如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词,会对考试和实操大有裨益。
缩略词的写法一般为四种方式:1.拿掉所有元音MKT: marketMGR: managerMSG: messageSTD: standardRCV: receive2.保留前几个字母INFO :informationINS :insuranceEXCH exchangeI owe you IOUIn stead of I/O3保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK:weekRM:roomPL:people4.根据发音R :areTHO:thoughTHRU:through高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表缩略词原词APT :ApartmentACC:AccountantACDG :AccordingACPT: AcceptAD :AdvertisementADS :AddressADV:AdviceAMAP :As much/many as possibleAMT:AmountAPV :ApproveASAP :As soon as possibleBLDG :BuildingCERT CertificateCFM :ConformCNCL :CancelCNF:ConferenceCMI :CommissionCMP :CompleteCMPE :Compete/competitiveCMU :CommunicationCONC :Concern/concerning/concerned COND :ConditionCO. :CompanyDEPT:DepartmentDISC :DisqueEXCH:ExchangeEXPLN:ExplainEXT:ExtentFLT :FinalFRT:FreightFYR :For your referenceGD :GoodGUAR :GuaranteeH.O. Home officeINFO :InformationIMPS :ImpossibleIMP(T):ImportantINCD :IncludeINDIV :IndividualINS:InsuranceINTST :InterestedI/O :In stead ofIOU :I owe youIVO:In view ofMANUF :ManufactureMDL :ModelMEMO :MemorandumMGR :MangerMIN :MinimumMKT :MarketMSG :MessageNCRY :NecessaryNLT :No later thanOBS :ObserveORD :OrdinaryPAT :PatentPC :PiecePKG :PackingPL :PeoplePLS :PleasePOSN:PositionPOSS(BL):PossiblePROD:ProductQLTY:QualityQUTY:QuantityRCV:ReceiveREF :ReferenceREGL :RegularREP :RepresentativeRESN:ReservationRPT :RepeatRESPON :ResponsibleSEC:SectionSITN :SituationSTD :StandardTEL :TelephoneTEMP :TemporaryTGM :TelegraphTHO :ThoughTKS :ThanksTRD :TradeTRF:TrafficTTL :TotalU :YouUR :YourWK :WeekWL :WillWT :WeightXL:Extra large二、字母、图像Z 表示"人"people/person,因为"Z"看上去像个人头,它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。
例如:日本人:JZ。
C 表示政府,统治:government,govern 希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用C 来表示govern, government。
governmental official 可以表示为CZP 表示政治:politics, political希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political。
那么politician就可以表示为PZE 表示总数:total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E 数学符号表示总值。
G 表示效率:efficient, effective。
G为效率符号。
Q 表示"通货膨胀":inflation因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。
A 表示农业: agriculture. agriculture经常用到,所以用首字母代替。
B 表示商业:business。
C×表示冲突,矛盾:conflict,confrontation "C×"中的"×"表示反对,字母"C"将反对的概念缩小为conflict 和confrontation。
W 表示工作,职业: work, employ 等。
它是work的第一个字母。
所以WZ就可以用来表示worker, 而W(Z在字母上方表示employer, 在字母下方表示employee)。
i 表示工业: industry, industrial 字母i 像只烟囱,所以用来可以用来表示工业。
U U 看酷似一个酒杯,在笔记中表示合同、协议(treaty, agreement)一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示"举杯祝贺"。
如果在U内填入2××××,就可以表示为bilateral(双边的), 填入3表示为trilateral(三边的)。
填入在U中填入1表示: Unilateralism(单边主义),填入m (multiple) 表示多边主义。
如果在U上加一个"/"××××表示谈判破裂。
O 表示"国家"、"民族"、"领土"等:country, state, nation, etc.gO表示进口,Og表示出口H这个符号酷似一把椅子,可以表示主持、主办:chair, host, preside over。
那么在此符号上加Z表示主席,主持人:chairman, host, etc.T 表示"领导人":leader, head那么head of government, head of company 便可以表示为CT ⊙圆圈表示一个圆桌,中间一点表示一盆花,这个符号就可以表示会议、开会等:meeting,conference,negotiation,seminar,discussion,symposiumk 这个符号看上像条鱼,所以表示"捕鱼业"等合fishery 有关的词汇。
O 圆圈代表地球,横线表示赤道,所以这个符号就可以表示国际的、世界的、全球的等: international, worldwide, global, universal, etc.J 表示开心:pleasant, joyful,happy,excited, etc.L 表示不满、生气unsatisfied, discomfort, angry, sad, etc.EO 表示听到、总所周之:as we all know, as is known to all, as you have already heard of, etc.O 表示漠不关心、无动于衷:indifferent, apathetic, unconcern, don't care much, etc四、数学符号+ 表示"多": many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.++(+2) 表示"多"的比较级:more+3 表示"多"的最高级:most-表示"少": little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc.×表示"错误"、"失误"和"坏"的概念:wrong/incorrect,something bad,notorious,negative, etc.> 表示"多于"概念:bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.表示"高" 概念:superior to,surpass, etc.< 表示"少于"概念:less/smaller,etc.表示"低"概念:inferior to,etc.= 表示"同等"概念:means,that is to say,in other words,the same as,be equal to, etc.表示"对手"概念:a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.( ) 表示"在......之间":among, within, etc.≠表示"不同"概念:be different from, etc.表示"无敌"概念:matchless, peerless, etc.~表示"大约"概念:about/around,or so,approximately, etc./ 表示"否定","消除"等概念:cross out, eliminate, etc.五、标点等: 表示各种各样"说"的动词:say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc.? 表示"问题":question,issue,例如:台湾问题:tw?. (dot) 这个"."点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样".d"表示yesterday, ".y"表示last year, ".2m"表示two month ago。