商业银行管理学课后题答案(第三版全)
商业银行课后章节习题及参考答案
商业银行课后章节习题及参考答案第一章1．商业银行从传统业务发展到“金融百货公司”说明了什么问题？随着金融竞争的加剧，金融创新成为商业银行发展的关键和动力源。
这不仅表现在银行传统业务市场已被瓜分完毕，需要通过创新来挖掘新的市场和发展机会，而且对传统业务市场的竞争和重新分配也必须借助新的手段和方式。
各家商业银行纷纷利用新的科学技术、借鉴国外商业银行的先进经验，进行技术、制度和经营管理方式创新，全面拓展银行发展空间。
商业银行进行业务扩展可以分散经营风险，减少风险总量；多渠道获取利润；为社会提供全方位的金融服务；符合金融市场的运作要求内在统一性。
2．如何认识现代商业银行的作用？P5信用中介、支付中介、信用创造、金融服务3．银行组织形式有哪些？近年来，银行控股公司为什么发展迅速？P7银行的组织形式有：单一银行制、分行制和银行控股公司制（银行控股公司、非银行控股公司）金融控股公司的发展是随着全球金融自由化、市场竞争和现代信息技术在金融业广泛应用而日益兴隆的，它是现代经济发展的必然产物。
20世纪70年代中后期以来，全球范围内的放松市场监管、企业客户和个人客户的全球化发展，以及信息技术对金融业各个方面的战略性影响，使金融结构和客户结构发生了巨大变化。
各类金融机构开始向其他金融服务领域渗透，主要市场经济国家的金融业开始从分业经营体制向综合经营体制转型。
1.联合经营获得规模效应金融控股集团各子公司虽然是分业经营，但已经不是纯粹意义上的单一经营，而是互相联合起来，共同从事多种金融经营，保证集团整体效益的实现。
金融控股集团的基本作用是形成同一集团在品牌、经营战略、营销网络以及信息共享等方面的协同优势，降低集团整体的经营成本并从多元化经营中获取更多收益。
金融资产的强关联性和弱专用性，决定了其综合经营比其他行业更能形成规模经济和范围经济，而控股公司结构正是发挥这一优势的合适载体。
（产品创新、营销等）2.在当前监管体制下规避风险法人分业的作用是防止不同金融业务风险的相互传递，将风险控制在最小范围内，同时可对关联交易起到一定的遏制作用。
商业银行经营管理学(第三版)第02章商业银行经营管理理论
2.1.1 资产管理理论
3)预期收入理论的局限性： ① 把预期收入作为资产经营的标准,而预期收入状况是由银行自己预 测的,不可能完全准确; ② 在资产期限较长的情况下,债务人的经营情况可能发生变化,届时并 不一定具备偿还能力。尤其当利率水平升高的时候,未来的偿付能力往 往比预期的更小。
2.2.3 资产负债管理方法
资金配置法的缺陷： 资金分配法仅根据负债的周转速度确定银行的资产分配数量,但是有些 负债来源具有期权性质,实际的资金周转与银行预计的周转速度不一定 一致,因此银行仍然无法排除流动性不足情况的发生。而且资金分配法 没有考虑资产方,如贷款的偿还也可以提供流动性的供给。
2.2.3 资产负债管理方法
第2章 商业银行经营管理理论
学习目标
通过本章的学习，掌握商业银行经营管理的基本理论；掌握商业银行 资产负债管理的基本方法。
主要内容
2.1 资产管理理论与负债管理理论 2.2 商业银行资产负债综合管理理论
2.1 资产管理理论与负债管理理论
2.1.1 资产管理理论 2.1.2 负债管理理论
1)真实票据理论 2)资产转移理论 3)预期收入理论
2.2.1 资产负债综合管理基本原理
3)风险分散原理 银行要将资产在不同客户、不同种类中进行有效分散,避免资产过于集 中以及在风险成为现实时措手不及。每个行业(公司)都有自己的特有 风险,将资产在不同行业(公司)之间进行分散,可以有效地使行业(公司) 的特有风险在一定程度上抵消,减少银行面临的风险。
《商业银行管理学》课后习题参考答案
《商业银行管理学》习题参考答案第一章1．金融制度对现代经济体系的运行起到了什么作用？（1）配置功能（2）节约功能（3）激励功能（4）调节功能2．商业银行在整个金融体系中有哪些功能？（1）金融服务功能（2）信用创造功能3．美国、英国、日本和德国的商业银行制度特征是什么？比较英美和日德的银行制度差异。
美国：是金融制度创新和金融产品创新的中心，拥有健全的法律法规对银行进行管制；竞争的激烈，使得美国商业银行具有完善的管理体系和较高的管理水平；受到双重银行体系的管制，即联邦和州权力机构都掌握着管制银行的权利。
英国：成立最早，经验丰富，实行分支行制；银行系统种类齐全、数量众多，按英国的分类，英国的银行主要包括清算银行，商人银行，贴现行，其他英国银行和海外银行等机构；不存在正式的制度化的银行管理机构，惟一的监管机构是作为中央银行的英格兰银行；典型的实行分业经营的国家。
日本：货币的统一发行集中到中央银行－日本银行；商业银行按区域划分的，具体可分为两大类型，即都市银行和地方银行；受到广泛的政府管制；二战前仿效英国业务分离的做法，之后随着环境的变化和经济的发展日本银行从1998年开始实行混业经营。
德国：由统一的中央银行－德意志联邦银行，统一发行货币，且德意志联邦银行被认为是欧洲各国中最具有独立性的中央银行。
德国银行高度集中，实行全能化的银行制度，密集程度是欧盟各国中最高的。
区别：英美在其业务上侧重存款的管理，而日德则侧重在贷款方面。
英美制度完善，有利于银行之间的竞争，日德法律体系发展相对缓慢。
4．根据你对我国银行业的认识，讨论我国银行业在国民经济中的地位以及制度特征。
答：地位：（1）我国的商业银行已成为整个国民经济活动的中枢（2）我国的商业银行的业务活动对全社会的货币供给具有重要影响（3）商业银行已经成为社会经济活动的信息中心（4）商业银行已经成为国家实施宏观经济政策的重要途径和基础（5）商业银行成了社会资本运动的中心制度特征：建立商业银行原则，有利于银行竞争，有利于保护银行体系安全与稳定，使银行保持适当规模。
银行管理学(含答案)
对外经济贸易大学远程教育学院2008--2009学年第一学期《银行管理学》期末考试大纲本复习大纲适用于本学期的期末考试，所列题目为期末试卷试题的出题范围。
本次期末考试题型分为三种：单项选择题；多项选择题；判断正误题。
本次期末考试三种题型所占分数比例为：单项选择题占40%；多项选择题占30%；判断正误题占30%。
期末复习思考题（请和本学期公布的大纲核对，红色答案来自答疑系统，供参考）（一）单项选择题1、以下哪项性质使商业银行区别于一般工商企业：（B）A、公司性B、金融性C、商业性D、投资性2、传统上一般将商业银行的功能概括为信用中介、支付中介、信用创造和金融服务四项。
在这四项功能中，商业银行最基本的功能是（A）A、信用中介B、支付中介C、信用创造D、金融服务3、信用创造功能又称货币创造功能，是在商业银行在信用中介功能和支付中介功能基础上产生的。
以下哪一项不属于商业银行信用创造制约条件：（C）A、现金准备率B、中央银行存款准备金率C、中央银行贴现率D、贷款付现率4、商业银行经营目标是（C ）A、存款最大化B、贷款最大化C、股东价值最大化D、风险最小化5、下列关于商业银行盈利性、流动性、安全性的关系的说法不正确的是（B）A、商业银行只有保持必要的流动性和安全性，才能从根本上保证盈利原则的顺利实现。
B、盈利性与流动性、盈利性与安全性之间是对立的，但流动性和安全性之间总是一致的。
C、盈利性是安全性和流动性的最终目标和重要保证。
D、在商业银行经营管理的过程中，盈利性、流动性、安全性之间既有矛盾的一面，也有一致的一面。
6、商业银行财务报表，是商业银行依据会计准则编制的反映商业银行某一特定日期的财务状况和某一会计期间的经营成果、现金流量等会计信息的文件。
以下关于商业银行财务报表说法正确的是（ C ）A、资产负债表反映的是银行在一定会计期间的财务状况。
B、利润表反映的是银行在某一特定日期的经营成果。
C、现金流量表反映的是一定期间内银行现金（及其等价物）的流入和流出情况。
(完整版)《商业银行管理学》课后习题答案
《商业银行管理学》课后习题及题解第一章商业银行管理学导论习题一、判断题1. 《金融服务现代化法案》的核心内容之一就是废除《格拉斯－斯蒂格尔法》。
2. 政府放松金融管制与加强金融监管是相互矛盾的。
3. 商业银行管理的最终目标是追求利润最大化。
4. 在金融市场上，商业银行等金融中介起着类似于中介经纪人的角色。
5. 商业银行具有明显的企业性质，所以常用于企业管理的最优化原理如边际分享原理、投入要素最优组合原理、规模经济原理也适用于商业银行。
6. 金融市场的交易成本和信息不对称决定了商业银行在金融市场中的主体地位。
7. 企业价值最大化是商业银行管理的基本目标。
8. 商业银行管理学研究的主要对象是围绕稀缺资源信用资金的优化配置所展开的各种业务及相关的组织管理问题。
9. 商业银行资金的安全性指的是银行投入的信用资金在不受损失的情况下能如期收回。
二、简答题1. 试述商业银行的性质与功能。
2. 如何理解商业银行管理的目标？3. 现代商业银行经营的特点有哪些？4. 商业银行管理学的研究对象和内容是什么？5. 如何看待“三性”平衡之间的关系？三、论述题1. 论述商业银行的三性目标是什么，如何处理三者之间的关系。
2. 试结合我国实际论述商业银行在金融体系中的作用。
第一章习题参考答案一、判断题1.√2.×3.×4.√5.×6.√7.×8.√9.√二、略；三、略。
第二章商业银行资本金管理习题一、判断题1. 新巴塞尔资本协议规定，商业银行的核心资本充足率仍为4％。
2. 巴塞尔协议规定，银行附属资本的合计金额不得超过其核心资本的50%。
3. 新巴塞尔资本协议对银行信用风险提供了两种方法：标准法和内部模型法。
4. 资本充足率反映了商业银行抵御风险的能力。
5. 我国国有商业银行目前只能通过财政增资的方式增加资本金。
6. 商业银行计算信用风险加权资产的标准法中的风险权重由监管机关规定。
二、单选题1. 我国《商业银行资本充足率管理办法》规定，计入附属资本的长期次级债务不得超过核心资本的。
商业银行管理 ROSE 7e 课后答案chapter_08
CHAPTER 8USING FINANCIAL FUTURES, OPTIONS, SWAPS, AND OTHER HEDGING TOOLSIN ASSET-LIABILITY MANAGEMENTGoal of This Chapter: The purpose of this chapter is to examine how financial futures, option, and swap contracts, as well as selected other asset-liability management techniques can be employed to help reduce a bank’s potential exposure to loss as market conditions change. We will also discover how swap contracts and other hedging tools can generate additional revenues for banks by providing risk-hedging services to their customers.Key Topics in this Chapter•The Use of Derivatives•Financial Futures Contracts: Purpose and Mechanics•Short and Long Hedges•Interest-Rate Options:Types of Contracts and Mechanics•Interest-Rate Swaps•Regulations and Accounting Rules•Caps, Floor, and CollarsChapter OutlineI. Introduction: Several of the Most Widely Used Tools to Manage Risk ExposureII. Use of Derivative ContractsIII. Financial Futures Contracts: Promises of Future Security Trades at a Set PriceA. Background on FuturesB. Purposes of Financial Futures TradingC. Most Popular Types of Futures ContractsD. The Short Hedge in FuturesE. The Long Hedge in Futures1. Using Long and Short Hedges to Protect Income and Value2. Basis Risk3. Basis Risk with a Short Hedge4 Basis Risk with a Long Hedge5. Number of Futures Contracts NeededIV. Interest Rate OptionsA. Nature of Interest-Rate OptionsB. How They Differ from Futures ContractsC. Most Popular Types of OptionsD. Purpose of Interest-Rate OptionsV. Regulations and Accounting Rules for Bank Futures and Options Trading105VI. Interest Rate SwapsA. Nature of swapsB. Quality swapsC. Advantages of Swaps Over Other Hedging MethodsD. Reverse swapsE. Potential Disadvantages of SwapsVII. Caps, Floors, and CollarsA. Interest Rate CapsB. Interest Rate FloorsC. Interest Rate CollarsVIII. Summary of the ChapterConcept Checks8-1. What are financial futures contracts? Which financial institutions use futures and other derivatives for risk management?Financial futures contacts are contracts calling for the delivery of specific types of securities at a set price on a specific future date. Financial futures contract help to hedge interest rate risk and are thus, used by any bank or financial institution that is subject to interest rate risk.8-2. How can financial futures help financial service firms deal with interest-rate risk?Financial futures allow banks and other financial institutions to deal with interest-rate risk by reducing risk exposure from unexpected price changes. The financial futures markets are designed to shift the risk of interest rate fluctuations from risk-averse investors to speculators willing to accept and possibly profit from such risks.8-3. What is a long hedge in financial futures? A short hedge?A long hedger offsets risk by buying financial futures contracts around the time new deposits are expected, when a loan is to be made, or when securities are added to the bank's portfolio. Later, as deposits and loans approach maturity or securities are sold, a like amount of futures contracts is sold. A short hedger offsets risk by selling futures contracts when the bank is expecting a large cash inflow in the near future. Later, as deposits come flowing in, a like amount of futures contracts is purchased.8-4. What futures transactions would most likely be used in a period of rising interest rates? Falling interest rates?Rising interest rates generally call for a short hedge, while falling interest rates usually call for some form of long hedge.8-5. How do you interpret the quotes for financial futures in The Wall Street Journal?106The first column gives you the opening price, the second and third the daily high and low price, respectively. The fourth column shows the settlement price followed by the change in the settlement price from the previous day. The next two columns show the historic high and low price and the last column points out the open interest in the contract.8-6. A futures is currently selling at an interest yield of 4 percent, while yields currently stand at 4.60 percent. What is the basis for these contracts?The basis for these contracts is currently 4.60% – 4% or 60 basis points.8-7. Suppose a bank wishes to sell $150 million in new deposits next month. Interest rates today on comparable deposits stand at 8 percent, but are expected to rise to 8.25 percent next month. Concerned about the possible rise in borrowing costs, management wishes to use a futures contract. What type of contract would you recommend? If the bank does not cover the interest rate risk involved, how much in lost potential profits could the bank experience?At an interest rate of 8 percent:= $1 million$150 million x 0.08 x 30360At an interest rate of 8.25 percent:$150 million x 0.0825 x 30= $1.031 million360The potential loss in profit without using futures is $0.0313 million or $31.3 thousand. In this case the bank should use a short hedge.8-8. What kind of futures hedge would be appropriate in each of the following situations?a. A financial firm fears that rising deposit interest rates will result in losses on fixed-rateloans?b. A financial firm holds a large block of floating-rate loans and market interest rates arefalling?c. A projected rise in market rates of interest threatens the value of the financial firm’sbond portfolio?a. The rising deposit interest rates could be offset with a short hedge in futures contracts (for example, using Eurodollar deposit futures).b. Falling interest yields on floating-rate loans could be at least partially offset by a long hedge in Treasury bonds.107c. The bank's bond portfolio could be protected through appropriate short hedges using Treasury bond and note futures contracts.8-9. Explain what is involved in a put option?A put option allows its holder to sell securities to the option writer at a specified price. The buyer of a put option expects market prices to decline in the future or market interest rates to increase. The writer of the contract expects market prices to stay the same or rise in the future.8-10. What is a call option?A call option permits the option holder to purchase specific securities at a guaranteed price from the writer of the option contract. The buyer of the call option expects market prices to rise in the future or expects interest rates to fall in the future. The writer of the contract expects market prices to stay the same or fall in the future.8-11. What is an option on a futures contract?An option on a futures contract does not differ from any other kind of option except that the underlying asset is not a security, but a futures contract.8-12. What information do T-bond and Eurodollar futures option quotes contain?The quotes contain information about the strike prices and the call and put prices at each different strike price for given months.8-13. Suppose market interest rates were expected to rise? What type of option would normally be used?If interest rates were expected to rise, a put option would normally be used. A put option allows the option holder to deliver securities to the option writer at a price which is now above market and make a profit.8-14. If market interest rates were expected to fall, what type of option would a financial institution’s manager be likely to employ?If interest rates were expected to fall, a call option would likely be employed. When interest rates fall, the market value of a security increases. The security can then be purchased at the option price and sold at a profit at the higher market price.8-15. What rules and regulations have recently been imposed on the use of futures, options, and other derivatives? What does the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) require publicly traded firms to do in accounting for derivative transactions?108Each bank has to implement a proper risk management system comprised of (1) policies and procedures to control financial risk taking, (2) risk measurement and reporting systems and (3) independent oversight and control processes. In addition, FASB introduced statement 133 which requires that all derivatives are recorded on the balance sheet as assets or liabilities at their fair value. Furthermore, the change in the fair value of a derivative and a fair value hedge must be reflected on the income statement.8-16. What is the purpose of an interest rate swap?The purpose of an interest rate swap is to change an institution's exposure to interest rate fluctuations and achieve lower borrowing costs.8-17. What are the principal advantages and disadvantages of rate swaps?The principal advantage of an interest-rate swap is the reduction of interest-rate risk of both parties to the swap by allowing each party to better balance asset and liability maturities and cash-flow patterns. Another advantage of swaps is that they usually reduce interest costs for one or both parties to the swap. The principal disadvantage of swaps is they may carry substantial brokerage fees, credit risk and some basis risk.8-18. How can a financial institution get itself out of a swap agreement?The usual way to offset an existing swap is to undertake another swap agreement with opposite characteristics.8-19. How can financial-service providers make use of interest rate caps, floors, and collars to generate revenue and help manage interest rate risk?Banks and other financial institutions can generate revenue by charging up-front fees for interest rate caps on loans and interest rate floors on securities. In addition, a positive net premium on interest rate collars will add to a bank's fee income. Caps, floors, and collars help manage interest rate risk by setting maximum and minimum interest rates on loans and securities. They allow the lender and borrower to share interest rate risk.8-20. Suppose a bank enters into an agreement to make a $10 million, three-year floating-rate loan to one of its corporate customers at an initial rate of 8 percent. The bank and the customer agree to a cap and a floor arrangement in which the customer reimburses the bank if the floating loan rate drops below 6 percent and the bank reimburses the customers if the loan rate rises above 10 percent. Suppose that, at the beginning of the loan's second year, the floating loan rate drops to 4 percent for a year and then, at the beginning of the third year, the loan rate increases to 11 percent for the year. What rebates must be paid by each party to the agreement?The rebate owed by the bank for the third year must be:(11%-10%) x $10 million = $100,000.109The rebate that must be forwarded to the bank for the second year must be:(6%-4%) x $10 million = $200,000.Problems8-1. You hedged your bank’s exposure to declining interest rates by buying one March Treasury bond futures contract at the opening price on November 21, 2005(see exhibit 8-2). It is now January 9, and you discover that on Friday, January 6 March T-bond futures opened at 113-17 and settled at 113-16.a. What are the profits/losses on your long position as of settlement on January 6?Buy at 112-06 or 112 6/32 per contract = 112,187.50Value at settlement on January 6, 113-16 or 113 16/32 = 113,500.Gain = 113,500 – 112,187.50 = $1312.50b. If you deposited the required initial margin on 11/21 and have not touched theequity account since making that cash deposit, what is your equity accountbalance?The equity account balance will increase by the gain in the position,thus $1,150 + $1312.50 = $2,462.508-2 Use the quotes of Eurodollar futures contracts traded on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange on December 20, 2005 to answer the following questions:a. What is the annualized discount yield based on the low IMM index for the nearestJune contract?The annualized discount yield is 100 – 95.13 = 4.87 percentb. If your bank took a short position at the high price for the day for 15 contracts, whatwould be the dollar gain or loss at settlement on December 20, 2005?Sell at high price: (1,000,000x[1-((4.87/100)x90/360)]x15 = 14,817,375Value at settlement: (1,000,000x[1-((4.86/100)x90/360)]x15 = 14,817,750Loss: 14,817,375 – 14,817,750 = -$375c. If you deposited the initial required hedging margin in your equity account upontaking the position described in b, what would be the marked to market value ofyour equity account at settlement?Initial margin = $700x15 = $10,500110You realize a $375 loss for this transaction.Thus your equity position is: $10,500 - $375 = $10,1258-3. What kind of futures or options hedges would be called for in the following situations?a. Market interest rates are expected to increase and First National Bank’s asset andliability managers expect to liquidate a portion of their bond portfolio to meetdepositor’s demands for funds in the upcoming quarter.First National can expect a lower price when they sell their bond portfolio unless it uses short futures hedges in which contracts for government securities are first sold and then purchased at a profit as security prices fall provided interest rate really do rise as expected. A similar gain could be made using put options on government securities or on financial futures contracts.b. Silsbee Savings Bank has interest-sensitive assets of $79 million and interest-sensitive liabilities of $88 million over the next 30 days and market interest rates are expected to rise. Silsbee Savings Bank’s interest-sensitive liabilities exceed its interest-sensitive assets by $11 million which means the bank will be open to losses if interest rates rise. The bank could sell financial futures contracts or use a put option on government securities or financial futures contracts approximately equal in dollar volume to the $11 million interest-sensitive gap to hedge their risk.c. A survey of Tuskee Bank’s corporate loan customers this month (January) indicates that, on balance, this group of firms will need to draw $165 million from their credit lines in February and March, which is $65 million more than the bank’s management has forecasted and prepared for. The bank’s economist has predicted a significant increase in money market interest rates over the next 60 days.The forecast of higher interest rates means the bank must borrow at a higher interest cost which, other things held equal, will lower its net interest margin. To offset the expected higher borrowing costs the bank's management should consider a short sale of financial futures contracts or a put option approximately equal in volume to the additional loan demand. Either government securities or EuroCDs would be good instruments to consider using in the futures market or in the option market.d. Monarch National Bank has interest-sensitive assets greater than interest sensitive liabilities by $24 million. If interest rates fall (as suggested by data from the Federal Reserve Board) the bank’s net interest margin may be squeezed due to the decrease in loan and security revenue.Monarch National Bank has interest-sensitive assets greater than interest-sensitive liabilities by $24 million. If interest rates fall, the bank's net interest margin will likely be squeezed due to the faster fall in interest income. Purchases of financial futures contracts followed by a subsequent sale or call options would probably help here.111e. Caufield Thrift Association finds that its assets have an average duration of 1.5 years and its liabilities have an average duration of 1.1 years. The ratio of liabilities to assets is .90. Interest rates are expected to increase by 50 basis points during the next six months.Caufield Bank and Trust Company has asset duration of 1.5 years and a liabilities duration of 1.1.A 50-basis point rise in money-market rates would reduce asset values relative to liabilities which mean its net worth would decline. The bank should consider short sales of government futures contracts or put options on these securities or on their related futures contracts.8-4. Your bank needs to borrow $300 million by selling time deposits with 180-day maturities. If interest rates on comparable deposits are currently at 4 percent, what is the cost of issuing these deposits? Suppose deposit interest rates rise to 5 percent. What then will be the marginal cost of these deposits? What position and types of futures contract could be used to deal with this cost increase?At a rate of 4 percent the interest cost is:$300 million x 0.04 x 180= $6,000,000360At a rate of 5 percent the interest cost would be:= $7,500,000$300 million x 0.05 x 180360A short hedge could be used based upon Eurodollar time deposits.8-5. In response to the above scenario, management sells 300, 90-day Eurodollar time deposits futures contracts trading at an IMM Index of 98. Interest rates rise as anticipated and your bank offsets its position by buying 300 contracts at an IMM index of 96.98. What type of hedge is this? What before-tax profit or loss is realized from the futures position?Bank sells Eurodollar futures at (1,000,000*[1-((2/100)*90/360)] $995,000 (per contract)Bank buys Eurodollar futures at (1,000,000*[(1-(3.02/100)*90/360]$992,450 (per contract) Expected Before-tax Profit $ 2,550 (per contract)And Total Profit would be 300*$2550 = $765,000In this case the bank has employed a short hedge which partially offsets the higherborrowing costs outlined above.8-6. It is March and Cavalier Financial Services Corporation is concerned about what an increase in interest rates will do to the value of its bond portfolio. The portfolio currently has a market value of $101.1 million and Cavalier’s management intends to liquidate $1.1 million in bonds in June to fund additional corporate loans. If interest rates increase to 6 percent, the bond will sell for $1 million with a loss of $100,000. Cavalier’s management sells 10 June Treasury bond contracts at 109-05 in March. Interest rates do increase, and in June Cavalier’s ma nagement offsets its position by buying 10 June Treasury bond contracts at 100-03.112113a.What is the dollar gain/loss to Cavalier from the combined cash and futures market operations described above?Loss on cash transaction: $100,000Gain on futures transaction: 109,156.25 – 100,093.75 = 9062.5 (per contract)Loss: 9062.50(10) – 100,000 = -$9,375b. What is the basis at the initiation of the hedge?110,000 – 109,156.25 = 843.75c. What is the basis at the termination of the hedge?100,000 – 100,093.75 = -93.75d. Illustrate how the dollar return is related to the change in the basis from initiationfrom termination?Dollar return = -93.75 – 843.75 = -937.50 per contract or –937.50(10) = -$93758-7. By what amount will the market value of a Treasury bond futures contract change ifinterest rates rise from 5 to 6 percent? The underlying Treasury bond has a duration of 10.48 years and the Treasury bond futures contract is currently quoted at 113-06 (Remember that Treasury bonds are quoted in 32nds)Change in value = -10.48 x $113,187.50 x .01/(1+.05) = -$11,297.198-8. Trojan National Bank reports that its assets have a duration of 8 years and its liabilities average 3 years in duration. To hedge this duration gap, management plans to employ Treasury bond futures, which are currently quoted at 112-17 and have a duration of 10.36 years. Trojan ’s latest financial report shows total assets of $120 million and liabilities of $97 million.Approximately how many futures contracts will the bank need to cover its overall exposure?Number of Futures Contracts Needed = 25.531,112*36.10000,000,120*]3*120978[ = 5748-9 You hedged your bank’s exposure to declining interest rates by buying one March call on Treasury bond futures at the premium quoted on December 13th , 2005 (see exhibit 8-4).a. How much did you pay for the call in dollars if you chose the strike price of 110?(Remember that option premiums are quoted in 64ths.)Price per call = 2.625 x 100,000 = $262,500b. Using the following information for trades on December 21, 2005, if you sold thecall on 12/21/05 due to a change in circumstances would you have reaped a profitor loss? Determine the amount of the profit/loss.Sell call at: 3.125 x 100,000 = 312,500Gain = 312,500 – 262,500 = $50008-10 Refer to the information given for problem 9. You hedged your bank’s exposure to increasing interest rates by buying one March put on Treasury bond futures at the premium quoted on December 13th, 2005 (see exhibit 8-4).a. How much did you pay for the put in dollars if you chose the strike price of 110?(Remember that premiums are quoted in 64ths.)Price per put = .765625 x 100,000 = $76,562.25b. Using the above information for trades on December 21, 2005, if you sold the puton 12/21/05 due to a change in circumstances would you have reaped a profit orloss? Determine the amount of the profit/loss.Sell put at: .421875 x 100,000 = $42,187.50Loss = $42,187.50 – 76,562.25 = -$34,374.758-11. You hedged your thrift institution’s exposure to dec lining interest rates by buying one March call on Eurodollar deposits futures at the premium quoted on December 13th, 2005 (see exhibit 8-4).a. How much did you pay for the call in dollars if you chose the strike price of 9525?(remember that premiums are quoted in IMM index terms)Value of the call: 6.25 x $25 = $156.25b. If March arrives and Eurodollar Deposit Futures have a settlement index atexpiration of 96.00, what is your profit or loss? (Remember to include the premiumpaid for the call option).Payout from settlement: (9600-9525) 75 basis points x $25 = $1,875Net gain: $1,875 –$156.25 = $1,718.758-12. You hedged your bank’s exposure to increasing interest rates by buying one March put on Eurodollar deposit futures at the premium quoted on December 13th, 2005 (see exhibit 8-4).a. How much did you pay for the put in dollars if you chose the strike price of 9,550?(remember that premiums are quoted in IMM index terms)114Value of the put: 29.25 x $25 = $731.25b. If March arrives and Eurodollar Deposit Futures have a settlement index atexpiration of 96.00, what is your profit or loss? (Remember to include the premiumpaid for the put option).Payout from settlement: $0 (option is out of the money)Net loss: $0 - $731.25 = -$731.258-13. A bank is considering the use of options to deal with a serious funding cost problem. Deposit interest rates have been rising for six months, currently averaging 5 percent, and are expected to climb as high as 6.75% over the next 90 days. The bank plans to issue $60 million in new money market deposits in about 90 days. It can buy put or call options on 90 day Eurodollar time deposit futures contracts for a quoted premium of .31 or $775 for each million-dollar contract. The strike price is quoted as 9,500. We expect the futures to trade at an index of 93.50 within 90 days. What kind of option should the bank buy? What before tax profit could the bank earn for each option under the terms described?You are trying to protect the bank against rising interest rates, thus you want to buy a put option. Profit on put: payout from settlement = (9500-9350) 150 basis points x $25 = $3,750Net profit: $3,750 - $775 = $2,975If the bank bought the call option, the value at settlement would be $0 and the bank would loose the call premium of $775.8-14. Hokie Savings Bank wants to purchase a portfolio of home mortgage loans with an expected average return of 8.5 percent. The bank’s management is concerned that interest rates will drop and the cost of the portfolio will increase from the current price of $50 million. In six months when the funds become available to purchase the loan portfolio, market interest rates are expected to be in the 7.5 percent range. Treasury bond options are available today at a quoted price of $79,000 (per $100,000 contract), upon payment of a $700 premium, and are forecast to rise to a market value of $87,000 per contract. What before-tax profits could the bank earn per contract on this transaction? How many options should Hokie buy?Profit per contract: $87,000 - $79,000 -$700 = $7,300Hokie should buy enough options to offset the increase in the price of the loan portfolio. Thus, figure out the price increase and divide that number by 7,300 to get the number of options needed. 8-15. A savings and loan’s credit rating has just slipped, and half of its assets are long term mortgages. It offers to swap interest payments with a money-center bank in a $100 million deal. The bank can borrow short term at LIBOR (8.05 percent) and long term at 8.95 percent. The S&L must pay LIBOR plus 1.5 percent on short term debt and 10.75 percent on long term debt. Show how these parties could put together a swap deal that benefits both of them about equally.115This SWAP agreement would have the form:Fixed Rate the Floating Rate PotentialBorrower Pays the Borrower Interest-Rateif They Issue Pays on Short- SavingsLong-Term Bonds Term Loans of Each BorrowerS&L 10.75% LIBOR + 1.50% 1.20%Money- 8.95% LIBOR (8.05%) 0.90%Center BankDifference 1.80% 1.50% 0.30%in Rates Due toDifferences inCredit RatingsIf the money-center bank borrows long-term at 8.95 percent and the S&L at LIBOR + 1.50 percent (which is currently 8.05 + 1.50 or 9.55 percent) and they exchange interest payments, both would save if the S&L agreed to pay a portion of the bank’s basic borrowing rate. For example, the S&L could pay 160 basis points to the bank which would more than cover the difference. After the exchange in payments and basis points the S&L would pay 8.95% +1.6% or 10.55% which is lower than the S&L’s long term rate and the bank would pay 9.55%-1.6% or 7.95% which is less than the bank’s short term rate and each party would get the type of payment they want.8-16. A bank plans to borrow $55 million in the money market at a current interest rate of 4.5 percent. However, the borrowing rate will float with market conditions. To protect itself the bank has purchased an interest-rate cap of 5 percent to cover this borrowing. If money market interest rates on these funds suddenly climb to 5.5 percent as the borrowing begins, how much in total interest will the bank owe and how much of an interest rebate will it receive assuming the borrowing is only for one month?Total Amount Interest Number of Months Interest Owed = Borrowed * Rate Charged * 12= $55 million x 0..055 x 112= $0.527 million or $252,083.33.How much of an interest rebate will the bank receive for its one-month borrowing?116[]12MonthsofNumberxBorrowedAmt.xRateCap-RateInterestMarketRebateInterest == (.055 - .05) x $55 million x 112= $22,916.67.8-17. Suppose that Jasper Savings Association has recently granted a loan of $2.4 million to Fairhills Farms at prime plus .5 percent for six months. In return for granting Fairhills an interest cap of 8% on its loan, this thrift has received from this customer a floor rate on the loan of 6 percent. Suppose that, as the loan is about to start the prime rate declines to 5.25 percent and remains there for the duration of the loan. How much (in dollars) will Fairhill Farms have to pay in total interest on this six month loan? How much in interest rebates will Fairhills have to pay due to the fall in the prime rate?Total = Amount * Interest * Number of Months Interest Owed Borrowed Rate Charged 12= $2.4 million x (.0525 + .0050) x 612= $0.069 million or $69,000.Fairhills will have to pay an interest rebate to Exeter National Bank of:[]12MonthsofNumberxBorrowedAmt.xRateInterestCurrent-RebateFloorRebateInterest == (.060 - .0575) x $2.4 million x 612= $0.003 million or $3,000.117。
商业银行管理学课后题答案(第三版全)
商业银行：商业银行是以追求利润最大化为目标，以多种金融负债筹集资金，以多种金融资产为其经营对象，能利用负债进行信用创造，并向客户提供多功能、综合性服务的金融企业。
信用中介：是指商业银行通过负债业务，把社会上各种闲散货币资金集中到银行，通过资产业务，把它投向需要资金的各部门，充当有闲置资金者和资金短缺者之间的中介人，实现资金的融通。
作用：使闲散的货币转化为资本、使闲置资本得到充分利用、续短为长，满足这会对长期资本的需要。
支付中介：是指商业银行利用活期存款账户，为客户办理各种货币结算、货币收付、货币兑换和转移存款等业务活动。
CAMELS：美国联邦储备委员会对商业银行监管的分类检查制度，这类分类检查制度的主要内容是把商业银行接受检查的范围分为六大类：资本（capital）、资产（asset）、管理（management）、收益（earning）、流动性（liquidity）和对市场风险的敏感性（sensitivity）。
分行制：分行制银行是指那些在总行之下，可在本地或外地设有若干分支机构，并可以从事银行业务的商业银行。
这种商业银行的总部一般都设在大都市，下属所有分支行须由总行领导指挥。
优点：第一，有利于银行吸收存款，有利于银行扩大资本总额和经营规模，能取得规模经济效益。
第二，便于银行使用现代化管理手段和设备，提高服务质量，加快资金周转速度。
第三有利于银行调节资金、转移信用、分散和减轻多种风险。
第四，总行家数少，有利于国家控制和管理，其业务经营受地方政府干预小。
第五，由于资金来源广泛，有利于提高银行的竞争实力。
缺点：容易加速垄断的形成；并且由于其规模大，内部层次较多，使银行管理的难度增加等。
流动性：指资产变现的能力，商业银行保持随时能以适当的价格去的可用资金的能力，以便随时应付客户提存以及银行其他支付的需要。
其衡量指标有两个：一是资产变现的成本，二是资产变现的速度。
4.建立商业银行制度的基本原则有哪些？为什么要确立这些原则？答：（一）有利于银行业竞争。
商业银行管理学第三版,中国金融出版社主编彭建刚
每单位存款的管理费用+每单位存款的预计利润
上述公式把存款定价和银行成本结合起来，有利于各地
的银行家把价格和成本更密切地配合起来，调整以前许 多免费服务的做法。向客户收取与存款服务相关的费用 在银行业中基本得到了认可。
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边际成本定价法
计算公式
这种方法的优点是可以抓住存款大户，控制小额存
款，有利于控制成本，获取较高盈利，但其缺点是 对银行的社会形象有一定的负面影响。
24
价格表定价法
概述
这种方法是指商业银行将各种存款的收费标准
及计息规定列成表格，张榜公布。
价格表按收费条件可分为三类：第一类免费定
价；第二类固定费率；第三类有条件免费定价 （参看教材表3-3、表3-4）。
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案例分析（续）
积极经营的具体策略措施很多。就居民储蓄存款而言，
首先，必须要重视利率高低的杠杆作用和优质高效的服 务开发，并针对客户的储蓄动机设计出多样化的储蓄存 款工具；其次，必须做好广告宣传、加强外勤工作和合 理设置网点；最后，必须注重储蓄业务操作的现代化建 设，提高储蓄工作人员的积极性、改善服务态度等。
活期存款成本总额 活期存款加权平均成本 率 活期存款平均余额
6 000 4.1% 8 000 4.4% 4.27% 6 000 8 000
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历史数据加权平均成本方法(续)
有息负债利息总额 有息负债加权平均利率 有息负债平均余额
2 369 2.82% 90 000 6 000
本节主要知识点：
商业银行存款管理的目标 商业银行存款的成本管理 商业银行存款的定价
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商业银行管理学练习及答案
商业银行管理学练习第六章1、解：补全损益表的空缺项目：计算过程：总利息收入=贷款利息与服务费收入+证券利息与股利=65+12=77利息总支出=存款利息支出+非存款借款的利息支出=49+6=55利息净收入=总利息收入-利息总支出=77-55=22非利息总支出=工资和雇员福利+营业费用+其他非利息开支=12+5+3=20税前经营收入=利息净收入-贷款损失准备金+（非利息收入和服务费收入-非利息净支出）=22-2+（7-20）=7税前净经营收入=税前经营收入+证券收益=7+1=8净运营收入=税前净经营收入-税赋=8-1=7净收入=净运营收入+特别项目净收入=7-1=6ROE=NI/TE=6/80=7.5%ROA=NI/TA=6/980=0.61%利息净收益=NII/TA=22/980=2.24%资产利用率=总收益/总资产=（77+7）/980=8.57%权益乘数=总资产/权益资本-980/80=12.25税收管理效率=净利润/税前净经营利润=6/8=75%（中文书p142页公式与PPT略有不同）非利息净收益=-13/980=-1.33%经营净收益=净经营收益/总资产=7/980=0.71%收益率=（利息收入/生息资产）-（利息支出/付息债务）=（77/830）-（55/650)）=0.82%净利润率=净利润/总收益=6/(77+7)=7.14%支出控制效率=税前净经营收入/总收益=8/84=9.52%资产管理效率=总收益/总资产=84/980=8.57%基金管理效率=总资产/权益资本=12.25运营效率比率=总营业费用/总营业收入=78/85=91.76%分析：该家银行运营效率较高，且在税收管理上有一定的成效，但是的ROA不高，在非利息净收益这块为负，所以银行需要考虑在利息收入外拓展业务经营面，且从资产负债表中看出定期存款占据的比重较大，银行应该要考虑一定的流动性安全的问题。
2、解：根据表格，可知：ROE=(2100-1400+21-16+700-900-100)/(30000-27000)=405/3000=13.5%ROA=(2100-1400+21-16+700-900-100)/30000=1.35%净利息收益率=(2100-1400)/30000=2.33%每股收益=405/5000=0.081非利息净收益率=(700-900)/30000= -0.67%净运营收益率=(2100+700-1400-900-100)/30000=1.33%（1）若都上升5%ROA=（2205-1470+21-16+735-945-100）/(30000-27000)=430/3000=14.33ROE=（2205-1470+21-16+735-945-100）/30000=430/30000=1.43%每股收益=430/5000=0.086三个指标都有所上升（2）若都下降5%ROA=(1995-1330+21-16+665-855-100)/(30000-27000)=380/3000=12.67%ROE=(1995-1330+21-16+665-855-100)/30000=1.27%每股收益=380/5000=0.076三个指标都有所下降第七章1、答：由题意可知：该银行的缺口GAP=RSA-RSL=8.7-6.25=2.45（亿美元）所以该银行的类型是资产敏感型。
《商业银行经营管理》习题与答案
《商业银行经营管理》习题与答案（解答仅供参考）一、名词解释1. 商业银行：商业银行是指依照《商业银行法》设立的，以吸收公众存款、发放贷款、办理结算为主要业务，以追求利润最大化为目标，并接受国家金融监管的金融机构。
2. 资产负债管理：资产负债管理是商业银行在经营活动中，通过对资产、负债和表外业务的规模、结构、风险等方面的统筹规划和动态调整，以实现安全性、流动性和盈利性的最佳组合的管理活动。
3. 流动性风险：流动性风险是指商业银行无法及时获得充足资金或无法以合理成本及时变现资产，以应对到期债务支付或新的合理信贷要求的风险。
4. 贷款五级分类制度：贷款五级分类制度是我国商业银行按照贷款风险程度将贷款划分为正常、关注、次级、可疑、损失五类的一种风险管理方法。
5. 风险资本：风险资本是商业银行为了抵补其非预期损失而需要持有的最低资本量，它是基于银行资产的风险程度计算得出，用于满足监管机构对银行稳健运营的要求。
二、填空题1. 商业银行的核心业务包括______、______和______。
答案：吸收公众存款、发放贷款、办理结算。
2. 商业银行进行信用风险管理时，通常会采用______、______和限额管理等手段。
答案：风险分散、风险转移（或风险对冲）、信用评级。
3. 商业银行的资本充足率等于______除以______。
答案：核心一级资本+其他一级资本+二级资本；风险加权资产。
4. 根据巴塞尔协议III，商业银行需设置______和______，以增强抵御经济周期波动的能力。
答案：留存超额资本、逆周期资本缓冲。
5. 商业银行在开展个人住房贷款业务时，主要考虑的风险因素包括______风险、______风险和操作风险。
答案：信用风险、市场风险。
三、单项选择题1. 下列哪一项不属于商业银行的“三性原则”？A. 安全性B. 流动性C. 盈利性D. 公益性答案：D2. 在商业银行的资产中，通常被认为风险相对较低的是：A. 企业贷款B. 个人消费贷款C. 存放中央银行款项D. 股票投资答案：C3. 下列哪种情况可能导致商业银行的流动性风险增加？A. 大量短期存款客户突然集中提取存款B. 商业银行增加长期优质贷款投放C. 商业银行提高资本充足率D. 商业银行扩大同业拆借规模答案：A4. 下列关于商业银行资本的说法错误的是：A. 商业银行的资本可以分为核心一级资本、其他一级资本和二级资本B. 商业银行资本的主要功能是吸收可能发生的损失C. 商业银行的资本充足率不得低于8%D. 商业银行资本越多越好，无需考虑资本成本问题答案：D5. 关于商业银行的表外业务，下列说法正确的是：A. 表外业务不计入资产负债表，因此不存在任何风险B. 票据发行便利属于典型的表外业务C. 表外业务不会影响银行的当期损益D. 承诺类业务由于不涉及实际资金的运用，故无信用风险答案：B四、多项选择题1. 下列哪些属于商业银行的负债业务？A. 吸收公众存款B. 发行金融债券C. 贷款D. 代理买卖外汇E. 同业拆借答案：ABE2. 商业银行在进行信用风险控制时，可以采取的策略包括：A. 风险转移B. 风险分散C. 风险对冲D. 风险补偿E. 风险规避答案：ABCDE3. 关于商业银行的资本管理，以下说法正确的是：A. 资本充足率是衡量银行资本充足状况的关键指标B. 根据巴塞尔协议III，商业银行需设立储备资本和反周期资本缓冲C. 资本不仅用于吸收非预期损失，还可以提高银行信誉度和市场竞争力D. 经济资本是指银行为了应对极端不利情况下的潜在损失而需要持有的资本E. 商业银行应通过优化资本结构和提高资本使用效率来实现其资本管理目标答案：ABCDE4. 下列哪些业务属于商业银行的中间业务？A. 代客理财B. 信用卡业务C. 承兑汇票D. 结算业务E. 咨询服务答案：ABCDE5. 在商业银行经营管理中，流动性风险管理的重要措施有：A. 建立科学合理的流动性风险管理体系B. 保持充足的备付金水平C. 建立健全流动性风险监测与预警系统D. 制定有效的流动性应急计划E. 实施严格的贷款审批程序答案：ABCD五、判断题1. 商业银行主要通过存贷款利差获取利润，因此，扩大贷款规模是提升盈利能力的主要途径。
商业银行习题及答案
商业银行习题及答案一、选择题1. 商业银行的主要经营范围是：A. 存款业务B. 贷款业务C. 资金清算D. 承销业务答案：A、B、C、D2. 商业银行的主要职能是：A. 吸收储蓄B. 发放贷款C. 支付结算D. 提供金融咨询答案：A、B、C、D3. 商业银行的资本金主要来源于：A. 股东出资B. 利润积累C. 吸收存款D. 贷款收回答案：A、B、C、D4. 商业银行在金融市场上的角色主要包括：A. 资金供给者B. 资金需求者C. 资金交易者D. 资金监管者答案：A、B、C、D5. 商业银行的监管机构是：A. 中国人民银行B. 银监会C. 证监会D. 财政部答案：B二、填空题1. 商业银行的存款业务包括__________两部分。
答案：活期存款和定期存款2. 商业银行的信用创造是指基于______________的贷款。
答案：存款准备金3. 商业银行的票据业务指商业银行发行和贴现____________的业务。
答案：银行承兑的汇票4. 商业银行的外汇业务主要包括____________和国际结算。
答案：外汇买卖5. 商业银行的贷款业务分为___________和非担保贷款。
答案：担保贷款三、简答题1. 商业银行的风险管理主要包括哪些方面？答案：商业银行的风险管理主要包括信用风险、市场风险、操作风险和流动性风险等方面。
信用风险是指贷款违约、担保风险等；市场风险是指利率风险、汇率风险等；操作风险是指人为错误或意外事件带来的风险；流动性风险是指资金短缺或无法及时变现的风险。
2. 商业银行的中间业务是什么？答案：商业银行的中间业务是指除存款业务和贷款业务之外的其他业务，包括资金清算、承销业务、证券投资、信用卡业务等。
3. 商业银行的资金来源主要有哪些？答案：商业银行的资金来源主要包括吸收存款、发行债券、向央行借款、从其他金融机构融资等途径。
4. 商业银行的承销业务是指什么？答案：商业银行的承销业务是指代理企业、政府或其他机构发行证券，包括企业债、股票等，并负责在二级市场上进行交易和流通。
商业银行管理-ROSE-7e-课后答案chapter-08
CHAPTER 8USING FINANCIAL FUTURES, OPTIONS, SW APS, AND OTHER HEDGING TOOLS INASSET-LIABILITY MANAGEMENTGoal of This Chapter: The purpose of this chapter is to examine how financial futures, option, and swap contracts, as well as selected other asset-liability management techniques can be employed to help reduce a bank’s potential exposure to loss as market conditions change. We will also discover how swap contracts and other hedging tools can generate additional revenues for banks by providing risk-hedging services to their customers.Key Topics in this Chapter•The Use of Derivatives•Financial Futures Contracts: Purpose and Mechanics•Short and Long Hedges•Interest-Rate Options:Types of Contracts and Mechanics•Interest-Rate Swaps•Regulations and Accounting Rules•Caps, Floor, and CollarsChapter OutlineI. Introduction: Several of the Most Widely Used Tools to Manage Risk ExposureII. Use of Derivative ContractsIII. Financial Futures Contracts: Promises of Future Security Trades at a Set PriceA. Background on FuturesB. Purposes of Financial Futures TradingC. Most Popular Types of Futures ContractsD. The Short Hedge in FuturesE. The Long Hedge in Futures1. Using Long and Short Hedges to Protect Income and Value2. Basis Risk3. Basis Risk with a Short Hedge4 Basis Risk with a Long Hedge5. Number of Futures Contracts NeededIV. Interest Rate OptionsA. Nature of Interest-Rate OptionsB. How They Differ from Futures ContractsC. Most Popular Types of OptionsD. Purpose of Interest-Rate OptionsV. Regulations and Accounting Rules for Bank Futures and Options TradingVI. Interest Rate SwapsA. Nature of swapsB. Quality swapsC. Advantages of Swaps Over Other Hedging MethodsD. Reverse swapsE. Potential Disadvantages of SwapsVII. Caps, Floors, and CollarsA. Interest Rate CapsB. Interest Rate FloorsC. Interest Rate CollarsVIII. S ummary of the ChapterConcept Checks8-1. What are financial futures contracts? Which financial institutions use futures and other derivatives for risk management?Financial futures contacts are contracts calling for the delivery of specific types of securities at a set price on a specific future date. Financial futures contract help to hedge interest rate risk and are thus, used by any bank or financial institution that is subject to interest rate risk.8-2. How can financial futures help financial service firms deal with interest-rate risk?Financial futures allow banks and other financial institutions to deal with interest-rate risk by reducing risk exposure from unexpected price changes. The financial futures markets are designed to shift the risk of interest rate fluctuations from risk-averse investors to speculators willing to accept and possibly profit from such risks.8-3. What is a long hedge in financial futures? A short hedge?A long hedger offsets risk by buying financial futures contracts around the time new deposits are expected, when a loan is to be made, or when securities are added to the bank's portfolio. Later, as deposits and loans approach maturity or securities are sold, a like amount of futures contracts is sold. A short hedger offsets risk by selling futures contracts when the bank is expecting a large cash inflow in the near future. Later, as deposits come flowing in, a like amount of futures contracts is purchased.8-4. What futures transactions would most likely be used in a period of rising interest rates? Falling interest rates?Rising interest rates generally call for a short hedge, while falling interest rates usually call for some form of long hedge.8-5. How do you interpret the quotes for financial futures in The Wall Street Journal?The first column gives you the opening price, the second and third the daily high and low price, respectively. The fourth column shows the settlement price followed by the change in the settlement price from the previous day. The next two columns show the historic high and low price and the last column points out the open interest in the contract.8-6. A futures is currently selling at an interest yield of 4 percent, while yields currently stand at 4.60 percent. What is the basis for these contracts?The basis for these contracts is currently 4.60% – 4% or 60 basis points.8-7. Suppose a bank wishes to sell $150 million in new deposits next month. Interest rates today on comparable deposits stand at 8 percent, but are expected to rise to 8.25 percent next month. Concerned about the possible rise in borrowing costs, management wishes to use a futures contract. What type of contract would you recommend? If the bank does not cover the interest rate risk involved, how much in lost potential profits could the bank experience?At an interest rate of 8 percent:$150 million x 0.08 x30360= $1 millionAt an interest rate of 8.25 percent:$150 million x 0.0825 x30360= $1.031 millionThe potential loss in profit without using futures is $0.0313 million or $31.3 thousand. In this case the bank should use a short hedge.8-8. What kind of futures hedge would be appropriate in each of the following situations?a. A financial firm fears that rising deposit interest rates will result in losses on fixed-rate loans?b. A financial firm holds a large block of floating-rate loans and market interest rates are falling?c. A pro jected rise in market rates of interest threatens the value of the financial firm’s bondportfolio?a. The rising deposit interest rates could be offset with a short hedge in futures contracts (for example, using Eurodollar deposit futures).b. Falling interest yields on floating-rate loans could be at least partially offset by a long hedge in Treasury bonds.c. The bank's bond portfolio could be protected through appropriate short hedges using Treasury bond and note futures contracts.8-9. Explain what is involved in a put option?A put option allows its holder to sell securities to the option writer at a specified price. The buyer of a put option expects market prices to decline in the future or market interest rates to increase. The writer of the contract expects market prices to stay the same or rise in the future.8-10. What is a call option?A call option permits the option holder to purchase specific securities at a guaranteed price from the writer of the option contract. The buyer of the call option expects market prices to rise in the future or expects interest rates to fall in the future. The writer of the contract expects market prices to stay the same or fall in the future.8-11. What is an option on a futures contract?An option on a futures contract does not differ from any other kind of option except that the underlying asset is not a security, but a futures contract.8-12. What information do T-bond and Eurodollar futures option quotes contain?The quotes contain information about the strike prices and the call and put prices at each different strike price for given months.8-13. Suppose market interest rates were expected to rise? What type of option would normally be used?If interest rates were expected to rise, a put option would normally be used. A put option allows the option holder to deliver securities to the option writer at a price which is now above market and make a profit.8-14. If market interest rates were expected to fall, what type of option would a financ ial institution’s manager be likely to employ?If interest rates were expected to fall, a call option would likely be employed. When interest rates fall, the market value of a security increases. The security can then be purchased at the option price and sold at a profit at the higher market price.8-15. What rules and regulations have recently been imposed on the use of futures, options, and other derivatives? What does the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) require publicly traded firms to do in accounting for derivative transactions?Each bank has to implement a proper risk management system comprised of (1) policies and procedures to control financial risk taking, (2) risk measurement and reporting systems and (3) independent oversight and control processes. In addition, FASB introduced statement 133 which requires that all derivatives are recorded on the balance sheet as assets or liabilities at their fair value. Furthermore, the change in the fair value of a derivative and a fair value hedge must be reflected on the income statement.8-16. What is the purpose of an interest rate swap?The purpose of an interest rate swap is to change an institution's exposure to interest rate fluctuations and achieve lower borrowing costs.8-17. What are the principal advantages and disadvantages of rate swaps?The principal advantage of an interest-rate swap is the reduction of interest-rate risk of both parties to the swap by allowing each party to better balance asset and liability maturities and cash-flow patterns. Another advantage of swaps is that they usually reduce interest costs for one or both parties to the swap. The principal disadvantage of swaps is they may carry substantial brokerage fees, credit risk and some basis risk.8-18. How can a financial institution get itself out of a swap agreement?The usual way to offset an existing swap is to undertake another swap agreement with opposite characteristics.8-19. How can financial-service providers make use of interest rate caps, floors, and collars to generate revenue and help manage interest rate risk?Banks and other financial institutions can generate revenue by charging up-front fees for interest rate caps on loans and interest rate floors on securities. In addition, a positive net premium on interest rate collars will add to a bank's fee income. Caps, floors, and collars help manage interest rate risk by setting maximum and minimum interest rates on loans and securities. They allow the lender and borrower to share interest rate risk.8-20. Suppose a bank enters into an agreement to make a $10 million, three-year floating-rate loan to one of its corporate customers at an initial rate of 8 percent. The bank and the customer agree to a cap and a floor arrangement in which the customer reimburses the bank if the floating loan rate drops below 6 percent and the bank reimburses the customers if the loan rate rises above 10 percent. Suppose that, at the beginning of the loan's second year, the floating loan rate drops to 4 percent for a year and then, at the beginning of the third year, the loan rate increases to 11 percent for the year. What rebates must be paid by each party to the agreement?The rebate owed by the bank for the third year must be:(11%-10%) x $10 million = $100,000.The rebate that must be forwarded to the bank for the second year must be:(6%-4%) x $10 million = $200,000.Problems8-1. You hedged your bank’s exposure to declining interest rates by buying one March Treasury bond futures contract at the opening price on November 21, 2005(see exhibit 8-2). It is now January 9, and you discover that on Friday, January 6 March T-bond futures opened at 113-17 and settled at 113-16.a. What are the profits/losses on your long position as of settlement on January 6?Buy at 112-06 or 112 6/32 per contract = 112,187.50Value at settlement on January 6, 113-16 or 113 16/32 = 113,500.Gain = 113,500 – 112,187.50 = $1312.50b. If you deposited the required initial margin on 11/21 and have not touched the equityaccount since making that cash deposit, what is your equity account balance?The equity account balance will increase by the gain in the position,thus $1,150 + $1312.50 = $2,462.508-2 Use the quotes of Eurodollar futures contracts traded on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange on December 20, 2005 to answer the following questions:a. What is the annualized discount yield based on the low IMM index for the nearest Junecontract?The annualized discount yield is 100 – 95.13 = 4.87 percentb. If your bank took a short position at the high price for the day for 15 contracts, whatwould be the dollar gain or loss at settlement on December 20, 2005?Sell at high price: (1,000,000x[1-((4.87/100)x90/360)]x15 = 14,817,375Value at settlement: (1,000,000x[1-((4.86/100)x90/360)]x15 = 14,817,750Loss: 14,817,375 – 14,817,750 = -$375c. If you deposited the initial required hedging margin in your equity account upon takingthe position described in b, what would be the marked to market value of your equityaccount at settlement?Initial margin = $700x15 = $10,500You realize a $375 loss for this transaction.Thus your equity position is: $10,500 - $375 = $10,1258-3. What kind of futures or options hedges would be called for in the following situations?a. Market in terest rates are expected to increase and First National Bank’s asset andliability managers expect to liquidate a portion of their bond portfolio to meetdepositor’s demands for funds in the upcoming quarter.First National can expect a lower price when they sell their bond portfolio unless it uses short futures hedges in which contracts for government securities are first sold and then purchased at a profit as security prices fall provided interest rate really do rise as expected. A similar gain could be made using put options on government securities or on financial futures contracts.b. Silsbee Savings Bank has interest-sensitive assets of $79 million and interest-sensitive liabilities of $88 million over the next 30 days and market interest rates are expected to rise.Silsbee Savings Bank’s interest-sensitive liabilities exceed its interest-sensitive assets by $11 million which means the bank will be open to losses if interest rates rise. The bank could sell financial futures contracts or use a put option on government securities or financial futures contracts approximately equal in dollar volume to the $11 million interest-sensitive gap to hedge their risk.c. A survey of Tuskee Bank’s corporate loan customers this month (January) indicates that, on balance, this group of firms will need to draw $165 million from their credit lines in February and March, which is $65 million more than the bank’s management has forecasted and prepared for. The bank’s economist has predicted a significant increase in money market interest rates over the next 60 days.The forecast of higher interest rates means the bank must borrow at a higher interest cost which, other things held equal, will lower its net interest margin. To offset the expected higher borrowing costs the bank's management should consider a short sale of financial futures contracts or a put option approximately equal in volume to the additional loan demand. Either government securities or EuroCDs would be good instruments to consider using in the futures market or in the option market.d. Monarch National Bank has interest-sensitive assets greater than interest sensitive liabilities by $24 million. If interest rates fall (as suggested by data from the Federal Reserve Board) the bank’s net interest margin may be squeezed due to the decrease in loan and security revenue.Monarch National Bank has interest-sensitive assets greater than interest-sensitive liabilities by $24 million. If interest rates fall, the bank's net interest margin will likely be squeezed due to the faster fall in interest income. Purchases of financial futures contracts followed by a subsequent sale or call options would probably help here.e. Caufield Thrift Association finds that its assets have an average duration of 1.5 years and its liabilities have an average duration of 1.1 years. The ratio of liabilities to assets is .90. Interest rates are expected to increase by 50 basis points during the next six months.Caufield Bank and Trust Company has asset duration of 1.5 years and a liabilities duration of 1.1. A 50-basis point rise in money-market rates would reduce asset values relative to liabilities which mean its net worth would decline. The bank should consider short sales of government futures contracts or put options on these securities or on their related futures contracts.8-4. Your bank needs to borrow $300 million by selling time deposits with 180-day maturities. If interest rates on comparable deposits are currently at 4 percent, what is the cost of issuing these deposits? Suppose deposit interest rates rise to 5 percent. What then will be the marginal cost of these deposits? What position and types of futures contract could be used to deal with this cost increase?At a rate of 4 percent the interest cost is:$300 million x 0.04 x 180360= $6,000,000At a rate of 5 percent the interest cost would be:$300 million x 0.05 x 180360= $7,500,000A short hedge could be used based upon Eurodollar time deposits.8-5. In response to the above scenario, management sells 300, 90-day Eurodollar time deposits futures contracts trading at an IMM Index of 98. Interest rates rise as anticipated and your bank offsets its position by buying 300 contracts at an IMM index of 96.98. What type of hedge is this? What before-tax profit or loss is realized from the futures position?Bank sells Eurodollar futures at (1,000,000*[1-((2/100)*90/360)] $995,000 (per contract)Bank buys Eurodollar futures at (1,000,000*[(1-(3.02/100)*90/360]$992,450 (per contract)Expected Before-tax Profit $ 2,550 (per contract)And Total Profit would be 300*$2550 = $765,000In this case the bank has employed a short hedge which partially offsets the higher borrowing costs outlined above.8-6. It is March and Cavalier Financial Services Corporation is concerned about what an increase in interest rates will do to the value of its bond portfolio. The portfolio currently has a market value of $101.1 million and Cavalier’s management intends to liquidate $1.1 million in bonds in June to fund additional corporate loans. If interest rates increase to 6 percent, the bond will sell for $1 million with a loss of $100,000. Cavalier’s management sells 10 June Treasury bond contracts at 109-05 in March. Interest rates do increase, and in June Cavalier’s ma nagement offsets its position by buying 10 June Treasury bond contracts at 100-03.a.What is the dollar gain/loss to Cavalier from the combined cash and futures market operations described above?Loss on cash transaction: $100,000Gain on futures transaction: 109,156.25 – 100,093.75 = 9062.5 (per contract)Loss: 9062.50(10) – 100,000 = -$9,375b. What is the basis at the initiation of the hedge?110,000 – 109,156.25 = 843.75c. What is the basis at the termination of the hedge?100,000 – 100,093.75 = -93.75d. Illustrate how the dollar return is related to the change in the basis from initiation fromtermination?Dollar return = -93.75 – 843.75 = -937.50 per contract or –937.50(10) = -$93758-7. By what amount will the market value of a Treasury bond futures contract change if interest rates rise from 5 to 6 percent? The underlying Treasury bond has a duration of 10.48 years and the Treasury bond futures contract is currently quoted at 113-06 (Remember that Treasury bonds are quoted in 32nds)Change in value = -10.48 x $113,187.50 x .01/(1+.05) = -$11,297.198-8. Trojan National Bank reports that its assets have a duration of 8 years and its liabilities average 3 years in duration. To hedge this duration gap, management plans to employ Treasury bond futures, which are currently quoted at 112-17 and have a duration of 10.36 years. Trojan’s latest financial report shows total assets of $120 million and liabilities of $97 million. Approximately how many futures contracts will the bank need to cover its overall exposure?Number of Futures Contracts Needed = 25.531,112*36.10000,000,120*]3*120978[= 5748-9 You hedged your bank’s exposure to declining interest rates by buying one March call on Treasury bond futures at the premium quoted on December 13th , 2005 (see exhibit 8-4).a. How much did you pay for the call in dollars if you chose the strike price of 110?(Remember that option premiums are quoted in 64ths.)Price per call = 2.625 x 100,000 = $262,500b. Using the following information for trades on December 21, 2005, if yousold the call on 12/21/05 due to a change in circumstances would you havereaped a profit or loss? Determine the amount of the profit/loss.Sell call at: 3.125 x 100,000 = 312,500Gain = 312,500 – 262,500 = $50008-10 Refer to the information given for problem 9. You hedged your bank’s exposure to increasing interest rates by buying one March put on Treasury bond futures at the premium quoted on December 13th, 2005 (see exhibit 8-4).a. How much did you pay for the put in dollars if you chose the strike price of 110?(Remember that premiums are quoted in 64ths.)Price per put = .765625 x 100,000 = $76,562.25b. Using the above information for trades on December 21, 2005, if you soldthe put on 12/21/05 due to a change in circumstances would you have reapeda profit or loss? Determine the amount of the profit/loss.Sell put at: .421875 x 100,000 = $42,187.50Loss = $42,187.50 – 76,562.25 = -$34,374.758-11. You hedged your thrift institution’s exposure to dec lining interest rates by buying one March call on Eurodollar deposits futures at the premium quoted on December 13th, 2005 (see exhibit 8-4).a. How much did you pay for the call in dollars if you chose the strike price of 9525?(remember that premiums are quoted in IMM index terms)Value of the call: 6.25 x $25 = $156.25b. If March arrives and Eurodollar Deposit Futures have a settlement index at expirationof 96.00, what is your profit or loss? (Remember to include the premium paid for thecall option).Payout from settlement: (9600-9525) 75 basis points x $25 = $1,875Net gain: $1,875 –$156.25 = $1,718.758-12. You hedged your bank’s exposure to increasing interest rates by buying one March put on Eurodollar deposit futures at the premium quoted on December 13th, 2005 (see exhibit 8-4).a. How much did you pay for the put in dollars if you chose the strike price of 9,550?(remember that premiums are quoted in IMM index terms)Value of the put: 29.25 x $25 = $731.25b. If March arrives and Eurodollar Deposit Futures have a settlement index at expirationof 96.00, what is your profit or loss? (Remember to include the premium paid for theput option).Payout from settlement: $0 (option is out of the money)Net loss: $0 - $731.25 = -$731.258-13. A bank is considering the use of options to deal with a serious funding cost problem. Deposit interest rates have been rising for six months, currently averaging 5 percent, and are expected to climb as high as 6.75% over the next 90 days. The bank plans to issue $60 million in new money market deposits in about 90 days. It can buy put or call options on 90 day Eurodollar time deposit futures contracts for a quoted premium of .31 or $775 for each million-dollar contract. The strike price is quoted as 9,500. We expect the futures to trade at an index of 93.50 within 90 days. What kind of option should the bank buy? What before tax profit could the bank earn for each option under the terms described?You are trying to protect the bank against rising interest rates, thus you want to buy a put option.Profit on put: payout from settlement = (9500-9350) 150 basis points x $25 = $3,750 Net profit: $3,750 - $775 = $2,975If the bank bought the call option, the value at settlement would be $0 and the bank would loose the call premium of $775.8-14. Hokie Savings Bank wants to purchase a portfolio of home mortgage loans with an expected average return of 8.5 percent. The bank’s management is concerned that interest rates will drop and the cost of the portfolio will increase from the current price of $50 million. In six months when the funds become available to purchase the loan portfolio, market interest rates are expected to be in the 7.5 percent range. Treasury bond options are available today at a quoted price of $79,000 (per $100,000 contract), upon payment of a $700 premium, and are forecast to rise to a market value of $87,000 per contract. What before-tax profits could the bank earn per contract on this transaction? How many options should Hokie buy?Profit per contract: $87,000 - $79,000 -$700 = $7,300Hokie should buy enough options to offset the increase in the price of the loan portfolio. Thus, figure out the price increase and divide that number by 7,300 to get the number of options needed.8-15. A savings and loan’s credit rating has just slipped, and half of its assets are long term mortgages. It offers to swap interest payments with a money-center bank in a $100 million deal. The bank can borrow short term at LIBOR (8.05 percent) and long term at 8.95 percent. The S&L must pay LIBOR plus 1.5 percent on short term debt and 10.75 percent on long term debt. Show how these parties could put together a swap deal that benefits both of them about equally.This SW AP agreement would have the form:Fixed Rate the Floating Rate PotentialBorrower Pays the Borrower Interest-Rateif They Issue Pays on Short- SavingsLong-Term Bonds Term Loans of Each BorrowerS&L 10.75% LIBOR + 1.50% 1.20%Money- 8.95% LIBOR (8.05%) 0.90%Center BankDifference 1.80% 1.50% 0.30%in Rates Due toDifferences inCredit RatingsIf the money-center bank borrows long-term at 8.95 percent and the S&L at LIBOR + 1.50 percent (which is currently 8.05 + 1.50 or 9.55 percent) and they exchange interest payments, both would save if the S&L agreed to pay a portion of the bank’s basic borrowing rate. For example, the S&L could pay 160 basis points to the bank which would more than cover the difference. After the exchange in payments an d basis points the S&L would pay 8.95% +1.6% or 10.55% which is lower than the S&L’s long term rate and the bank would pay 9.55%-1.6% or 7.95% which is less than the bank’s short term rate and each party would get the type of payment they want.8-16. A bank plans to borrow $55 million in the money market at a current interest rate of 4.5 percent. However, the borrowing rate will float with market conditions. To protect itself the bank has purchased an interest-rate cap of 5 percent to cover this borrowing. If money market interest rates on these funds suddenly climb to 5.5 percent as the borrowing begins, how much in total interest will the bank owe and how much of an interest rebate will it receive assuming the borrowing is only for one month?Total Amount Interest Number of Months Interest Owed = Borrowed * Rate Charged * 12= $55 million x 0..055 x1 12= $0.527 million or $252,083.33.How much of an interest rebate will the bank receive for its one-month borrowing?[]12MonthsofNumberxBorrowedAmt.xRateCap-RateInterestMarketRebateInterest == (.055 - .05) x $55 million x1 12= $22,916.67.8-17. Suppose that Jasper Savings Association has recently granted a loan of $2.4 million to Fairhills Farms at prime plus .5 percent for six months. In return for granting Fairhills an interest cap of 8% on its loan, this thrift has received from this customer a floor rate on the loan of 6 percent. Suppose that, as the loan is about to start the prime rate declines to 5.25 percent and remains there for the duration of the loan. How much (in dollars) will Fairhill Farms have to pay in total interest on this six month loan? How much in interest rebates will Fairhills have to pay due to the fall in the prime rate?Total = Amount * Interest * Number of Months Interest Owed Borrowed Rate Charged 12= $2.4 million x (.0525 + .0050) x6 12= $0.069 million or $69,000.Fairhills will have to pay an interest rebate to Exeter National Bank of:[]12MonthsofNumberxBorrowedAmt.xRateInterestCurrent-RebateFloorRebateInterest == (.060 - .0575) x $2.4 million x6 12= $0.003 million or $3,000.。
银行管理学(含答案)
对外经济贸易大学远程教育学院2008--2009学年第一学期《银行管理学》期末考试大纲本复习大纲适用于本学期的期末考试，所列题目为期末试卷试题的出题范围。
本次期末考试题型分为三种：单项选择题；多项选择题；判断正误题。
本次期末考试三种题型所占分数比例为：单项选择题占40%；多项选择题占30%；判断正误题占30%。
期末复习思考题（请和本学期公布的大纲核对，红色答案来自答疑系统，供参考）（一）单项选择题1、以下哪项性质使商业银行区别于一般工商企业：（B）A、公司性B、金融性C、商业性D、投资性2、传统上一般将商业银行的功能概括为信用中介、支付中介、信用创造和金融服务四项。
在这四项功能中，商业银行最基本的功能是（A）A、信用中介B、支付中介C、信用创造D、金融服务3、信用创造功能又称货币创造功能，是在商业银行在信用中介功能和支付中介功能基础上产生的。
以下哪一项不属于商业银行信用创造制约条件：（C）A、现金准备率B、中央银行存款准备金率C、中央银行贴现率D、贷款付现率4、商业银行经营目标是（C ）A、存款最大化B、贷款最大化C、股东价值最大化D、风险最小化5、下列关于商业银行盈利性、流动性、安全性的关系的说法不正确的是（B）A、商业银行只有保持必要的流动性和安全性，才能从根本上保证盈利原则的顺利实现。
B、盈利性与流动性、盈利性与安全性之间是对立的，但流动性和安全性之间总是一致的。
C、盈利性是安全性和流动性的最终目标和重要保证。
D、在商业银行经营管理的过程中，盈利性、流动性、安全性之间既有矛盾的一面，也有一致的一面。
6、商业银行财务报表，是商业银行依据会计准则编制的反映商业银行某一特定日期的财务状况和某一会计期间的经营成果、现金流量等会计信息的文件。
以下关于商业银行财务报表说法正确的是（ C ）A、资产负债表反映的是银行在一定会计期间的财务状况。
B、利润表反映的是银行在某一特定日期的经营成果。
C、现金流量表反映的是一定期间内银行现金（及其等价物）的流入和流出情况。
《商业银行管理学》课后习题答案及解析
1、试论述现阶段我国商业银行提高资本金得策略、
1。 ［题解］商业银行提高资本金有两种策略,即内源资本策略与外源资本策略。内源资本策略就是指增加内源资本,即增加以留存收益方式形成得资本;外源资本策略就是指通过发行普通股、发行优先股、发行长期次级债券等形式来增加资本。
第三章 商业银行负债业务管理
Ａ、 20% Ｂ、 5０％
C. 7０％ D. 1０0％
2. 商业银行用于弥补尚未识别得可能性损失得准备金就是。
A、 一般准备金 B。 专项准备金
C。 特殊准备金 D。 风险准备金
３、 《巴塞尔协议》规定商业银行得核心资本与风险加权资产得比例关系、
Ａ。≧8% Ｂ. ≦８％
C、≧４％Ｄ. ≦4%
三、简答题
7。 我国目前资本市场利率仍然就是市场利率与计划利率并存。
8、 负债就是商业银行资金得全部来源。
二、单项题
１、 商业银行存款管理得目标不包括 。
A、 保持存款得稳定性 B. 降低存款得成本率
C、 降低存款得流动性 Ｄ. 提高存款得增长率
2。 存款按存款资金性质及计息范围划分为财政性存款与 、
Ａ. 个人存款 B. 定期存款
《商业银行管理学》课后习题及题解
第一章 商业银行管理学导论
习题
一、判断题
1、《金融服务现代化法案》得核心内容之一就就是废除《格拉斯—斯蒂格尔法》。
2。 政府放松金融管制与加强金融监管就是相互矛盾得、
3. 商业银行管理得最终目标就是追求利润最大化。
4、 在金融市场上,商业银行等金融中介起着类似于中介经纪人得角色、
C、 一般性存款 D. 单位存款
3. 使商业银行负债成本最低得存款为 。
A。 同业存款 B、 有奖存款
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商业银行：商业银行是以追求利润最大化为目标，以多种金融负债筹集资金，以多种金融资产为其经营对象，能利用负债进行信用创造，并向客户提供多功能、综合性服务的金融企业。
信用中介：是指商业银行通过负债业务，把社会上各种闲散货币资金集中到银行，通过资产业务，把它投向需要资金的各部门，充当有闲置资金者和资金短缺者之间的中介人，实现资金的融通。
作用：使闲散的货币转化为资本、使闲置资本得到充分利用、续短为长，满足这会对长期资本的需要。
支付中介：是指商业银行利用活期存款账户，为客户办理各种货币结算、货币收付、货币兑换和转移存款等业务活动。
CAMELS：美国联邦储备委员会对商业银行监管的分类检查制度，这类分类检查制度的主要内容是把商业银行接受检查的范围分为六大类：资本（capital）、资产（asset）、管理（management）、收益（earning）、流动性（liquidity）和对市场风险的敏感性（sensitivity）。
分行制：分行制银行是指那些在总行之下，可在本地或外地设有若干分支机构，并可以从事银行业务的商业银行。
这种商业银行的总部一般都设在大都市，下属所有分支行须由总行领导指挥。
优点：第一，有利于银行吸收存款，有利于银行扩大资本总额和经营规模，能取得规模经济效益。
第二，便于银行使用现代化管理手段和设备，提高服务质量，加快资金周转速度。
第三有利于银行调节资金、转移信用、分散和减轻多种风险。
第四，总行家数少，有利于国家控制和管理，其业务经营受地方政府干预小。
第五，由于资金来源广泛，有利于提高银行的竞争实力。
缺点：容易加速垄断的形成；并且由于其规模大，内部层次较多，使银行管理的难度增加等。
流动性：指资产变现的能力，商业银行保持随时能以适当的价格去的可用资金的能力，以便随时应付客户提存以及银行其他支付的需要。
其衡量指标有两个：一是资产变现的成本，二是资产变现的速度。
4.建立商业银行制度的基本原则有哪些？为什么要确立这些原则？答：（一）有利于银行业竞争。
根据经济学原理，经营同质产品的企业最需要竞争。
开展竞争有利于整个社会经济的发展。
所以国家应当提倡和保护银行业的竞争，允许新银行进入该领域，让各家银行按优胜劣汰规律进行竞争。
（二）有利于保护银行体系的安全。
因为银行之间的合理有序竞争可以提高银行经营效率，有利于增强银行抵御风险的能力；而过度竞争则可能导致银行破产、倒闭。
而一家银行倒闭会引起各方面连锁的反应，甚至可能触发金融危机，最终影响整个国家的经济发展。
所以，把保护银行体系安全作为建立本国银行制度所必须考虑的一个重要原则。
（三）使银行保持适当的规模。
“规模经济”的理论认为：在市场经济中，任何一个企业都具有一个“最合理规模”，在这种规模下，企业的成本最低，利润最优；而大于或小于这一规模，都会引起成本上升或利润下降。
商业银行作为一种特殊企业，也要受规模经济制约。
外源资本：主要由投资者超缴资本和资本增值构成。
是银行资本的重要组成部分。
内源资本：商业银行的资本主要来源于股息分配后的留存收益所形成的内源资本,留存收益受银行净利息收入、贷款损失准备(贷款质量)、耗费、税收、股息分配政策等因素的影响核心资本：资本由核心资本和附属资本两类。
核心资本包括普通锅、不可收回的优先股、资本盈余、留存收益、可转换的资本债券、各种补偿准备金。
核心资本在资本总额中所占的比重直接影响银行的经营风险。
(P42)附属资本：也称二级资本，.是衡量银行资本充足状况的指标，由非公开储备、资产重估储备、普通准备金、(债权/股权)混合资本工具和次级长期债券构成。
银行资本充足性：指银行资本数量必须超过金融管理当局所规定的能够保障正常营业并足以维持充分信誉的最低限度；同时，银行现有资本或新增资本的构成，应该符合银行总体经营目标或所需新增资本的具体目的。
（资本数量充足性，资本结构合理性）(P41)风险加权资产：银行在风险权数给定的基础上，利用加权平均法，将各项资产的货币数额乘以其风险等级权数得到该项资产的风险加权值，然后得到的累加值即为银行表内风险加权资产。
它是确定银行资本限额的重要依据之一。
3、为何《巴塞尔协议》有关银行资本规定对国际银行间的公平竞争具有特别重要的意义？《巴塞尔协议》对银行资本衡量采用了全新的方法。
其中，表内风险资产和表外风险资产测算是关键。
对资本充足性规定了国际统一的标准，具有很强的约束力。
为了保持资本质量，避免银行集团内部的双重杠杆作用，新协议的适用范围将在全面并表基础上扩大到以银行业务为主的银行集团的持股公司。
新协议还考虑了银行业的进步和业内对1988年协议的批评意见，明确提出五大目标，即把评估资本充足率的工作与银行面对的主要风险更紧密的联系在一起，促进安全稳健性；在充分强调银行自己的内部风险评估体系的基础上，促进公平竞争；激励银行提高风险计量与管理水平；资本反映银行头寸和业务的风险度；重点放在国际活跃银行，基本原则适用于所有银行。
可用资金成本：也称为银行的资金转移价格，指银行可用资金所应负担的全部成本。
它是确定银行营利性资产价格的基础，因而也是银行经营中资金成本分析的重点。
再贴现：指经营票据贴现业务的商业银行将其买入的未到期的贴现汇票向中央银行再提申请贴现，也称间接借款。
再贴现成为商业银行向中央银行借款的主要渠道。
2、简述商业银行短期借款的渠道和管理重点。
短期借款的主要渠道有：（一）同业借款。
也称同业拆借，指的是金融机构之间的短期资金融通。
主要用于支付日常性资金的资金周转，它是商业银行为解决短期资金余额、调剂法定准备金头寸而融通资金的重要渠道。
（二）向中央银行借款。
商业银行向中央银行借款的主要形式有两种：一是再贷款，二是再贴现。
再贷款是中央银行向商业银行的信用放贷，也成直接借款。
再贴现指经营票据贴现业务的商业银行将其买入的未到期的贴现汇票向中央银行再次申请贴现，也称间接借款。
由于中央银行向商业银行的放款将构成具有成倍派生能力的基础货币，因此各国中央银行都把对商业银行的放款作为宏观金融调控的重要手段。
（三）转贴现。
转贴现是指中央银行以外的投资人从二级市场上购进票据的行为。
商业银行通过转贴现在二级市场卖出未到期的贴现票据以融通到所需要的资金，而二级市场的投资人在票据到期前还可进一步转手买卖，继续转贴现。
（四）回购协议。
回购协议是指商业银行在出售证券等金融资产时签订协议，约定在一定期限后按约定价格购回所卖证券，以获得即时可用资金的交易方式。
（五）欧洲货币市场借款。
欧洲货币市场是一个完全自由开放的富有竞争力的市场。
（六）大面额存单。
大面额存单是银行负债证券化的产物，也是西方商业银行通过发行短期债券筹集资金的主要形式。
大面额存单的特点是可以转让，并且有较高的利率，兼有活期存款流动性和定期存款盈利性的优点。
管理重点：（一）主动把握借款期限和余额，有计划地把借款到期时间和金额分散化，以减少流动性需要过于集中地压力。
（二）尽量把借款到期时间和金额与存款的增长规律相协调，把借款控制在自身承受能力允许的范围内，争取利用存款的增长来解决一部分借款的流动性需要。
（三）通过多头拆借的办法将借款对象和金额分散化，力求形成一部分可以长期占用的借款余额。
（四）正确统计借款到期的实际和金额，以便做到事先筹集资金，满足短期借款的流动性需要。
3、简述金融债券的种类及其经营要点？答：一般性金融债券，资本性金融债券和国际金融债券。
经营要点：（1）做好债券发行和资金使用的衔接工作（2）注重利率变化和资金选择（3）掌握好发行时机（4）研究投资者心理4、对商业银行来说存款越多越好。
辨析此观点值得商榷，尤其是在中国目前面临流动性过剩的情况下。
一家银行的存款量，应限制在其贷款的可发放程度及吸收存款的成本和管理负担之承受能力的范围内。
而如果超过这一程度和范围， 就属于不适度的存款增长，反而会给银行经营带来困难。
因此，银行对存款规模的控制，要以存款资金在多大程度上被实际运用于贷款和投资为评判标准。
第四章现金资产：是银行持有的库存现金以及与现金等同的可随时用于支付的银行资产。
库存现金：商业银行保存在金库中的现钞和硬币。
超额存款准备金：101页狭义和广义。
资金头寸 ：商业银行的资金头寸是指商业银行能够运用的资金。
它包括时点头寸和时期头寸两种。
基础头寸：所谓基础头寸是指商业银行的库存现金与在中央银行的超额准备金之和。
可用头寸：是指商业银行可以动用的全部可用资金，它包括基础头寸和银行存放同业的存款。
可贷头寸：指商业银行可以用来发放贷款和进行新的投资的资金，它是形成银行盈利资产的基础4、影响商业银行现金需要量的因素有哪些？如何测算商业银行库存现金的需要量和最适送钞量？影响因素：（一）现金收支规律。
银行的现金收支在数量上和时间上都有一定的规律。
（二）营业网点的多少。
银行营业网点的数量与库存现金的需要量成正比。
（三）后勤保障的条件。
（四）与中央银行发行库的距离、交通条件以及发行库的规定。
（五）商业银行内部管理。
库存现金需要量的匡算：（略）最适送钞量的测算：为了保持适度的库存现金规模，商业银行的营业网点需要经常性的调节现金头寸，及时送运现金。
其公式为：T=C ·Q/2+P ·A/Q T 表示总成本，A 表示一定时期内的现金收入或支出，Q 表示每次运钞的数量，P 表示每次运钞费用，C 表示现金占有费率，A/Q 表示运钞次数，Q/2表示平均库存现金量，P ·A/Q 表示全年运钞总费用，C ·Q/2表示库存现金全年平均占用费。
化简结果：Q=C P A /·2第五章贷款政策是指商业银行指导和规范贷款业务、管理和控制贷款风险的各项方针、措施和程序的总和。
商业银行的贷款政策由于其经营品种、方式、规模、所处的市场环境的不同而各有差别，但其基本内容主要有以下几个方面： 1、贷款业务发展战略2、贷款工作规程及权限划分3.贷款的规模和比率控制4. 贷款种类及地区5. 贷款的担保6.贷款定价7. 贷款档案管理政策8.贷款的日常管理和催收制度9.不良贷款的管理信用贷款：是指银行完全凭借客户的信誉而无需提供抵押物或第三者保证而发放的贷款。
特征：风险较大，银行要收取较高的利息，借款人多为银行熟悉的较大的公司。
担保贷款：是指具有一定的财产或信用作还款保证的贷款。
根据还款保证的不同，具体分为保证贷款、抵押贷款、质押贷款。
保证贷款：指按规定的保证方式以第三人承诺在借款人不能偿还贷款时，按约定承担一般保证责任或者连带责任而发放的贷款抵押贷款：银行以抵押方式做担保而发放的贷款。
抵押是债务人或第三人不抵押财产的占有，将该财产作为债权的担保质押贷款：指按规定的质押方式以借款人或第三者的动产或权利作为质物发放的贷款信用分析：是对债务人的道德品格、资本实力、还款能力、担保及环境条件等进行系统分析，以确定是否给予贷款及相应的贷款条件。