阅读理解技巧与方法

阅读理解基本技巧

阅读理解在英语考试中历来占有很大的分量，其重要性自不待言。许多学生对阅读往往存在一些误解，简单地以为只要掌握了词汇和语法就可解决问题，因而不了解如何运用主动的阅读方法来有效地进行阅读和解答相关的题型，无论阅读能力还是答题的准确性都相应地不那么令人满意。所以，了解并熟练掌握阅读方法是有效阅读的关键。

考试中的阅读涉及到精读和略读，这要求速度和理解达到有效地统一。

（一）猜测生词含义

阅读理解中的词汇考题属于超纲词汇

依据具体的语境确定其意义

1.定义或解释

当文章出现生僻单词时，多数情况下，作者会利用同位语、定语从句，或具体举例等对该词进行解释或提供同义词，解释的部分有时也会放在紧随相关词语后的破折号、括号中。

例1 Botany, the study of plants, occupies an important position in the history of human knowledge.

例2 The explanation, if it seems consistently to fit the various facts, is called a hypothesis.

例3 Mr. Jackson is an oculist, who specializes in the treatment of eye disease.

例4Energy can be transformed or changed from one type to another.

例5 The manager felt that the situation was helpless, and the futility of his efforts bothered him a great deal.

例6 Job-hopping --- moving form job to job --- is quite acceptable in the United States.

例7 By freeing the child from its evil nature, parents believed they could then guide the child into acquiring the right character traits, such as honesty, industriousness, and diligence.

2.对立与反义关系

另一种较为常见的语境线索是对比与反义，即将意义互为对立的语句或矛盾双方并列在一起。根据上下文的这种关系，可由一方的语义推理出其对立面词语的含义。

例8Man is surprised to find that things near are less beautiful and

wondrous than things remote.

例9The storm of change, far from abating, now seems to be

growing stronger.

例10Twice before she had seen Joe’s hopes soar as high as the stars,

and then sink to the depths.

例11To everyone’s surprise the speed was eulogistic rather than

critical in tone.

例12Through the thick gloom of the present I see the brightness of

the future as the sun in heaven.

例13Some people enjoy talking about their fears while others resent

being asked to discuss their personal feelings.

例14 A good manager can recognize instantly the adept workers from

the unskilled ones.

3. 因果关系

语境的因果关系也能提供重要的线索，无论是原因还是结果，只要知道其中一方的含义，就可推知所谈论的总的主题和相应另一方结果或原因的内容，这样所涉及到的生词的理解就变得容易许多。

例15 Most materials expand when they are heated and contract when they are cold.

例16 The people are so open-hearted and hospitable that foreigners often find that they make friends with them quickly.

例17 I generally liked the academic environment and concluded that going to graduate school was appealing.

例18 Steinbeck was a man of strong social conscience, and he used his pen to protest the tragic lives and treatment of poor workers in America.

例19 I know that resistance to British aggression is deep and settled in their hearts and cannot be eradicated.

例20 Tom worried all weekend, but I was too preoccupied with my work to worry.

4. 主题与关键词关系

如果句子陈述一个事实，对这个事实（主题）的总体把握有助于对其中个别词语的理解，特别是当描述一个物品或动作行为时，往往包含一些关键的线索词（如，相关的特征、介词短语等），结合一般的常识与经验，可以判断出生词的含义。

例21The Olympics starts with the arrival in the stadium of a torch, lighted on Mount Olympus by the sun’s ray.

例22The well-known Olympic flag, however, is a modern conception: the five interlocking rings symbolize the uniting of all five

continents participating in the Games.

例23Upon hearing the good news, the king manifested his pleasure with a hearty laugh.

例24Today’s success in weather forecasting stems from applied rather than pure science.

例25 A good scientist probes into all aspects of a problem in order to find a solution.