语义标记词

语义标记词

顺序关系 (Listing)

firstly(first) / secondly(second) / thirdly(third) / in the first place / my next point is / to begin with / last but not least /

finally / for one thing / previously/ subsequently / next / for a

start / first of all

目的：有条理的陈述、列举一些事实或者观点

用法：理清思路，准确了解每一点讲述的内容和重点

因果关系 (Cause and effect)

so / because / since / therefore / thus / for this reason / as a

result / consequently / for / because of / due to / owing to / to result in / resulting from

目的：帮助迅速精确的定位信息点（很多题目问得是“为什么”）

用法：弄清哪些是原因，哪些是结果

例证关系 (Illustration)

For instance / for example / suppose / let’s take … / an example of this is … / a case in point / (that) is …

目的：用具体事例来证明或者解释其观点

用法：当对于阐述内容不是十分理解的时候，可以利用例子帮助自己消化思考（如果已经理解，可以例子时间用来阅读后面题目）

转折关系 (changing the direction of thought) 17

But / and yet / nevertheless / on the other hand / although / though / however / on the contrary / in spite of / despite / while / whereas / othwise / instead / as a matter of fact / by contrast / contrarily 目的：提示听众说华人即将表达自己对某些事物的真正看法

用法：任何听力片断中都会出现，转折词之前的信息往往被设置成干扰项

归纳关系 (summary)

To summarize / in other words / if I can just sum up / what I have been saying is / to sum up / to conclude / in short / in sum / in

brief / in conclusion / thus / on the whole / it amounts to this / in a word

目的：说话人发言要点的概括

用法：听到归纳关系词标志着录音即将结束，或某一方面的阐述即将告一段落，

马上将会有一段信息点非常集中的陈述，之前漏做的题目有一次补救的机会

时间顺序 (time relationship)

Then / previously / before / while / when / meanwhile/ next / after

that / in the meantime

目的：加强文章逻辑感，表明先后

用法：动作或步骤排序题应特别注意时间顺序词

强调关系 (relative importance of something) 6

It is worth nothing / actually / specially / especially / I’d like

to direct (call your attention to)… / on point that deserves spcial attention…

目的：标志着重点信息的到来

用法：优先考虑，集中精神听

解释关系 (explanation or clarification)

That is / namely / in other words / that is to say / I mean another

way of saying… / let me put it this way / to put it another way / to put it simply

目的：a. 解释可能会造成理解困难的阐述

b. 重复重要信息

用法：某信息反复强调或解释时，毫无疑问是考点

(与例证关系词的区别在于，此类词汇并非给出实例，只是词或句子的简单解释)

条件关系 (conditon)

If / unless / assuming that / under the condition that.. / if … not

目的：特别注意引导词的从局部分

用法：条件与结果相比，条件更容易作为考试的考点