环境科学与工程专业英语第三版钟理课文翻译5.27
环境工程专业英语翻译(中英对照)
Unit one Environmental Engineering环境工程What is this book about？这本书是关于什么的？The objective of this book is to introduce engineering and science students to the interdisciplinary study of environment problems；their cause，why they are of concern，and how we can control them. The book includes:这本书的目的是使理工科的学生了解跨学科间的研究环境问题;它们的起因，为什么它们受到关注，以及我们怎样控制它们。
这本书包括：●Description of what is meant by environment and environmental systems描述环境和环境系统意味着什么●Information on the basic causes of environmental disturbances关于引起环境干扰基础原因的基本信息●Basic scientific knowledge necessary to understand the nature of environmental problems and to be able toquantify them理解环境问题本质，并能够定量计算它们所必要的基本科学知识●Current state of the technology of environmental control in its application to water，air and pollution problems目前适用于水，空气和环境污染问题的环境控制技术的现状●Considerable gaps in our current scientific knowledge of understanding and controlling many of the complexinteractions between human activities and nature我们目前的科学知识在理解和控制人类活动和自然之间复杂的相互作用的科学知识上存在相当大的缺陷●Many environmental problems which could be eliminated or reduced by the application of current technology，butwhich are not dealt with because of society’s lack of will to do so，or in many instance because of a lack of resources to do so.许多环境问题可以应用现有技术消除或减少，但没有得到处理是因为社会缺乏这样做的意愿，或者像许多例子那样因为缺乏资源。
环境科学与工程专业英语翻译第三版钟理
第二单元环境工程这本书主要关于什么？这本书的目标是使工程和科学的学生了解学科间的研究环境问题：它们的起因，为什么它们被关注，我们怎么控制它们。
这本书包括：●描述环境和环境系统意味着什么●关于环境破坏基础原因的信息●理解环境问题本质和能够定量计算它们所必要的基本科学知识●目前运用在水,空气,污染问题的环境控制技术的状况●我们目前在很多关于理解和控制人类活动、自然之间复杂相互作用的科学知识上存在着相当大的空白●很多环境问题能运用目前的技术消除或减少，但因为社会缺少意愿这么做或在很多例子中因为缺乏资源去这样做，这些环境问题没有被处理一些重要的定义：在这本书中，它们第一次被使用，定义被以大写或印刷成黑体字的形式展示环境是围绕在我们周围的物质生命的栖息地，在这儿我们能看到,听到,触摸,闻到,和品尝到系统依据韦氏字典,被定义为“一组或一系列能形成一个整体或者有机整体的相互关联的事物”，例如，太阳系统，灌溉系统，供应系统，世界和宇宙。
污染被定义为“在大气，水或土地中的物质的，化学的或生物的特性的不合意的改变，这一改变有害地影响人类或其它生物的健康，生存，或活动”。
当改进环境质量的目标被用来改进人类福利，“环境”一词扩展成包括所有的社会，经济和文化方面的内容。
这一扩展在许多真实情况下是不可行的以及在一本被设计为一学期课程的教科书中也是不实际的。
我们对环境问题的考察因此限于我们对“环境”的定义。
系统的相互作用许多不同的环境问题都与水，空气或土地系统有关联。
许多这些问题都只适用于这些系统中的一个，这为这些种类中的细目分类提供了充分的理由。
这样的分类也更有用于及易于理解一个系统内的相关问题。
而且，这样做是明智的，这是因为由于管理上的和行政上的原因，这些有关空气污染，水供应，废水处理和固体废物处理的子域通常由政府机构分别处理。
(完整版)(整理)环境工程专业英语翻译(中英对照)
Unit one Environmental Engineering环境工程What is this book about？这本书是关于什么的？The objective of this book is to introduce engineering and science students to the interdisciplinary study of environment problems；their cause，why they are of concern，and how we can control them. The book includes:这本书的目的是使理工科的学生了解跨学科间的研究环境问题;它们的起因，为什么它们受到关注，以及我们怎样控制它们。
这本书包括：●Description of what is meant by environment and environmental systems描述环境和环境系统意味着什么●Information on the basic causes of environmental disturbances关于引起环境干扰基础原因的基本信息●Basic scientific knowledge necessary to understand the nature of environmental problems and to be able toquantify them理解环境问题本质，并能够定量计算它们所必要的基本科学知识●Current state of the technology of environmental control in its application to water，air and pollution problems目前适用于水，空气和环境污染问题的环境控制技术的现状●Considerable gaps in our current scientific knowledge of understanding and controlling many of the complexinteractions between human activities and nature我们目前的科学知识在理解和控制人类活动和自然之间复杂的相互作用的科学知识上存在相当大的缺陷●Many environmental problems which could be eliminated or reduced by the application of current technology，butwhich are not dealt with because of society’s lack of will to do so，or in many instance because of a lack of resources to do so.许多环境问题可以应用现有技术消除或减少，但没有得到处理是因为社会缺乏这样做的意愿，或者像许多例子那样因为缺乏资源。
最新环境科学与工程专业英语第三版钟理课文翻译5.27
环境科学与工程专业英语第三版钟理课文翻译5.27环境工程专业英语钟理翻译第五部分其它污染及控制技术第二十七单元热污染需要从发电厂中去除的热量非常大。
一个1,000,000 W的发电厂，以40%的效率运行，每小时能将10,000,000 L水升高35℃。
令人不惊讶的是，如此大量的热量加到水系统中，会造成生态破坏。
术语“热污染”就是用来描述这些热影响的。
生命的过程包含了化学反应，做一个大致的估计，温度每升高10℃，化学反应的速率翻倍。
如果我们体内的温度升高5℃左右，也就是说体温为42℃，这种发烧是致命的。
当外界空气温度升高或降低10℃左右，我们的系统会发生什么呢？我们会调节体内的能够维持体温稳定的调节系统。
这是恒温动物，例如哺乳动物和鸟类的特有能力。
与此相反，像鱼这样的非哺乳类水生生物，不能像恒温动物一样，有效率地调节它们的体温。
那么鱼是怎么对温度升高做出响应的呢？当所有的体内反应加速，对氧气的需求和呼吸速率也随之增高。
升高的对氧的需求尤其危急，因为热水与冷水相比，保持溶解氧的容量更小。
在一些最大容忍温度以上，神经系统、呼吸系统和基本细胞过程的停止运行，会导致死亡。
在美国，基本上没有普通鱼类可以在34℃以上的水中生存。
一般来说，不仅仅是鱼，还有整个水生生态系统，都更容易受到温度变化的影响。
例如，食物链的任何破坏，可能会打乱整个系统。
高温被证明是更适合致病菌的生存，所以当致病菌变为更恶性而鱼类变得不那么有抵抗力，热污染可能把鱼的低发病率变成大量鱼的死亡。
在限制的农场或鱼塘的环境中，这种情况已经长时间的发生了，因为包含的水的总量非常小，所以加热起来很简单。
当发生大区域的水的热污染增加，由疾病引起的鱼类的死亡的可能性也会增加。
在发电厂附近的水生生态系统，不仅仅受到高的平均温度的影响，还与不正常的迅速的温度变化的热冲击有关。
因此，冷水物种的发展受到热水阻碍，热水物种的发展受到不可预测的热流的干扰。
发电厂常常位于人口中心附近，许多城市把污水倾倒入河流中。
环境科学与工程专业英语翻译第三版钟理
第二單元環境工程這本書主要關於什麼？這本書の目標是使工程和科學の學生了解學科間の研究環境問題：它們の起因，為什麼它們被關注，我們怎麼控制它們。
這本書包括：●描述環境和環境系統意味著什麼●關於環境破壞基礎原因の信息●理解環境問題本質和能夠定量計算它們所必要の基本科學知識●目前運用在水,空氣,汙染問題の環境控制技術の狀況●我們目前在很多關於理解和控制人類活動、自然之間複雜相互作用の科學知識上存在著相當大の空白●很多環境問題能運用目前の技術消除或減少，但因為社會缺少意願這麼做或在很多例子中因為缺乏資源去這樣做，這些環境問題沒有被處理一些重要の定義：在這本書中，它們第一次被使用，定義被以大寫或印刷成黑體字の形式展示環境是圍繞在我們周圍の物質生命の棲息地，在這兒我們能看到,聽到,觸摸,聞到,和品嘗到系統依據韋氏字典,被定義為“一組或一系列能形成一個整體或者有機整體の相互關聯の事物”，例如，太陽系統，灌溉系統，供應系統，世界和宇宙。
汙染被定義為“在大氣，水或土地中の物質の，化學の或生物の特性の不合意の改變，這一改變有害地影響人類或其它生物の健康，生存，或活動”。
當改進環境質量の目標被用來改進人類福利，“環境”一詞擴展成包括所有の社會，經濟和文化方面の內容。
這一擴展在許多真實情況下是不可行の以及在一本被設計為一學期課程の教科書中也是不實際の。
我們對環境問題の考察因此限於我們對“環境”の定義。
系統の相互作用許多不同の環境問題都與水，空氣或土地系統有關聯。
許多這些問題都只適用於這些系統中の一個，這為這些種類中の細目分類提供了充分の理由。
這樣の分類也更有用於及易於理解一個系統內の相關問題。
而且，這樣做是明智の，這是因為由於管理上の和行政上の原因，這些有關空氣汙染，水供應，廢水處理和固體廢物處理の子域通常由政府機構分別處理。
很遺憾の是，很多重要の環境問題不僅僅限制於空氣，水或土地系統，還包括系統間の相互作用。
現在舉個例子，酸雨問題起源於從發電站煙囪，冶煉廠和汽車尾氣中向大氣排放の含硫二氧化物和氮氧化物。
环境科学与工程专业英语部分课文翻译(3、8、10、15、16、19、23)
Unit 3 What is Waste Reduction/Waste Minimization?什么是废物减量化，废物最少化美国花费了大量的时间在讨论像资源减量化，废物最小化，循环和阻止污染这些术语上，EPA已经提供了以下的定义。
资源减量化：减少在于一个过程中的大量废物的任何行为。
它包括，例如，过程调整，原料调整，提高管理和回收内在循环。
废物最少化：产生的废物最大程度减少，然后处理，存储，或者处置。
它包括了被导致了只要减量化与现在或将来威胁到人类健康和环境的最小化的目标一致的总容量或废物数量的减少或者废物毒性的减少，或者两方面兼备的发生器承担任何资源减量化或循环的活动。
回收：作为一个商业产品的代替品，或作为一个工业过程的原料的利用或再利用。
它包括了废物的有用的小部分或来自允许再用的去除了污染物的废物的在现场或离开现场的回收利用。
污染的防止：污染可能在生产过程之中产生，或者在当一个产品被用作商业用途或被消费者使用的时候产生。
这样可能在三个方式上被阻止：改变投入/减少依赖有毒物或有害的原材料；改变过程/增加效率/提高类似设备修改的维修保养，更好的管理，在过程中闭环循环；或者改变产出/减小对有毒或者有害产品的依赖。
随着1984年危险废物和固体废物修正案资源保护和恢复法的通过，美国国会建立一个国家政策来表明回收或消除危险废物的产生重要性。
美国国会宣称它是一项无论在美国哪里都可行的国家政策，要尽可能迅速地回收或消除危险废物的产生。
然而产生的废物还是应被处理、储存或处置，从而尽量减少现在和将来对人类健康和环境的威胁。
在1990年，美国国会通过污染防治法，建立了一个全国废物管理政策。
表明第一污染应该被预防或回收；;第二，废物应该用一种环保安全的方式进行循环利用；第三，废物应该被处理;最后，废物应该被除去或降解到环境。
在美国，随着这些和其他环境法规的通过，废物最少化成为一种重要的工作理念.废物回收/废物最少化技术同时，对于一些特定的工厂，废物最少化的当然是在具体的工厂或在实地，能用的技术能被分为以下主要几类：●product changes产品改变●process changes过程改变●equipment modifications设备改造●operating practices操作训练●recycling and reuse回收和再利用在实践中，尽量减少废物的机会是有限的，只有被工厂人员的聪明才智所利用. 这种技术已经被运用与大数量的工业和工业化生产过程，同时也被应用于有危险性和非危险性的废物。
环境科学与工程专业英语第三版钟理
环境工程专业英语钟理翻译第三部分水及废水处理第十六单元废水的生物处理法（1）微生物降解和去除工业废水以及城市废水中的不希望存在的成分的应用，并不是一个新的概念。
它是一般废水处理活动的常用过程，而且已经使用了许多年。
随着我们认识到化学品对于环境的污染，许多关于有毒化学物的生物降解方面的研究便出现了。
在这些处理技术之中，生物降解是最有效的。
通过废水的生物处理法，跟其他化学和热处理过程联合使用，使得其在管理方面的应用得以提高。
活化的生物过滤xx生物过滤池为第一阶段，随后活性污泥池为第二阶段，之后是沉淀池。
污泥会循环到生物膜阶段和活性污泥池。
这种方式结合了生物膜和悬浮生长的特性。
活性污泥活性污泥过程是一种典型的悬浮生长的生物处理系统，是用于处理有机和工业废水的最广泛的生物处理过程。
然而，它只能处理含有小于1%悬浮固体的有机废水流，但不能承受浓缩的有机物的冲击式负荷。
因此，加入这个工序的废水流通常是必须经过包含沉淀池(初沉池)和调节池的预处理过程。
初沉池用来处理沙砾、油和脂肪以及总固体物，而调节池则对废水流率的变化进行缓冲同时使活性污泥系统的有机负荷更加均匀。
活性污泥过程用来处理城市和工业废水，因为它们是丰富多样的、灵活的，以及通过调整工艺参数来达到一个我们所希望的水质出水。
这样来命名这个过程，是因为有氧的稳定化处理的废水中，能产生能大量的起作用的微生物。
基础工序有很多的版本，但它们基本上是相同的。
术语“活性污泥”是被应用于工序和在处理单元中生物固体两步的。
混合液悬浮固体或活性污泥，包含各种各样异养的微生物，例如细菌、原生动物、真菌和更大的微生物。
特殊微生物种的主导优势取决于被处理的废物及操作过程中的方法。
活性污泥法是当前最广泛使用的生物处理法。
这部分是基于生物质循环这一结果，生物质循环是整个工艺的一部分，它可以使微生物在相对较短的驯化时间内适应废水组分的变化，并能在较大程度上控制驯化菌的数量。
活性污泥系统包括调节池、沉淀池、曝气池，澄清池、和污泥回流过程。
《环境工程专业英语》马志毅编中文翻译
《环境工程专业英语》马志毅编中文翻译1.The Environment and Environmental Engineering环境和环境工程学Simply said, the environment can be defined as one's surroundings. In terms of the environmental engineer's involvement, however, a more specific definition is needed. T o the environmental engineer, the word environment may take on global dimensions, may refer to a very localized area in which a specific problem must be addressed, or may, in the case of contained environments, refer to a small volume of liquid, gaseous, or solid materials within a treatment plant reactor.简单的说，环境可以定义为我们的周围。
但是就环境工程师参与的角度来说，需要一个更加明确的定义。
对于环境工程师来说，环境这个词可能包含全球范围；也可能专指非常局部的一个地区，在这个地区中涉及到一些具体要解决的问题；或者也可能在密闭的环境中，指处理厂反应器内的一小块液体、气体或固体。
The global environment consists of the atmosphere, the hydrosphere and the lithosphere in which the life-sustaining resources of the earth are contained. The atmosphere, a mixture of gases extending outward from the surface of the earth, evolved from elements of the earth that were gasified during its formation and metamorphosis. The hydrosphere consists of the oceans,the lakes and streams and the shallow groundwater bodies that interflow with the surface water.The lithosphere is the soil mantle that wraps the core of the earth.全球环境由大气圈、水圈和岩石圈所组成，其中包含了维系地球上生命的资源。
环境工程专业英语翻译(中英对照)
Unit one Environmental Engineering环境工程What is this book about？这本书是关于什么的？The objective of this book is to introduce engineering and science students to the interdisciplinary study of environment problems；their cause，why they are of concern，and how we can control them. The book includes:这本书的目的是使理工科的学生了解跨学科间的研究环境问题;它们的起因，为什么它们受到关注，以及我们怎样控制它们。
这本书包括：●Description of what is meant by environment and environmental systems描述环境和环境系统意味着什么●Information on the basic causes of environmental disturbances关于引起环境干扰基础原因的基本信息●Basic scientific knowledge necessary to understand the nature of environmental problems and to be able toquantify them理解环境问题本质，并能够定量计算它们所必要的基本科学知识●Current state of the technology of environmental control in its application to water，air and pollution problems目前适用于水，空气和环境污染问题的环境控制技术的现状●Considerable gaps in our current scientific knowledge of understanding and controlling many of the complexinteractions between human activities and nature我们目前的科学知识在理解和控制人类活动和自然之间复杂的相互作用的科学知识上存在相当大的缺陷●Many environmental problems which could be eliminated or reduced by the application of current technology，butwhich are not dealt with because of society’s lack of will to do so，or in many instance because of a lack of resources to do so.许多环境问题可以应用现有技术消除或减少，但没有得到处理是因为社会缺乏这样做的意愿，或者像许多例子那样因为缺乏资源。
环境工程专业英语(钟理编)英语全文
Unit 13Text: Water Treatment ProcessesOne of the great achievements of modern technology has been to drastically reduce the incidence of waterborne of diseases such as cholera and typhoid fever. These diseases are no longer the great risks to pubic health that they once were. The key to this advance was the recognition that contamination of pubic water supplies by human wastes was the main source ci infection, and that it could be eliminated by more effective water treatment and better waste disposal.Tod ay’s water treatment plants are designed to provide water continuously that meets drinking water standards at the tap. There are four main considerations involved in accomplishing this1 source selection, protection of water quality, treatment methods to be used, and prevention of recontamination. Common precautions to prevent groundwater and surface water pollution include prohibiting the discharge of sanitary and storm sewers close to the water reservoir, installing fences to prevent pollution from recreational uses of water, and restrictions on the application of fertilizers and pesticides in areas that drain to the reservoir.Screening, coagulation/flocculation, sedimentation, filtration. and disinfection are the main unit operations involved in the treatment of surface water. Water treatment operationa fulfill one or more of three key tasks1 removal of particulate substances such aa sand and clay, organic matter, bacteria, and algae; removal of dissolved substances such as those causing color and hardness; and removal or destruction of pathogenic bacteria and viruses. The actual selection of treatment processes depends on the type of water source and the desired water quality.Occasionally, raw water with low turbidity can be treated by plain sedimentation (no chemicals) to remove larger particles and then filtration to remove the few particles that failed to settle out. Usually, however, particles in the raw water are too small to be removed in a reasonably short time through sedimentation and simple filtration alone. To remedy this, a chemical is added to coagulate/flocculate the small particles, called colloids, into large ones, which can then be settled out in sedimentation tanks or removed directly in filters.Removal of Particulate MatterThe unit operations employed for the removal of particulate matter from water include screening, sedimentation, coagulation/flocculation, and filtration.Screening to remove large solids such as logs, branches, rags, and small fish is the first stage in the treatment of water. Allowing such debris into the treatment plant could damage pumps and clog pipes and channels. For the same reasons, water intakes are located below the surface of the lake or river in order to exclude floating objects and minimize physical damage from ice.Sedimentation, the oldest and moat widely used form of water and wastewater treatment, uses gravity settling to remove particles from water. It is relatively simple and inexpensive and can be implemented in basins that are round, square, or rectangular. As noted earlier, sedimentation may follow coagulation and flocculation (for highly turbid water) or be omitted entirely (with moderately turbid water) .Particulates suspended in surface water can range in size from 10-1 to 10-7mm in diameter, the size of fine sand and small clay particles, respectively. Turbidity or cloudiness in water is caused by those particles larger than 10 mm, while particles smaller than 10 mm contribute to the color and taste.Coagulation/flocculation is a chemical-physical procedure whereby particles too small for practical removal by plain sedimentation are destabilized sod clustered together for faster settling©. A significant percentage of particulates suspended in water are so small that settling to the bottom of a tank would take days or weeks. These colloidal particles would never settle by plain sedimentation.Coagulation is s chemical process used to destabilize colloidal particles. The exact mechanism is not well understood, but the general ides is to add a chemical which has positively charged colloids to water containing negatively charged colloids. This will neutralize the negative change on the colloids and thus reduce the tendency for the colloids to repel each other. Rapid mixing for a few seconds is required to disperse the coagulant. Gentle mixing, called flocculation, of the suspension is then undertaken to promote particle contact. This is achieved by mechanical mixing through the use of slowly rotating paddles inside the coagulation/flocculation tank, or by hydraulic mixing which occurs when flow is directed over and around baffles in the tank. Detention time in the coagulation/flocculation tank is usually between 20—40 minutes in tanks 3—4m deep. Through the combined chemical/physical process of coagulation/flocculation, the colloidal particles which would not settle out by plain sedimentation are agglomerated to form larger solids called floe. These appear as fluffy growths of irregular shape that are able to entrap small noncoagulaed particles when settling downward. Aluminum sulfate is the most common coagulant but organic polymers may also be used alone or in combination with alum to improve flocculation. The floe suspension is gently transferred from the coagulation/flocculation tanks to settling tanks, or directly to filters where the floes are removed.DisinfectionTo ensure that water is free of harmful bacteria it is necessary to disinfect it. Chlorination® is the most common method of disinfecting public water supplies. Sufficient quantities of chlorine from chlorine gas or hypochlorites are added to treated water to kill pathogenic bacteria. Chlorination is a reliable, relatively inexpensive, and easy disinfection method to use. Other disinfectants include chloramines, chlorine dioxide, other halogens, ozone, ultraviolet light, and high temperature. Ozonation, which has been used extensively in France, is now gaining acceptance in North America, especially as an alternative to prechlorination where natural organics are present. Although effective, ozone does not leave a lasting residual for long-term disinfection.Ozoanation is the disinfection of water by adding ozone, which is a powerful oxidant of inorganic and organic impurities. Its advantages over chlorine are that it leaves no tastes or odors, and unlike chlorine, it apparently does not react with natural organics to form compounds hazardous to humans.Removal of Dissolved SubstancesAeration is used to remove excessive amounts of iron and manganese from groundwater. These substances cause taste and color problems, interfere with laundering, stain plumbing fixtures, and promote the growth of iron bacteria in water mains. By bubbling air through water, or by creating contact between air and water by spraying, dissolved iron or manganese (Fe2+ , Mn2+) is oxidized to a less soluble form (Fe3+ , Mn4+), which precipitates out and can be removed in s settling tank or filter. Aeration also removes odors caused by hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas.Softening of water is a process that removes hardness, caused by the presence of divalent metallic ions, principally Ca2+ and Mg2+. Hardness in water is the result of contact with soil and rock, particularly limestone, in the presence of CO2.Activated Carbon is an extremely adsorbent material used in water treatment to remove organic contaminants. Activated carbon is produced in a two-stage process. First, a suitable base material such as wood, pest, vegetable matter, or bone is carbonized by heating the material in the absence of air. Then the carbonized material is activated by heating it in the presence of air, CO2 , or steam to burn off any tars it has and to increase its pore size. Adsorption of gases, liquids, and solids by activated carbon is influenced by the temperature and pH of the water as well the complexity of the organics being removed.In reverse osmosis (RO), fresh water is forced through a semipermeable membrane in the direction opposite to that occurring in natural osmosis. Because the membrane removes dissolved salts, the main application for RO has been in desalination. However, the process also removes organic materials, bacteria, and viruses, and its application in water treatment is growing.。
(整理)环境工程专业英语翻译(中英对照)
Unit one Environmental Engineering环境工程What is this book about？这本书是关于什么的？The objective of this book is to introduce engineering and science students to the interdisciplinary study of environment problems；their cause，why they are of concern，and how we can control them. The book includes:这本书的目的是使理工科的学生了解跨学科间的研究环境问题;它们的起因，为什么它们受到关注，以及我们怎样控制它们。
这本书包括：●Description of what is meant by environment and environmental systems描述环境和环境系统意味着什么●Information on the basic causes of environmental disturbances关于引起环境干扰基础原因的基本信息●Basic scientific knowledge necessary to understand the nature of environmental problems and to be able toquantify them理解环境问题本质，并能够定量计算它们所必要的基本科学知识●Current state of the technology of environmental control in its application to water，air and pollution problems目前适用于水，空气和环境污染问题的环境控制技术的现状●Considerable gaps in our current scientific knowledge of understanding and controlling many of the complexinteractions between human activities and nature我们目前的科学知识在理解和控制人类活动和自然之间复杂的相互作用的科学知识上存在相当大的缺陷●Many environmental problems which could be eliminated or reduced by the application of current technology，butwhich are not dealt with because of society’s lack of will to do so，or in many instance because of a lack of resources to do so.许多环境问题可以应用现有技术消除或减少，但没有得到处理是因为社会缺乏这样做的意愿，或者像许多例子那样因为缺乏资源。
环境专业英语课文翻译
环境专业英语课文翻译环境专业英语课文翻译有关环境的科技文献翻译逐渐增多，这对大量了解国外前沿的环境问题、对该学科在国内的发展也起着至关重要的作用。
所以，作为环境领域的科技工作者，必须了解环境学科专业英语的翻译方法技巧以及常用的词汇。
以下是小编整理的环境专业英语课文翻译，欢迎阅读。
【课文】What is the book about?The goal of the book is to enable engineering and science students to understand the environmental issues of interdisciplinary research: their causes, why they are concerned, and how we control them. This book includes:What does it mean to describe the environment and the environmentInformation on the underlying causes of environmental destructionUnderstand the nature of environmental problems and the basic scientific knowledge that can be quantifiedCurrent use of environmental control technologies in water, air and pollutionThere is a considerable gap in many scientific knowledge about understanding and controlling the complex interactions between human activities and natureMany environmental problems can use current technology to eliminate or reduce, but because lack of willingness to do so or in many cases because of the lack of resources to do so, these environmental problems are not processingSome important definitions:In this book, they are used for the first time, and definitions are displayed in either capital or blackThe environment is the habitat of material life around us, and here we can see, hear, touch, smell, and tasteSystem according to Webster's dictionary, is defined as "a group or series of can form a unit or organic whole interrelated things", for example, the solar system, irrigation system, supply system, the world and the universe.Pollution is defined as "in the atmosphere, water or land in the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of undesirable change, this change harmful to affect the health of humans or other organisms, survival, or activities".When the goal of improving environmental quality is used to improve human welfare, the word "environment" expands to include all social, economic and cultural content. This expansion is unfeasible in many real situations and is impractical in a textbook designed for a semester course. Our investigation of environmental problems is therefore limited to our definition of "environment".The interaction of the systemMany different environmental problems are linked to water, air or land systems. Many of these problems apply only to one of these systems, providing sufficient justification for the breakdown of these categories. Such classification is also more useful and easy to understand the related problems in a system. Moreover, it is wise to do so, this is because as a result of the management and administrative reasons, these related to air pollution, water supply, wastewater treatment and solid waste treatment subdomains are usually handled by government agencies, respectively.Unfortunately, many important environmental problems are not limited to air, water or land systems, but also intersystem interactions. For example, the acid rain problem arises from the sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emitted from power plant chimneys, smelters and car exhausts. Then the gas is transported by air to the vast area, and the rain "washes them away", producing acid rain that is harmful to aquatic life, forests and crops. Two environmental problems related to interaction between systems: the increasing global problem of carbon dioxide in the air, and the problem of endemic acid rain.Environmental problemsMany of the major improvements to our standard of living can be attributed to the use of science and technology. Here are some examples. Can you come up with other examples?Produce more and better quality foodCreating protection and living space to avoid extreme environmentsRapid and reliable transport methodsThe invention of various communication systemsThe invention of machines for human and animal physical strengthSafe water supply and waste disposalThe elimination of many infectious diseasesThe elimination of most water-borne diseases by using improved water technology in developed countriesProvide opportunities for cultural and recreational activities through the effectiveness of better productivity (brought by) leisure time.Avoid the worst effects of natural disasters such as floods, droughts, earthquakes and volcanic eruptionsHowever, these improvements have resulted in adverse adverse effects, such as loss of arable land, lost forests, environmental pollution and new organisms that are resistant to control. Many of the little things that were initially thought to be harmful are now considered to be a potential threat to nature and humans. In agricultural society, people basically live in harmony with nature, grow food, collect wood, and make clothes and tools that come from the land. Waste from animals and humans has been returned to earth as fertilizer. There are few problems with water, land or air pollution.Ancient cities, especially cities like the Roman empire, had systems for water supply and disposal of waste. Ancient Roman cities (approximately one million people) were supplied by the ditches in the ancient Roman drains. This is one of the most famous and early examples of sewers built in these systems. Urban technology in ancient cities seemed to have been forgotten for centuries by europeans who built cities. Water supply and waste treatment are neglected, resulting in many outbreaks of diarrhea, cholera, typhoid and other water-borne diseases. Until the middle of the 19th century, people realize the carrying pathogenic organism pollution wastewater error handling, since the 19th century in Britain, Europe and North America since the industrial revolution, grows increasingly fuelled by urbanization and industrialization of the environment. Both urbanization and industrialization were the basic causes of water and air pollution that could not be processed at that time.In the following decades, the rapid development of water quality and some wastewater treatment technologies in developed countries resulted in a sharp reduction in water pollution incidents. Note that all wastes are discharged into theenvironment, thereby contaminating our water, air and land systems.【翻译】这本书主要关于什么？这本书的目标是使工程和科学的学生了解学科间的研究环境问题：它们的起因，为什么它们被关注，我们怎么控制它们。
环境科学与工程专业英语翻译
第四单元阅读材料：Reading Material : Analytical Technique and Methodology第八单元：空气污染物的来源和类型第八单元 Reading Material : Type and Sources of Air Pollutants [ II J 阅读材料：空气污染物的类型和来源（Ⅱ）What are PCBs?什么是多氯联苯？There are 209 possible chlorinated biphenyls, ranging in physical characteristics. 大概有209种氯化联苯，其物理性质不同。
The mono-and dichloro biphenyls ( 27323-18-8), ( 25512-42-9) are colorless crystalline compounds that when burned in air give rise to soot and hydrogen chloride. 一氯联苯和二氯联苯（27323-18-8），（25512-42-9）是无色晶体的化合物，当它们在空气中燃烧会产生烟尘和氯化氢。
The most important products aretri-chlorobiphenyls,tetrachlorobiphenyls, pentachlorobiphenyls and/ or hexachlorobiphenyls. 最重要的产品是三-氯化联苯，四氯联苯，五氯联苯和/或六氯联苯。
Chlorinated biphenyls are soluble in many organic solvents and in water only in the ppm range. 多氯联苯可溶于有机溶剂和仅在水的百万分之一ppm （part per million）的范围内溶解。
环境科学与工程专业英语翻译第三版钟理
第二单元环境工程这本书主要关于什么？这本书的目标是使工程和科学的学生了解学科间的研究环境问题：它们的起因，为什么它们被关注，我们怎么控制它们。
这本书包括：●描述环境和环境系统意味着什么●关于环境破坏基础原因的信息●理解环境问题本质和能够定量计算它们所必要的基本科学知识●目前运用在水,空气,污染问题的环境控制技术的状况●我们目前在很多关于理解和控制人类活动、自然之间复杂相互作用的科学知识上存在着相当大的空白●很多环境问题能运用目前的技术消除或减少，但因为社会缺少意愿这么做或在很多例子中因为缺乏资源去这样做，这些环境问题没有被处理一些重要的定义：在这本书中，它们第一次被使用，定义被以大写或印刷成黑体字的形式展示环境是围绕在我们周围的物质生命的栖息地，在这儿我们能看到,听到,触摸,闻到,和品尝到系统依据韦氏字典,被定义为“一组或一系列能形成一个整体或者有机整体的相互关联的事物”，例如，太阳系统，灌溉系统，供应系统，世界和宇宙。
污染被定义为“在大气，水或土地中的物质的，化学的或生物的特性的不合意的改变，这一改变有害地影响人类或其它生物的健康，生存，或活动”。
当改进环境质量的目标被用来改进人类福利，“环境”一词扩展成包括所有的社会，经济和文化方面的内容。
这一扩展在许多真实情况下是不可行的以及在一本被设计为一学期课程的教科书中也是不实际的。
我们对环境问题的考察因此限于我们对“环境”的定义。
系统的相互作用许多不同的环境问题都与水，空气或土地系统有关联。
许多这些问题都只适用于这些系统中的一个，这为这些种类中的细目分类提供了充分的理由。
这样的分类也更有用于及易于理解一个系统内的相关问题。
而且，这样做是明智的，这是因为由于管理上的和行政上的原因，这些有关空气污染，水供应，废水处理和固体废物处理的子域通常由政府机构分别处理。
很遗憾的是，很多重要的环境问题不仅仅限制于空气，水或土地系统，还包括系统间的相互作用。
现在举个例子，酸雨问题起源于从发电站烟囱，冶炼厂和汽车尾气中向大气排放的含硫二氧化物和氮氧化物。
环境科学与工程专业英语第三版钟理课文翻译5.25
环境工程专业英语钟理翻译第五部分其它污染及控制技术第二十五单元噪音控制（1）噪音是从源传输到接收者的。
因此为了控制噪音，我们可以减少源、中断传输路径或保护接收者。
最明显的减少噪音的产生的方法，是以某种方式改变源。
可能可以通过修改技术方法，从而更安静地完成给定的目标。
因此，机械设计应使部件减少不必要的击打或相互摩擦。
用盘锯而不是手提钻，来打破道路地面。
超声波打桩机可以取代更嘈杂的以蒸汽为动力的的冲击式打桩机。
噪音控制是一个复杂而先进的技术，当它被应用到原设计的潜在源是最有效的。
往往一个设备、一台机器或一个完整的工业设施的设计，只有最大限度地实施其分配功能一个目的。
如果是噪音过大，声学工程师可用“隔音”。
在这种情况下，工程师可能会被迫对一开始就不应该接受的建筑特点更新。
因此，他的大部分努力可能必须适用于，不是声源，而是声音和接收者之间的路径。
声音在空气中的传播是通过压缩和扩展的。
它也穿过其他弹性介质，包括如木材的固体。
这种固体对声音振动响应，因此无法有效地中断其传播。
但是，我们可以使用各种震动非常低效的材料，如羊毛或铅，来吸收声能，并将其转换为热量。
（涉及很少的热量；一个交响乐团的声能和一瓦的电暖器一样，使一个房间变暖和。
）吸音媒介已经广泛的开发；他们被称为声学材料。
我们还可以将机械中断声波应用到更多种类的机械设备中，以这样的方式起作用的设备被称为消音器。
最后，我们也许可以偏转声路以远离接收器，比如由机械控制向上发出排气噪声，而不是向下。
这种偏转事实上，是源和接收者之间的中断。
最后一道防线完全是个人的。
当我们用我们的手捂住我们的耳朵时，我们本能地保护自己。
另外，我们也可以使用耳塞或耳罩。
耳塞和耳罩的组合，可以减少40或50分贝，这可以使喷气飞机的噪声不超过一个真空吸尘器。
这种保护可以防止作战训练造成的耳聋，休闲射击也应穿着。
我们还可以远离噪声源，来保护自己。
在工厂，减少暴露可能采用轮换作业的形式，以便在嘈杂的工作中采取不同的工人轮番上阵。
环境工程专业英语1257单元翻译
Unit one Environmental Engineering环境工程What is this book about？这本书是关于什么的？The objective of this book is to introduce engineering and science students to the interdisciplinary study of environment problems；their cause，why they are of concern，and how we can control them. The book includes:这本书的目的是使理工科的学生了解跨学科间的研究环境问题;它们的起因，为什么它们受到关注，以及我们怎样控制它们。
这本书包括：●Description of what is meant by environment and environmental systems描述环境和环境系统意味着什么●Information on the basic causes of environmental disturbances关于引起环境干扰基础原因的基本信息●Basic scientific knowledge necessary to understand the nature of environmental problems and to be able toquantify them理解环境问题本质，并能够定量计算它们所必要的基本科学知识●Current state of the technology of environmental control in its application to water，air and pollution problems目前适用于水，空气和环境污染问题的环境控制技术的现状●Considerable gaps in our current scientific knowledge of understanding and controlling many of the complexinteractions between human activities and nature我们目前的科学知识在理解和控制人类活动和自然之间复杂的相互作用的科学知识上存在相当大的缺陷●Many environmental problems which could be eliminated or reduced by the application of current technology，butwhich are not dealt with because of society’s lack of will to do so，or in many instance because of a lack of resources to do so.许多环境问题可以应用现有技术消除或减少，但没有得到处理是因为社会缺乏这样做的意愿，或者像许多例子那样因为缺乏资源。
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环境工程专业英语钟理翻译
第五部分其它污染及控制技术
第二十七单元热污染
需要从发电厂中去除的热量非常大。
一个1,000,000 W的发电厂，以40%的效率运行，每小时能将10,000,000 L水升高35℃。
令人不惊讶的是，如此大量的热量加到水系统中，会造成生态破坏。
术语“热污染”就是用来描述这些热影响的。
生命的过程包含了化学反应，做一个大致的估计，温度每升高10℃，化学反应的速率翻倍。
如果我们体内的温度升高5℃左右，也就是说体温为42℃，这种发烧是致命的。
当外界空气温度升高或降低10℃左右，我们的系统会发生什么呢？我们会调节体内的能够维持体温稳定的调节系统。
这是恒温动物，例如哺乳动物和鸟类的特有能力。
与此相反，像鱼这样的非哺乳类水生生物，不能像恒温动物一样，有效率地调节它们的体温。
那么鱼是怎么对温度升高做出响应的呢？当所有的体内反应加速，对氧气的需求和呼吸速率也随之增高。
升高的对氧的需求尤其危急，因为热水与冷水相比，保持溶解氧的容量更小。
在一些最大容忍温度以上，神经系统、呼吸系统和基本细胞过程的停止运行，会导致死亡。
在美国，基本上没有普通鱼类可以在34℃以上的水中生存。
一般来说，不仅仅是鱼，还有整个水生生态系统，都更容易受到温度变化的影响。
例如，食物链的任何破坏，可能会打乱整个系统。
高温被证明是更适合致病菌的生存，所以当致病菌变为更恶性而鱼类变得不那么有抵抗力，热污染可能把鱼的低发病率变成大量鱼的死亡。
在限制的农场或鱼塘的环境中，这种情况已经长时间的发生了，因为包含的水的总量非常小，所以加热起来很简单。
当发生大区域的水的热污染增加，由疾病引起的鱼类的死亡的可能性也会增加。
在发电厂附近的水生生态系统，不仅仅受到高的平均温度的影响，还与不正常的迅速的温度变化的热冲击有关。
因此，冷水物种的发展受到热水阻碍，热水物种的发展受到不可预测的热流的干扰。
发电厂常常位于人口中心附近，许多城市把污水倾倒入河流中。
因为污水的降解依赖氧气，热的河水与冷的相比，更难净化自身。
来自未分解的污水的具有不断增加营养物质的热污染的综合，会导致迅速而过分的藻类繁殖。
因此，热污染带来了肮脏的令人不愉快的河水，或者更加昂贵的污水处理厂。
当水温升高时，合成污染对鱼来说，也变得更加危险。
首先，毒性影响在高温下加速。
第二，热水有利于像藻类的植物品种迅速繁殖。
藻类容易聚集在发电厂的冷凝器上，并且降低水流速率。
发电厂针对这个的解决办法是，间歇式地加入化学毒药到冷却系统中，来清洗管道。
这些有毒物质随后换入下流的出水。
另外，居民和工业用水者更倾向于将处理后的化学品排放物藻类浓度高的水，而不是干净的水。
因此，在温水中，不仅仅鱼类更不容易抵抗毒药，它们也更容易暴露在毒药中。
热力学第二定律告诉我们，我们无法发明一个过程来避免过量热量的产生。
然而，我们可以减少废热的数量，或者我们可以把它用在好的方面。