最新环境科学与工程专业英语重点翻译
环境工程专业英语翻译(中英对照)
Unit one Environmental Engineering环境工程What is this book about?这本书是关于什么的?The objective of this book is to introduce engineering and science students to the interdisciplinary study of environment problems;their cause,why they are of concern,and how we can control them. The book includes:这本书的目的是使理工科的学生了解跨学科间的研究环境问题;它们的起因,为什么它们受到关注,以及我们怎样控制它们。
这本书包括:●Description of what is meant by environment and environmental systems描述环境和环境系统意味着什么●Information on the basic causes of environmental disturbances关于引起环境干扰基础原因的基本信息●Basic scientific knowledge necessary to understand the nature of environmental problems and to be able toquantify them理解环境问题本质,并能够定量计算它们所必要的基本科学知识●Current state of the technology of environmental control in its application to water,air and pollution problems目前适用于水,空气和环境污染问题的环境控制技术的现状●Considerable gaps in our current scientific knowledge of understanding and controlling many of the complexinteractions between human activities and nature我们目前的科学知识在理解和控制人类活动和自然之间复杂的相互作用的科学知识上存在相当大的缺陷●Many environmental problems which could be eliminated or reduced by the application of current technology,butwhich are not dealt with because of society’s lack of will to do so,or in many instance because of a lack of resources to do so.许多环境问题可以应用现有技术消除或减少,但没有得到处理是因为社会缺乏这样做的意愿,或者像许多例子那样因为缺乏资源。
(完整版)(整理)环境工程专业英语翻译(中英对照)
Unit one Environmental Engineering环境工程What is this book about?这本书是关于什么的?The objective of this book is to introduce engineering and science students to the interdisciplinary study of environment problems;their cause,why they are of concern,and how we can control them. The book includes:这本书的目的是使理工科的学生了解跨学科间的研究环境问题;它们的起因,为什么它们受到关注,以及我们怎样控制它们。
这本书包括:●Description of what is meant by environment and environmental systems描述环境和环境系统意味着什么●Information on the basic causes of environmental disturbances关于引起环境干扰基础原因的基本信息●Basic scientific knowledge necessary to understand the nature of environmental problems and to be able toquantify them理解环境问题本质,并能够定量计算它们所必要的基本科学知识●Current state of the technology of environmental control in its application to water,air and pollution problems目前适用于水,空气和环境污染问题的环境控制技术的现状●Considerable gaps in our current scientific knowledge of understanding and controlling many of the complexinteractions between human activities and nature我们目前的科学知识在理解和控制人类活动和自然之间复杂的相互作用的科学知识上存在相当大的缺陷●Many environmental problems which could be eliminated or reduced by the application of current technology,butwhich are not dealt with because of society’s lack of will to do so,or in many instance because of a lack of resources to do so.许多环境问题可以应用现有技术消除或减少,但没有得到处理是因为社会缺乏这样做的意愿,或者像许多例子那样因为缺乏资源。
环境科学与工程专业英语词汇必备
环境科学与工程专业词汇包括环境学总论、环境地学、环境生物学、环境化学、环境物理学、环境工程学、环境医学、环境经济学、环境管理学、环境法学、环境教育等11 大类。
环境学总论原生环境 primary environment 次生环境 secondary environment生态示范区 ecological demonstrate area环境地质学 environmental geology环境地球化学 environmental geo-chemistry环境土壤学environmental soil science环境微生物学 environmental microbiology 环境危机 environmental crisis环境保护 environmental protection环境展望 environmental forecasting环境自净environmental self-purification环境效应 environmental effect 环境容量 environmental capacity环境演化 evolution of environment环境酣畅度 environmental comfort环境背景值(本底值)environmental background value环境保护产业(环保产业)environmental production industry环境壁垒(绿色壁垒) environmental barrier绿色革命green revolution可连续发展sustainable development第三类环境问题(社会环境问题)the third environmental problem悬浮物 suspended solids一次污染物 primary pollutant 二次污染物 secondary pollutant 全球性污染 global pollution 排污收费 pollution charge可更新资源 renewable resources不可以更新资源 non-renewableresources自然保护区 natural reserve area防范林 protection forest公害 public nuisance矿山公害 mining nuisance工业废水 industrial waste water矿山废水 mining drainage生活饮用水 domestic potable water草原退化 grassland degeneration沙漠化 desertification人口压力 population pressure人口净增率 rate of population全球环境监测系统 global environment monitoring system GEMS中国环境保护工作目标 Chinese policy for environment protection“三同时”原则principle of“the threeat the same time”二噁英公害 dioxine nuisance马斯河谷烟雾事件 disaster in Meuse Valley多诺拉烟雾事件disaster in Donora伦敦烟雾事件 disaster in London水俣病事件 minamata disease incident骨痛病事件 itai-itai disaster incident洛杉矶光化学烟雾事件 Los Angeles photochemical smog episode四日市哮喘事件Yokkaichi asthma episode米糠油事件Yusho disease incident环境地学水圈 hydrosphere最低水位lowest water level 水循环 water circulation平均水位average water level 地面水(地表水)surface water警戒水位warning water level 水位 water level流速flow velocity下渗(入渗)sinking流量discharge蒸发 evaporation洪水期flood season最高水位highest water level枯水期low-water season冲刷 washout含水层 aquifer隔水层(不透水层) aquiclude透水层 permeable stratum 层间水 interlayer water承压水(有压层间水)confined water或自流水 artesian water孔隙水 void water岩溶水(喀斯特水)karst water径流 runoff flow地表径流runoff地下水 ground water流域保护 water basin protection淡水 fresh water 咸水 saltwater降水 precipitation积淀降水量 amount of precipitation降水强度intensity of precipitation水环境容量carrying capacity of water environment水土流失(土壤损害)soil and water loss 点源污染point source pollution面源污染non-point source pollution扩散 diffusion涡流 eddy current涡流扩散eddy diffusion富营养化废水 eutrophic waste-water污水 sewage漫灌 flood irritation水底聚积物(底质或底泥) benthal deposit 总固体 total solids悬浮固体 suspended solids总溶解固体 total dissolved solids河流复氧常数 constantof river reoxygenation湖泊酸化 lake acidification富营养化 eutrophication富营养湖 eutrophic lake中营养湖 mesotrophic lake贫营养湖 oligotrophic lake水库 reservoir海洋办理 sea disposal海底采样 sea floor sample赤潮(红潮) red tide海水淡化 desalination of seawater海底聚积物 sea bottom sediment 海洋倾倒ocean dumping水质 water quality水资源综合利用 water resource integrated utilization水土保持 soil and water conservation河流整改 channel improvement水污染毒性生物评价biological assessment of water pollution toxicity水利工程 hydro-engineering水体自净 self-purification of water body 水环境保护功能区(水质功能区)functional district of water environment土地办理系统 land treatment system土地沙漠化 land desertification土壤肥力soil fertility土壤酸碱度soil acidity and alkalinity土壤污染防治prevention and treatment of soil pollution土壤盐渍化(土壤盐碱化) soil salination土壤酸化 soil acidification母质(土壤母质或成土母质)parent material土壤剖面soil profile腐殖质化humification淋溶作用leaching土壤改良soil improvement土壤粒级soil separate土壤质地soil texture缓冲作用 buffering/buffer action缓冲剂 buffering agent/buffer 缓冲容量 buffer capacity盐基饱和度 base saturation percentage灌溉 irrigation富里酸 fuvic acid胡敏素 humin土壤聚会体soil aggregate土壤退化(土壤困穷化) soil degeneration土壤地带性 soil zonality污水灌溉wastewater irrigation臭氧层 ozone layer降水 precipitation降水量 rainfall降水强度 precipitation intensity大气环境容量 atmospheric environmental capacity事后议论afterwards assessment烟尘除掉 elimination of smoke and dust 温室效应 greenhouse effect大气扩散atmospheric diffusion烟羽(烟流或羽流)plume逆温 inversion环境生物学生境 habitat耐受极限limits of tolerance最小因子定律law of minimum生物检测bioassay环境威胁environmental stress生物多样性bio-diversity生态位 niche生命周期life cycle生态型 ecotype自养生物autotrophy异养生物heterotroph指数增添exponential growth互利共生mutualism偏利共生commensalisms寄生 parasitism衍生物 derivative杀虫剂 insecticide杀菌剂 fungicide除草剂 herbicide防腐剂 preservative杀鼠剂 rodenticide无残留农药 non-persistent pesticide植物性农药 phytopesticide污水灌溉sewage irrigation世界自然历史遗产保护地 world natural and historical heritage site 储量 stock过分捕获 over-hunting; over-fishing猎(渔)期 open season农业残渣agricultural dregs赤潮 red tide藻花 algae bloom/ 水花 water bloom 原生污染物 primary pollutant次生污染物 secondary pollutant急性毒性实验 acute toxicity test慢性毒性实验chronic toxicity test预备实验 screening test; range-findingtest; preliminary test 稀释 dilution归宿 fate生物积累bioaccumulation生物浓缩bioconcentration生物放大biomagnification生物降解 biological degradation;biodegradation生物营养物质biotic nutrient多污生物带polysaprobic zone中污生物带mesosaprobic zone寡污生物带oligosaprobic zone敏感种 sensitive species; intolerantorganism耐污种 tolerant species生物滤池biological filter净化塘 / 氧化塘 / 生物塘 purification pond生物膜 biomembrane; biological film轮作 crop rotation间作 intercropping套种 interplanting基塘模式 farm land and fish pond model防范林带 shelter belt沼气 marsh gas农家肥 farm manure堆肥 piled manure城市热岛效应 urban heat island effect 城市生态规划 urban ecological planning环境激素endocrine disrupting chemicals;endocrine disruptors边缘效应edge effect生态恢复 ecological restoration 恢复生态学 restoration ecological环境化学甲基汞 methyl mercury有机磷农药 organophosphorous pesticide 镉米 cadmium rice氨基甲酸酯杀虫剂carbamate insecticide 农药残留 pesticide residue拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂pyrethroid insecticide 有机氯农药 organochlorine pesticide植物生长调治剂growth regulator化学致癌物 chemical carcinogen表面活性剂 surfactant多氯联苯类polychlorinated biphenyls;PCBs多环芳烃类 polyaromtic hydrocarbon;PAH 催化(催化作用) catalysis臭氧化 ozonization光化学氧化剂 photochemical oxidant过氧乙酰硝酸酯peroxyacetyl nitrate;PAN 干沉降 dry deposition湿沉降 wet deposition光化学烟雾 photochemical smog大气光化学 atmospheric photochemistry降水化学 precipitation chemistry气溶胶化学 aerosol chemistry悬浮颗粒物 suspended particulate总悬浮颗粒物total suspended particulates(TSP)飘尘(可吸入颗粒物或可吸入尘)airborne particle降尘(落尘)dustfall;falling dust气溶胶 aerosol水质 water quality盐度 salinity氧化还原电位 oxidation-reduction potential ; redox potential溶解氧 dissolved oxygen化学需氧量 chemical oxygen demand 生化需氧量 biochemical oxygen demand 总有机碳 total organic carbon溶解度 solubility齐聚 aggregation絮凝 flocculation凝聚 coagulation离子交换ion exchange萃取 extraction缓冲溶液buffer solution氧平衡模式(氧垂曲线) oxygen balance model吸取剂 ( 吸附剂 )absorbent活性炭 active carbon氧化剂 oxidant还原剂 reductant胶团 micelle胶体溶液colloidal solution脱硫剂 desulfurization agent 电渗析 electrodialysis萃取剂 extracting agent过滤 filter絮凝剂 flocculant ; flocculating agent 无机絮凝剂 inorganic flocculant有机高分子絮凝剂 organic polymer flocculant中和法 neutralization反浸透膜 reverse osmosis membrane硅胶 silica gel蒸汽蒸馏steam distillation超滤膜 ultrafilter membrane矫捷度 sensitivity正确度 accuracy精美度 precision可靠性 reliability检测限 detection limit相对误差relative error绝对误差absolute error有时误差accidental error平均误差mean deviation采样误差sampling error标准溶液standard solution标准物质standard substance赞同误差allowable error赞同浓度 allowable concentration微量解析 microanalysis痕量解析trace analysis现场解析in-situ analysis仪器解析 instrumental analysis 水质解析 water quality analysis 比色解析 colorimetric analysis 沉降解析 sedimentation analysis自动解析automatic analysis原子吸取分光光度法atomic absorption spectrophotometry原子吸取分光光度计atomic absorption spectrophotometer原子荧光光谱法 atomic fluorescence spectrometry原子荧光光谱仪 atomic fluorescence spectrometer电化学解析法 electrochemical method 高效液相色谱法 high performance liquid chromatography高效液相色谱仪high performance liquidchromatograph气相色谱解析 gas chromatography气相色谱仪 gas chromatograph 采样器 sampler大气采样器air sampler底泥采样器sediment samplerpH 计 pH meter湿度计 hygrometer固定大气污染源stationary sources of air pollution搬动大气污染源mobile sources of airpollution固定式水污染源stationary sources of water pollution搬动式水污染源 mobile sources of water pollution污染负荷pollution load污染源检查 survey of pollution sources无污染工艺 pollution-free technology 无污染装置 pollution-freeinstallation污染物总量控制 total amount control of pollution水质参数 water quality parameter水温 water temperature色度 color index透明度 transparency污浊度 turbidity硬度 hardness感官污介入标sensuous pollution index毒理学污介入标physical pollution index 化学污介入标chemical pollution index细菌学污染指标bacteriological pollution index毒理学污介入标toxicological pollutionindex城市污水municipal sewage生活污水domestic sewage工业废水industrial wastewater老例解析指标 index of routine analysis环境监测 environmental monitoring 过程监测 course monitoring污染物排放标准 pollution discharge standard总量排放标准 total amount of pollution discharge standard 优先监测priority monitoring环境优先污染物environmental priority pollutant总固体 total solids可吸入微粒 ( 可吸入尘和飘尘 )inhale particles浊度计 turbidimeter实验室质量控制laboratory quality conrol空白实验值blank value平行样 duplicate samples再现性 ( 重现性 )reproducibility重复性 repeatability回收率 recovery rate检出限 detection limit冷原子吸收法cold-vapor atomic absorption method紫外吸取光谱法ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry重量解析gravimetric analysis内标法 internal marker method定性解析qualitative analysis定量解析quantitive analysis试样前办理pre-treatment均值 mean value标准差 standard error方差 variation回归解析regression analysis相关解析correlation analysis相关系数correlation coefficient系统误差systematic error随机误差random error有效数字valid figure农药残留解析pesticide residue analysis 排污收费effluent charge室内空气污染indoor air pollution水体自净 self-purification of water body 水土保持 soil and water conservation水土流失 soil erosion土壤修复soil-remediation生物修复bioremediation光降解 photodegradation温室气体greenhouse gases总量收费total quantity charge超临界流体supercritical fluid土壤采样soil pollution环境物理学光辐射 ( 光)visible radiation相对湿度relative humidity红外线 infrared ray饱和度saturation ratio紫外线 ultraviolet ray冷凝condensation灭菌灯 bactericidal lamp露点温度dew point temperature 光污染 light pollution热辐射thermal radiation噪声污染noise pollution比热specific heat混响 reverberation空气调治air conditioning听力损失hearing loss通风ventilation绝对湿度absolute humidity环境工程学环境污染综合防治integrated preventionand control of pollution环境功能区划 environmental function zoning稀释比 dilution ratio迁移 transfer紊流扩散 turbulent diffusion氧亏 ( 亏氧量 )oxygen deficit复氧 reaeration溶解氧下垂曲线 dissolved-oxygen sag curve饱和溶解氧 saturated dissolved无污染燃料 pollution-free fuel燃烧 combustion空气-燃料比 air-to-fuel ratio烟气解析 analysis of flue gas煤的综合利用 comprehensive utilizationof coal气布比 air-to-cloth ratio机械振动清灰袋式除尘器bag house with shake cleaning逆气流清灰袋式除尘器bag house with reverse-flow cleaning脉冲喷吹清灰袋式除尘器bag house with pulse-jet cleaning静电除尘 electrostatic precipitator (ESP)高压脉冲静电除尘器 pulse charging electrostatic precipitator湿式静电除尘器 wet electrostatic precipitator双区静电除尘器(两段式电除尘器)重力喷雾洗涤器 gravitational spray 脱硫 desulfurization除尘效率 particle collection efficiency切割粒径 cut diameter for particles压力损失(压力降)pressure drop机械除尘器 mechanical collector重力沉降室 gravity settling chamber惯性除尘器 inertial dust separator旋风除尘器 cyclone collector回流式旋风除尘器reverse-flow cyclone collector直流旋风除尘器straight-through cyclone collector多管旋风除尘器multiple cyclone collector过滤除尘器 filter袋式除尘器 bag house滤料 filtration media电晕放电 corona discharge驱进速度 drift velocity集尘极 collecting electrode板间距 distance between collecting electrodes电极清灰 removal of collected particlefrom electrodes宽间距静电除尘器wide space electrostatic precipitatortwo-stage electrostatic precipitator湿式除尘器wet collector of particulates scrubber旋风冲洗器centrifugal scrubber中心喷雾旋风洗涤器 ]cyclone spray scrubber泡沫冲洗塔 foam tower scrubber 填料床冲洗器 packed bed scrubber 文丘里冲洗器 venturi scrubber双膜理论two-film theory气膜控制gas film control液膜控制liquid film control穿透曲线break through curve催化剂 catalyst催化剂中毒poisoning of catalyst烟气脱硫flue gas desulfurization (FGD)湿法脱硫 wet process of FGD石灰-石灰石法脱硫desulfurization bylime and limestone氨吸取法脱硫 ammonia process of FGD干法脱硫 dry process FGD吸取法控制氮氧化物control of NO x by absorption水吸取法脱氮 control of NO by absorptionxprocess with water酸吸取法脱氮 control of NO x by absorption process with acid碱吸取法脱氮 control of x NOby absorption process with alkali吸附法控制氮氧化物control of NO x by adsorption分子筛吸附法脱氮 control of NO byx立式圆形沉砂池vertical circular gritsettling tank圆形周边运动沉砂池circular perimeterflow grit settling tank重力排砂 grit discharge by gravity水力提升排砂grit discharge with hydraulic elevator水力旋流器 hydraulic cyclone积淀池 settling tank重力积淀池 gravity settling tank浓缩式积淀池 thickening settling tank竖流折板絮凝池 vertical table flap flocculating tank机械搅拌絮凝池 mechanical mixing flocculating tank加压溶气气浮法 pressure dissolved-air floatation adsorption process with molecular sieve 硅胶吸附法脱氮control of NO x by adsorption process with silica gel气体生物净化biotreatment of gaseous pollutant生物过滤器biofilter汽车尾气污染pollution of automobile exhaust gal生物脱臭biotreatment of oder集气罩 capture hood烟囱有效排放高度effective height of emmission干净生产cleaner production矿山废水mining drainage电镀废水 electroplating wastewater给水办理厂 water treatment plant 污水办理厂 wastewater treatment给水(污水)办理修筑物water(sewage)treatment structure污水集水井swage joining well废水调治池wastewater flow equalization basin格栅 grill筛网 grid screen沉砂池 grit settling tank曝气沉砂池aeration grit settling tank平流式沉砂池horizontal grit settlingtank斜板(斜管)沉淀池sloping plank(pipe)settling tank辐流式积淀池radial settling tank平流式积淀池 horizontal settling tank竖流式积淀池 vertical settling tank悬浮污泥澄清池suspended sludge clarifier脉冲澄清池pulse clarifier水力循环澄清池hydraulic circulating clarifier颗粒自由沉降 particle free sediment絮凝沉降 flocculation sedimentation拥挤沉降 hindered sedimentation 气浮池 floatation basin微电解法micro electroanalysis过滤池 filter重力过滤法 gravity filtration process 压力过滤法 pressure filtration process 真空过滤法 vacuum filtration process快滤池 rapid filtration慢滤池 slow filtration接触滤池 contact filter双向滤池 bidirectional filter双层滤料滤池 double layer filter无阀滤池 non-valve filter虹吸滤池 siphon filter压力滤池 pressure filterV 型滤池 aquazur V-filter砂滤 sand filtration微滤机 microstrainer滤池冲刷强度backwashing intensity of filter滤层 filter material layer滤料承托层 holding layer for filter material斜板隔油积淀池oil trap with slope plank 冷却塔 cooling tower湿式氧化法wet oxidation process反应池 reaction basin叶轮搅拌器turbine mixer膜分别法 membrane separation method节余污泥 surplus sludge初次积淀池primary sedimentation basin完全混合曝气池completely mixed aeration basin二次沉淀池secondary sedimentation basin污泥沉降比sludge settling ratio污泥容积指数sludge velum index污泥负荷volume loading纯氧曝气法oxygen aeration method扩散曝气设备diffusion aerator机械曝气装置mechanical aerator曝气时间aeration time污泥龄 sludge age活性污泥培养activated sludge culture活性污泥驯化domestication of activated sludge粉末炭活性炭法powdered carbon activated sludge process污泥膨胀sludge bulking 半浸透膜 semi-permeable membrane电渗析 electrodialysis反浸透 reverse osmosis离子交换膜 ion exchange membrane萃取 extraction汽提 stripping吹脱法 blow-off method臭氧氧化法ozonation臭氧发生器ozonator磁分别法 magnetic isolation method 光催化氧化 optical catalysis oxidation 消融水办理 softening water treatment石灰-纯碱消融法 lime-sodium carbonate softening method废水好氧/厌氧处理biological aerobic/anaerobic treatment of wastewater微生物内源代谢microorganism intrinsic metabolism微生物合成代谢microorganism synthetic metabolism基质分解代谢substrate degradation metabolism活性污泥法 activated sludge process回流污泥 return sludge曝气池 aeration推流式曝气池 plug-flow aeration basin 一般活性污泥法 conventional activatedsludge process分段曝气法step aeration method延时曝气法 extended aeration method加速曝气法 accelerant aeration method深井曝气法 deep well aeration method鼓风曝气装置blast aerator射流曝气设备efflux aerator表面曝气装置surface aerator生物滤池biological filter高负荷生物滤池high-loading biologicalfilter水力负荷hydraulic loading有机负荷organic loading塔式生物滤池 tower biological filer生物转盘 biological rotating disc 生物流化床 biological fluidized bed活性生物滤池 activated biofilter化粪池 septic tank污水硝化脱氮办理 nitrogen removal from wastewater by nitrification污水反硝化脱氮处理 nitrogen removal from wastewater by denitrification污水硝化—反硝化脱氮处理n itrogen removal from wastewater by nitridenitrification土地办理系统 land treatment system氧化塘 oxidation pond好氧塘 aerobic pond兼性塘 facultative pond厌氧塘 anaerobic pond曝气氧化塘aerated oxidation pondICEAS intermittent cyclic extended aeration system间歇循环延时曝气活性污泥法DAT-IAT工艺demand aeration tankintermittent aeration tank system( 需氧池-间歇池 )A /O 工艺 anoxic/ oxic1A2/O 工艺 anaerobic oxicPhostrip工艺 phostriop processBardenpho 工艺 Bardenpho process Phoredox 工艺 Phoredox processUCT工艺 university of cape townVIP 工艺 Virginia initiative plant厌氧生物滤池(AF)anaerobic filter厌氧接触法anaerobic contact process厌氧生物转盘anaerobic biological rotating disc两相厌氧消化two-phase anaerobic digest 序批式间歇反应器series batch reactor氧化沟 oxidation ditch上流式厌氧污泥床upflow anaerobic sludge blanketMSBR modified sequencing batch reactor消毒 disinfection灭菌 sterilization加氯机 chlorinator氯化消毒chlorization disinfection漂白粉消毒disinfection b ybleachingpowder紫外线消毒disinfection with ultraviolet rays 加氯消毒 disinfection by chlorine液氯 liquified chlorine gas需氯量 chlorine demand余氯 chlorine residual游离性余氯free chlorine residual化合性余氯 combined chlorine residual折点加氯 chlorination breakpoint过氧化氢消毒 disinfection by hydrogenperoxide除味 taste removal除臭 odor removal脱色 decoloration生污泥 undigested sludge熟污泥 digested sludge污泥办理disposal of sludge污泥综合利用comprehensive utilizationof sludge真空过滤法vacuum flotation process污泥浓缩sludge thickening污泥消化sludge digestion污泥脱水sludge dewatering污泥干化sludge drying污泥燃烧sludge incineration真空过滤机脱水dewatering byvacuumfilter板框压滤机脱水dewatering by plate framepress filter辊轧式脱水机脱水dewatering byrollpress带式压滤机脱水dewatering by belt pressfilter离心式脱水机脱水dewatering by centrifuge中温消化处理middle temperature digestive treatment高温消化办理high temperature digestive treatment污泥堆肥发酵办理sludge composting and fermentation污泥浓缩池sludge thickener污泥消化池sludge digestion tank污泥产气率 gas production rate of sludge 污泥干化场 sludge drying bed固体废物solid wastes城市生活垃圾municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾堆放处置法dumpingofmunicipal solid wastes助燃空气系统 air injection system城市生活垃圾卫生填埋法 sanitary余热利用 heat utilizationlandfilling of municipal solid wastes燃烧灰渣 ash城市生活垃圾焚烧法 incineration of水泥固化技术 cement solidification municipal solid wastes石灰固化 lime solidification城市生活垃圾分类sorting of municipal沥青固化技术 asphalt solidificationsolid wastes固体废物预办理 preliminary treatment of 城市生活垃圾收集 collection of solid wastesmunicipal solid wastes破碎 crushing of solid wastes垃圾收费 refuse taxing筛分 screening of solid wastes废电池 used battery风力分选 wind separation有毒有害工业固体废物toxic industrial放射性固体废物 radioactive solid waste wastes声级计 sound level meter医疗废物 health care wastes消声室 anechoic room; anechoic chamber;堆肥 composting dead room填埋场 landfill混响室 reverberation room渗滤液 leachate treatment隔声 sound insulation燃烧炉 incineration furnaces吸声 muffler环境卫生学 environmental hygiene 环境毒理学 environmental toxicology 口蹄疫 foot-and-mouth disease流行病学epidemiology地方病 endemic disease氟斑牙 dental fluorosis职业病 occupational disease慢性毒性 chronic toxicity 急性毒性 acute toxicity致癌物 carcinogen变异 variation病原体 pathogen抗体 antibody抗原 antigen突变 mutation病毒 virus存储器官storage organ致突变作用mutagenesis致畸作用teratogenesis环境医学致癌作用carcinogensis摄入量 intake dose吸取量 absorbed dose卫生标准health standard最高容许浓度 maximum permissibleconcentration致死量 lethal dose半致死浓度median lethalconcentration(LD50)剂量-反应关系dose-responserelationship恶臭 offensive odor共同作用synergism拮抗作用antagonism因果关系cause-effect relationship相关关系correlation阈限值 threshold limit value(TLV)高危人群population at high risk易感人群susceptible populatio环境管理学环境管理学environmental management环境合适度environmental suitability science环境区划environmental zoning环境伦理学environmental ethics环境展望environmental forecasting环境质量管理management of环境质量评价environmental quality environmental quality evaluation环境影响评价environmental impact assessment环境规划environmental planning环境决策分析 environmental decision analysis总量控制total discharge control of pollutant浓度控制concentration control排污收费effluent charge排污申报登记declaration and registration of pollutant discharge排污许可证permit for pollutant discharge生物安全biosafety环境监察 environmental supervision and management环境宣传教育 environmental propagandaand education环境意识 environmental consciousness 环境质量报告书 report on environmentalquality环境影响评价报告书report on environmental impact assessment公众建议听证会 public hearing循环经济 cyclic economy预防为主、防治结合、综合治理原则principle of giving priority to pollution prevention,combining prevention and control, and integratedcontrol全面现划、合理布局原则principle ofoverall planning and rational layout谁污染谁治理 polluter-treats综合利用、化害为利原则principle ofcomprehensive utilization and turning harm into good谁开发谁保护explorer-protects协调发展原则principle of coordinateddevelopment国家环境保护模范城市national environmental protection model city全国生态示范区 national ecologicaldemonstration area环境信息environmental information环境管理信息系统information system forenvironmental management环境专家系统environmentalexpert system环境监测 environment monitoring环境标志 environmental label 干净生产 cleaner production环境审计environmental audit产品生命周期life cycle of product环境法学环境法学 science of environmental law限时治理制度 system of eliminating and环境保护法 environmental protection law controlling environmental pollution 公害法 public nuisance law within a prescribed time环境行政法规 administrative regulations现场检查制度system of on-site of environment inspection环境部门规章 departmental rules of环境污染事故报告制度 system of environment environmental pollution accident 污染物排放标准 pollutant discharge reportingstandard《中华人民共和国环境保护法》“三同时”制度 three simultaneitysystem Environmental Protection Law of the 排污审报登记制度 declaration and People ’ s Republic of Chinaregistration system of pollution《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》law of discharge the People ’ s Republic of China on 排污许可证制度 permit system of prevention and control of water pollutant discharge pollution排污收费制度 system of effluent《中华人民共和国大气污染防治法》law ofthe People ’ s Republic of China on《全国生态环境保护纲要》 national prevention and control of atmospheric compendiumoneco-environmentalpollution protection《中华人民共和国环境噪声污染防治法》地表水环境质量标准 environmental law of the People’ s Republic of China quality standard for surface wateron prevention and control of pollution地下水质量标准 quality standard for from environmental noise ground water《中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境法》农业灌溉水质标准standard for law of the People’ s Republic of China irrigation water qualityon prevention and control of污水综合排放标准 integrated wastewater environmental pollution by solid waste discharge standard《中华人民共和国海洋环境保护法》marine大气污染物综合排放标准 integrated environmentprotection law of the emission standard of air pollutantsPeople ’s Republic of China《全国生态环境建设规划》 nationaleco-environmental construction plan环境经济学循环经济模式 circular economy type牧童经济 the shepherd economy3R 原则 the rules of 3R(reducing, reusing, recycling)生态经济学 eco-economics 共有资源 common resources 外面经济性 external economics外面不经济性 external diseconomics外面成本 external cost边缘功能marginal utility边缘收益marginal benefit粗放经营extensive management集约经营intensive management自然资本 natural capital公正 equity代际补偿compensation between generations绿色公民帐户green national account可连续发展sustainable development公共物品public goods环境保护贸易政策 trade policy for environmental protection绿色壁垒green tariff barrier国民生产总值gross national production(GNP)国民生产净值net national production(NNP)公民收入national income 环境污染弹性系数environmental pollution elasticity回收率 reuse rate物质平衡material balance物料衡算 material balance counting影子价格 shadow price 现行价格present price 贴现 discount机遇成本opportunity cost运行花销operation cost城市气化率urban population ratio of used gas城市绿化覆盖率urban green cover ratio环境效益environmental benefit成本效益解析cost and benefit analysis环境花销environmental cost排污权交易marketable pollution permits 生态踪影the ecological footprint环境税 environmental tax资源财富assets of resource资源产权property right of resource最低安全标准 minimum standard of security代际公正 equality between generation尾端控制 terminal control公地的悲剧 tragedy of the public pasture 中间产品 intermediate product 最后产品 final product直接污染物产生 / 排放系数 direct ratepollutant generation/discharge人口计划生育率 populationplanning coefficient fertility rate累积污染物产生 / 排放系数 cumulate平均寿命 average lifepollutant generation/discharge人口年龄金字塔 population age pyramid coefficient人口老化 population aging排污收费 charge from discharge pollutant人口节余 over-population污染者负担原则polluter pay principle人口爆炸 population explosion资源税 resource tax计划生育 family planning人口出生率 population birth rate人口统计 population statistics人口死亡率 population mortality rate人口普查 population census人口自然增添率population nature growth环境教育环境教育目标objectives of environmental education多学科环境教育课程模式 multi-disciplinary model of environmental education 跨学科环境教育模式 inter-disciplinary model of environmental education中学环境教育大纲 environmental education standard for secondary school环境教育活动的设计 design of environmental education activity野外环境教育基地environmental education field base公众参加public participation环境意识environmental awareness中国中小学绿色教育行动environmental educators initiative of china。
环境工程专业英语翻译(中英对照)
Unit one Environmental Engineering环境工程What is this book about?这本书是关于什么的?The objective of this book is to introduce engineering and science students to the interdisciplinary study of environment problems;their cause,why they are of concern,and how we can control them. The book includes:这本书的目的是使理工科的学生了解跨学科间的研究环境问题;它们的起因,为什么它们受到关注,以及我们怎样控制它们。
这本书包括:●Description of what is meant by environment and environmental systems描述环境和环境系统意味着什么●Information on the basic causes of environmental disturbances关于引起环境干扰基础原因的基本信息●Basic scientific knowledge necessary to understand the nature of environmental problems and to be able toquantify them理解环境问题本质,并能够定量计算它们所必要的基本科学知识●Current state of the technology of environmental control in its application to water,air and pollution problems目前适用于水,空气和环境污染问题的环境控制技术的现状●Considerable gaps in our current scientific knowledge of understanding and controlling many of the complexinteractions between human activities and nature我们目前的科学知识在理解和控制人类活动和自然之间复杂的相互作用的科学知识上存在相当大的缺陷●Many environmental problems which could be eliminated or reduced by the application of current technology,butwhich are not dealt with because of society’s lack of will to do so,or in many instance because of a lack of resources to do so.许多环境问题可以应用现有技术消除或减少,但没有得到处理是因为社会缺乏这样做的意愿,或者像许多例子那样因为缺乏资源。
环境科学与工程专业英语翻译
环境科学与工程专业英语翻译第四单元阅读材料:Reading Material : Analytical Technique and Methodology第八单元:空气污染物的来源和类型第八单元 Reading Material : Type andSources of Air Pollutants [ II J阅读材料:空气污染物的类型和来源(Ⅱ)What are PCBs?什么是多氯联苯?There are 209 possible chlorinated biphenyls, ranging in physical characteristics. 大概有209种氯化联苯,其物理性质不同。
The mono-and dichloro biphenyls ( 27323-18-8), ( 25512-42-9) are colorless crystalline compounds that when burned in air give rise to soot and hydrogenchloride. 一氯联苯和二氯联苯(27323-18-8),(25512-42-9)是无色晶体的化合物,当它们在空气中燃烧会产生烟尘和氯化氢。
The most important products aretrichlorobiphenyls,tetrachlorobiphenyls, pentachlorobiphenyls and/ or hexachlorobiphenyls. 最重要的产品是三氯化联苯,四氯联苯,五氯联苯和/或六氯联苯。
Chlorinated biphenyls are soluble in many organic solvents and in water only in the ppm range. 多氯联苯可溶于有机溶剂和仅在水的百万分之一ppm(part per million)的范围内溶解。
环境科学与工程专业英语部分课文翻译(3、8、10、15、16、19、23)
Unit 3 What is Waste Reduction/Waste Minimization?什么是废物减量化,废物最少化美国花费了大量的时间在讨论像资源减量化,废物最小化,循环和阻止污染这些术语上,EPA已经提供了以下的定义。
资源减量化:减少在于一个过程中的大量废物的任何行为。
它包括,例如,过程调整,原料调整,提高管理和回收内在循环。
废物最少化:产生的废物最大程度减少,然后处理,存储,或者处置。
它包括了被导致了只要减量化与现在或将来威胁到人类健康和环境的最小化的目标一致的总容量或废物数量的减少或者废物毒性的减少,或者两方面兼备的发生器承担任何资源减量化或循环的活动。
回收:作为一个商业产品的代替品,或作为一个工业过程的原料的利用或再利用。
它包括了废物的有用的小部分或来自允许再用的去除了污染物的废物的在现场或离开现场的回收利用。
污染的防止:污染可能在生产过程之中产生,或者在当一个产品被用作商业用途或被消费者使用的时候产生。
这样可能在三个方式上被阻止:改变投入/减少依赖有毒物或有害的原材料;改变过程/增加效率/提高类似设备修改的维修保养,更好的管理,在过程中闭环循环;或者改变产出/减小对有毒或者有害产品的依赖。
随着1984年危险废物和固体废物修正案资源保护和恢复法的通过,美国国会建立一个国家政策来表明回收或消除危险废物的产生重要性。
美国国会宣称它是一项无论在美国哪里都可行的国家政策,要尽可能迅速地回收或消除危险废物的产生。
然而产生的废物还是应被处理、储存或处置,从而尽量减少现在和将来对人类健康和环境的威胁。
在1990年,美国国会通过污染防治法,建立了一个全国废物管理政策。
表明第一污染应该被预防或回收;;第二,废物应该用一种环保安全的方式进行循环利用;第三,废物应该被处理;最后,废物应该被除去或降解到环境。
在美国,随着这些和其他环境法规的通过,废物最少化成为一种重要的工作理念.废物回收/废物最少化技术同时,对于一些特定的工厂,废物最少化的当然是在具体的工厂或在实地,能用的技术能被分为以下主要几类:●product changes产品改变●process changes过程改变●equipment modifications设备改造●operating practices操作训练●recycling and reuse回收和再利用在实践中,尽量减少废物的机会是有限的,只有被工厂人员的聪明才智所利用. 这种技术已经被运用与大数量的工业和工业化生产过程,同时也被应用于有危险性和非危险性的废物。
环境科学与工程专业英语翻译
第四单元阅读材料:Reading Material : Analytical Technique and Methodology第八单元:空气污染物的来源和类型第八单元 Reading Material : Type and Sources of Air Pollutants [ II J 阅读材料:空气污染物的类型和来源(Ⅱ)What are PCBs?什么是多氯联苯?There are 209 possible chlorinated biphenyls, ranging in physical characteristics. 大概有209种氯化联苯,其物理性质不同。
The mono-and dichloro biphenyls ( 27323-18-8), ( 25512-42-9) are colorless crystalline compounds that when burned in air give rise to soot and hydrogen chloride. 一氯联苯和二氯联苯(27323-18-8),(25512-42-9)是无色晶体的化合物,当它们在空气中燃烧会产生烟尘和氯化氢。
The most important products aretri-chlorobiphenyls,tetrachlorobiphenyls, pentachlorobiphenyls and/ or hexachlorobiphenyls. 最重要的产品是三-氯化联苯,四氯联苯,五氯联苯和/或六氯联苯。
Chlorinated biphenyls are soluble in many organic solvents and in water only in the ppm range. 多氯联苯可溶于有机溶剂和仅在水的百万分之一ppm (part per million)的范围内溶解。
环境工程专业英语翻译(中英对照)
Unit one Environmental Engineering环境工程What is this book about?这本书是关于什么的?The objective of this book is to introduce engineering and science students to the interdisciplinary study of environment problems;their cause,why they are of concern,and how we can control them. The book includes:这本书的目的是使理工科的学生了解跨学科间的研究环境问题;它们的起因,为什么它们受到关注,以及我们怎样控制它们。
这本书包括:●Description of what is meant by environment and environmental systems描述环境和环境系统意味着什么●Information on the basic causes of environmental disturbances关于引起环境干扰基础原因的基本信息●Basic scientific knowledge necessary to understand the nature of environmental problems and to be able toquantify them理解环境问题本质,并能够定量计算它们所必要的基本科学知识●Current state of the technology of environmental control in its application to water,air and pollution problems目前适用于水,空气和环境污染问题的环境控制技术的现状●Considerable gaps in our current scientific knowledge of understanding and controlling many of the complexinteractions between human activities and nature我们目前的科学知识在理解和控制人类活动和自然之间复杂的相互作用的科学知识上存在相当大的缺陷●Many environmental problems which could be eliminated or reduced by the application of current technology,butwhich are not dealt with because of society’s lack of will to do so,or in many instance because of a lack of resources to do so.许多环境问题可以应用现有技术消除或减少,但没有得到处理是因为社会缺乏这样做的意愿,或者像许多例子那样因为缺乏资源。
环境工程专业重点英语单词
环境工程专业重点英语单词1. Environment (n): The natural world and the surroundings in which people, animals, and plants live.Example: We need to protect the environment for future generations.2. Engineering (n): The branch of science and technology concerned with the design, building, and use of engines, machines, and structures.Example: He studied engineering at university.3. Pollution (n): The presence or introduction into the environment of substances or energy that cause harm or discomfort to living organisms. Example: Air pollution is a major problem in many cities.4. Sustainable (adj): Able to be maintained at a certain rate or level over time.Example: The company is committed to sustainable development.5. Waste (n): Material that is not wanted; the act of using or expending something carelessly, extravagantly, or to no purpose.Example: We need to find a better way to dispose of waste.6. Treatment (n): The application of medical or therapeutic measures to a patient.Example: The water treatment plant ensures clean drinking water for the community.7. Contamination (n): The presence of harmful or unwanted substances in an environment or substance.Example: The contamination of the river has caused the fish population to decline.8. Conservation (n): The act of preserving, protecting, or restoring the natural environment, natural ecosystems, vegetation, and wildlife. Example: The national park is dedicated to the conservation of endangered species.9. Renewable (adj): Capable of being replenished or replaced by natural processes within a human lifetime.Example: Solar energy is a renewable source of power.10. Emission (n): The production and discharge of something, especially gas or radiation.Example: The factory's emissions are contributing to air pollution.11. Remediation (n): The action of remedying something, in particular of reversing or stopping environmental damage.Example: The soil remediation process will remove contaminants from the site.12. Efficiency (n): The state or quality of being efficient, in which maximum productivity is achieved with minimum wasted effort or expense.Example: The new lighting system improves energy efficiency.13. Sanitation (n): The provision of clean drinking water and adequate sewage disposal to promote public health.Example: Access to proper sanitation facilities is essential for preventing disease.14. Biodegradable (adj): Capable of being decomposed by bacteria or other living organisms.Example: It is important to use biodegradable products to reduce waste.15. Conservationist (n): A person who advocates or acts for the protection and preservation of the environment and wildlife.Example: Jane Goodall is a well-known conservationist.16. Hazardous (adj): Involving risk or danger, especially to someone's health or safety.Example: The storage of hazardous materials requires special precautions.17. Renewable energy (n): Energy collected from resources that are naturally replenished, such as sunlight, wind, and water.Example: Many countries are investing in renewable energy sources to reduce reliance on fossil fuels.18. Ecosystem (n): A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.Example: The destruction of forests has a negative impact on the ecosystem.19. Biodiversity (n): The variety and variability of life forms within a given area.Example: Protecting biodiversity is crucial for maintaining a healthy planet.20. Toxic (adj): Poisonous; harmful to living organisms.Example: Industrial waste often contains toxic chemicals.21. Effluent (n): Liquid waste or sewage discharged into a river or the sea. Example: The treatment plant ensures that effluent is properly treated before being released.22. Conservationism (n): The philosophy and movement advocating for the protection of the environment and natural resources.Example: Conservationism aims to balance human needs with the preservation of nature.23. Remedial action (n): Steps taken to correct or mitigate a problem or damage.Example: The company implemented remedial actions to address the environmental contamination.24. Greenhouse effect (n): The trapping of the sun's warmth in a planet's atmosphere due to the increased concentration of greenhouse gases.Example: The greenhouse effect is causing global warming.25. Incineration (n): The process of burning waste materials, often for the purpose of generating energy.Example: Incineration can be an effective method of waste disposal when done properly.26. Acid rain (n): Rainfall that has been made acidic by pollution, especially from the combustion of fossil fuels.Example: Acid rain can have detrimental effects on ecosystems and infrastructure.27. Biomass (n): Organic matter, such as plant material and animal waste, that can be used as a source of energy.Example: Biomass can be converted into biofuel for power generation.28. Soil erosion (n): The removal of soil by wind or water, often caused by human activities or natural processes.Example: Deforestation contributes to soil erosion.29. Ecological footprint (n): The impact of human activities on theenvironment, measured in terms of the amount of land and resources required to sustainably support those activities.Example: By reducing our ecological footprint, we can minimize our impact on the planet.30. Waste management (n): The collection, transportation, processing, recycling, and disposal of waste materials.Example: Proper waste management is essential for protecting the environment and public health.31. Landfill (n): A site for the disposal of waste materials by burying them under layers of earth.Example: Recycling reduces the amount of waste sent to landfills.32. Air quality (n): The degree to which the air is free from pollutants, contaminants, and odors.Example: Monitoring air quality is crucial for public health.33. Environmental impact assessment (n): The evaluation of the likely environmental consequences of a proposed project or action.Example: An environmental impact assessment is required before starting construction on a new development.34. Ozone depletion (n): The reduction in the concentration of ozone in the Earth's ozone layer, primarily caused by the release of certain chemicals into the atmosphere.Example: The Montreal Protocol was established to address ozone depletion.35. Land degradation (n): The decline in the quality of land, often caused by human activities such as deforestation and agriculture.Example: Land degradation can lead to desertification.36. Wastewater treatment (n): The process of removing contaminants from wastewater before it is discharged back into the environment.Example: Wastewater treatment plants play a crucial role in protecting water resources.37. Marine pollution (n): The contamination of the marine environment, usually by human activities such as oil spills and dumping of waste.Example: Marine pollution can have devastating effects on marine ecosystems.38. Noise pollution (n): Excessive or constant noise that is disruptive or harmful to humans and animals.Example: Noise pollution from traffic can negatively impact human health.39. Ecosystem services (n): The benefits that people obtain from ecosystems, such as clean air and water, pollination, and climate regulation.Example: Preserving forests is important for maintaining ecosystem services.40. Industrial waste (n): Waste generated by industrial processes, often containing hazardous substances.Example: Proper disposal of industrial waste is crucial for preventing environmental contamination.41. Emission control (n): Measures taken to reduce the discharge of pollutants into the environment.Example: Stricter emission control regulations have led to cleaner air in many cities.42. Nonrenewable (adj): Not capable of being replenished or replaced within a reasonable time frame.Example: Fossil fuels are nonrenewable resources.43. Waste reduction (n): The act of minimizing the amount of waste generated through source reduction, recycling, and reuse.Example: Waste reduction strategies aim to reduce landfill waste.44. Environmental ethics (n): A branch of philosophy that considers the moral obligations humans have towards the environment and non-human living entities. Example: Environmental ethics advocate for the rights of animals and the preservation of natural habitats.45. Water scarcity (n): The lack of sufficient water resources to meet the needs of a population or region.Example: Climate change is exacerbating water scarcity in many parts of the world.46. Renewable resource (n): A natural resource that can be replenished or replaced by natural processes within a human lifetime.Example: Solar power is derived from a renewable resource.47. Environmental impact (n): The effect of human activities on theenvironment, including both positive and negative consequences.Example: A construction project must consider its environmental impact.48. Acidification (n): The process of becoming more acidic, often caused by increased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere.Example: Ocean acidification poses a threat to marine life.49. Ecotourism (n): Tourism that involves responsible travel to natural areas, with an emphasis on conserving the environment and improving the well-being of local communities.Example: Ecotourism promotes sustainable tourism practices.50. E-waste (n): Electronic waste, such as obsolete computers, mobile phones, and televisions, that is discarded by consumers.Example: It is important to properly dispose of e-waste to prevent environmental contamination.。
环境科学与工程专业英语
一、单词/词组(考试时要求:中译英/英译中)环境科学:environmental science环境工程:environmental engineering定量环境科学:quantitative environmental science定性环境科学:qualitative environmental science衰减再生:decay and recycling新陈代谢率:metabolic rates外来物质:foreign matter研究和发展:Research and Development一次大气污染物:primary air pollutant二次大气污染物:secondary air pollutant氧含量:Oxygen content点源:point sources沥青残留物:asphaltic residue酸雨:acid rain设备维护:facilities maintenance废物最小化:waste minimization正常浓度:normal concentration胡乱收集:magpie collection需氧量:oxygen demand/the amount of oxygen required闭合回路:closed-loop微生物:microbe/microorganisms揭示大的差别;expose the considerable gaps空气质量监测:air-quality monitoring氧化剂:oxidizer石油精炼:petroleum refining活性炭:activated carbon质量控制:quality control海轮:ocean liner挥发性化学物质:volatile chemicals沙漠化:desertification火山喷发:volcanic eruption间歇源:intermittent sources衡量浓度:trace concentrations氯化物和硫化物:chlorides and sulphates风化:wind erosion不完全燃烧:incomplete combustion化石燃料:fossil fuels液滴:liquid dropletsSO3:sulfur trioxidefor managerial and administrative reasons行政管理上的原因stacks of generating stations许多发电站Roman empire罗马皇帝Cloaca maxima 古罗马的大排泄沟Wate phosphorous 亚磷的(三价磷)phosphorous acid亚磷酸phosphoric磷的(五价)carbonates,bicarbonates碳酸盐,碳酸氢盐carbohydrates碳水化合物,主要含氢和碳TOC(total organic carbon)总有机碳COD(chemical oxygen demand)化学需氧量BOD(biological oxygen demand)生化需氧量Biodegradable organic可生物降解的有机物BOD5 BOD的测试标准化rborne diseases 水传染的疾病epilimnion 表层水hypolimnion深水层thermocline热变形层become depleted of oxygen 缺氧二、重点句子翻译UNIT2is the physical and biotic habitat which surrounds us;that which we can see,hear,touch,smell,and taste.环境是围绕在我们周围物质生命的栖息地,在那里我们可以看到,听到,触到,闻到和品尝到。
环境科学与工程-专业英语词汇必备
环境科学与工程专业词汇包括环境学总论、环境地学、环境生物学、环境化学、环境物理学、环境工程学、环境医学、环境经济学、环境管理学、环境法学、环境教育等11大类环境学总论原生环境primary environment 次生环境secondary environment 生态示区ecological dem on strate area 环境地质学environmental geology 环境地球化学environmen tal geo-chemistry 环境土壤学environmental soil scienee 环境微生物学environmental microbiology环境危机environmental crisis环境保护environmen tal protect ion 环境预测environmental forecasting 环境自净environmental self-purification 环境效应environmental effect 环境容量environmental capacity 环境演化evolution of environment 环境舒适度environmental comfort 环境背景值(本底值)environmental backgro und value环境保护产业(环保产业)environmental product ion in dustry环境壁垒(绿色壁垒)environmental barrier绿色革命green revolution 可持续发展susta in able developme nt第三类环境问题(社会环境问题)the third environmen tal problem 悬浮物suspended solids 一次污染物primary pollutant 二次污染物secondary pollutant 全球性污染global pollution 排污收费pollution charge 可更新资源renewable resources 不可更新资源non-renewable resources 自然保护区natural reserve area 防护林protect ion forest 公害public nuisanee 矿山公害mining nuisanee 工业废水in dustrial waste water 矿山废水mining drain age 生活饮用水domestic potable water 草原退化grassland degeneration 沙漠化desertification 人口压力population pressure 人口净增率rate of population 全球环境监测系统global environment mon itori ng system GEMS 中国环境保护工作针Chin ese policy for environment protect ion"三同时” 原贝U principle of “the three at the same time ”二噁英公害dioxine nuisanee 马斯河谷烟雾事件disaster in Meuse Valley多诺拉烟雾事件disaster in Donora 伦敦烟雾事件disaster in Lon don 水俣病事件minamata disease incident 骨痛病事件itai-itai disaster incident 洛杉矶光化学烟雾事件Los Angeles photochemical smog episode四日市哮喘事件Yokkaichi asthma episode米糠油事件Yusho disease incident水圈hydrosphere水循环water circulation环境地学地面水(地表水)surface water水位water level下渗(入渗)sinking蒸发evaporation最高水位highest water level最低水位lowest water level平均水位average water level 冲刷washout 含水层aquifer隔水层(不透水层)aquiclude透水层permeable stratum层间水in terlayer water承压水(有压层间水)confined water 或自流水artesian water隙水void water岩溶水(喀斯特水)karst water径流runoff flow地表径流run off地下水ground water流域保护water bas in protect ion淡水fresh water咸水saltwater降水precipitation 沉淀降水量amount of precipitation 降水强度intensity of precipitation 水环境容量carrying capacity of water environment水土流失(土壤侵蚀)soil and water loss点源污染point source pollution面源污染non-point source pollution扩散diffusion涡流eddy current涡流扩散eddy diffusion富营养化废水eutrophic waste-water污水sewage漫灌flood irritation水底沉积物(底质或底泥)benthal deposit 总固体total solids悬浮固体suspended solids总溶解固体total dissolved solids河流复氧常数constant of river reoxyge nati on湖泊酸化lake acidification富营养化eutrophication富营养湖eutrophic lake中营养湖mesotrophic lake警戒水位warning water level 流速flow velocity 流量discharge 洪水期flood season 枯水期low-water seas on 贫营养湖oligotrophic lake 水库reservoir 海洋处置sea disposal 海底采样sea floor sample 赤潮(红潮)red tide 海水淡化desalination of seawater 海底沉积物sea bottom sediment 海洋倾倒ocean dumping 水质water quality 水资源综合利用water resource in tegrated utilizati on水土保持soil and water conservation河道整治channel improvement水污染毒性生物评价biological assessme nt of water polluti on toxicity 水利工程hydro-engineering水体自净self-purification of water body水环境保护功能区(水质功能区)functional district of water environment土地处理系统land treatme nt system 土地沙漠化land desertification 土壤肥力soil fertility 土壤酸碱度soil acidity and alkalinity 土壤污染防治preve nti on and treatme nt of soil polluti on 土壤盐渍化(土壤盐碱化)soil sali nation土壤酸化soil acidification母质(土壤母质或成土母质)pare nt material土壤剖面soil profile腐殖质化humification淋溶作用leaching土壤改良soil improvement土壤粒级soil separate土壤质地soil texture缓冲作用buffering/buffer action 缓冲剂buffering agent/buffer 缓冲容量buffer capacity 盐基饱和度base saturation percentage灌溉irrigation富里酸fuvic acid敏素humin土壤团聚体soil aggregate土壤退化(土壤贫瘠化)soil degeneration 土壤地带性soil zonality污水灌溉wastewater irrigation臭氧层ozone layer 降水precipitation 降水量rain fall降水强度p recipitation intensity大气环境容量atmospheric environmen tal capacity事后评价afterwards assessment烟尘消除elimination of smoke and dust温室效应greenhouse effect大气扩散atmospheric diffusion烟羽(烟流或羽流)plume 逆温in vers ion环境生物学生境habitat耐受极限limits of toleranee 最小因子定律law of mi nimum 生物检测bioassay环境胁迫environmental stress 生物多样性bio-diversity 生态位niche 生命期life cycle 生态型ecotype 自养生物autotrophy 异养生物heterotroph 指数增长exponential growth 互禾U共生mutualism 偏利共生commensalisms寄生parasitism 衍生物derivative 杀虫剂insecticide 杀菌齐U fungicide 除草剂herbicide 防腐齐U preservative 杀鼠剂rodenticide 无残留农药non-persistent pesticide 植物性农药phytopesticide 污水灌溉sewage irrigation 世界自然历史遗产保护地world natural and historical heritage site 储量stock过度捕获over-hunting; over-fishing 猎(渔)期ope n seas on 农业残渣agricultural dregs 赤潮red tide藻花algae bloom/ 水花water bloom原生污染物primary pollutant 次生污染物secondary pollutant 急性毒性实验acute toxicity test 慢性毒性实验chron ic toxicity test 预备实验scree ning test; ran ge-fi nding test; preliminary test 稀释dilution 归宿fate 生物积累bioaccumulation 生物浓缩bioconcentration 生物放大biomagnification 生物降解biological degradation; biodegradati on 生物营养物质biotic n utrie nt 多污生物带polysaprobic zone 中污生物带mesosaprobic zone 寡污生物带oligosaprobic zone 敏感种sen sitive species;in tolera nt orga nism 耐污种tolerant species 生物滤池biological filter 净化塘/氧化塘/生物塘purification pond 生物膜biomembrane; biological film 轮作crop rotation 间作intercropping 套种interplanting 基塘模式farm land and fish pond model 防护林带shelter belt 沼气marsh gas 农家肥farm manure 堆月肥piled manure城市热岛效应urba n heat isla nd effect chemicals; en docri ne disruptors城市生态规划urban ecological 边缘效应edge effectpla nning 生态恢复ecological restoration环境激素en docri ne disrupti ng 恢复生态学restoration ecological环境化学甲基汞methyl mercury potential ;redox potential镉米cadmium rice 溶解氧dissolved oxygen农药残留pesticide residue 化学需氧量chemical oxyge n dema nd有机氯农药organochlorine pesticide 生化需氧量biochemical oxygen 有机磷农药organophosphorous dema ndpesticide 总有机碳total organic carb on氨基甲酸酯杀虫剂carbamate 溶解度solubilityin secticide 聚集aggregation拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂pyrethroid in secticide 絮凝flocculation植物生长调节剂growth regulator 凝聚coagulation化学致癌物chemical carci nogen 离子交换ion exchange表面活性剂surfactant 萃取extraction多氯联苯类polychlori nated 缓冲溶液buffer solutionbiphe nyls;PCBs 氧平衡模式(氧垂曲线)oxygen bala nee 多环芳烃类polyaromtic hydrocarb on; modelPAH 吸收剂(吸附剂)absorbent催化(催化作用)catalysis 活性炭active carb on臭氧化ozonization 氧化剂oxidant光化学氧化剂photochemical oxida nt 还原剂reductant过氧乙酰硝酸酯peroxyacetyl nitrate ;胶团micellePAN 胶体溶液colloidal solution干沉降dry deposition 脱硫剂desulfurizati on age nt湿沉降wet deposition 电渗析electrodialysis光化学烟雾photochemical smog 萃取剂extract ing age nt大气光化学atmospheric 过滤filterphotochemistry 絮凝剂floccula nt ;flocculati ng age nt降水化学precipitation chemistry 无机絮凝剂inorganic flocculant气溶胶化学aerosol chemistry 有机高分子絮凝剂organic polymer 悬浮颗粒物suspended particulate floccula nt总悬浮颗粒物total suspended 中和法neutralizationparticulates(TSP) 反渗透膜reverse osmosis membrane飘尘(可吸入颗粒物或可吸入尘)airborne 硅胶silica gelparticle 蒸汽蒸馏steam distillation降尘(落尘)dustfall ;falling dust 超滤膜ultrafilter membrane气溶胶aerosol 灵敏度sensitivity水质water quality 准确度accuracy盐度salinity 精密度precision氧化还原电位oxidati on-reduct ion 可靠性reliability检测限detection limit 相对误差relative error 绝对误差absolute error 偶然误差accidental error 平均偏差mean deviation 采样误差sampling error 标准溶液standard solution 标准物质standard substanee 允误差allowable error 允浓度allowable concentration 微量分析microanalysis 痕量分析trace analysis 现场分析in-situ analysis 仪器分析instrumental analysis 水质分析water quality analysis 比色分析colorimetric analysis 沉降分析sedimentation analysis 自动分析automatic analysis原子吸收分光光度法atomic absorption spectrophotometry原子吸收分光光度计atomic absorption spectrophotometer原子荧光光谱法atomic fluoresce nee spectrometry原子荧光光谱仪atomic fluoresce nee spectrometer电化学分析法electrochemical method 高效液相色谱法high performa nee liquid chromatography高效液相色谱仪high performa nee liquid chromatograph气相色谱分析gas chromatography 气相色谱仪gas chromatograph 采样器sampler 大气采样器air sampler 底泥采样器sediment sampler pH 计pH meter湿度计hygrometer固定大气污染源stationary sources of air pollutio n移动大气污染源mobile sources of air pollutio n固定式水污染源stationary sources of water polluti on移动式水污染源mobile sources of water pollutio n污染负荷pollution load污染源调查survey of pollution sources 无污染工艺polluti on-free tech no logy 无污染装置polluti on-free in stallati on污染物总量控制total amou nt con trol of pollutio n 水质参数water quality parameter水温water temperature色度color index透明度transparency 混浊度turbidity 硬度hardness 感官污染指标sen suous polluti on in dex 毒理学污染指标physical polluti on in dex 化学污染指标chemical polluti on in dex 细菌学污染指标bacteriological polluti on in dex毒理学污染指标toxicological pollutionin dex城市污水municipal sewage生活污水domestic sewage工业废水in dustrial wastewater常规分析指标index of routine analysis环境监测environmental monitoring过程监测course monitoring污染物排放标准pollution discharge sta ndard 总量排放标准total amount of pollution discharge sta ndard优先监测priority monitoring环境优先污染物environmen tal priority polluta nt总固体total solids可吸入微粒(可吸入尘和飘尘)in hale particles浊度计turbidimeter实验室质量控制laboratory quality conrol空白实验值blank value平行样duplicate samples再现性(重现性[reproducibility重复性repeatability回收率recovery rate 检出限detection limit 冷原子吸收法cold-vapor atomic absorptio n method紫外吸收光谱法ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry重量分析gravimetric analysis 标法internal marker method 定性分析qualitative analysis 定量分析quantitive analysis 试样前处理pre-treatment 均值mean value 标准差standard error 差variatio n回归分析regression analysis 相关分析correlation analysis 相关系数correlation coefficient 系统误差systematic error 随机误差random error 有效数字valid figure 农药残留分析pesticide residue an alysis 排污收费effluent charge 室空气污染in door air polluti on 水体自净self-purification of water body 水土保持soil and water conservation 水土流失soil erosion 土壤修复soil-remediation 生物修复bioremediation 光降解photodegradation 温室气体greenhouse gases 总量收费total quantity charge 超临界流体supercritical fluid 土壤采样soil pollution环境物理学光辐射(光)visible radiation 红外线infrared ray 紫外线ultraviolet ray 灭菌灯bactericidal lamp 光污染light pollution 噪声污染noise pollution 混响reverberation 听力损失hearing loss 绝对湿度absolute humidity 相对湿度relative humidity 饱和度saturation ratio冷凝condensation露点温度dew point temperature 热辐射thermal radiati on比热specific heat 空气调节air conditioning 通风ventilation环境工程学环境污染综合防治in tegrated preve nti on and con trol of pollutio n环境功能区戈U environmental function zoning稀释比dilution ratio迁移transfer紊流扩散turbulent diffusion氧亏(亏氧量)oxygen deficit 复氧reaeration 溶解氧下垂曲线dissolved-oxyge n sag curve饱和溶解氧saturated dissolved无污染燃料pollution-free fuel燃烧combustion空气—燃料比air-to-fuel ratio 烟气分析analysis of flue gas 煤的综合利用comprehe nsive utilizati onof coal脱硫desulfurization除尘效率particle collection efficiency 分割粒径cut diameter for particles 压力损失(压力降)pressure drop 机械除尘器mechanical collector 重力沉降室gravity settling chamber 惯性除尘器inertial dust separator 旋风除尘器cyclone collector 回流式旋风除尘器reverse-flow cycl one collector 直流旋风除尘器straight-through cyclone collector多管旋风除尘器multiple cyclone collector气布比air-to-cloth ratio机械振动清灰袋式除尘器bag house with shake clea ning逆气流清灰袋式除尘器bag house withreverse-flow clea ning脉冲喷吹清灰袋式除尘器bag house with pulse-jet clea ning静电除尘electrostatic precipitator (ESP) 电晕放电corona discharge高压脉冲静电除尘器pulse chargi ng electrostatic precipitator湿式静电除尘器wet electrostatic precipitator 双区静电除尘器(两段式电除尘器) 重力喷雾洗涤器gravitational spray scrubber旋风洗涤器centrifugal scrubber中心喷雾旋风洗涤器向clone spray scrubber泡沫洗涤塔foam tower scrubber 填料床洗涤器packed bed scrubber 文丘里洗涤器ven turi scrubber 双膜理论two-film theory 气膜控制gas film control 液膜控制liquid film control 穿透曲线break through curve 催化剂catalyst催化剂中毒poisoning of catalyst 烟气脱硫flue gas desulfurization (FGD) 湿法脱硫wet process of FGD 灰一灰法脱硫desulfurization by lime and limesto ne氨吸收法脱硫ammonia process of FGD 干法脱硫dry process FGD吸收法控制氮氧化物absorptio ncon trol of NO x by 水吸收法脱氮control of NO x byabsorptio n process with water酸吸收法脱氮control of NO x by absorpti on process with acid过滤除尘器filter袋式除尘器bag house滤料filtration media驱进速度drift velocity集尘极collecting electrode板间距distanee between collecting electrodes电极清灰removal of collected particle fromelectrodes宽间距静电除尘器wide space electrostatic precipitatortwo-stage electrostatic precipitator 湿式除尘器wet collector of particulates碱吸收法脱氮control of NO x by absorpti on process with alkali吸附法控制氮氧化物con trol of NOx by adsorpti on分子筛吸附法脱氮control of NOx by adsorpti on process with molecular sieve硅胶吸附法脱氮control of NOx by adsorpti on process with silicagel 气体生物净化biotreatme nt of gaseous polluta nt生物过滤器biofilter汽车尾气污染pollution of automobile exhaust gal生物脱臭biotreatment of oder集气罩capture hood烟囱有效排放高度effective height of emmissio n清洁生产clea ner product ion矿山废水mining drain age电镀废水electroplating wastewater给水处理厂water treatment plant污水处理厂wastewater treatment给水(污水)处理构筑物water (sewage ) treatme nt structure污水集水井swage joining well 废水调节池wastewater flow equalizati on bas in 格栅grill 筛网grid screen 立式圆形沉砂池vertical circular grit settl ing tank圆形边运动沉砂池circular perimeter flowgrit settling tank重力排砂grit discharge by gravity 水力提升排砂grit discharge with hydraulic elevator水力旋流器hydraulic cyclone 沉淀池settling tank重力沉淀池gravity settling tank 浓缩式沉淀池thicke ning settli ng tank 竖流折板絮凝池vertical table flap flocculat ing tank 机械搅拌絮凝池mechanical mixing flocculat ing tank 加压溶气气浮法pressure dissolved-air floatati on 过滤池filter重力过滤法gravity filtration process 压力过滤法pressure filtration process 真空过滤法vacuum filtration process 快滤池rapid filtration 慢滤池slow filtration 接触滤池contact filter 双向滤池bidirectional filter 双层滤料滤池double layer filter 无阀滤池non-valve filter 虹吸滤池siphon filter 压力滤池pressure filter V 型滤池aquazur V-filter 砂滤sand filtration 微滤机microstrainer 滤池冲洗强度backwash ing inten sity of filter滤层filter material layer 滤料承托层holdinglayer for filtermaterial斜板隔油沉淀池oil trap with slope pla nk 冷去卩塔cooling tower湿式氧化法wet oxidation process沉砂池grit settling tank 曝气沉砂池aeration grit settling tank 平流式沉砂池horiz on tal grit settl ing tank斜板(斜管)沉淀池sloping pla nk(pipe)settli ng tank辐流式沉淀池radial settli ng tank 平流式沉淀池horiz ontal settli ng tank 竖流式沉淀池vertical settling tank 悬浮污泥澄清池suspendedsludge clarifier 脉冲澄清池pulse clarifier 水力循环澄清池hydraulic circulating clarifier颗粒自由沉降particle free sedime nt 絮凝沉降flocculation sedimentation 拥挤沉降hindered sedimentation 气浮池floatation basin 微电解法micro electroanalysis反应池reaction basin 叶轮搅拌器turbine mixer 膜分离法membrane separation method半渗透膜semi-permeable membrane 电渗析electrodialysis 反渗透reverse osmosis 离子交换膜ion exchange membrane 萃取extraction 汽提stripping 吹脱法blow-off method 臭氧氧化法ozonation 臭氧发生器ozonator磁分离法magnetic isolation method 光催化氧化optical catalysis oxidation 软化水处理softening water treatment 灰—纯碱软化法lime-sodiumcarb on atesofte ning method废水好氧/厌氧处理biological aerobic/a naerobictreatme nt of wastewater微生物源代microorganism intrinsic metabolism微生物合成代microorga nism syn thetic metabolism 基质分解代substrate degradation 剩余污泥surplus sludge 初次沉淀池primary sedimentation basin 完全混合曝气池completely mixed aeratio n bas in二次沉淀池secondary sedimentation basin污泥沉降比sludge settling ratio 污泥容积指数sludge velum in dex 污泥负荷volume loading 纯氧曝气法oxygen aeration method 扩散曝气设备diffusi on aerator 机械曝气装置mecha nical aerator 曝气时间aeration time 污泥龄sludge age 活性污泥培养activated sludge culture 活性污泥驯化domestication of activated sludge粉末炭活性炭法powdered carb on activated sludge process 污泥膨胀sludge bulking 生物滤池biological filter 高负荷生物滤池high-loadi ng biological filter水力负荷hydraulic loading 有机负荷organic loading 塔式生物滤池tower biological filer 生物转盘biological rotating disc 生物流化床biological fluidized bed 活性生物滤池activated biofilter 化粪池septic tank 污水硝化脱氮处理n itroge n removal from wastewater by n itrificati on 污水反硝化脱氮处理nitroge n removal from wastewater by den itrificati on 污水硝化一反硝化脱氮处理nitrogen removal from wastewater by n itride nitrificati on土地处理系统land treatme nt system 氧化塘oxidation pond 好氧塘aerobic pond 兼性塘facultative pondmetabolism活性污泥法activated sludge process 回流污泥return sludge 曝气池aeration推流式曝气池plug-flow aeration basin 普通活性污泥法conven tio nal activated sludge process分段曝气法step aeration method延时曝气法extended aeration method 加速曝气法accelerant aeration method深井曝气法deep well aeration method 鼓风曝气装置blast aerator射流曝气设备efflux aerator表面曝气装置surface aerator厌氧塘an aerobic pond曝气氧化塘aerated oxidation pondICEAS in termitte nt cyclic exte nded aeration system 间歇循环延时曝气活性污泥法DAT-IAT 工艺dema nd aeration tankin termitte nt aerati on tank system(需氧池—间歇池)A1/O 工艺anoxic/ oxicA 2/O 工艺an aerobic oxicPhostrip 工艺phostriop process Bardenpho 工艺Bardenpho processPhoredox 工艺Phoredox processUCT 工艺university of cape townVIP 工艺Virginia initiative plant 厌氧生物滤池(AF)anaerobic filter 厌氧接触法an aerobic contact process 厌氧生物转盘an aerobicbiological rotati ng disc两相厌氧消化two-phase an aerobic digest序批式间歇反应器series batch reactor 氧化沟oxidation ditch上流式厌氧污泥床upflow an aerobic sludge bla nketMSBR modified seque ncing batch reactor消毒disinfection 灭菌sterilization加氯机chlorinator氯化消毒chlorizati on dis in fecti on 漂白粉消毒dis infection by bleach ing powder 紫外线消毒disinfection with ultravioletrays力口氯消毒dis infection by chlori ne 液氯liquified chlorine gas 需氯量chlori ne dema nd 余氯chlorine residual 游离性余氯free chlorine residual 化合性余氯combined chlorine residual 折点加氯chlorination breakpoint 过氧化氢消毒dis in fecti on by hydroge n peroxide 除味taste removal 除臭odor removal 脱色decoloration 生污泥undigested sludge 熟污泥digested sludge 污泥处置disposal of sludge 污泥综合利用comprehe nsive utilizati onof sludge 真空过滤法vacuum flotation process 污泥浓缩sludge thickening 污泥消化sludge digestion 污泥脱水sludge dewatering 污泥干化sludge drying 污泥焚烧sludge incineration 真空过滤机脱水dewatering by vacuum filter板框压滤机脱水dewatering by plateframe press filter辊轧式脱水机脱水dewatering by roll press带式压滤机脱水dewatering by belt press filter离心式脱水机脱水dewatering by cen trifuge中温消化处理middle temperature digestive treatme nt 高温消化处理hightemperature digestive treatme nt 污泥堆肥发酵处理sludgecompost ing and ferme ntatio n污泥浓缩池sludge thickener 污泥消化池sludge digestion tank 污泥产气率gas production rate ofsludge污泥干化场sludge drying bed 固体废物solid wastes城市生活垃圾municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾堆放处置法dumping of muni cipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾卫生填埋法sa nitaryIan dfilli ng of mun icipal solid wastes 城市生活垃圾焚烧法incin eration of muni cipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾分类sorting of municipalsolid wastes城市生活垃圾收集collection of muni cipal solid wastes 垃圾收费refuse taxing 废电池used battery有毒有害工业固体废物toxic in dustrial wastes医疗废物health care wastes堆月巴composting 填埋场Iandfill 渗滤液leachate treatment 焚烧炉incin eratio n furn aces 助燃空气系统air injectio n system 余热利用heat utilization 焚烧灰渣ash水泥固化技术ceme nt solidificati on灰固化lime solidification沥青固化技术asphalt solidificati on 固体废物预处理prelimi nary treatme nt of solid wastes破碎crushing of solid wastes 筛分screening of solid wastes 风力分选wind separation 放射性固体废物radioactive solid waste 声级计sound level meter 消声室an echoic room; an echoic chamber; dead room 混响室reverberation room 隔声sound insulation环境医学环境卫生学environmental hygiene 环境毒理学environmental toxicology 口蹄疫foot-and-mouth disease 流行病学epidemiology 地病endemic disease 氟斑牙dental fluorosis 职业病occupational disease 慢性毒性chronic toxicity 急性毒性acute toxicity 致癌物carcinogen 变异variatio n 病原体pathogen 抗体antibody 抗原antigen 突变mutation 病毒virus 蓄积器官storage organ 致突变作用mutage nesis 致畸作用teratogenesis致癌作用carcinogensis 摄入量in take dose 吸收量absorbed dose 卫生标准health standard 最高容浓度maximum permissible concen trati on 致死量lethal dose 半致死浓度media n lethal concen trati on(LD 50)剂量—反应关系dose-response relati on ship恶臭offensive odor 协同作用synergism 拮抗作用antagonism 因果关系cause-effect relationship 相关关系correlation 阈限值threshold limit value(TLV) 高危人群population at high risk 易感人群susceptible populatio环境管理学环境管理学environmen tal man ageme nt scie nee环境伦理学environmental ethics 环境质量管理management of environmen tal quality环境适宜度environmental suitability环境区戈U environmental zoning环境预测environmental forecasting环境质量评价environmental quality evaluati on环境影响评价environmental impact assessme nt环境规戈U environmental planning环境决策分析environmental decision an alysis总量控制total discharge control of polluta nt 浓度控制concentration control排污收费effluent charge排污申报登记declaration and registrati on of polluta nt discharge排污可证permit for pollutant discharge生物安全biosafety环境监察environmental supervision and man ageme nt环境宣传教育environmen tal propaga nda and educatio n环境意识environmental consciousness 环境质量报告书report on environmen tal quality 环境影响评价报告书report on environmen tal impact assessme nt 公众意见听证会public heari ng循环经济cyclic economy预防为主、防治结合、综合治理原则principleof giving priority to pollutionpreve nti on, comb ining preve ntio n andcon trol, and in tegrated con trol 全面现划、合理布局原则principle of overall pla nning and rati on al layout谁污染谁治理polluter-treats综合利用、化害为利原则principle of comprehe nsive utilizati on and turning harm into good谁开发谁保护explorer-protects协调发展原则principle of coordinated developme nt环境保护模城市n ati onal environmen tal protect ion model city全国生态示区national ecological dem on strati on area环境信息environmental information 环境管理信息系统in formatio n system for environmen tal man ageme nt 环境专家系统environmental expert system环境监测environment monitoring 环境标志environmental label 清洁生产clea ner product吸声mufflerlife cycle of product环境法学环境法学scienee of environmental law 环境保护法environmental protection law公害法public nuisanee law环境行政法规adm ini strative regulati ons of en vir onment环境部门规章departmental rules of environment污染物排放标准pollutant discharge sta ndard"三同时” 制度three simultaneity system 排污审报登记制度declaration and registrati on system of polluti on discharge排污可证制度permit system of polluta nt discharge排污收费制度system of efflue nt限期治理制度system of elim in at ing and con troll ing environmen tal polluti onwith in a prescribed time现场检查制度system of on-site in spect ion环境污染事故报告制度system of environmen tal polluti on accide ntreport ing《中华人民国环境保护法》Environmental Protect ion Law of the People 's Republic of China《中华人民国水污染防治法》law of the People ' s Republic of Chi na on preve nti on and con trol of water pollutio n《中华人民国大气污染防治法》law of the People ' s Republic of China on preve nti on and con trol of atmospheric pollutio n《中华人民国环境噪声污染防治法》law of the People ' s Republic of China on preve nti on and con trol of polluti on from en vir onmen tal no ise《中华人民国固体废物污染环境法》law of the People ' s Republic of China on preve nti on and con trol of environmental pollution by solid waste《中华人民国海洋环境保护法》mari ne environment protect ion law of the People ' s Republic of China《全国生态环境建设规划》national eco-e nvironmen tal con struct ion pla n《全国生态环境保护纲要》national compe ndium on eco-e nvironmen tal protectio n地表水环境质量标准environmental quality sta ndard for surface water地下水质量标准quality standard for gro und water农业灌溉水质标准standard for irrigation water quality污水综合排放标准integrated wastewater discharge sta ndard大气污染物综合排放标准in tegrated emissi on sta ndard of air polluta nts环境经济学循环经济模式circular economy type 牧童经济the shepherd economy 3R 原则the rules of3R(reducing, reusing, recycli ng) 生态经济学eco-economics 共有资源com mon resources 夕卜部经济性external economics 夕卜部不经济性exter nal disec onomics 外部成本external cost 边际效用marginal utility 边际收益marginal ben efit 粗放经营extensive management 集约经营intensive management 自然资本natural capital 公平equity 代际补偿compensation between gen erati ons绿色国民帐户gree n n ati onal acco unt 可持续发展susta in able developme nt 公共物品public goods 环境保护贸易政策trade policy for environmen tal protect ion 绿色壁垒green tariff barrier 国民生产总值gross national productio n(GNP) 国民生产净值net n atio nal productio n(NNP) 国民收入n ati onal in come 环境污染弹性系数environmental pollutio n elasticity 回收率reuse rate 物质平衡material balanee 物料衡算material balanee counting 影子价格shadow price 现行价格present price 贴现discount 机会成本opport unity cost 运行费用operation cost 城市气化率urba npopulati on ratio ofused gas 城市绿化覆盖率urba n gree n cover ratio环境效益environmen tal ben efit 成本效益分析cost and ben efit an alysis 环境费用environmental cost 排污权交易marketable pollution permits 生态足迹the ecological footprint 环境税environmental tax 资源资产assets of resource 资源产权property right of resource 最低安全标准minimumstandard of security代际公平equality betwee n gen eratio n末端控制terminal control公地的悲剧tragedy of the public pasture中间产品in termediate product 最终产品final product直接污染物产生/排放系数direct pollutant gen erati on /discharge coefficie nt累积污染物产生/排放系数cumulate polluta ntgen erati on/discharge coefficie nt排污收费charge from discharge polluta nt污染者负担原则polluter pay prin ciple资源税resource tax人口出生率population birth rate 人口死亡率population mortality rate 人口自然增长率population nature growth rate人口计划生育率population planning fertility rate平均寿命average life人口年龄金字塔population age pyramid人口老化population aging人口过剩over-population人口爆炸population explosion计划生育family planning人口统计population statistics 人口普查population census环境教育环境教育目标objectives of en vir onmen tai educati on 多学科环境教育课程模式multi-discipli nary model of environmen tai educati on跨学科环境教育模式in ter-discipii nary model of environmen tai educatio n 中学环境教育大纟冈environmen tal educati on sta ndard for sec ondary school 环境教育活动的设计desig n of environmen tal educati on activity野外环境教育基地environmen tal educati on field base公众参与public participation 环境意识environmental awareness中国中小学绿色教育行动environmen tal educators in itiative of china。
环境科学与工程专业英语
环境科学与工程专业英语U3 What is waste reduction/waste minimization?1.句子英译中(1)Raw materials that lose their usefulness because they sit on shelf too long become wasted.因搁置太久而失去使用价值的原料变成废品。
(2)Poor cleaning of parts or inadequate dragout time will reduce the usefulness of the process chemicals, increase the cost of waste disposal, and the cost of chemical replacement.不洁部分或废酸洗液的时间不足会导致反应物利用率不高,增加废物处理费用和替代物质费用。
(3)Lockheed successfully switched from an alkaline cyanide cadmium bath to an acidic noncyanide cadminum bath.洛克希德成功地把碱性氰化物镉水浴转变成为了酸性非氰化物镉水浴。
(4)Don’t try to reinvent the wheel. Develop networking partners to share ideas.不要走老路。
结识合作伙伴,分享理念。
2.词组英译中Waste reduction/waste minimization 垃圾减量化/垃圾最小化;in-process 在…过程中;housekeeping家务管理;equipment modification设备改进;landfills废物填埋场;biodegradable solvents能进行生物降解的溶剂;volatile chemicals稳定的化学物质;management commitment管理委员会。
环境科学与工程专业英语词汇汇总
《环境科学专业英语》专业词汇unit 1:1. 环境科学与工程environmental engineering and science;2. 排污权交易pollution discharge right trade;3. 修复技术restoration technique;4. 臭氧消耗物质ozone consumption material;5. 地下水subsurface water;6. 人口增长population growth;7. 卫生设施与基础设施health facilities and infrastructure;8. 环境健康风险environmental health risk;9. IPCC政府间气候变化专门委员会Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change;10. CFCs氯氟烃chlorofluorocarbon;11. 安全的饮用水safe drinking water;12. 温室气体greenhouse gas;13. 酸雨acid rain;14. 城市化urbanization;15. 工业废弃地derelict industrial land;16. 臭氧层chemosphere;17. 全球大气污染the global air pollution;18. 全球变暖的趋势the trend of global warming;19. 污染物的传输contaminant transport;20. 污染预防pollution preventionunit 4:1. 完整性和可持续性integrity and sustainability;2. 退化与受损的生态系统the ecosystem has been degraded and damaged;3. 生态系统的结构、组成和功能the ecosystem’s structure,composition and functioning;4. 恢复原始的景观recover its predisturbance state;5. 文化信仰与习俗cultural beliefs and customs;6. indigenous species本土物种;7. opportunist species优势种;8. 自然作用the function of nature;9. 火山爆发volcanic eruption;10. 历史轨迹historic trajectory;11. 基础的生态学数据baseline ecological data;12. 预测模型predictive models;13. 外来入侵物种alien invasive species;14. 生态修复Ecological Restoration;15. 恢复生态学Restoration Ecology;16. 全球变化global changing;17. 监控方法the monitoring function;18. 在干扰之前in predisturbance;19. 根据…制图be charted from;20. 集体的决定collective decisionUnit 7:1、案头研究与野外调查相结合的办法A combined method of desk study and field study2、法定限值statutory threshold value;3、地图、表格、曲线与照片的利用The use of maps,graphs/charts,tables and photographs;4、环境影响评价法The law of Environmental impact assessment;5、影响预测impact prediction;6、减缓措施mitigation measures;7、背景研究baseline studies;8、环境要素与环境受体environmental components and environmental receptors9、项目说明书project specification;10、累积影响cumulative impacts;11、环境影响报告书Environmental Impact Statement;12、ERA Environmental risk assessment;13、residual impacts 潜在的影响;14、项目施工期constrution phase;15、可替代的生产技术的选择Selection of alternative production techniques;16、定性分析与定量分析相结合Combine of qualitative assessment and quantitativeassessment;17、基础方案base case 18、监控程序monitoring procedures;19、流程图分析flow chart analysis;20、事件树分析event tree analysis;Unit 12:1. 城市污水的处理深度;treatment levels of municipal sewage;2. 排放许可pischarge permits;3. 单元操作;unit oprations;4. 单元过程;unit process;5. 污水预处理;preliminary tereatment of sewage;6. 污水一级处理;primary treatment of sewage;7. 污水二级处理;secondary treatment of sewage;8. 污水三级处理;tertizry treatment of sewage;9. 污水高级处理;advanced treatment of sweage;10. 生物营养物去除;biological nutrient removal;11. 氮和磷;nitrogen and phosphorus;12. BOD;biological oxygen demand;13. TSS total suspended solids;14. 污水消毒;sweage disinfection;15. VOC volation organic compound 挥发性有机物;16. 紫外线消毒;UV radiation disinfection;17. 下水道溢流;sewer verflow;18. 大肠菌;colliform bacteria;19. 回流return flow;20. 过滤filtration;21. 城市污水处理厂municipal sewage plants;22. 市政工程municipal engineering;23. 生物处理系统biological treatment systems;24. 有机物organic matter;25. 工程决断engineering judgement;26. 当地法规local regulations;27. 沉降作用sedimentation;28. 可沉淀的颗粒物settleable particles;29.反渗透reverse osmosis;30. 膜生物反应器membrane bioreactors;31. 涡流分流器vortex separators;32. 污水净化sewage clarification;33. 超滤ultrafiltration;34.出水水质water quality of effluent;35. 富营养化nutrientenrichment/eutrophication;36. 点源污染point source pollution;37. 面源污染(非点源污染)nonpoint source pollution;38.老化的基础设施aging infrastructure;39. 紫外灯UV lamp;40. 土地处理过程land treatment process。
环境科学与工程 专业英语词汇
环境科学与工程专业词汇包括环境学总论、环境地学、环境生物学、环境化学、环境物理学、环境工程学、环境医学、环境经济学、环境管理学、环境法学、环境教育等11大类。
环境学总论原生环境primary environment 可再生资源renewable resources不可再生资源次生环境secondary environmentnon-renewable resources自然保护区natural reserve area 生态示范区ecological demonstrate area防护林protection forest 环境地质学environmental geology公害environmental geo-chemistry public nuisance环境地球化学矿山公害环境土壤学environmental soil science mining nuisance工业废水环境微生物学environmental microbiology industrial wastewater矿山废水mining drainage环境危机environmental crisis生活饮用水domestic potable water 环境保护environmental protection草原退化environmental forecasting grassland degeneration 环境预测沙漠化desertification环境自净environmental self-purification人口压力environmental effect population pressure 环境效应人口净增率rate of population环境容量environmental capacity全球环环境演化evolution of environment 境监测系统global environmentmonitoring system GEMSenvironmental comfort环境舒适度中国环境保护工作方针环境Chinese environmental 底值)policy for 本背景值(environment protectionbackground value“三同时”原则环境保护产业(环保产业)environmental principle of “the three at thesame time”production industry二噁英公害environmental barrier 环境壁垒(绿色壁垒)dioxin nuisance马斯河谷烟雾事件disaster in Meuse Valley green revolution绿色革命多诺拉烟雾事件disaster in Donora 可持续发展sustainable development伦敦烟雾事件the 第三类环境问题(社会环境问题)third disaster in London水俣病事件minamata disease incident environmental problem骨痛病事件suspended solids悬浮物itai-itai disaster incident洛一次污染物杉矶光化学烟primary pollutant 雾事件Los Angelesphotochemical smog episode二次污染物secondary pollutant四日市哮喘事件Yokkaichi asthma episode global pollution 全球性污染米糠油事件pollution charge 排污收费Yusho disease incident环境地学水圈hydrosphere最低水位lowest water level平均水位average water level water circulation 水循环警戒水位warning water level 地表水surface water流速water level水位flow velocity流量discharge下渗(入渗)sinking洪水期flood season evaporation蒸发枯水期highest water level 最高水位low-water season隔水层(不透水层)washout 冲刷aquicludepermeable stratum透水层aquifer含水层.层间水interlayer water河道整治channel improvement水污染毒性生物评价或biological assessment of 承压水(有压层间水)confined waterwater pollution toxicityartesian water 自流水水利工程孔隙水void waterhydro-engineering水体自净self-purification of water body岩溶水(喀斯特水)karst water水环境保护功能区(水质功能区)runoff flow functional 径流district of water environment地表径流land runoff土地处理系统land treatment system 地下水groundwater土地沙漠化water basin protection land desertification 流域保护土壤肥力fresh water soil fertility淡水土壤酸碱度咸水saltwatersoil acidity and alkalinity土壤污染防治prevention and treatment of soil 降水precipitation沉淀pollution降水量amount of precipitation土壤盐渍化(土壤盐碱化)intensity of precipitationsoil salination 降水强度土壤酸化water capacity of soil acidification量水环境容carrying母质(土壤母质或成土母质)parent material environment土壤剖面soil profile 水土流失(土壤侵蚀)soil and water loss腐殖质化humification 点源污染point source pollution淋溶作用leaching面源污染non-point source pollution土壤改良soil improvement 扩散diffusion土壤粒级soil separate 涡流eddy current土壤质地涡流扩散eddy diffusionsoil texture缓冲作用eutrophic waste-water buffering/buffer action 富营养化废水缓冲剂buffering agent/buffer 污水sewage缓冲容量buffer capacity漫灌flood irritation盐基饱和度水底沉积物(底质或底泥)benthal deposit base saturation percentage灌溉总固体total solidsirrigation富里酸fuvic acid 悬浮固体suspended solids胡敏素humin总溶解固体total dissolved solids土壤团聚体河流复氧常数constant of river reoxygenation soil aggregate土壤退化(土壤贫瘠化)soil degeneration 湖泊酸化lake acidification土壤地带性eutrophication soil zonality富营养化污水灌溉eutrophic lake wastewater irrigation 富营养湖臭氧层ozone layer 中营养湖mesotrophic lake降水贫营养湖oligotrophic lake precipitation降水量水库reservoirrainfall降水强度海洋处置sea disposal precipitation intensity大气环sea floor sample 海底采样境容量atmospheric environmentalcapacity赤潮(红潮)red tide事后评价desalination of seawater 海水淡化afterwards assessment烟尘消除海底沉积物sea bottom sediment elimination of smoke and dust温室效应海洋倾倒greenhouse effect ocean dumping大气扩散水质water qualityatmospheric diffusion烟羽(烟流或羽流)resource water 水资源综合利用integrated plumeinversionutilization逆温soil and water conservation水土保持.环境生物学生境habitat慢性毒性实验chronic toxicity test预备实验screening test; range-finding 耐受极限limits of tolerance test;preliminary test law of minimum 最小因子定律稀释生物检测bioassaydilution归宿环境胁迫environmental stress fate生物积累生物多样性bio-diversity bioaccumulation生物浓缩bioconcentration 生态位niche生物放大biomagnificationlife cycle 生命周期生物降生态型ecotype解biological degradation;biodegradationautotrophy 自养生物生物营养物质异养生物heterotrophbiotic nutrient多污生物带指数增长exponential growth polysaprobic zone中污生物带互利共生mutualismmesosaprobic zone寡污生物带偏利共生commensalisms oligosaprobic zone敏感种寄生parasitism sensitive species; intolerant organism耐污种衍生物derivative tolerant species生物滤池杀虫剂insecticide biological filter净化塘/fungicide 杀菌剂氧化塘/生物塘purification pond生物膜除草剂herbicide biomembrane; biological film轮作crop rotation rodenticide 杀鼠剂间作preservative防腐剂intercropping套种non-persistent pesticide 无残留农药interplanting基塘模式phytopesticide farm land and fish pond model 植物性农药防护林带污水灌溉shelter belt sewage irrigation沼气world 世界自然历史遗产保护地natural marsh gasand农家肥farm manure historical heritage site堆肥piled manure储量stock城市热岛效应过度捕获over-hunting; over-fishing urban heat island effect城市生态规划猎(渔)期open season urban ecological planning环境农业残渣agricultural dregs 激素endocrine disrupting chemicals;endocrine disruptors red tide赤潮边缘效应水花algae bloom/藻花water bloom edge effect生态恢复ecological restoration 原生污染物primary pollutant恢复生态学restoration ecological次生污染物secondary pollutantacute toxicity test急性毒性实验环境化学甲基汞methyl mercury 植物生长调节剂growth regulator化学致癌物cadmium rice镉米chemical carcinogen表面活性剂surfactant农药残留pesticide residue多氯联苯类organochlorine pesticide 有机氯农药polychlorinated biphenyls;PCBs多环芳烃类organophosphorous pesticide 有机磷农药polyaromtic hydrocarbon; PAH催化(催化作用)catalysis carbamate insecticide 氨基甲酸酯杀虫剂ozonization臭氧化pyrethroid insecticide拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂.光化学氧化剂photochemical oxidant反渗透膜reverse osmosis membrane硅胶silica gel过氧乙酰硝酸酯peroxyacetyl nitrate;PAN蒸汽蒸馏steam distillation 干沉降dry deposition超滤膜ultrafilter membrane 湿沉降wet deposition灵敏度photochemical smogsensitivity 光化学烟雾准确度大气光化学atmospheric photochemistry accuracy精密度precipitation chemistry precision 降水化学可靠性aerosol chemistry reliability 气溶胶化学检测限悬浮颗粒物suspended particulatedetection limit相对误差relative error 粒总悬浮颗物total suspended绝对误差particulates(TSP)absolute error偶然误差飘尘(可吸入颗粒物或可吸入尘)airborne accidental error平均偏差particlemean deviation采样误差falling dust sampling error 降尘(落尘)dustfall;标准溶液气溶胶aerosol standard solution 标准物质standard substance 水质water quality允许误差allowable error盐度salinity允许浓度;allowable concentration 氧化还原电位oxidation-reduction potential微量分析redox potentialmicroanalysis痕量分析trace analysis 溶解氧dissolved oxygen现场分析in-situ analysis化学需氧量chemical oxygen demand仪器分析biochemical oxygen demand instrumental analysis 生化需氧量水质分析total organic carbon water quality analysis 总有机碳比色分析溶解度solubility colorimetric analysis沉降分析aggregation sedimentation analysis 聚集自动分析絮凝flocculation automatic analysis原子吸收凝聚coagulation 分光光度法atomic absorptionspectrophotometry离子交换ion exchange原子萃取extraction吸收分光光度计atomic absorptionspectrophotometer缓冲溶液buffer solution原子荧光光谱法atomic balance 垂曲线)氧平衡模式(氧oxygen fluorescencespectrometrymodel原子荧光光谱吸附剂吸收剂()absorbent 仪atomic fluorescencespectrometer活性炭active carbon电化学分析法氧化剂oxidant electrochemical method高效液相色谱法high performance liquid 还原剂reductantchromatography胶团micelle高效液相色谱胶体溶液colloidal solution 仪high performance liquidchromatograph脱硫剂desulfurization agent气相色谱分析电渗析electrodialysis gas chromatography气相色谱仪extracting agent 萃取剂gas chromatograph采样器filtersampler过滤大气采样器flocculating agent ;flocculant絮凝剂air sampler底泥采样器sediment sampler inorganic flocculant无机絮凝剂pH计organic polymer flocculant 有机高分子絮凝剂pH meterhygrometer湿度计neutralization 中和法.固定大气污染源stationary sources of air 浊度计turbidimeter实验室质量控制laboratory quality control pollution空白实验值air blank value 气污染源mobile sources of 大移动平行样pollutionduplicate samples再现性(of water 重现性)reproducibility 固定式水污染源stationary sources重复性repeatability pollution回收率recovery rate sources of water 移动式水污染源mobile检出限pollutiondetection limit冷原子吸收法污染负荷pollution loadcold-vapor atomic absorptionmethod污染源调查survey of pollution sources紫外无污染工艺pollution-free technology 吸收光谱法ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometrypollution-free installation无污染装置重量分析control 控染污物总量制total amount of gravimetric analysis内标法internal marker method pollution定性分析qualitative analysis water quality parameter 水质参数定量分析water temperature quantitive analysis 水温试样前处理color index pre-treatment 色度均值透明度transparency mean value标准差turbidity standard error 混浊度方差硬度hardnessvariation回归分析sensuous pollution index regression analysis 感官污染指标相关分析毒理学污染指标physical pollution index correlation analysis相关系数chemical pollution indexcorrelation coefficient 化学污染指标系统误差pollution systematic error 标染学细菌污指bacteriological随机误差indexrandom error有效数字valid figure毒理学污染指标toxicological pollution index农药残留分析城市污水municipal sewage pesticide residue analysis排污收费生活污水domestic sewage effluent charge室内空气污染industrial wastewaterindoor air pollution工业废水水体自净self-purification of water body 常规分析指标index of routine analysis水土保持soil and water conservation 环境监测environmental monitoring水土流失course monitoringsoil erosion 过程监测土壤修复soil-remediation 污染物排放标准pollution discharge standard生物修复of total 准amount bioremediation pollution 标排量总放光降解discharge standard photodegradation温室气体greenhouse gases priority monitoring优先监测总量收费先境环优priority environmental 染污物total quantity charge超临界流体supercritical fluid pollutant土壤采样soil pollutiontotal solids总固体)inhale particles可吸入尘和飘尘(可吸入微粒环境物理学光辐射(光)visible radiation 光污染light pollution噪声污染noise pollution 红外线infrared ray混响紫外线ultraviolet ray reverberationhearing loss听力损失bactericidal lamp灭菌灯绝对湿度absolute humidity 热辐射thermal radiation比热相对湿度relative humidity specific heat空气调节saturation ratio air conditioning 饱和度通风冷凝condensationventilationdew point temperature露点温度环境工程学环境污染综合防治integrated prevention and 脱硫desulfurization除尘效率particle collection efficiency control of pollution分割粒径environmental function zoning cut diameter for particles 环境功能区划压力损失(压力降)稀释比dilution ratio pressure drop机械除尘器mechanical collector 迁移transfer重力沉降室turbulent diffusion gravity settling chamber 紊流扩散惯性除尘器氧亏(亏氧量)oxygen deficit inertial dust separator旋风除尘器cyclone collector复氧reaeration回流式旋风除尘器dissolved-oxygen sag curve 溶解氧下垂曲线reverse-flow cyclonecollector饱和溶解氧saturated dissolved直流旋风除尘器straight-through pollution-free fuel 无污染燃料cyclonecollector燃烧combustion多管旋风除尘器multiple cyclone collector air-to-fuel ratio 空气-燃料比过滤除尘器analysis of flue gasfilter烟气分析袋式除尘器of bag house comprehensive 煤的综合利用utilization滤料coalfiltration media电晕放电气布比air-to-cloth ratiocorona discharge驱进速度house 机械振动清灰袋式除尘器bag with drift velocity集尘极shake cleaningcollecting electrode板间距with distance between collecting electrodes house 器袋气逆流清灰式除尘bag电极清灰removal of collected particle reverse-flow cleaningfromelectrodesbag house with 脉冲喷吹清灰袋式除尘器宽间距静电除尘器wide pulse-jet cleaningspace electrostaticprecipitator静电除尘electrostatic precipitator (ESP)双区静电除尘器器除静高压脉冲电尘pulse (两段式电除尘器)charging two-stage electrostatic precipitatorelectrostatic precipitator湿式除尘器湿式静电除尘器wet electrostatic precipitator wet collector of particulates烟气脱硫重力喷雾洗涤器gravitational spray scrubber flue gas desulfurization (FGD)湿法脱硫wet process of FGD旋风洗涤器centrifugal scrubber石灰-石灰石法脱硫desulfurization by 中心喷雾旋风洗涤器]cyclone spray scrubber limeand limestonefoam tower scrubber 泡沫洗涤塔氨吸收法脱硫packed bed scrubber ammonia process of FGD 填料床洗涤器干法脱硫venturi scrubber 文丘里洗涤器dry process FGD吸收法控制氮氧化物control of NO双膜理论two-film theory by xabsorption gas film control 气膜控制水吸收法脱氮control of liquid film control 液膜控制NOby absorption xprocess with waterbreak through curve 穿透曲线酸吸收法脱氮control of 催化剂catalystNOby absorption xprocess with acidpoisoning of catalyst催化剂中毒.碱吸收法脱氮control of NOby absorption emissionx清洁生产process with alkalicleaner production矿山废水of NOby mining drainage法控制氮氧化物control 吸附x电镀废水adsorptionelectroplating wastewater给水处理厂by water treatment plant 氮control of NO脱分子筛吸附法x污水处理厂adsorption process with molecular sievewastewater treatment给水(污水)处理构筑物water 硅胶吸附法脱氮control of NOby adsorption (sewage)x treatment structureprocess with silica gel污水集水井物生净化biotreatment of gaseous swage joining well气体废水调节池wastewater pollutantflow equalizationbasin 生物过滤器biofilter格栅grill汽车尾气污染pollution of automobile exhaust筛网galgrid screen沉砂池生物脱臭biotreatment of odor grit settling tank曝气沉砂池aeration grit settling tank 集气罩capture hood平流式沉砂池of horizontal grit settling tank effective 排有效放高度height 烟囱浓缩式沉淀池立式圆形沉砂池settling thickening settling tank vertical circular grit斜板(斜管)沉淀池tanksloping plank(pipe)settlingtankcircular perimeter flow 圆形周边运动沉砂池辐流式沉淀池radial settling tank grit settling tank平流式沉淀池重力排砂grit discharge by gravity horizontal settling tank竖流式沉淀池with 水力提升排砂grit discharge hydraulic vertical settling tank悬浮污泥澄清池elevatorsuspended sludge clarifier脉冲澄清池hydraulic cyclone 水力旋流器pulse clarifier水力循环澄清池沉淀池settling tankhydraulic circulating clarifiergravity settling tank重力沉淀池颗粒自由沉降vertical 凝絮池table flap particle free sediment 板流竖折絮凝沉降flocculating tankflocculation sedimentation拥挤沉降械mixing 池絮搅拌凝mechanical hindered sedimentation 机气浮池flocculating tankfloatation basin微电解法加压pressure 法气气浮micro electroanalysisdissolved-air 溶floatation微滤机过滤池filtermicrostrainer滤池冲洗强度backwashing intensity of filter 重力过滤法gravity filtration process滤层filter material layerpressure filtration process 压力过滤法滤料承托层holding layer for filter material 真空过滤法vacuum filtration process斜板隔油沉淀池rapid filtration oil trap with slope plank 快滤池冷却塔slow filtration cooling tower 慢滤池湿式氧化法contact filter接触滤池wet oxidation process反应池bidirectional filter reaction basin 双向滤池叶轮搅拌器turbine mixerdouble layer filter 双层滤料滤池膜分离法membrane separation method 无阀滤池non-valve filter 半渗透膜semi-permeable membrane siphon filter 虹吸滤池电渗析pressure filter 压力滤池electrodialysis反渗透Vreverse osmosisaquazur V-filter 型滤池ion exchange membrane离子交换膜sand filtration砂滤.萃取extraction 废水好氧/厌氧处理biologicalaerobic/anaerobic treatment of wastewater stripping 汽提微生物内源代谢microorganism blow-off method 吹脱法intrinsicmetabolism 臭氧氧化法ozonation微生物合成代谢臭氧发生器ozonator microorganism syntheticmetabolism 磁分离法magnetic isolation method基质分解代谢optical catalysis oxidation 光催化氧化substrate degradationmetabolism softening water treatment 软化水处理活性污泥法石灰-纯碱软化法lime-sodium carbonate activated sludge process回流污泥softening method return sludge曝气池surplus sludge 剩余污泥aeration推流式曝气池plug-flow aeration basin 初次沉淀池primary sedimentation basin普通活性污完全混合曝气池completely mixed aeration 泥法conventional activatedsludge process basin分段曝气法secondary sedimentation basin step aeration method 二次沉淀池延时曝气法污泥沉降比extended aeration method sludge settling ratio加速曝气法accelerant aeration method 污泥容积指数sludge velum index深井曝气法volume loading 污泥负荷deep well aeration method鼓风曝气装置纯氧曝气法oxygen aeration method blast aerator射流曝气设备efflux aerator diffusion aerator 扩散曝气设备机械曝气装置mechanical aerator 表面曝气装置surface aeratoroxidation pond aeration time 氧化塘曝气时间aerobic pond 污泥龄好氧塘sludge ageactivated sludge culture 活性污泥培养facultative pond 兼性塘anaerobic pond of 化性活污泥驯domestication activated 厌氧塘sludge 曝气氧化塘aerated oxidation pondaeration powdered 粉末炭活性炭法carbon ICEAS intermittent activated cyclic extended间歇循环延时曝气活性污泥法sludge process systemtank aeration 艺demand DAT-IA T污泥膨胀sludge bulking 工需氧池-间system(tank intermittent 生物滤池biological filter aeration) 高负荷生物滤池high-loading biological filter 歇池anoxic/ oxic hydraulic loading 水力负荷A/O 工艺1anaerobic oxic 有机负荷organic loading A/O工艺2塔式生物滤池tower biological filer phostriop process 工艺PhostripBardenpho process 工艺biological rotating disc 生物转盘BardenphoPhoredox process Phoredox工艺biological fluidized bed 生物流化床university of cape town 工艺activated biofilter 活性生物滤池UCT septic tank 化粪池工艺Virginia initiative plant VIP(AF)anaerobic filter removal nitrogen 污水硝化脱氮处理from 厌氧生物滤池anaerobic contact process wastewater by nitrification 厌氧接触法rotating anaerobic biological 厌氧生物转盘removal nitrogen 污水反硝化脱氮处理fromdisc wastewater by denitrification化硝反化硝水污—两相厌氧消化理处氮脱nitrogen two-phase anaerobic digestseries batch reactor wastewater from removal 序批式间歇反应器byoxidation ditch 氧化沟nitridenitrificationsludgeanaerobic upflow 上流式厌氧污泥床land treatment system 土地处理系统blanket污泥浓缩池sludge thickener污泥消化池sludge digestion tankMSBR modified sequencing batch reactor污泥产气率消毒disinfection gas production rate of sludge污泥干化场sludge drying bed 灭菌sterilization固体废物加氯机chlorinatorsolid wastes城市生活垃圾municipal solid wastes氯化消毒chlorization disinfection城市生活垃漂白粉消毒disinfection by bleaching powder 圾堆放处置法dumping ofmunicipal solid wastes 紫外线消毒disinfection with ultraviolet rays城市生活垃圾卫生填埋法disinfection by chlorine sanitary landfilling 加氯消毒of municipal solid wastes 液氯liquified chlorine gas城市生活垃圾需氯量chlorine demand 焚烧法incineration ofmunicipal solid wastes 余氯chlorine residual城市生活垃圾分类游离性余氯free chlorine residual sorting of municipal solidwastes 化合性余氯combined chlorine residual城市生活垃圾收集collection of 折点加氯chlorination breakpoint municipalsolid wastes 毒氧过化氢消disinfection by hydrogen垃圾收费peroxide refuse taxing废电池除味taste removal used battery有毒有害除臭odor removal 工业固体废物toxic industrialwastes decoloration脱色医疗废物health care wastes undigested sludge 生污泥堆肥composting 熟污泥digested sludge填埋场disposal of sludge 污泥处置landfill渗滤液comprehensive utilization of leachate treatment 污泥综合利用焚烧炉sludge incineration furnaces助燃空气系统vacuum flotation process 真空过滤法air injection system余热利用污泥浓缩heat utilization sludge thickening焚烧灰渣sludge digestion ash污泥消化水泥固化技术污泥脱水cement solidification sludge dewatering石灰固化污泥干化sludge drying lime solidification沥青固化技术sludge incineration 污泥焚烧asphalt solidification固dewatering by vacuum filter 体废物预处理preliminary treatment of 真空过滤机脱水solid wastes板框压滤机脱水plate dewatering by frame破碎press filter crushing of solid wastes筛分辊轧式脱水机脱水dewatering by roll press screening of solid wastes风力分选wind separationpress belt by 带式压滤机脱水dewatering放射性固体废物radioactive solid waste filter声级计离心式脱水机脱水sound level meterdewatering by centrifuge消声室anechoic room; digestive temperature middle 中温消化处理anechoic chamber;dead roomtreatment混响室处化消高温digestive temperature high 理reverberation room隔声treatment sound insulation吸声and composting sludge 污泥堆肥发酵处理muffler fermentation环境医学.环境卫生学environmental hygiene 致畸作用teratogenesis致癌作用carcinogensis 环境毒理学environmental toxicology摄入量intake dose 口蹄疫foot-and-mouth disease吸收量absorbed dose 流行病学epidemiology卫生标准health standard地方病endemic disease最高容许浓度氟斑牙dental fluorosismaximum permissibleconcentration职业病occupational disease致死量chronic toxicity lethal dose慢性毒性半致死浓度急性毒性acute toxicity median lethal concentration(LD) 50剂量-反应关系致癌物carcinogen dose-response relationship恶臭offensive odor variation 变异协同作用pathogen synergism 病原体拮抗作用抗体antibody antagonism因果关系antigen cause-effect relationship 抗原相关关系突变mutation correlation阈限值病毒virusthreshold limit value(TLV)高危人群population at high risk storage organ 蓄积器官易感人群mutagenesis susceptiblepopulation致突变作用环境管理学环境管理学environmental management 环境质量报告书report on environmentalqualityscience环境影响评价报告书report on environmental 环境伦理学environmental ethicsimpact assessmentenvironmental of 环境质量管理management公众意见听证会qualitypublic hearing循环经济环境适宜度environmental suitability cyclic economy预防为主、防治结合、环境区划environmental zoning 综合治理原则principleof giving priority to pollution prevention, environmental forecasting环境预测combining prevention and quality 评价environmental control, and 量环境质integrated controlevaluation全面现划、合理布局原则影环境响评价principle of overall environmental impactplanning and rational layout assessment谁污染谁治理环境规划polluter-treatsenvironmental planning综合利用、化害为利原环境决策分析environmental decision analysis 则principle of comprehensive utilization and turning total discharge control of pollutant 总量控制harminto good浓度控制concentration control谁开发谁保护排污收费explorer-protectseffluent charge协declaration 排污申报登记and 调发展原则principle registration of of coordinated developmentpollutant discharge国家permit for pollutant discharge 排污许可证环境保护模范城市nationalenvironmental protection model city生物安全biosafety全监境环国生态and supervision environmental 察示范区national ecologicaldemonstration areamanagement环境信息propaganda environmental 环境宣传教育and environmental information环境管理信息系统information system educationforenvironmental managementenvironmental consciousness环境意识.环境专家系统environmental expert system 清洁生产cleaner production环境审计environment monitoring environmental audit环境监测产品生命周期环境标志environmental label life cycle of product环境法学环境法学science of environmental law the People's Republic of China on preventionand control of atmospheric pollutionenvironmental protection law 环境保护法《中华人民共和国环境噪声污染防治法》public nuisance lawlaw 公害法of the People's Republic of China on 环境行政法规administrative regulations of prevention and control of environmentpollution fromenvironmental noisedepartmental 环境部门规章rules of《中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境法》law environmentof the People's Republic 污染物排放标准pollutant discharge standard of China onprevention and control of “三同时”制度three simultaneity system environmentalpollution by solid wastedeclaration 记制度and 排污审报登《中华人民共和国海洋环境保护法》marine registration system of pollution dischargeenvironment permit 排污许可证制度system of pollutant protection law of the People'sRepublic of Chinadischarge《全国生态环排污收费制度system of effluent境建设规划》nationaleco-environmental construction plansystem and of eliminating 度期限治理制《within pollution a 全国生态环境保护纲要》national controlling environmentalcompendium on eco-environmental protection prescribed time地表水环境质量标准environmental system of on-site inspection 现场检查制度qualitystandard for surface waterof 告报制度system 故染环境污事地下水质量标准quality standard environmental pollution accident reporting for groundwater法保境护》环和民华《中人共国农业灌溉水质标准s Environmental Protection Law of the People'standard for irrigationwater qualityRepublic of China污水综合排放《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》law of the 标准integrated wastewater discharge standard's Republic of China on prevention and People大气污染物综合排放标准control of water pollution integrated emissionstandard of air pollutantsof《中华人民共和国大气污染防治法》law环境经济学循环经济模式circular economy type 集约经营intensive management自然资本natural capital 牧童经济the shepherd economy公平equity 3R原则the rules of 3R(reducing, reusing,代际补偿recycling)compensation between generations绿色国民帐户eco-economics green national account 生态经济学可持续发展共有资源common resources sustainable development公共物品external economicspublic goods外部经济性环境保护贸易外部不经济性external diseconomics 政策trade policy for environmental protection 外部成本external cost绿色壁垒边际效用marginal utility green tariff barrier国民生产总值marginal benefit边际收益gross national production(GNP)net national production(NNP)国民生产净值extensive management粗放经营.国民收入national income公地的悲剧tragedy of the public pasture中间产品intermediate product 环境污染弹性系数environmental pollution最终产品final productelasticity直接污染物产生/回收率reuse rate排放系数direct pollutantgeneration/discharge coefficientmaterial balance物质平衡累积污染物产生/material balance counting 物料衡算排放系数cumulate pollutant generation/discharge coefficient影子价格shadow price排污收费present price 现行价格charge from discharge pollutant污染者负担原则贴现discountpolluter pay principle资源税opportunity cost 机会成本resource tax人口出生率operation costpopulation birth rate 运行费用人口死亡率城市气化率urban population ratio of used gas population mortality rate人口自然增长率population nature growth 城市绿化覆盖率urban green cover ratiorateenvironmental benefit 环境效益人口计划生育率population planning 成本效益分析cost and benefit analysis fertilityrate环境费用environmental cost平均寿命average life排污权交易marketable pollution permits人口年龄金字塔生态足迹the ecological footprint population age pyramid人口老化environmental tax 环境税population aging人口过剩资源资产assets of resourceover-population人口爆炸资源产权population explosion property right of resource计划生育minimum standard of security 最低安全标准family planning人口统计代际公平equality between generation population statistics人口普查terminal control 末端控制population census环境教育环境教育目标objectives of environmental education多学科环境教育课程模式multi-disciplinary model of environmental education 跨学科环境教育模式inter-disciplinary model of environmental education中学环境教育大纲environmental education standard for secondary school环境教育活动的设计design of environmental education activity野外环境教育基地environmental education field base公众参与public participation环境意识environmental awarenessenvironmental educators initiative of china中国中小学绿色教育行动.。
(整理)环境工程专业英语翻译(中英对照)
Unit one Environmental Engineering环境工程What is this book about?这本书是关于什么的?The objective of this book is to introduce engineering and science students to the interdisciplinary study of environment problems;their cause,why they are of concern,and how we can control them. The book includes:这本书的目的是使理工科的学生了解跨学科间的研究环境问题;它们的起因,为什么它们受到关注,以及我们怎样控制它们。
这本书包括:●Description of what is meant by environment and environmental systems描述环境和环境系统意味着什么●Information on the basic causes of environmental disturbances关于引起环境干扰基础原因的基本信息●Basic scientific knowledge necessary to understand the nature of environmental problems and to be able toquantify them理解环境问题本质,并能够定量计算它们所必要的基本科学知识●Current state of the technology of environmental control in its application to water,air and pollution problems目前适用于水,空气和环境污染问题的环境控制技术的现状●Considerable gaps in our current scientific knowledge of understanding and controlling many of the complexinteractions between human activities and nature我们目前的科学知识在理解和控制人类活动和自然之间复杂的相互作用的科学知识上存在相当大的缺陷●Many environmental problems which could be eliminated or reduced by the application of current technology,butwhich are not dealt with because of society’s lack of will to do so,or in many instance because of a lack of resources to do so.许多环境问题可以应用现有技术消除或减少,但没有得到处理是因为社会缺乏这样做的意愿,或者像许多例子那样因为缺乏资源。
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第二单元What is this book about?这本书是关于什么的?The objective of this book is to introduce engineering and science students to the interdisciplinary study of environment problems;their cause,why they are of concern,and how we can control them. The book includes:这本书的目的是使理工科的学生了解跨学科间的研究环境问题;它们的起因,为什么它们受到关注,以及我们怎样控制它们。
这本书包括:Description of what is meant by environment and environmental systems描述环境和环境系统意味着什么Information on the basic causes of environmental disturbances关于引起环境干扰基础原因的基本信息Basic scientific knowledge necessary to understand the nature of environmental problems and to be able to quantify them理解环境问题本质,并能够定量计算它们所必要的基本科学知识Current state of the technology of environmental control in its application to water,air and pollution problems目前适用于水,空气和环境污染问题的环境控制技术的现状Considerable gaps in our current scientific knowledge of understanding and controlling many of the complex interactions between human activities and nature 我们目前的科学知识在理解和控制人类活动和自然之间复杂的相互作用的科学知识上存在相当大的缺陷Many environmental problems which could be eliminated or reduced by the application of current technology,but which are not dealt with because of society’s lack of will to do so,or in many instance because of a lack of resources to do so.许多环境问题可以应用现有技术消除或减少,但没有得到处理是因为社会缺乏这样做的意愿,或者像许多例子那样因为缺乏资源。
Interaction of Systems互动系统A number of different environmental problems are associated with water, air, or land systems. 许多不同的环境问题都涉及到水,空气,或土壤。
Many of these problems will apply only within one of these systems, justifying the breakdown into these categories.许多这些问题只适用于在其中一个系统,这为这些种类中的细目分类提供了充分的理由。
Such a classification is also useful for easier comprehension of related problems within one system.这种分类也有助于更容易理解一个系统里的相关问题。
Moreover, it is sensible because, for manager and administrative reasons, such subfields as air pollution, water supply, wastewater disposal, and solid waste disposal are often dealt with separately by governmental agencies.此外,这样做是明智的,因为是行政管理的原因,空气污染,水供应,固体废物处置和废水处理,往往是由政府机构分别处理的。
Unfortunately, many important environmental problems are not confined to an air, water, or land system, but involve interactions between systems.很遗憾的是,许多重要的环境问题不只局限于一个空气,水,或土壤系统,更涉及系统之间的相互作用。
A current example is the acid rain problem stemming from the emission of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide gases into the atmosphere from the stacks of generating stations, smelters, and automobile exhausts。
目前的一个例子是酸雨问题,根源是许多发电站,冶炼,汽车排出的废气中进入大气的二氧化硫和氮氧化物气体。
These gases are then transported by air currents over wide regions.这些气体被气流运送到广阔的区域。
Rainfall “washes them out”, creating acid rain which is harmful to aquatic life, forests, and agricultural crops.雨水“将它们洗去”,产生了对水生生物,森林和农作物有害的酸雨。
Two examples of interaction between systems that cause major environmental disturbances are presented-the buildup of atmospheric carbon dioxide, a global problem, and the acid rain problem, normally of regional nature.两个有关于系统间相互作用引起的环境问题有:空气中的二氧化碳的增加的全球性问题以及具有第三单元Pollution prevention: Pollution may be generated during manufacturing, or when certain products are used commercially or by consumers.污染的防止:污染可能在生产过程之中产生,或者在当一个产品被用作商业用途或被消费者使用的时候产生。
This may be prevented in three ways: changing inputs/reducing reliance on toxic or hazardous raw materials; process changes /increasing efficiency/improved maintenance such as equipment modifications, better housekeeping, in-process closed-loop recycling; or changing outputs/reducing reliance on toxic or hazardous products.这样可能在三个方式上被阻止:改变投入/减少依赖有毒物或有害的原材料;改变过程/增加效率/提高类似设备修改的维修保养,更好的管理,在过程中闭环循环;或者改变产出/减小对有毒或者有害产品的依赖。
With the passage of the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act in 1984, the U.S. Congress established a national policy declaring the importance of reducing or eliminating the generation of hazardous waste.随着1984年危险废物和固体废物修正案资源保护和恢复法的通过,美国国会建立一个国家政策来表明回收或消除危险废物的产生重要性。
The Congress hereby declares it to be a national policy of United States that wherever feasible, the generation of hazardous waste is to be reduced or eliminated as expeditiously as possible. 美国国会宣称它是一项无论在美国哪里都可行的国家政策,要尽可能迅速地回收或消除危险废物的产生。
Waste that is nevertheless generated should be treated, stored, or disposed of soas to minimize present and future threat to human health and the environment.然而产生的废物还是应被处理、储存或处置,从而尽量减少现在和将来对人类健康和环境的威胁。
In 1990, the U.S. Congress passed the Pollution Prevention Act, establishing a hierarchy of waste management as national policy; stating that first pollution should be prevented or reduced wherever feasible; 在1990年,美国国会通过污染防治法,建立了一个全国废物管理政策。