数学专业英语课后答案

2.1数学、方程与比例

词组翻译

1.数学分支branches of mathematics，算数arithmetics，几何学geometry，代数学algebra，三角学trigonometry，高等数学higher mathematics，初等数学elementary mathematics，高等代数higher algebra，数学分析mathematical analysis，函数论function theory，微分方程differential equation

2.命题proposition，公理axiom，公设postulate，定义definition，定理theorem，引理lemma，推论deduction

3.形form，数number，数字numeral，数值numerical value，图形figure，公式formula，符号notation(symbol)，记法/记号sign，图表chart

4.概念conception，相等equality，成立/真true，不成立/不真untrue，等式equation，恒等式identity，条件等式equation of condition，项/术语term，集set，函数function，常数constant，方程equation，线性方程linear equation，二次方程quadratic equation

5.运算operation，加法addition，减法subtraction，乘法multiplication，除法division，证明proof，推理deduction，逻辑推理logical deduction

6.测量土地to measure land，推导定理to deduce theorems，指定的运算indicated operation，获得结论to obtain the conclusions，占据中心地位to occupy the centric place

汉译英

（1）数学来源于人类的社会实践，包括工农业的劳动，商业、军事和科学技术研究等活动。

Mathematics comes from man’s social practice, for example, industrial and agricultural production, commercial activities, military operations and scientific and technological researches.

（2）如果没有运用数学，任何一个科学技术分支都不可能正常地发展。

No modern scientific and technological branches could be regularly developed without the application of mathematics.

（3）符号在数学中起着非常重要的作用，它常用于表示概念和命题。

Notations are a special and powerful tool of mathematics and are used to express conceptions and propositions very often.

（4）17 世纪之前，人们局限于初等数学，即几何、三角和代数，那时只考虑常数。

Before 17th century, man confined himself to the elementary mathematics, i. e. , geometry, trigonometry and algebra, in which only the constants were considered.

（5）方程与算数的等式不同在于它含有可以参加运算的未知量。

Equation is different from arithmetic identity in that it contains unknown quantity which can join operations.

（6）方程又称为条件等式，因为其中的未知量通常只允许取某些特定的值。Equipment is called an equation of condition in that it is true only for certain values of unknown quantities in it.

（7）方程很有用，可以用它来解决许多实际应用问题。

Equations are of very great use. We can use equations in many mathematical problems.

（8）解方程时要进行一系列移项和同解变形，最后求出它的根，即未知量的值。To solve the equation means to move and change the terms about without making the equation untrue, until the root of the equation is obtained, which is the value of unknown term.

英译汉

1.Algebra has evolved from the operations and rules of arithmetic.The study of arithmetic begins with addition,multiplication,subtraction,and division of

numbers:4+7,37×682,49-22,40÷8.

In algebra we introduce symbols or letters—such as a,b,c,d,x,y,z—to denote arbitrary numbers and，instead of special cases，we often consider general statements：a+b,cd,x-y,x÷a.

代数是从算术的运算和规则当中逐渐发展起来的，算术的研究是从数的加减乘除开始的。例如4+7，37×682，49-22，40÷8。

在代数学里,我们采用符号或字母。例如a,b,c,d,x,y,z来表示任意的数字，而

不考虑那些特殊情况。我们经常考虑的是一般的表达式，例如a+b,cd,x-y,x÷a。

2.The language of algebra serves a twofold purpose.First,we may use it as a shorthand to abbreviate and simplify long or complicated statements.Second,it proves a convenient means of generalizing many specific statements.

代数的语言有两个作用。第一个是使用它作为一种速记法去缩减和减化那些又长又复杂的表达。第二，它被证明是一种概括许多具体的表达方式的便捷途径。

3.Many expressions involve two or more operations.Grouping symbols tell us which operation is to be done first.The common grouping symbols are

parentheses,(),brackets.[],and the fraction bar,—.For example,in the expression

2(3+4),we do the addition first and then we do the multiplication:2(3+4)=2(7)=14.

许多数学表达式包含两个或更多的运算。分组符号告诉我们哪一个运算先做。常见的分组符号是圆括号，方括号和分数线。例如，在数学表达公式2（3+4）里。我

们先做加法再做乘法2（3+4）=2（7）=14

2.2 几何与三角

词组翻译

1.学会institution，建筑师architect, 机械师machinist, 制图员draftsman, 测量者surveyor, 木匠carpenter

2.点point, 端点endpoint, 线line, 直线straight line, 线段line segment, 曲线curved line, 折线broken line, 射线ray , 平面plane,曲面curved surface

3.立体solid, 柱体cylinder, 立方体cube,球sphere, 棱锥pyramid,圆锥cone ,

4.圆circle,圆心center, 直径diameter, 半径radius, 半圆semicircle, 弦chord, 弧arc, 优弧major arc, 劣弧minor arc

5.角angle, 边side, 三角形triangle, 直角三角形right triangle,斜边hypotenuse, 直

角边right-angle side

6.长度length,宽度breadth/width,厚度thickness, 位置position

7.几何的geometrical,立体的three-dimensional , 弯曲的curved,等距离的equidistant ,无限的infinite