初中常见动词短语分类辨析
中考英语动词分类及短语
中考专题动词的分类及动词短语第一讲动词的分类【中考解】【考点分布】 1. 2.系 3.助 4.情【考点内容】掌握中及物和不及物的法作用和延性的用法，牢系和助基本用法及情的辨析与运用。
【命】 1.察看在特别境中、系、助及情的运用2.的辨析【定】：表示作和状的【分】：依照其和在句中的作用可分：、系、助和情一、系动词系有必然的，不仅不完满，不能够独作，必和表一起构成，明主的状、性、特色或身份。
详尽分下表功能例表示状表示主所的状am, is, are, was, were的 be表示持表示主或保持某种身份或状keep, remain, stay, stand, lie 的系表示感官表示人体感官的系look, feel, smell, taste, sound 的系表示状表示主从一种状到另一种状的系She is a friendly girl and always gets on well with others. 她很友好，是能和人友好相。
She more beautiful than three years ago. 她比三年前漂亮多了。
The window remained open all the night. 扇窗子通宵开着。
The food in that restaurant looks delicious, but it tastes bad.那家餐的食品看起来不，但起来吃。
【注意】：（ 1）一般情况下，系没有被形式。
（ 2）表示状的系一般不用于行（feel 除外）；化系表示“ ⋯⋯”，可用于行。
It ’s getting warmer and warmer.天气得暖和。
7、— The oranges ____________sweet.—Of course. They are from Yongxing, Chenzhou.A. tasteB. eatC. drink9、— Why do you ______ so upset?—D. feel二、助动词助动词：自己没有词义，不能够单独作谓语，只能和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语，以表示时态、语态、语气、人称和数，构成否定、疑问、重申、省略等。
动词和动词短语-考点精讲
考点八动词和动词短语命题趋势：动词是用来描述主语的动作行为或状态的一类词。
动词在句中作谓语，用来说明主语是什么、处于什么状态或做什么。
动词有不同的形式，这些形式体现了动作发生的时间、语态等信息。
中考对动词的考查方式灵活、题型多样。
在备战2020年中考时，考生要牢记近义动词及动词短语的不同含义，多做练习，在实践中加以区分。
中考考查重点：1. 动词辨析；2. 动词短语辨析。
考向一：动词的分类考向二：实义动词考向三：连系动词（2021·青海中考真题）Mom is cooking chicken soup, it _____ so good. A．sounds B．tastes C．smells 考向四：助动词考向五：动词的甚本形式考向六：动词短语（2021·江苏盐城市·中考真题）—Hello! I’d like to speak to the Customer Service Department.1．（2021·辽宁中考真题）These photos ______ the doctors’ unusual working experiences.A．record B．receive C．remember D．realize2．（2021·辽宁中考真题）Our national hero Yue Fei ______ to devote （贡献）himself to the country at a young age.A．failed B．forgot C．promised D．refused3．（2021·辽宁丹东市·中考真题）Mother’s Day ______ us once every year to be thankful to mothers. A．reminds B．warns C．requires D．promises4．（2021·辽宁丹东市·中考真题）Abing’s Erquan Yingyue ______ sad and moving.A．looks B．sounds C．smells D．tastes5．（2021·江苏常州市·中考真题）Don’t ______ your child with others because every child is a treasure. A．compare B．complain C．contact D．consider6．（2021·湖南郴州市·中考真题）—Whose skirt is this?—It ______ be Carol’s. She is the only girl in the team.A．mightB．needC．must7．（2021·辽宁中考真题）Sit down, please. You ______ be tired after standing for so long.A．could B．can C．must D．might8．（2021·辽宁中考真题）Don’t you know passengers ______ smoke on high-speed trains？A．needn’t B．mustn’t C．wouldn’t D．couldn’t9．（2021·辽宁丹东市·中考真题）—Look! There are so many people in the restaurant.—Yes. The food there ______ be delicious.A．shouldn’t B．can’t C．must D．need10．（2021·江苏常州市·中考真题）—Could you play the piano at the age of five?—No, I ______. I started at six.A．can’t B．shouldn’t C．needn’t D．couldn’t11．（2021·辽宁中考真题）—Sam, let’s ______ these old things. I don’t need them anymore.12A．separate from B．deal withC．believe in D．depend on13．（2021·湖北鄂州市·中考真题）—Why does Linda dislike me?—I don’t know. You’ll have to ______ the reason yourself.A．go out B．bring out C．come out D．find out14．（2021·辽宁丹东市·中考真题）I’ll go to senior high school soon. I can’t believe how fast the time ______! A．went on B．went off C．went by D．went out15．（2021·辽宁丹东市·中考真题）If you ______ his invitation, he will be unhappy.A．cut down B．write down C．take down D．turn down16．（2021·广西玉林市·中考真题）—Why did he ______ your invitation that day?—Because he had an important meeting.A．turn down B．put away C．turn up D．cut down17．（2021·江苏常州市·中考真题）My cousin is creative enough to ______ the new challenging task.A．take on B．take out C．put up D．put in1．（2020·浙江·乐清市乐成公立寄宿学校一模）—I’m sorry, Mr Hu. I ________ my English book at home,—It doesn’t matter. Please remember ________ it here this morning.A．forgot; to bring B．left; to take C．forgot; to take D．left; to bring2．（2020·江苏·扬州教育学院附中一模）—I hope Bob won’t ________ my invit ation. How I wish he could come to the party!—It’s hard to say. He left his plane ticket at home when he went to the airport last time.A．forget B．remember C．refuse D．accept3．（2020·浙江·乐清市乐成公立寄宿学校一模）—Whose cap is it? Is it Cindy’s?— It ________ be hers. Don’t you remember she even didn’t come to the party?A．can’t B．might C．may not D．must4．（2021·浙江·温州市第十二中学二模）—Jack, let’s go to the cinema after school.5—If you set your mind on it, you should find a way to ________ it.A．choose B．remember C．achieve D．suppose6．（2021·江苏扬州·三模）A hard-working man ________ become a great scientist, but a great scientist ________ be a hard-working man.A．can’t; can B．may not; must C．can’t; must D．may not; can7．（2021·河北石家庄·模拟预测）—________ you give me a hand? I can’t move the box by myself.—No problem.A．Could B．Should C．Must D．Need8．（2021·江苏·淮阴中学新城校区一模）—What is that young lady’s job?—She ________ be a nurse, I’m not sure.A．must B．may C．need D．would9．（2021·江苏·无锡市江南中学二模）According to the rule, used batteries ________ be dropped in the red bin for harmful wastes.A．may B．would C．should D．might10．（2020·江苏·仪征市实验初中三模）— Listen! Tom ________ be listening to the music while doing his homework.—Let’s go upstairs to remind him to turn it off.A．should B．could C．would D．must11．（2020·黑龙江·哈尔滨市光华中学校三模）—Look at my new shoes. It cost eight hundred dollars.—Eight hundred dollars for a pair of shoes? You ________ be joking.A．can B．should C．must12．（2020·湖南·长沙市雅礼实验中学一模）— The work ________ in two hours.—No problem. Let’s do it now.A．should have finished B．must be finished C．must finish13．（2020·山东·东营市实验中学三模）—Let’s ________ this box of old things and decide what to give away.—This old bread maker! Aunt Tang bought a new one for me.A．look for B．look through C．look forward to D．look up1415．（2020·浙江·乐清市乐成公立寄宿学校一模）We were looking forward to seeing the three film stars in today’s concert, but to our great disappointment, only one ________.A．grew up B．showed up C．woke up D．got up16．（2021·江苏·高港实验学校二模）A new high-speed railway station ________ Taixing ________ Shanghai will be built soon.A．connecting; to B．connected; to C．connects; with D．connected; and17．（2021·河北石家庄·模拟预测）By the end of 2025, garbage-sorting system will be ________ in Shijiazhuang. A．set up B．given up C．shut off D．brought out18．（2021·江苏·淮阴中学新城校区一模）— Excuse me, which is the way to Kaiming Middle School?—________ this street, and you’ll find it on your right.A．Write down B．Go down C．Lie down D．Sit down19．（2021·江苏·无锡市江南中学二模）—What can I do for you, Linda?—I hope you can help me ________ the useless words in my article.A．make up B．cut out C．turn off D．put up20．（2020·广东·深圳市耀华实验学校二模）— Simon knows a lot. When we ________, he is always a good guide.—That’s w hy we all want to travel with him.A．go shopping B．go sightseeing C．go on picnics考点八动词和动词短语命题趋势：动词是用来描述主语的动作行为或状态的一类词。
重难点08 动词和动词短语-2023年中考英语【热点重点难点】专练(全国通用)(解析版)
专项一词汇重难点08动词和动词短语1.实义动词1.1.常考动词的用法辨析（1)look,see,watch,read的区别：（3)borrow,lend,keep的区别：1.2.及物动词和不及物动词（1)及物动词：可接单宾语、双宾语和复合宾语结构。
When someone gives me money, I feel they don't think at all.give后接双宾语（间接宾语＋直接宾语）当有人给我钱时，我感觉他们根本就没有思考。
We elected him monitor of our class.elect后接复合宾语（宾语＋宾补）我们选他当我们班的班长。
（2)不及物动词：不及物动词后面一般不可以直接接宾语，但有时不及物动词和介词或副词一起使用，构成动词短语，此时其后可以接宾语。
What will happen without electricity?没有电，会发生什么？I'm waiting for the bus.我正在等公交车。
1.3.延续性动词和非延续性动词（1)延续性动词表示一种可持续的行为过程或状态，可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
而非延续性动词表示行为或过程在短暂瞬间内完成，不可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已经开始10分钟了。
The film began ten minutes ago.电影10分钟之前就开始了。
（2)延续性动词和非延续性动词的转换：连系动词指连接主语和表语的动词，主要用来说明主语的身份、性质、特征或状态。
连系动词只有主动形式。
2.助动词助动词本身没有词义或意义不完整，不能单独作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语，表示时态、语态、语气等，帮助构成否定、疑问、强调或省略等。
3.1.助动词be的用法be用作助动词和用作连系动词一样，有人称、数和时态的变化，主要用来构成进行时态和被动语态。
初中英语动词及动词短语考点
初中英语动词及动词考点1动词的基本框架动词包括实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。
(一)实义动词实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。
按其句法功能可分为及物动词和不及物动词;按其持续性可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。
1.及物动词：及物动词本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。
(1)动词+宾语I like this book very much.我非常喜欢这本书。
(2)动词+宾语+宾补We call the bird Polly.我们叫这只鸟Polly。
I saw the children play in the park yesterday.昨天我看见孩子们在公园玩。
注意:用省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有:have,see,watch,notice,hear等。
(3)动词+间接宾语+直接宾语Please pass me the salt.请把盐递给我。
常见的带双宾语的动词有:give,bring,buy,get,leave,lend,make,offer,pass,teach,tell等。
2.不及物动词不及物动词自身意思完整,不用接宾语。
Horses run fast.马跑得快。
(1)有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。
We study English.我们学习英语。
(及物动词)We study hard.我们努力学习。
(不及物动词)(2)有些不及物动词与一些别的词搭配在一起构成动词短语,它的作用相当于一个及物动词。
①动词+介词Listen to the teacher carefully.仔细听老师讲。
此类动词短语后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词,都只能放在介词后面,不能放在动词和介词之间。
②动词+副词+介词Let’s go on with our work!让我们继续我们的工作吧!He gets along well with his classmates.他与他的同学们相处得很好。
动词词组及词义辨析
动词词组及词义辨析1．不同的动词，后面加上相同的小品词1）动词+away构成的短语有：throw away扔掉；put away把……收拾好；give away捐赠，分发；carry away运走；run away，潜逃；跑开；go away走开等。
2）动词+for构成的短语有：answer for负责；provide for供养；call for提倡，要求；plan for打算，为……计划；hope for 希望，期待；ask for请求，寻找；需要；send for派人去请；go for努力获取；pay for偿还，赔偿；wait for等待；look for寻找等。
3）动词+on构成的短语有：try on试穿，试验；put on穿上，上演；hold on不挂断，停止；carry on继续开展，坚持；keep on继续；go on继续；get on上(车、船)；come on赶快等。
4）动词+over构成的短语有：come over过来；hand over移交；go over仔细检查，复习；get over克服，恢复；look over 检查；think over仔细考虑；take over接受，接管；turn over翻转等。
5）动词+up构成的短语有：bring up抚育，培养；call up召唤，打电话给；come up走进，上来；cut up切碎：fix up. 修理；give up放弃；go up上升，增长；grow up长大；look up尊敬；向上看；查寻；make up 虚构；弥补，组成；put up举起，搭建；pick up捡起，(开车)接某人，偶然得到；set up建立，创(纪录)；send up发射；show up揭露，露面；turn up出现，把……调高一点；take up 占据，开始从事等。
6）动词+out构成的短语有：go out出去，熄灭；look out留神，当心；walk out走出；set out出发，开始：put out扑灭，生产；give out发出，发表；hand out分发；pick out挑选;find out找出，发现；speak out 大声地说出；turn out生产，打扫；get out出去，离开；work out计算出，解决，锻炼； carry out 实现，执行；bring out出版，start out出发，动身等。
常用动词辨析及常见多义词
常用动词辨析：1．七穿：put on，wear，have on，dress，be in，pull on，try onυ dress作及物动词时，意思是“给……穿衣服”，可跟别人，也可跟反身代词。
dress既可表示状态，也可表示动作。
be dressed in和be in后常接颜色一类的名词或衣服名称。
wear和haveυ on都表示状态。
Wear用于一般式时表示经常的穿戴情况，用于进行式时表示暂时的穿戴情况。
have on不用于进行时态。
put on表示动作，其反义词为take off。
have on、wear、put on可广义地用于穿（戴）衣服、袜、鞋、手套、首饰、眼镜等。
pull on表示动作迅速，其反义词为“pullυoff”。
try on、fit … on表示穿戴的动作，意为“试穿（衣服）、试戴（帽子）”。
2．三建议：advise，persuade，suggestυ advise表示“劝说、建议”，而persuade表示“说服”的结果和结论。
搭配：advise sb. (not) to doυ sth.，advise doing sth.，advise that-clause（虚拟语气），persuade sb. (not) to do sth.，persuade / talk sb. into doing sth.，persuade sb. out of doing sth.，persuade sb. of sth.（使某人想起某事），suggest doing sth.，suggest that-clause（虚拟语气或不用）3．三个看起来：seem，look，appear以上三个词都可表示“好像”，而且往往可以相互替换。
但是look强调根据外部表象作出的判断；seem强调说话人的主观判断；appear表示根据外部表象作出判断时，等于look，但appear有时说明外部表象是一种假象。
中考英语必考动词的分类及辨析
在英语中，动词的使用形式变化多样，与汉语语法截然不同，因此成为我们学习中的一大难点。
由近几年中考题可以看出动词为单项选择题的必考点，尤其是对动词短语的考查，偏向take、turn、put、down 等。
考查形式主要集中在三个方面：①同一动词+不同介词；②不同动词+同一介词；③不同动词+不同介词。
对动词的考查侧重感官系动词词义的辨析，也偶尔涉及实义动词的辨析。
设题形式均为简单句。
一、系动词系动词不能单独作谓语，必须跟表语一起构成谓语。
常用的系动词分类如下：(1)be动词：am, is, are, was, were(2)感官类：look, sound, smell, taste, feel(3)变化类：become, get, grow, go, turn(4)状态类：keep, stay二、助动词助动词本身没有词义，不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词一起构成谓语，表示时态、语态、语气等特征，共同构成否定、疑问、强调、省略等句子。
主要的助动词有be, have, has, had, do, does, did, will, would 和shall等。
三、实义动词实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。
按其语法作用分为及物动词和不及物动词；按其持续性可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。
1.及物动词及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。
（1）动词+宾语如：Can you open the window?（2）动词+宾语+宾补如：We call him Bill.I saw Tom play in the park yesterday.注意：用省略to的不定式或现在分词作宾补的动词有make, let, see, watch, hear, notice等。
（3）动词+间接宾语+直接宾语如：May I ask you a question?Please pass me the book.常见的带双宾语的动词有：give, bring, buy, get, lend, offer, pass, teach, tell, write, return等。
中考重点常见词汇和短语的辨析
中考重点常见词汇和短语的辨析随着中考的来临，对于考生来说，熟练掌握常见词汇和短语的辨析是非常重要的。
在考试中，常常会出现多个相似意义的词汇和短语，如果不能准确辨析它们，就很容易出错。
因此，在备考期间，我们应该加强对这些词汇和短语的辨析能力的训练。
一、辨析形容词similar与same1. similar意为“相似的”，强调相似而不完全相同。
例：His new car is similar to mine, but it's a different color.2. same则意为“相同的”，完全一样，没有任何差别。
例：Our bikes are the same. We bought them together.二、辨析动词borrow与lend1. borrow表示“借入”，指借别人的东西。
例：Could I borrow your pen? I forgot to bring mine.2. lend表示“借出”，指把自己的东西借给别人。
例：Can you lend me your book? I want to read it.三、辨析介词beside与besides1. beside意为“在……旁边”，常用于表示位置。
例：The cat is sitting beside the table.2. besides意为“除了……之外”，常用于表示除了某事物或某人之外还有其他的事物或人。
例：Besides apples, we also have oranges.四、辨析动词learn与teach1. learn表示“学习”，指通过努力和训练获取新的知识或技能。
例：I learn English every day.2. teach表示“教”，指教授知识或技能给他人。
例：She teaches us math every Monday.五、辨析连词unless与if1. unless意为“除非”，相当于if not。
常见短语动词的分类和考点例析
分析 run out意思是“（某物）用完了”，是不及物短语动词，不能使用被动形式。所以“我汽车汽油用完了”应该为“the gasoline in my car ran out”，相当于“the gasoline in my car was run out of”。run across意思是“偶然碰见”，在此不符合题意。答案为C。
分析 本题是关于take构成的短语动词辨析：take in“收留；理解；包括；欺骗”；take on“开始雇用，呈现”； take to“喜欢；沉溺于；开始从事”，和take up的意思接近；take from“选自于”。本句的意思是“令我很高兴的是妻子开始喜欢六点起来慢跑了”。答案为C。
A. was broken in
B. broke into
C. was broken out
D. broke out
3. Before the final examination most students stayed up late. No wonder some of them ____.
C. on designingD. from designing
分析 本题要表达的意思是 “当我们完成我们方案的时候，他们还没有着手设计计划”。短语动词get down to(开始，着手)中的to是介词，其后的动词应该使用ing形式。答案为B。
（五） 动词+名词+介词
常见短语
get up（起床）；break out(爆发)；come up（出现,发生）；come out（出版,发行,显露）；carry out（实施）；carry away(带走)；hand down（传递）；give up（放弃）；look out（当心）；look up(查阅)；make up(构成)；pick up(捡起；)run out（用完）；take off（起飞）； turn up(出现,到场)；set up(创建)；wash up(洗刷)；look around(环视)。
初中英语常用动词搭配及动词短语以及辨析.doc
初中英语常用动词搭配1.动词后接 to doask sb. to do sth.请（叫）某人做某事tell sb to do sth告诉某人做某事order sb to do sth.命令某人做某事want sb to do sth.想要做某事help sb. (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事wish sb to do sth.希望某人做某事would like to do sth.想要做某事invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事drive sb. to do sth .驱使某人做某事expect sb. to do sth.期待某人做某事forbid sb. to do sth.制止某人做某事force sb. to do sth.强迫某人做某事hope to do sth.希望做某事offer to do sth.主动提出做某事plan to do sth.计划做某事prepare to do sth.预备做某事pretend to do sth.假装做某事promise to do sth.许诺做某事decide to do sth.决定做某事refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事fail to do sth.未能做某事happen to do sth.碰巧做某事need sb to do sth需要某人做某事2.动词后接 ingconsider doing sth.考虑做某事enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事escape doing sth.逃脱做某事feel like doing sth.想要做某事finish doing sth.完成做某事give up doing sth.放弃做某事imagine doing sth.想象做某事mind doing sth.介意做某事practice doing sth.练习做某事prevent doing sth.阻止做某事put off doing sth.推迟做某事risk doing sth.冒险做某事forbid doing sth.制止做某事forgive doing sth.原谅做某事stop doing阻止某人做某事appreciate doing sth.感激做某事suggest doing sth.建议做某事be/get used to doing sth.习惯做某事pay attention to doing注意做某事avoid doing避免做某事3.动词后既接 to 又接 ing(1) remember to do sth.记得要做某事remember doing sth.记得做过某事(2) forget to do sth.忘记要做某事forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(3) regret to do sth.遗憾要做某事regret doing sth.遗憾做过某事(4) try to do sth.尽力做某事try doing sth.试着做某事(5) stop to do sth.停下来去做某事stop doing sth.停止做（正在做的）某事(6) mean to do sth.打算做某事mean doing sth.意味着做某事(7 ) can ’t help to do sth.不能帮助做某事can’t help doing sth.情不自禁做某事(8) go on/continue to do sth.继续做另一件事go on/continue doing sth.继续做同一件事(9) like/love/hate to do sth具体活动（一次性）like/love/hate doing sth表示习惯（一贯性）(10) need/want to do sth.想要做某事（主动）need/want doing sth.想要被做（被动）(11) allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事allow doing sth允许做某事(12) advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事advise doing sth.建议做某事(13) encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事encourage doing sth.(14) permit sb to do sth 某事permit doing sth鼓励做某事允许某人做允许做某事(1) let sb. do sth.(2) make sb. do sth.=make sth done(3) have sb. do sth.=have sth done让某人做某事使某人做某事使某人做某事4.动词后接动词原形 do(4) see sb. do sth. 看见某人做过某事see sb. doing 看见某人正在做某事(5) hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做过某事hear sb. doing 听见某人正在做某事(6) find sb. do sth. 发现某人做过某事find sb. doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事(7) watch sb. do sth. 察看某人做某事(8) had batter do sth. 最好做某事4.接双宾语( 一 ) 双宾语易位时需借助介词to 的常用动词（多表示动词的方向）bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人hand sb. sth. =hand sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人mail sb. sth. = mail sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 将某物给某人pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人pay sb. sth. = pay sth. to sb. 付给某人某物（钱）read sb. sth. = read sth. to sb. 把某物读给某人听return sb. sth. = return sth. to sb. 把某物还给某人sell sb. sth. = sell sth. to sb. 把某物卖给某人send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 拿某物给某人看take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb. 把某物拿给某人teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb. 教某人某物tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某情况throw sb. sth. = throw sth. to sb. 把某物扔给某人write sb. sth. = write sth. to sb. 给某人写信( 二 ) 双宾语易位时需借助介词for 的常用动词（多表示动词的目的）book sb. sth. = book sth. for sb. 为某人预定某物buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物choose sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb. 为某人选某物cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb. 为某人煮某物draw sb. sth. = draw sth. for sb. 为某人画某物find sb. sth. = find sth. for sb. 为某人找到某物get sb. sth. = get sth. for sb. 为某人拿来某物make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 为某人做某物order sb. sth. = order sth. for sb.为某人订购某物pick sb. sth. = pick sth. for sb.为某人采摘某物prepare sb. sth. = prepare sth. for sb.为某人准备某物save sb. sth. = save sth. for sb.为某人留某物sing sb. sth. = sing sth. for sb.为某人唱某物（歌）steal sb. sth. = steal sth. for sb.为某人偷某物初中英语常用动词短语整理5.Be 动词结构be able to do 能够做⋯⋯be afraid to do ( 内心 ) 害怕不敢做某事be afraid of doing 担心出现 doing 的状况、结果be angry with 对⋯⋯生气be at home = stay at home待在家里be back/in/out 回来 / 在家 / 外出be bad for 对⋯⋯有害be busy doing/with sth 忙于做⋯⋯ ( 忙于⋯⋯ )be careful of 当心，注意，仔细be covered with 被⋯⋯覆盖be different from 与⋯⋯不同be famous/known as 作为⋯⋯出名be famous/known for 以⋯⋯而著名be free 空闲的，有空be friendly/kind to 对⋯⋯友好be from = come from 来自⋯，什么地方人be full of/filled with 装满⋯⋯be good at= do well in 擅长于⋯be good for 对⋯⋯有好处be (ill) in bed 卧病在床be interested in 对⋯⋯感兴趣be in trouble 处于困境中be late for 迟到be mad at 对⋯⋯生气be made from/of 由⋯⋯制成be made in 在⋯⋯地方制造be made up of 由⋯⋯构成be on 在进行，在上演，（灯）亮着be pleased with 对⋯感到高兴be polite/impolite to 对某人有礼貌 / 不礼貌be popular with受⋯⋯欢迎；be proud of对⋯⋯感到自豪be ready for为⋯⋯作好准备be satisfied with对⋯⋯感到满意（高兴）be surprised (at)对⋯⋯感到惊讶be strict in sth.对某事严格be strict with sb.对某人严格be supposed to do sth.应该做某事be used for doing被用来做某事be used to do被用来做某事be used to doing习惯于be worried about =be anxious about担忧6.短语（首字母排列）aim at针对⋯agree with sb.同意某人的意见或建议ask for请求、索要ask for a day off请一天假add⋯ to ⋯把⋯和⋯加起来achieve a victory取得胜利arrive in到达﹙大地方﹚arrive at到达﹙小地方﹚argue with与⋯争吵apologize to向⋯道歉break up with sb. 与某人断绝关系break out 爆发break down 出毛病，拆开break off 解散，解雇break the rule 违规break into 破门而入believe in 信任begin/start with以⋯开始belong to属于⋯built ⋯ into ⋯把⋯建成⋯base on 以⋯为基础borrow ⋯ from ⋯向⋯借⋯⋯come into being 形成、出现come true 实现come for a visit 来参观come on 快，走吧，跟我来come back 回来come to do sth. 逐渐做某事come about 发生come from 来自⋯come up with 提出主意想法come along 出现、发生come over 过来come into 进入⋯里come in 进来come out 出来，出现，出版come out of 从⋯里出来catch up with 赶上⋯catch a fire 着火catch hold of 抓住⋯catch a bus 赶公共汽车cut up 切碎cut in half 切成半cut off 切断﹙电源、水源﹚cut in line 插队care for 关心、关爱care about 在意call for 号召call back 回电话call at sp. 拜访某地call on sb. 拜访某人call out 呼喊call up 给⋯打电话call sb. at some number 给某人打某个号码calm down 镇静下来communicate with 与⋯交流complain about 抱怨⋯can’ t wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事clean up清理、打扫干净carry out执行connect⋯to⋯ 把⋯和⋯连起来chat on line网上聊天check over检查drop by 顺便拜访drop out of school 辍学drop litter 丢垃圾do an experiment 做实验do an operation on sb.给某人做手术do sth. in person 亲自做某事do business 做生意do exercise 做操do with=deal with 处理do wrong 做错事do one ’ s homework =do one ’lesson 做作业do some sports做运动do morning exercises做早操do well in做得好，擅长于do the dishes洗餐具do one ’ s best to do sth.尽力做某事do some cleaning扫除do some reading读书do some shopping购物do some cooking做饭do the laundry洗衣服do some chores做杂务disagree with sb. 不同意某人意见describe ⋯ as⋯把⋯描绘为⋯die of 死于﹙直接内因，如疾病、饥渴﹚die from 死于﹙间接外因，如车祸、天灾﹚die out 灭绝drive sb. crazy 使某人发疯drive to ⋯开车去⋯divide ⋯ into ⋯把⋯分成⋯depend on 依赖⋯decide on sth. 对⋯⋯做决定dry out 干涸dry up 烘干dream of梦想⋯draw up 起草、拟定dress up装扮、打扮e-mail sb.给某人发电子邮件enjoy oneself玩得愉快enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事end up doing sth.结束做某事explain to sb sth=explain sth. to sb.向某人解释某事eat up吃光fall behind 落后fall off 从⋯⋯掉下fall down 滑到，倒下（后接宾语要加from ）fall over 向前摔倒、跌倒fall into 落入；陷入fall ill 病倒fall asleep 入睡fall in love with 爱上、迷恋fight against 与⋯作斗争follow the rules 遵守规则fail the exam 考试不及格find out 查明﹙原因、真相﹚feel like doing 想做某事fly a kite 放风筝fly to 乘飞机去⋯fit into ⋯适应⋯fill in =fill out 填充填写fill ⋯ with ⋯用⋯填⋯feel sorry for 因⋯而难过fold the clothes 叠衣服get on上﹙车、船、飞机等﹚get off下﹙车、船、飞机等﹚get up起来、起床get good grades取得好成绩get over客服get rid of除掉⋯get to到达get out of从⋯里出来get into进入get in the way of 妨碍get together 聚会get into trouble 陷入困境get out of trouble 脱离困境get used to ﹙ doing ﹚sth. 习惯﹙做﹚某事get to do sth. 着手做某事get ready for 为⋯做准备get sb. into trouble 使某人陷入困境get away from 远离⋯get a sore back 背痛get back to sb. 过会儿与某人通话﹙打电话用语﹚get on/along well with 与相处⋯融洽get to know 认识get married to 与某人结婚get in touch with 与⋯取得联系go ahead 先走，向前走，去吧，干吧go to ⋯去⋯go home 回家go out 出去go out for ⋯出去做⋯go down/along 沿着⋯走go to school 上学go to the doctor ’去医务室go to the cinema 去看电影go across ⋯穿过⋯﹙平面﹚go to work 上班go bad 变坏go by 流逝﹙时间﹚go one ’ s own way 走自己的路go for a walk去散步go sightseeing去观光go away 走开go to sleep入睡go to bed上床睡觉go on with继续⋯go shopping去购物go hiking去远足go abroad出国go over复习go downstairs/upstairs下楼/上楼go on a trip去旅游give in ﹙ doing ﹚ sth. 屈服﹙做﹚某事 give up﹙ doing ﹚ sth. 放弃﹙做﹚某事give away赠送give out颁发give back归还give off发出﹙气味、烟雾等﹚give sb. some advice给某人提建议give a talk作报告give lessons to sb.给某人上课give sb. a good beating好好教训某人一下give sb. a hand帮某人忙grow up长大have a good time 玩得愉快have a discussion 进行讨论have a party 举行聚会have a meeting 开会have nothing to do with与⋯无关have trouble with sth. 做某事有困难have difficulty/ trouble doing sth. 费力做某事have fun 玩得愉快have a fever 发烧have a cold 感冒have a cough 咳嗽have a stamachache 胃痛have fun doing sth. 愉快地做某事have a match 举行比赛have a fight with 与⋯比赛、斗争have no idea of 不知道⋯have a hard time doing sth. 艰难地做某事have sth. to do with 与⋯有关have an accident 发生事故have breakfast/lunch/supper 吃早、午、晚饭have class 上课have water 喝水have a conversation with与⋯会话have a look at看一下⋯have a talk with与⋯谈话have a problem with做某事有疑难have a good trip路途愉快have a try 试一下have a laugh at 嘲笑 . ⋯have a pity on sb. 同情某人have a rest休息一下have a word with 与⋯⋯谈几句话hear of 听说hear from 收到⋯的来信hands up 举手hand in 上交hand out 分发hold up 抓住、握住hold a meeting 举行会议hold an exhibition 举行展览happen to do sth. 恰巧做某事hurry up 赶快hurry off 匆忙离开help oneself to sth. 随便用⋯help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事It ’s one ’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事insist on doing sth..坚持做某事join in穿着join together团结起来join the army参军join the party入党keep（ stay ）away from远离keep out 不让进入keep down 压低﹙音量等﹚keep a pet 饲养宠物keep in good mood 保持好心情keep on doing 一直做某事keep healthy 保持健康keep in good health 保持健康keep up with 跟上⋯keep sb. doing sth. 使某人一直做某事keep off 防御keep in touch with 与⋯保持联系knock at=knock on 敲⋯knock into撞到某人身上learn ⋯ by oneself自学⋯learn ⋯ from⋯向⋯学习learn ⋯ by heart记住⋯leave for离开去某处leave sth. somewhere把某物忘在某处leave school毕业leave one by oneself把某人单独留下leave a message for sb.给某人留个口信lead to 导致live on ⋯以⋯为生live a happy life 过着幸福的生活look after 照看⋯look for 寻找⋯look down on 藐视⋯look up 查找﹙字词等﹚look over 检查﹙身体等﹚look forward to 盼望⋯look on ⋯as 把看作⋯look at 看⋯look like 看起来像⋯look around 环顾look out 当心look out of 向⋯外面看look through 浏览look the same 看起来一样look inside 向⋯里面看laugh at 嘲笑lose touch with 与⋯失去联系let sb. in 让某人进去lie dowm 躺下make sb. feel at home使某人感到宾至如归make one ’s mind to do sth.决心做某事make a face=make faces 做鬼脸make money 挣钱make fool of sb.愚弄某人make a journey旅行make progress取得进步make a countribution to为⋯做贡献make a noise吵闹make a fire生火make a mistake犯错误make⋯ of ⋯由⋯制作⋯﹙看出原材料﹚make⋯ from ⋯由⋯制作⋯﹙看不出原材料﹚make up 编造，虚构，打扮，构成，组成make up of ⋯由⋯组成make a plan 定计划make one’ s bed 整理床铺make a report 编写报告make sure of 确信⋯make use of 利用⋯make a sentence with 用⋯造句make a decision 做出决定make oneself understood 表达自己的意思make a survey of 调查⋯make preparation for 为⋯做准备make friends with 与⋯⋯交朋友make a living 谋生major in 专修match ⋯ with ⋯把⋯和⋯搭配起来move to 搬到⋯mistake ⋯ for ⋯把⋯错认为⋯meet with遇到﹙困难、麻烦等﹚mix up 混合name sb./ 把某人 / 某物叫做Xorder sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 openup 完全打开play football踢足球play chess下棋play cards打牌play bridge打桥牌play the guitar弹吉他play the violin弹小提琴play sports做运动play games玩游戏play with玩耍⋯play jokes on sb.对某人开玩笑play the CD.播放play the music播放音乐play a part in在⋯中扮演角色play a role of扮演⋯的角色play against 与⋯比赛send⋯ for ⋯派⋯请⋯play hide-and-seek 捉迷藏send into 送入⋯里pay for 付⋯款send away 驱逐pay attention to 注意⋯send off 解雇pass by 路过⋯send out 发出，发出，派遣put on 穿上、上映shake hands with 与⋯握手put down 写下stick ⋯ into ⋯把⋯插入⋯里put away 把⋯收拾起来stick doing sth. 坚持做某事put ⋯ into ⋯把⋯放入⋯里stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事put up 举起、张贴stare at 盯着⋯put out 熄灭sell out 买光put off 推迟see a doctor 看医生put back 放回see sb. off 为某人送行prevent sb. ﹙ from ﹚ doing sth. 阻止某人做see a film 看电影某事 prefer to do rather than do 与做另say goodbye to sb. 向某人告别一件事相比更喜欢做某事say hello to sb. 向某人问好prefer ﹙ doing ﹚ sth. to ﹙doing ﹚ sth. set up 竖立、建造与⋯相比更喜欢⋯set up one ’s mind on sth. 全神贯注于⋯point to 指向set off 出发，动身，使爆炸，引起poin at 指着set out 出发，启程，开始，着手point out 指出set an example for 为⋯⋯树立榜样practice doing sth. 练习做某事speak of 讲到pick up 拾起，接人，站起，收听speak highly of 称颂⋯search for 搜索，寻找run away 逃跑start to do sth. 着手做某事run after 追赶start with ⋯以⋯开始run out of 用光、从⋯里跑出来spend﹙ time/money ﹚on sth.= spendrun over to ⋯跑过去到⋯﹙ time/money ﹚﹙ in ﹚doing sth. 花费﹙时read sth. to sb. 把某物读给某人听间 / 金钱﹚做某事read sth. for sb. 替某人读某物spend time with sb. 和某人呆在一起receive a letter from ⋯收⋯到来信sort ⋯ into ⋯把⋯划分成⋯rain heavily 下大雨show sb. around somewhere 领某人参观某处ride a bike 骑自行车show up 露面rise up 升起stay in bed 呆在床上raise money 筹集资金slow down 减速refer to 涉及、提到smile at 对⋯微笑regard ⋯ as ⋯把⋯看作⋯suit sb. 适合某人reach out 伸出﹙手等﹚share ⋯ with ⋯与⋯分享⋯stay up 熬夜send up 发射stand for 代表，象征send an e-mail发送电子邮件stand up 起立send for ⋯派人请⋯succeed in doing sth.成功地做某事shut up关闭shout to (为了让人听到) 对⋯喊shout at (因生气等)向⋯喊seem like好像sweep the floor拖地step on践踏，踩take a message for sb. 给某人捎个信take a bus 乘工交车take one ’s order 按某人的顺序take a walk 散步take ⋯ to ⋯把⋯带到⋯去take a shower 淋浴take after 与⋯相像take away 带走take the medicine 服药take exercise 锻炼take it easy 不要紧take one ’s temperature 量某人的体温take off 起飞 / 脱下﹙衣服、鞋帽等﹚take a lesson/class 上课take a day off 休一天假take an exam 参加考试take ⋯ out of ⋯把⋯从⋯中取处来take a rest 休息一下take one ’s turn to do sth. 按某人顺序做某事 take part in 参加﹙活动﹚take ⋯ as an example 拿⋯当作例子take over 接管take care of 照顾、照看take in 吸取，吸收take up 占据﹙空间、时间﹚take the pride in以⋯而骄傲﹙强调动作﹚take place 发生﹙不及物﹚take the leading position 占主导地位take a swimming course 上游泳课take a deep breath 深呼吸take the place of 代替⋯take a photo of 照⋯的相talk about 谈论⋯talk with 与⋯谈话talk to对⋯谈话turn left ﹙right ﹚向左﹙右﹚转turn up 调高﹙音量等﹚turn down 调低﹙音量等﹚turn on 打开﹙电器、煤气、水龙头﹚turn off 关闭﹙电器、煤气、水龙头﹚turn over 翻开，翻转turn ⋯ into ⋯把⋯变成⋯turn to ⋯转向⋯turn green 变绿think about 考虑、思考⋯think of 想起、想到⋯think over 仔细考虑think up 想出（设计出、发明、编造）tell sb. about sth. 把某物的情况告诉某人tell a joke 讲笑话tell a story 讲故事try on 试穿try one ’ s best to do sth. . 尽力做某事thanks for 感谢⋯travel to ⋯到⋯旅行tie ⋯ to ⋯把⋯绑到⋯上treat ⋯ as ⋯把⋯当作⋯来对待trouble sb. to do sth.麻烦某人做某事throw away扔掉translate ⋯into ⋯把⋯翻译成⋯urge sb. to do sth.强烈要求某人做某事use up 用尽used to do sth.过去经常做某事visit sb/somewhere看望某人/参观某处wake up 醒来、叫醒welcome to ⋯欢迎到⋯来wait for 等待⋯wait in line 排队等候write to ⋯给⋯写信write down 记下win the World Cup赢得世界杯win a prize获奖wear out穿坏wear glasses戴眼镜wipe off擦去，拭去work out解决﹙问题、麻烦等﹚work on从事⋯walk along/down沿着⋯走watch a game观看比赛warn sb. to do sth.告诫某人做某事warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事warn sb. against(doing)sth. 告诫某人当心某事 / 不要做某事worry about⋯担心⋯中考英语近义动词（词组）辨析1. 辨析 take ；cost ； spend ； pay主语为人的有spend 和 pay；主语为物的有cost （ 1） spend 多用人作主语，后接金钱或时间。
【中考英语、英语语法】【人教版】中考英语动词及动词短语考点剖析
中考英语：动词及动词短语考点一常见易混动词辨析1．spend/pay/cost/take表示“花费”spend主语是人，指花费时间和金钱。
spend... on...; spend... (in) doing sth.pay主语是人，指花费金钱。
pay... for...＝spend... oncost主语是物或某种活动，指花费金钱或其他代价。
sth. cost(s) (sb.)．..多用it作形式主语，指花费时间。
It takes sb. ... to do sth.＝Sb. spend(s)．.. (in) doin takesth.Mom never spends any money on herself.妈妈从来都不在自己身上花钱。
May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I’ll pay it back next week.你能借给我12块钱吗？我下周还你。
It won’t cost you a penny for the first six months.开始的六个月你不用花一分钱。
It took them three years to build this road.他们用三年时间修完了这条路。
2．look/watch/see/read 表示“看”look看(动作)；可单独成句；look at...watch看(电视、比赛)；注视see看见(结果)；看望；理解(I see.)read看(书、报)；读；读懂别人的内心★look可以表示“看上去”，是感官系动词，后接形容词。
★看病(看医生)用see a doctor表示。
3．speak/say/talk/tell表示“说”speak发言；说(某种语言)say说(内容)；写有talk谈论；talk about sth.; talk to/with sb.tell告诉；讲述；tell sb. (not) to do sth.4.感官动词look/taste/sound/feel/smelllook看起来(视觉)taste尝起来(味觉)sound听起来(听觉)feel摸起来(触觉)smell闻起来(嗅觉)5.borrow/lend/keep表示“借”borrow借用；borrow sth. from sb.lend借给；lend sth. to sb.keep借用若干时间；keep... for 2 days6．hope/wish/expecthope希望；hope to to sth.; hope＋that 从句wish但愿、希望；wish to do sth.; wish sb. to do sth.; wish＋that 从句expect期待、期望； expect to do sth.; expect sb. to do sth.7.forget/leaveforget表示“忘记”时，forget通常不能与表示地点的副词或短语连用leave在表示“遗忘”时，通常要与表示地点的状语连用8.hear/listen/soundhear听见；hear＋名词(强调听的结果)listen听；listen to＋名词(强调听的过程)sound听起来； sound＋形容词(强调听的效果)9.wear/put on/dress/be inwear“穿着；戴着”，强调状态，wear后可接穿戴的东西，包括眼镜、首饰等put on“穿上；戴上”，指“穿”的动作，反义词为“take off”“穿衣”，是及物动词，后接人作宾语，意为“给某人穿衣服”；dress onself“打扮；给自己穿dress衣服”be in表示状态，后接衣服，也可接表颜色的词10.reach/get/arrivereach“到达”，是及物动词(比get更正式)，其后可直接接地点名词作宾语(不能用介词)get“到达”，不及物动词，之后通常接介词 toarrive“到达”，不及物动词，之后通常接介词 at (一般用于较小的地方)或 in (一般用于较大的地方)1．(2018·山东菏泽单县常青学校模拟三)—I meeting Jack today because I am still angry with him.—Come on, Mary. You are good friends.A．avoid B．expect C．enjoy2．(2018·广东普宁模拟改编)I don’t know the restaurant, but it’s to be quite a good one.A．said B．told C．spoken3．(2018·广西贵港港南二模改编)—How much money did he you yesterday?—500 yuan. I told him I would return it to him in three weeks.A．give B．borrow C．lend4.(2018·甘肃定西中考改编)—I can’t find my English textbook.—Is it possible that you it at home?A．lost B．forgot C．left5．(2018·四川泸州中考改编)It about eight minutes for the light to travel from the sun to the earth.A．costs B．spends C．takes考点二动词短语辨析常考的动词短语辨析有三种：第一种是同一动词的不同搭配；第二种是同一副词或介词与不同动词的搭配；第三种是完全不同的动词短语。
初中英语语法专题动词语常用短语
初中英语语法专题动词语常用短语初中英语语法专题动词一、概念及分类动词(Verb)一般就是用来表示动作或状态的词汇。
我们接触的动词包括实义动词(Notional Verb)、系动词(Linking Verb)、助动词(Auxiliary)、情态动词(Modal Auxiliary)。
二、动词的用法1. 实义动词按照句法作用可以分为及物动词和不及物动词;按照动词的持续性可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。
及物动词(Transitive Verb) :本身意义不完整，后面直接跟宾语。
例：I like the book very much. 我非常喜欢这本书。
You can call me Lucy. 你可以叫我Lucy.Give me a glass,please. 请给我一个杯子。
不及物动词(Intransitive Verb):本身意义完整，后面不可以直接跟宾语，若要跟宾语，必须先在其后加上某个介词。
例如： She dances well. 她舞跳得很好。
Look at me. 看着我。
延续性动词(Durative Verb):表示动作是可以持续的，可以和表示时间的状语连用。
例如：We have lived here for 20 years. 我们已经在这里住了20年了。
非延续性动词(Non-durative Verb):表示瞬间动作，动作一旦发生立即结束，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。
如果和表示一段时间的状语连用，要用其它的词代词。
例如： She has kept the book for 2 months. 她借这本书已经2个月了。
(这里不能用has borrowed)2. 系动词系动词本身有词义，但不能单独使用，和表语在一起组成主系表结构，说明主语的状态、性质、特征和身份。
常见的系动词如下：be 动词am/is/are/was/were变化系动词get/turn/come/go/become/grow感官系动词feel/sound/look/smell/taste后面必须加形容词保持系动词keep/remain/stay似乎系动词seem例如： I am a student. 我是一个学生。
初中英语常用短语动词搭配以及辨析
初中英语常用短语动词搭配以及辨析本文为您提供初中英语常用短语动词搭配以及它们的辨析。
掌握这些动词搭配可以帮助您更准确地运用英语表达。
- go to: 去某个地方（一般是到一个特定的地点）- go at: 去到某个时间或地点2. take/give + advice- take advice: 接受建议- give advice: 给予建议3. make/do + a decision- make a decision: 做出决定- do a decision: 错误用法，应改为 "make a decision"4. look/watch/see + a movie- look at a movie: 错误用法，应改为 "watch a movie" - see a movie: 看电影5. need/want/require + help- need help: 需要帮助- want help: 想要帮助- require help: 需要帮助（通常指特定的要求）6. listen/hear + to- listen to: 听某个声音或音乐- hear: 听到某个声音7. take/give + a test- take a test: 参加一次考试- give a test: 发布一次考试8. do/make + your best- do your best: 尽力而为- make your best: 错误用法，应改为 "do your best"以上是初中英语常用的一些动词搭配以及它们的辨析。
希望对您的学习有所帮助！。
易混动词辨析及动词短语归纳
72Crazy English/学习魔盒Learning Box 易混动词辨析及动词短语归纳◎王桂馨1. take、bring 与carry 的区别take 指将某物或某人从这里“带到”或“拿到”某处。
如：Could you take it to the classroom?你能把它带到教室吗？bring 与take 相反，指将某物或某人从别处“带来”或“拿来”。
如：May I bring Tom to see you next Monday?下周一我可以带汤姆来见你吗？carry 指随身携带(背着、扛着、提着、抱着)，不表明来去的方向。
如：The box is heavy . Can you carry it?盒子太重了。
你搬得动吗？2. find 、look for 与find out 的区别find 的意思是“找到”，look for 是“寻找”，find out 是经过调查“发现、查明(真相)”。
如：I can’t find my pen . 我找不到我的钢笔了。
He is looking for his cat . 他正在寻找他的猫。
Can you find out who broke the window?你能查明是谁打破了窗户吗？3. forget 与leave 的区别这两个词都有“忘”的意思，其区别如下：forget 常表示“记不起”“忘了要带(买)”，leave 表示“把某物忘(丢)在某地”。
如：I forget his name . 我忘记他的名字了。
He left his gloves on the train . 他把他的手套忘在火车上了。
4. hear 与listen to 的区别hear 与listen to 都有“听”的意思，其区别如下：hear 常表示“听见；听到”，listen to 常表示“倾听(集中注意力去听)”。
易混动词辨析7374Crazy English/学习魔盒Learning Box 8. speak 、say 、talk 与tell 的区别speak 、say 和talk 都含有“说、讲、说话”的意思。
动词短语常见考点分类例析
Ｃ １ｏ ｉ ｐ ． ｏｋ ｔ ｕ
Ｄ． ｒ ｆ ｒ ｔ ｏ ｅ ｅ ｉ ｔ
【 简析 】 阅（ ｏ ｐ 的对 象是 “ 词 （ ｅ ｏｄ ” 上 文 已 查 １ｋ ｕ） ｏ 生 ｎｗ ｗ ｒ ） ，
经 出现 ， 了 避 免 重 复 ， 以用 代 词 ｉ 代 。由 于 ｌｏ ｐ 一 个 动 为 可 ｔ 替 ｏｋ ｕ 是
（ …… ）ｌｏ ａ （ … …看 ） ｌ ｇ ａ （ 笑 ）ｄ ａ ｉ （ 听 ； ｋ ｔ 朝 ｏ ； ｕｈ ｔ 嘲 ａ ；ｅｌ ｔ 处 ｗ ｈ
理 ） ｄ ｗｉ （ 理 ） ｆ ｈ ｆｒ （ …… 而 战 ） ｓ ｎ ｆｒ （ 人 ；ｏ ｔ 处 ｈ ；ｉ ｔ ｏ ｇ 为 ；ｅ ｄ ｏ 派 去请 ） 。 等
由动 词 和 其 他 某 些 词 性 的词 构 成 的
短 语 叫做 动 词 短 语 。 动 词 短 语 的 作 用 相 当 于 动 词 ，既 可 以 用 作 及 动 词 动河短 语常 见考 不 及 物 动 词物，不 加，加 宾 分 语 ，也 可 以 用 作 宾语 。 常 见 的 动 词 短 语 可 分 成 五 类 。 本 文 试 结 合 典 型 试题 对 常 见考 点作 分 类 例析 ， 以
ｎ ｎＷ ．
Ａ． １ ｏ ｉ ｇ ｔ ｏ ｋ ｎ ａ Ｃ １ ｏ ｉ ｇ ｆｅ ． ｏ ｋ ｎ ａ ｔ ｒ
Ｂ． １ ｏ ｉ ｇ ｏ ｏ ｋ ｎ ｆ ｒ Ｄ． １ ｏ ｉ ｇ ｎ ｏ ｏ ｋ ｎ ｉ ｔ
【 析】 简 本题 考查关 于与ｌｏ 构成 的动词短 语的辨析 。 ｏ ｔ ｏｋ ｌ ｋａ ｏ
副 结 构 的 短 语 ，充 当 宾 语 的 代 词 ｉ只 能 放 在 动 词 和 副 词 的 中 间 ， ｔ
即 ： ｏ ｔ ｐ 答 案 为 Ｃ。 ｌ ｋｉ ｏ ｕ 。
动词短语辨析
动词短语辨析动词短语是英语中使用频率很高的语法结构，通过不同的动词短语可以表达出不同的意义。
然而，有些动词短语在表达上存在一定的细微差别，容易让人产生误解。
本文将就一些常见但较容易混淆的动词短语进行辨析，帮助读者更准确地理解和使用这些词组。
一、look at和watchlook at意为“看”，强调目光的简单移动，可以是瞬间的一瞥；而watch则更强调持续观察的动作，通常需要较长时间的注视。
例句：1. I looked at the beautiful sunset and felt a sense of peace.（我看了看美丽的日落，感到一种平静。
）2. We watched a movie together last night.（昨晚我们一起看电影。
）二、make和domake和do都是表示“做”的动词，但用法和搭配不同。
make通常用于表示制作、建造、创造等含义的动词，以及表示感觉、状态等动词。
而do则常用于表示执行任务、工作或活动。
例句：1. She made a delicious cake for her birthday.（她为自己的生日做了一个美味的蛋糕。
）2. I have a lot of work to do today.（我今天有很多工作要做。
）三、bring和takebring和take都与携带物品有关，但视交际话语的角度不同而使用不同。
bring表示“拿来”，强调从对方的位置带来某物；而take表示“带走”，强调从说话者的位置带走某物。
例句：1. Can you bring me a glass of water, please?（你能给我拿一杯水吗？）2. Don't forget to take your umbrella when you leave.（离开时别忘了带上你的雨伞。
）四、cut和chopcut和chop都表示“切割”，但在切割方式和目的上有所不同。
初中英语常用动词搭配和动词短语以及辨析
初中英语常用动词搭配1. 动词后接to doask sb. to do sth.请〔叫〕某人做某事tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事order sb to do sth. 命令某人做某事want sb to do sth. 想要做某事help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事wish sb to do sth. 希望某人做某事would like to do sth. 想要做某事invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事drive sb. to do sth .驱使某人做某事expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事forbid sb. to do sth. 制止某人做某事force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事hope to do sth. 希望做某事offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事plan to do sth. 方案做某事prepare to do sth. 预备做某事pretend to do sth. 假装做某事promise to do sth. 许诺做某事decide to do sth. 决定做某事refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事fail to do sth. 未能做某事happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事need sb to do sth 需要某人做某事2.动词后接 ing consider doing sth. 考虑做某事enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事escape doing sth. 逃脱做某事feel like doing sth. 想要做某事finish doing sth. 完成做某事give up doing sth. 放弃做某事imagine doing sth. 想象做某事mind doing sth. 介意做某事practice doing sth. 练习做某事prevent doing sth. 阻止做某事put off doing sth. 推迟做某事risk doing sth. 冒险做某事forbid doing sth. 制止做某事forgive doing sth. 原谅做某事stop sb.from doing 阻止某人做某事appreciate doing sth. 感谢做某事suggest doing sth. 建议做某事be/get used to doing sth. 习惯做某事pay attention to doing 注意做某事avoid doing 防止做某事3. 动词后既接 to又接 ing (1) remember to do sth. 记得要做某事remember doing sth. 记得做过某事(2)forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(3) regret to do sth. 遗憾要做某事regret doing sth. 遗憾做过某事(4) try to do sth. 尽力做某事try doing sth. 试着做某事(5)stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事stop doing sth. 停顿做〔正在做的〕某事(6) mean to do sth. 打算做某事mean doing sth. 意味着做某事(7) can’t help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事(8) go on/continue to do sth. 继续做另一件事go on/continue doing sth. 继续做同一件事(9) like/love/hate to do sth具体活动〔一次性〕like/love/hate doing sth表示习惯〔一贯性〕(10) need/want to do sth. 想要做某事〔主动〕need/want doing sth. 想要被做〔被动〕(11) allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事allow doing sth 允许做某事(12) advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事advise doing sth. 建议做某事(13) encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事encourage doing sth. 鼓励做某事(14) permit sb to do sth允许某人做某事permit doing sth 允许做某事4. 动词后接动词原形do(1) let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事(2) make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事=make sth done(3)have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事=have sth done(4)see sb. do sth. 看见某人做过某事see sb. doing 看见某人正在做某事(5)hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做过某事hear sb. doing 听见某人正在做某事(6)find sb. do sth. 发现某人做过某事find sb. doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事(7)watch sb. do sth. 观察某人做某事(8)had batter do sth. 最好做某事4.接双宾语(一)双宾语易位时需借助介词to的常用动词〔多表示动词的方向〕bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人hand sb. sth. =hand sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人mail sb. sth. = mail sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 将某物给某人pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人pay sb. sth. = pay sth. to sb. 付给某人某物〔钱〕read sb. sth. = read sth. to sb. 把某物读给某人听return sb. sth. = return sth. to sb. 把某物还给某人sell sb. sth. = sell sth. to sb. 把某物卖给某人send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 拿某物给某人看take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb. 把某物拿给某人teach sb. sth. = teach sth. to sb. 教某人某物tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某情况throw sb. sth. = throw sth. to sb. 把某物扔给某人write sb. sth. = write sth. to sb. 给某人写信(二)双宾语易位时需借助介词for的常用动词〔多表示动词的目的〕book sb. sth. = book sth. for sb. 为某人预定某物buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物choose sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb. 为某人选某物cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb. 为某人煮某物draw sb. sth. = draw sth. for sb. 为某人画某物find sb. sth. = find sth. for sb. 为某人找到某物get sb. sth. = get sth. for sb. 为某人拿来某物make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 为某人做某物order sb. sth. = order sth. for sb. 为某人订购某物pick sb. sth. = pick sth. for sb. 为某人采摘某物prepare sb. sth. = prepare sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物 save sb. sth. = save sth. for sb. 为某人留某物 sing sb. sth. = sing sth. for sb. 为某人唱某物〔歌〕steal sb. sth. = steal sth. for sb. 为某人偷某物初中英语常用动词短语整理5. Be 动词构造be able to do 能够做…… be afraid to do (内心)害怕\不敢做某事be afraid of doing 担忧出现doing 的状况、结果be angry with 对……生气 be at home = stay at home 待在家里be back/in/out 回来/在家/外出be bad for 对……有害be busy doing/with sth 忙于做……(忙于……) be careful of 留神，注意，仔细be covered with 被……覆盖 be different from 与……不同 be famous/known as 作为……知名be famous/known for 以……而著名be free 空闲的，有空be friendly/kind to 对……友好be from = come from 来自…，什么地方人be full of/filled with 装满……be good at= do well in 擅长于…be good for 对……有好处 be (ill) in bed 卧病在床be interested in 对……感兴趣be in trouble 处于困境中be late for 迟到be mad at 对……生气be made from/of 由……制成be made in 在……地方制造be made up of由……构成be on 在进展，在上演，〔灯〕亮着be pleased with对…感到快乐be polite/impolite to对某人有礼貌/不礼貌be popular with受……欢送；be proud of对……感到自豪be ready for 为……作好准备be satisfied with对……感到满意〔快乐〕be surprised (at) 对……感到惊讶be strict in sth.对某事严格be strict with sb.对某人严格bebe used for doing被用来做某事be used to do被用来做某事be used to doing 习惯于be worried about =be anxious about 担忧6.短语〔首字母排列〕aim at 针对…agree with sb. 同意某人的意见或建议ask for请求、索要ask for a day off请一天假add…to…把…与…加起来achieve a victory取得胜利arrive in到达﹙大地方﹚arrive at到达﹙小地方﹚argue with 与…争吵apologize to 向…抱歉break up with sb.与某人断绝关系break out 爆发break down 出毛病，拆开break off解散，辞退break the rule违规break into破门而入believe in信任begin/start with以…开场belong to属于…built…into…把…建成…base on以…为根底borrow… from…向…借……come into being形成、出现come true 实现come for a visit来参观come on 快，走吧，跟我来come back回来come to do sth.逐渐做某事come about 发生come from来自…come up with 提出主意想法come along出现、发生come over过来come into进入…里come in 进来come out出来，出现，出版come out of从…里出来catch up with 赶上…catch a fire着火catch hold of抓住…catch a bus赶公共汽车cut up 切碎cut in half 切成半cut off切断﹙电源、水源﹚cut in line插队care for关心、关爱care about在意call for号召call back回call at sp. 拜访某地call on sb.拜访某人call out呼喊call up给…打call sb. at some number给某人打某个号码calm down 镇静下来communicate with 与…交流complain about 抱怨…can’clean up 清理、清扫干净carry out 执行connect …to…把…与…连起来chat on line网上聊天check over检查drop by 顺便拜访drop out of school辍学drop litter丢垃圾do an experiment 做实验do an operation on sb. 给某人做手术do sth. in person亲自做某事do business做生意do exercise 做操do with=deal with处理do wrong 做错事do one’s homework =do one’lesson做作业do some sports做运动do morning exercises 做早操do well in做得好，擅长于do the dishes 洗餐具do one’s best to do sth.尽力做某事do some cleaning 扫除do some reading读书do some shopping购物do some cooking做饭do the laundry洗衣服do some chores做杂务disagree with sb. 不同意某人意见describe…as…把…描绘为…die of 死于﹙直接内因，如疾病、饥渴﹚die from死于﹙间接外因，如车祸、天灾﹚die out 灭绝drive sb. crazy使某人发疯drive to…开车去…divide…into…把…分成…depend on依赖…decide on sth. 对……做决定dry out干涸dry up 烘干dream of 梦想…draw up起草、拟定dress up 装扮、打扮e-mail sb.给某人发电子邮件enjoy oneself 玩得愉快enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事end up doing sth.完毕做某事explain to sb sth=explain sth. to sb. 向某人解释某事eat up吃光fall behind落后fall off 从……掉下fall down 滑到，倒下〔后接宾语要加from〕fall over向前摔倒、跌倒fall into 落入；陷入fall ill病倒fall asleep入睡fall in love with爱上、迷恋fight against与…作斗争follow the rules 遵守规那么fail the exam考试不与格find out查明﹙原因、真相﹚feel like doing 想做某事fly a kite 放风筝fly to乘飞机去…fit into …适应…fill in =fill out 填充填写fill…with…用…填…feel sorry for因…而难过fold the clothes叠衣服get on 上﹙车、船、飞机等﹚get off下﹙车、船、飞机等﹚get up起来、起床get good grades 取得好成绩get over 客服get rid of 除掉…get to到达get out of 从…里出来get into 进入get in the way of阻碍get together 聚会get into trouble陷入困境get out of trouble 脱离困境get used to﹙doing﹚﹙做﹚某事get to do sth.着手做某事get ready for为…做准备get sb. into trouble使某人陷入困境get away from远离…get a sore back 背痛get back to sb. 过会儿与某人通话﹙打用语﹚get on/along well with 与相处…融洽get to know认识get married to与某人结婚get in touch with 与…取得联系go ahead 先走，向前走，去吧，干吧go to…去…go home 回家go out 出去go out for…出去做…go down/along 沿着…走go to school上学go to the doctor’去医务室go to the cinema 去看电影go across…穿过…﹙平面﹚go to work上班go bad变坏go by流逝﹙时间﹚go one’s own way走自己的路go for a walk 去散步go sightseeing去观光go away 走开go to sleep 入睡go to bed 上床睡觉go on with继续…go shopping 去购物go hiking 去远足go abroad 出国go over复习go downstairs/upstairs下楼/上楼go on a trip 去旅游give in﹙doing﹚﹙做﹚某事give up﹙doing﹚﹙做﹚某事give away 赠送give out 颁发give back 归还give off 发出﹙气味、烟雾等﹚give sb. some advice给某人提建议give a talk作报告give lessons to sb. 给某人上课give sb. a good beating 好好教训某人一下give sb. a hand 帮某人忙grow up 长大have a good time 玩得愉快have a discussion 进展讨论have a party 举行聚会have a meeting 开会have nothing to do with与…无关have trouble with sth. 做某事有困难have difficulty/ trouble doing sth. 费力做某事have fun玩得愉快have a fever 发烧have a cold 感冒have a cough 咳嗽have a stamachache胃痛have fun doing sth.愉快地做某事have a match 举行比赛have a fight with与…比赛、斗争have no idea of 不知道…have a hard time doing sth. 困难地做某事 have sth. to do with 与…有关have an accident 发生事故have breakfast/lunch/supper 吃早、午、晚饭have class上课have water喝水have a conversation with 与…会话have a look at 看一下…have a talk with与…谈话have a problem with做某事有疑难have a good trip路途愉快have a try 试一下have a laugh at 嘲笑.…have a pity on sb.同情某人have a rest 休息一下have a word with 与……谈几句话hear of 听说hear from 收到…的来信hands up举手hand in上交hand out分发hold up 抓住、握住hold a meeting 举行会议hold an exhibition举行展览happen to do sth.恰巧做某事hurry up 赶快hurry off 匆忙离开help oneself to sth. 随便用…It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事insist on doing sth..坚持做某事join in 穿着join together团结起来join the army 参军join the party入党keep〔stay〕away from 远离keep out不让进入keep down 压低﹙音量等﹚keep a pet 饲养宠物keep in good mood 保持好心情keep on doing一直做某事keep healthy保持安康keep in good health保持安康keep up with跟上…keep sb. doing sth. 使某人一直做某事keep off 防御keep in touch with与…保持联系knock at=knock on敲…knock into撞到某人身上learn…by oneself 自学…learn…from …向…学习learn…by heart 记住…leave for离开去某处leave sth. somewhere 把某物忘在某处leave school毕业leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下leave a message for sb.给某人留个口信lead to导致live on…以…为生live a happy life 过着幸福的生活look after照看…look for 寻找…look down on 藐视…look up查找﹙字词等﹚look over检查﹙身体等﹚look forward to盼望…look on …as 把看作…look at看…look like 看起来像…look around环顾look out留神look out of 向…外面看look through 浏览look the same 看起来一样look inside向…里面看laugh at嘲笑lose touch with与…失去联系let sb. in 让某人进去lie dowm躺下make sb. feel at home使某人感到宾至如归 make one’s mind to do sth. 决心做某事make a face=make faces 做鬼脸make money挣钱make fool of sb.愚弄某人make a journey旅行make progress 取得进步make a countribution to为…做奉献make a noise 吵闹make a fire 生火make a mistake 犯错误make…of…由…制作…﹙看出原材料﹚make…from…由…制作…﹙看不出原材料﹚make up编造，虚构，打扮，构成，组成make up of…由…组成make a plan 定方案make one’s bed 整理床铺make a report 编写报告make sure of确信…make use of 利用…make a sentence with用…造句make a decision做出决定make oneself understood 表达自己的意思make a survey of 调查…make preparation for 为…做准备make friends with与……交朋友make a living谋生major in专修match …with …把…与…搭配起来move to搬到…mistake…for…把…错认为…meet with 遇到﹙困难、麻烦等﹚mix up混合open up完全翻开play football 踢足球play chess 下棋play cards打牌play bridge打桥牌play the guitar 弹吉他play the violin弹小提琴play sports 做运动play games 玩游戏play with 玩耍…play the music 播放音乐play a part in在…中扮演角色play a role of 扮演…的角色play against与…比赛play hide-and-seek捉迷藏pay for付…款pay attention to 注意…pass by 路过…put on 穿上、上映put down 写下put away把…收拾起来put…into…把…放入…里put up 举起、张贴put out 熄灭put off 推迟put back 放回prevent sb.﹙from﹚doing sth.阻止某人做某事 prefer to do rather than do与做另一件事相比更喜欢做某事prefer﹙doing﹚sth. to ﹙doing﹚sth. 与…相比更喜欢…point to 指向poin at 指着point out指出practice doing sth.练习做某事pick up 拾起，接人，站起，收听run away 逃跑run after 追赶run out of 用光、从…里跑出来run over to…跑过去到…read sth. to sb. 把某物读给某人听read sth. for sb. 替某人读某物receive a letter from…收…到来信rain heavily 下大雨ride a bike骑自行车rise up升起raise money 筹集资金refer to涉与、提到regard… as…把…看作…reach out 伸出﹙手等﹚send up发射send an e-mail 发送电子邮件send for…派人请…send…for…派…请…send into 送入…里send away驱逐send off辞退send out 发出，发出，派遣shake hands with与…握手stick…into…把…插入…里stick doing sth.坚持做某事stare at 盯着…sell out买光see a doctor 看医生see sb. off为某人送行see a film 看电影set up 竖立、建造set up one’…set off 出发，动身，使爆炸，引起set out 出发，启程，开场，着手set an example for 为……树立典范speak of 讲到speak highly of 称颂…search for 搜索，寻找start with …以…开场spend﹙time/money﹚on sth.= spend﹙time/money﹚﹙in﹚﹙时间/金钱﹚做某事spend time with sb. 与某人呆在一起sort…into…把…划分成…show sb. around somewhere领某人参观某处show up 露面stay in bed 呆在床上slow down减速smile at对…微笑suit sb.适合某人share…with…与…分享…stay up 熬夜stand for代表，象征stand up起立succeed in doing sth.成功地做某事shut up关闭shout to (为了让人听到)对…喊shout at (因生气等)向…喊seem like 好似sweep the floor拖地step on 践踏，踩take a message for sb.给某人捎个信take a bus乘工交车take one’s order按某人的顺序take a walk 散步take… to…把…带到…去take a shower淋浴take after 与…相像take away 带走take the medicine 服药take exercise锻炼take it easy不要紧take one’s temperature量某人的体温take off 起飞/脱下﹙衣服、鞋帽等﹚take a lesson/class 上课take a day off 休一天假take an exam 参加考试take…out of…把…从…中取处来take a rest休息一下take one’s turn to do sth.按某人顺序做某事 take part in 参加﹙活动﹚take…as an example拿…当作例子take over接收take care of照顾、照看take in吸取，吸收take up 占据﹙空间、时间﹚take the pride in 以…而骄傲﹙强调动作﹚take place 发生﹙不与物﹚take the leading position占主导地位take a swimming course上游泳课take a deep breath深呼吸take the place of 代替…take a photo of 照…的相talk about谈论…talk with 与…谈话talk to对…谈话turn left﹙right﹚向左﹙右﹚转turn up 调高﹙音量等﹚turn down调低﹙音量等﹚turn on翻开﹙电器、煤气、水龙头﹚turn off 关闭﹙电器、煤气、水龙头﹚turn over翻开，翻转turn…into…把…变成…turn to…转向…turn green 变绿think about考虑、思考…think of想起、想到…think over仔细考虑think up想出〔设计出、创造、编造〕tell sb. about sth. 把某物的情况告诉某人tell a joke 讲笑话tell a story 讲故事try on 试穿try one’s best to do sth. .尽力做某事thanks for感谢…travel to …到…旅行tie…to…把…绑到…上treat …as…把…当作…来对待trouble sb. to do sth. 麻烦某人做某事throw away 扔掉translate…into…把…翻译成…urge sb. to do sth. 强烈要求某人做某事use up用尽used to do sth. 过去经常做某事visit sb/somewhere看望某人/参观某处wake up醒来、叫醒welcome to…欢送到…来wait for等待…wait in line 排队等候write to …给…写信write down记下win the World Cup 赢得世界杯win a prize获奖wear out穿坏wear glasses戴眼镜wipe off 擦去，拭去work out 解决﹙问题、麻烦等﹚work on从事…walk along/down 沿着…走watch a game观看比赛worry about…担忧…warn sb. to do sth.告诫某人做某事warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事中考英语近义动词〔词组〕辨析1. 辨析take；cost；spend；pay主语为人的有spend与pay；主语为物的有cost；主语常为“it〞的有take.〔1〕spend多用人作主语，后接金钱或时间。
常见短语动词的辨析和应用
常见短语动词的辨析和应用短语动词作为英语学习中的重点和难点之一，出现频率较高。
理解和正确应用短语动词对于提高英语表达能力至关重要。
本文将从语法功能、用法特点以及常见的短语动词进行讲解和区分。
一、短语动词的语法功能短语动词是由动词和副词、介词、形容词等其他成分组合而成的一个意义完整的短语，它的语法功能与普通动词不同。
常见的短语动词语法功能有及物动词、不及物动词和形容词。
1.及物动词：短语动词后接宾语，表示动作或者行为的接受者。
如：- Look up：查找- Take off：脱下2.不及物动词：短语动词不接宾语，表示动作或者行为的发出者。
如：- Give up：放弃- Set off：出发3.形容词：短语动词由动词和形容词组成，表示状态或者特征。
如：- Break down：崩溃- Warm up：热身二、短语动词的用法特点短语动词的用法特点主要体现在以下几个方面：1.固定搭配：短语动词是一个整体，不能随意拆开或者替换其中的部分成分。
不能进行语法结构上的变化。
如：- Get up：起床- Take care of：照顾2.意义特化：短语动词具有特定的意义，有时与原词义相去甚远，需要进行具体的辨析。
如：- Make up：编造、和解- Put off：推迟、关灯3.动词性和名词性：某些短语动词既可以作为动词使用，也可以作为名词使用。
如：- Break down：动词-崩溃;名词-故障- Brush up：动词-复习;名词-涂抹三、1. Look at和Look for- Look at：意为“看”、“观察”，强调观察对象本身。
如：Look at the beautiful sunset.（看那美丽的日落。
）- Look for：意为“寻找”，强调找的行为。
如：I am looking for my keys.（我在找我的钥匙。
）2. Break down和Break up- Break down：意为“崩溃”、“发生故障”，常用于描述机器或者车辆的故障。
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初中常见动词短语分类辨析look短语 look for寻找；look after照顾；look over查看；look forward to渴望，向往，to为介词，后接名词、代词、动名词作宾语；look at 看着；look up抬头看，在…查找；look up to尊敬；look down upon瞧不起；look like看起来像；look as if/though看起来好像；look through透过……看 ,翻阅，浏览；look into调查；look out当心；look out of往…外看look about [around]环顾四周look back 回顾，回想look on旁观, 看作，当作(与 as 连用)put短语 put off推迟，put on穿上；上演；put away把…暂时收起来，储存……备用；put up举起，建造，张贴；put out扑灭；put down写下；放下；put aside把…搁在一边；put back放回 put…into把…放入 put one’s heart into 全神贯注turn短语 turn down把音量开小一点;拒绝；turn up把音量开大一点;出现； turnround/around回头；turn over翻开;翻转；turn to朝向;变成;求助于；turn…into…把…变成…；turn into变成；turn out结果证明是；turn away 把脸转过去turn to sb转向某人 turn out结果是turn on 打开(电灯等) turn off 关(电灯等) turn over （使）翻过来 turn against背叛turn back折回，往回走 turn around旋转，转过身来call短语 call at拜访，后接地点；call on拜访，后接被拜访的对象；号召；call back回电话；call in 叫来；call up打电话，使回忆起；call for叫某人同往某处，要求；call off取消be短语 be friendly/kind to对…友好；be fed up with对…厌烦；be different from与…不同；be afraid of害怕；be popular with受…欢迎；be fond of喜欢，爱好；be interested in 对…感兴趣；be surprised at对…惊讶；be satisfied/content/pleased with对…满意；be proud of对…感到自豪；be strict with对某人严格；be strict in 对某事严格；be good to 对…有好处；be good at擅长于…； be sure of/about对…有把握；be divided into被分成；be made up of由…构成；be angry with对某人生气；be busy with忙于；be full of/filled with装满了；be late for…迟到；be covered with覆盖着；be familiar with对…熟悉；be familiar to对某人来说是熟悉的；befamous/known for因…著名；be famous/known as 作为…有名get短语 get on/along (well) with与某人相处（融洽），在…进展（顺利）；get up起床；get on上车（船、飞机、马）；get off下车（船、飞机、马）； get back回去；get back to回到；get away离开，逃脱；get down下来；get home 到家；get into进入，陷入；get out (of) (从…)出去；get to到达get together聚会；get in 收割 get through通过，度过，完成 get hold of 获得，取得get over越过，恢复，克服get readyfor为…作准备 get up起床get used to习惯于take短语 take off（飞机）起飞，脱掉（衣服）；take in吸收，上当；改小衣服；take away拿走；take out取出；take on雇佣，呈现；take down取下；take up占据时间、空间，开始从事，拿起。
take photos 照相 take time 花费(时间) take turns 轮流take one\'s place take the place of 坐某人的座位；代替某人的职务 take a seat就坐take a shower淋浴，洗澡take care of照顾 take care小心，当心take one’s temperature量体温 take part in参与，参加take it easy别着急，慢慢来agree短语 agree with同意（意见、想法）；agree to同意（计划、办法）；agree on协商一件事；pick短语 pick up拾起，捡起，拿起，收听，用车接送客人、货物，收拾、整理；pick out挑选。
cut短语 cut in插嘴 cut down砍到 cut out停止使用 cut up切碎go短语 go over温习，复习；goswimming/skating/shopping/dancing/fishing /hunting/camping去游泳/溜冰/购物/跳舞/钓鱼/打猎/野营；go into走进…；go off爆炸；go out出去，熄灭；go ahead继续向前走；go against违背；go away走开；go back回去，回顾；go by时间流逝，从旁经过；go down下降，下沉；go for为…而去；go in进入；go on（时间）过去，继续，持续，发生；go round绕路；go through经历；go together一起去；go up 上升，攀登；go without没有come短语 come along一道来；come in进来；come into进入；come out出来，出版；come down 倒塌，降下来；come from来自；come back回来；come across偶然遇到；come over过来；come home回家；come to an end结束；come to oneself苏醒过来；come up长出，发芽；come into use开始使用；come round绕道而来；come at 扑向；come on（表示劝说、激动、不耐烦等）快！得啦；跟着来；来临 come along一道来，come to an end终止，结束come true实现come up走近 come up with找到，解决，想到give短语 give up放弃；give off放出、发出（气体、气味、烟雾、光、水、热等）；give out 精疲力竭、累倒，耗尽、用完；give away泄露，赠送；give back归还give in屈服，让步，投降make短语make a decision作出决定；make sb. do sth.让某人做某事；make a mistake犯错误；make progress取得进步；make a face做鬼脸；make friends with与…交朋友；be made from 用…材料做成，制成品中看不出原材料；be made of用…材料制成，制成品中看得出原材料；make out辨认；make one’s way克服困难前进；make up编造，虚构，打扮，弥补be made up of由…组成make use of使用，利用make oneself at home随便，别拘束break短语 break down破坏，粉碎，出故障break in 闯进，打断break out爆发break the law违反法律break the record破记录drop短语drop off减弱，减少drop out退出，离队drop by/in顺便来访drop litter扔垃圾drop on训斥，惩罚drop to one's knees跪下drop the curtain闭幕/演出终止 drop over顺便来访 drop back后退,后撤;恢复drop by the wayside迷入歧途,堕落,遭受失败drop dead倒毙,倒地而死;走开,不再捣乱,安静下来drop downv.卧倒,顺着向下移动drop behindv.落后,落伍drop a line 写信给某人fall短语fall about 笑得无法自制 fall away 疏远消失 fall behind 落在...后面 fall down 失败 fall for 迷恋上...的当 fall in 坍塌排队 fall in with 偶然遇到赞同 fall off (数量)减少 (势力、地位等)降低脱离 fall on/upon 攻击 fall out 发生吵架 fall over oneself 煞费苦心;不遗余力 fall short 不符合标准(或要求) fall through 失败,不能实现fall to 开始工作(或吃东西) 开始是...的责任fall ill /asleep /silent 生病/睡着/沉默fall in love with…爱上（某人）fall into 陷入，养成，开始，渐渐 fall into a habit of 养成…习惯 fall off 掉下，衰退，减少 fall over 摔倒，落在…上，（头发）披在肩上 fall to pieces 破碎，崩溃，瓦解 fall into ruins 成为废墟 fall to the guound 坠地，失败，落空think短语think of 考虑；关心；想起；对……有某种看法think about 考虑；研究、思考 think over 仔细考虑think highly of 看重；器重think well of 重视 think little of 看轻；看不起think a lot of 喜欢; 尊敬 think aloud 自言自语 think and think 细想 think away 想开了, 想得忘了 think back to 回忆起 think better of 改变看法; (对某人)有较高的评价think for 认为, 预料 think long (for, after) 渴望, 切望think up“设想、构思”；think out “仔细思考并研究出（计划等），或者想透问题”等；set短语set out与set off同义，“动身、出发、启程”，set up“创办、树立、搭起”。