国际经济学1-4做题答案

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国际经济学课后题答案.doc1

第3章课后题答案、1、商品的相对要素强度：不同商品的资本/劳动比率的不同，通过比较可判断该商品是资本密集型商品还是劳动力密集型商品。

国家的相对要素丰裕：要素丰裕度是指一国要素拥有的相对状况。

贸易的商品构成：即使技术水平相同，生产要素禀赋不同也可以产生贸易。

一国终将出口密集的使用其相对丰裕(便宜的生产要素)生产的商品，进口那些密集使用其相对稀缺(昂贵的要素)生产的商品。

商品流动和要素流动的相互替代：如果加拿大或者欧洲国家对美国的资本密集型商品设立保护性贸易壁垒，那么，美国企业就可以向这些国家进行投资，建立工厂，在这些国家之内进行生产，绕过贸易壁垒。

（P37）里昂剔夫悖论是否证实了这种解释？如果不是，那又是什么？里昂惕夫利用计算结果表明得出了与要素禀赋理论完全相悖的结论。

人力资本说、贸易壁垒说、自然资源稀缺说、需求逆转说可以解释这种现象。

2、要素比例理论不是产业内贸易的一个良好的解释。

规模经济理论可以更好的解释。

6、区别产业间贸易与产业内贸易，并分别举例。

请提供有关产业间贸易和产业内贸易的解释。

•产业间贸易：是国家之间完全不同商品的贸易，可以用要素禀赋理论来解释。

•产业内贸易：是国家之间高度相似的商品的贸易，可以用规模经济来解释。

例子：略7、根据垄断竞争和规模经济理论，产业内贸易的利益包括：•对于生产者：规模经济效应，降低了每个种类商品的生产成本•对于消费者：更低的价格和更多的商品种类•生产要素所有者：所有的生产要素都从贸易中获得利益。

第４章课后题答案2：有效保护率是指关税使被保护行业每单位产出的附加值提高的百分率。

a.对最终商品的有效保护率取决于⏹最终产品的名义税率和投入品的名义税率。

⏹取决于商品国内附加值占商品价格的比例。

为了保护本国的出口企业，提高有效保护率，对进口原材料免税或者低的关税。

ｂ用有效保护率的分析方法解释下列政策问题：发展中国家的生产深化：第一阶段，发展中国家实行保护性的高关税，并对投入品进口免征关税，进而开始建立起总装配厂。

国际经济学题库及答案按章节62页

国际经济学题库（按章节）第一章国际贸易理论的微观基础、第二章古典贸易理论一、名词解释1．重商主义 2．自由贸易论 3．绝对优势论 4．比较优势论 5．机会成本６．机会成本递增７．生产可能性边界二、判断题(在括号内填“√”，表示正确；填上“X”，表示错误)1．国际经济学研究的是全球资源的有效配置。

( )2．重商主义认为，各国在国际贸易中的利弊得失是完全相反的，你之所得就是我之所失。

( )3．我们墨西哥在与美国的竞争中得不到什么好处，美国工厂的生产效率太高了，它有那么多的计算机和机械工具，它的工程水平也太发达了。

我们需要关税，要么我们什么也不出口。

（）4．国际贸易产生于各国之间生产商品的技术水平的绝对差别，这是绝对差异论的基本观点。

( )5．在现实社会中，当经济资源或生产要素从一个部门转移到另一个部门时，机会成本可以始终保持不变。

( )6．在机会成本递增条件下，只要各国在生产同样产品时，存在着价格差异，那么各国间的国际分工仍能达到完全专业化的程度。

( )7．国际贸易形成的范围是：国际比价必须在两个参加贸易的国家贸易前的国内比价之间。

( )8．如果进行贸易的两个国家具有同样的生产可能性边界，即使各国不同的生活习惯，以及嗜好差异，也不会导致国际贸易。

( )9．生产可能性边界曲线上的各点切线的斜率即为机会成本。

( )10．晚期重商主义的观点又被称为“贸易差额论”。

（）11．一位美国参议员写了下面一段话：“贸易被认为是能够提高所有参与国收入的，至少亚当.斯密或大卫.李嘉图是这样教导我们的。

（）三、不定项选择题1．国际经济学作为独立的经济学分支科学，有自身的特点。

下列不属于这些特点的是( )。

A．国际经济学不同于区域经济学。

B．国际经济学理论的选择并不带有明显的民族性。

C.国际经济学建立在宏微观经济学基础之上，但它仍具有自身的理论体系。

D．国际经济学是在西方经济学理论基础之上的世界经济概论。

2．重商主义在国际贸易发展的历史上起到过非常重要的作用，但也存在明显的局限性。

国际经济学试题及答案（题库）

国际经济学试题及答案（题库）国际经济学习题集及参考答案一、填空、选择、判断题（每题1分）：第一章：1、国际贸易理论以微观经济学原理为基础，讨论世界范围内的资源配置问题。

2、最常用国际贸易模型的结构形式为两个国家、两种产品（或部门）和两种要素。

3、在完竞争的假设前提下，封闭条件下的相对价格是国际贸易产生的基础。

4、国家间的供给、需求方面的差异是造成相对价格的根源。

5、贸易后，国际均衡价格由两国的供需共同决定，国际均衡价格处于两国封闭下的相对价格之间。

6、国际贸易利益包括两个部分：来自交换的利益和来自专业化的利益。

7、贸易理论主要围绕三个问题展开：国际贸易的格局、国际贸易的条件、国际贸易的收益。

第二章：1、斯密的绝对优势论认为国际贸易的基础是各国之间劳动生产率的绝对差别；李嘉图的比较优势论认为国际贸易的基础是各国之间劳动生产率的相对差别。

2、哈伯勒首先用机会成本概念来阐明比较优势论。

3、重商主义者提倡的国家经济政策有：限制进口和鼓励出口，采取奖金、退税、协定和殖民地贸易等措施鼓励出口。

4、李嘉图认为在国际贸易中起决定作用的不是绝对成本，而是相对成本。

5、斯密的绝对优势论认为国际贸易的基础是各国之间劳动生产率的绝对差别；劳动生产率的比较优势论认为国际贸易的基础是各国之间劳动生产率的相对差别。

6、在李嘉图模型中，生产可能性边界线方程是一个线性方程式，表示A、B两国的PPF曲线是一条直线段。

7、重商主义者提倡的国家经济政策有：限制进口和鼓励出口，采取奖金、退税、协定和殖民地贸易等措施鼓励出口。

8、李嘉图认为在国际贸易中起决定作用的不是绝对成本，而是相对成本。

9、机会成本概念表明：彼种选择的机会成本就构成此种选择的机会成本。

选择题：1、首先用机会成本理论来解释比较优势原理的学者是： C、A、李嘉图B、罗布津斯基C、哈伯勒D、穆勒第三章：1、要素禀赋理论最初是由赫克歇尔和俄林提出的，后经萨缪尔森等人加工不断完善。

南财大国际经济学1-3套试卷答案

国际经济学第一套试卷总分：100考试时间：100分钟一、单项选择题1、在比较利益模型中，两种参与贸易商品的国际比价在两国贸易前的（答题答案:C）A、两种商品的国内比价之上B、两种商品的国内比价之下C、两种商品的国内比价之间D、与任何一个国家的国内比价相同2、李嘉图的比较成本学说的分析方法属于（答题答案：A)A、静态分析B、动态分析C、正态分析D、常态分析3、在两个国家、两种商品的贸易模式中，如果一国国内商品价格比为0.5，另一国国内商品价格比为2，则两国交换时的价格比例应该位于的区间是(答题答案：B）A、小于0。

5B、大于0。

5小于2C、大于2D、小于14、若美国工人每人每年可生产4辆汽车或40单位小麦，加拿大工人每人每年可生产2辆汽车或30单位小麦。

若两国进行贸易，根据比较成本说，在生产小麦方面具有比较优势的国家和应该出口汽车的国家分别是（答题答案：B)A、美国、加拿大B、加拿大、美国C、美国、美国D、加拿大、加拿大5、两国分工后，所能得到的贸易利益大小主要取决于（答题答案:D)A、提供曲线B、贸易条约C、劳动生产率D、商品交换比率6、李嘉图认为国际贸易产生的根源是(答题答案:A）A、各国生产同种商品的劳动生产率不同B、各国生产要素禀赋不同C、各国间商品价格不同D、各国间要素价格不同7、两国之间同一商品的差异是两国具有不同比较优势的表现，也构成了互利贸易的基础（答题答案：B）A、绝对价格B、相对价格C、市场价格D、交易价格8、分工所得就是通过获得的贸易利益（答题答案：C）A、国际贸易B、国内生产C、国际分工D、国内分配9、某国10年间出口价格指数上升了10％，进口价格指数上升了15%,那么该国贸易条件(答题答案:B)A、改善B、恶化C、不变D、不能确定10、以下各项中哪一项不会促进国家间木材的自由贸易（答题答案：A）A、贸易前各国木树价格相等B、追求利润的木树价格套利C、国家间存在木材供给的差别D、国家间存在木材需求的差别11、在分析生产要素价格均等化过程，有一系列的假设条件，下列不是其假设条件的有（答题答案：D）A、生产要素在一国范围内的各部门间自由流动B、不存在贸易障碍和运输费用C、生产要素充分利用D、生产要素在国与国之间自由流动12、对里昂惕夫之谜的解释较为典型的观点不包括(答题答案：B)A、自然资源B、汇率因素C、要素密集度转换D、贸易壁垒13、如果A国可用1个工时生产3个单位的x产品或3个单位的y产品,B国可用1个工时生产2单位的x产品或1个单位的y产品,而且如果劳动是惟一的投入，那么（答题答案:C）A、A国在两种商品的生产上均具有比较优势B、B国在两种商品的生产上均具有绝对优势C、A国在两种商品的生产上均具有绝对劣势D、B国在两种商品的生产上均具有比较优势14、提出要素禀赋理论的是(答题答案：B)A、李嘉图B、俄林C、里昂惕夫D、马歇尔15、分工与自由贸易使交换的两国获得更多的福利，这表现在(答题答案：B）A、两国的生产组合处在更高的生产可能性曲线上B、两国的消费组合处在更高的社会无差异曲线上C、两国的消费组合处在更高的生产可能性曲线上D、两国的生产组合处在更高的社会无差异曲线上16、用相对要素价格定义要素禀赋考虑了(答题答案:C）A、要素的供给B、要素的需求C、要素的供求D、要素的分配17、要素价格均等化定理又称（答题答案：D)A、H—O定理B、H—S定理C、S—S定理D、H—O—S定理18、（）兴起于二战后发达国家之间的双向贸易（答题答案：A)A、产业内贸易B、产业间贸易C、制成品与初级产品的贸易D、产品内贸易19、美国经济学家波斯纳提出的（），以各国技术水平的差异为起点，分析国际贸易的成因(答题答案：B ）A 、偏好相似论B 、技术差距论C 、产品生命周期理论D 、要素禀赋论20、与中间产品贸易对应的国际分工是(答题答案：D ）A 、产业间分工B 、产业内分工C 、发达国家之间的分工D 、产品内分工21、（）与技术差距论放松了传统比较优势理论的假设，考虑技术扩散对产品国际化转移的影响（答题答案：C)A 、产业内贸易理论B 、产品内贸易理论C 、产品生命周期理论二、多项选择题1、从博弈论角度看,国际贸易是(答题答案：BC)A 、零和博弈B 、正和博弈C 、双赢博弈D 、负和博弈2、要素价格均等化定理的假设包括(答题答案：ABC)A 、完全竞争的市场B 、国家间没有贸易壁垒C 、各国具有相同的生产技术D 、各国具有同样的收入水平 3、新要素理论包括(答题答案：ABCD ）A 、自然资源说B 、技术要素说C 、人力资本要素说D 、研发要素说4、通过商品的国际贸易,两国同质要素的价格变化是(答题答案：ABC)A 、趋于绝对均等B 、趋于相对均等C 、原来便宜的要素价格会上升D 、原来便宜的要素价格继续下跌 5、影响商品价格的因素有（答题答案：ABCD ）A 、要素的价格B 、生产技术C 、商品的供给D 、商品的需求6、可以定义要素丰裕度的方法是(答题答案:CD ）A 、一国要素的绝对数量B 、一国要素的绝对价格C 、两国要素的数量比率D 、两国要素的相对价格 7、耐克公司一般如何布局不同的生产环节？（答题答案：ABC)A 、缝制在发展中国家B 、设计在美国C 、品牌推广在发达国家D 、没有特殊的布局8、技术落后国家对先进技术学习模仿的滞后包括（答题答案:BCD)A、信息滞后B、需求滞后C、反应滞后D、掌握滞后三、判断题1、一个产品不可能同时既具有绝对优势,又具有相对优势。

(完整word版)国际经济学测试题答案

国际经济学测试题1答案一、单项选择（1’×10=10’）1.D2.C3.B4.A5.C6.C7.B8.D9.D 10.A二、多项选择（将答案填在下面的表格内，1’×10=10’）1. ABCD2. ABCDE3.ABD4.ABCDE5.ABDE6.ABD7.BCE8.ABE9.ABCD 10.ABD三、判断分析（分析不正确本题不得分。

2’×10=20’）1. 正确2. 错误。

跟大国比较接近。

3. 错误。

小国可以完全分工。

4. 正确5. 错误。

前者增加，后者下降。

6. 错误。

介于零关税和禁止性关税之间7. 错误。

国际生产折中理论8. 正确9. 错误。

动态效应更大更重要10. 正确四、名词解释（3’×4=12’）1．特定要素：只能被用来生产某些特定产品、不能在部门间自由流动的生产要素。

2．最优货币区：是指成员国相互之间的货币实行自由兑换，汇率保持长期固定不变，而对非成员国货币的汇率则实行联合浮动，通过商品和服务贸易以及要素的流动使多国经济紧密地联系在一起的地区。

3．出口替代战略：出口替代发展战略也是实现出口替代工业化的过程。

它是指一国将经济发展重点放在出口工业上，通过扩大出口本国工业制成品和半制成品来代替传统的初级产品出口，以增加外汇收入，带动工业体系的建立和推动整个国民经济的持续发展。

4．需求管理政策: 需求管理政策是通过改变国内总需求来校正国际收支失衡，它是以吸收理论为基础提出的，所以又称支出变化政策，主要政策工具包括财政政策和货币政策。

五、比较分析题（要求借助图形，每题9’，共18’）1. 比较小国利用关税和利用进口替代补贴进行贸易保护的不同效果。

征收关税之后，该国的总福利水平下降了：消费者剩余损失了(a+b+c+d)，其中a被生产者所得，c为政府财政收入所得，但尚有b和d的损失，国内没有任何人能得到相应的补偿。

这是由于关税使本国的生产资源从效率较高的部门转移到了效率较低的部门，即一国的生产资源向没有比较优势的进口竞争部门集中，因此造成了国民福利净损失。

北语 20春《国际经济学》作业_1234

三、判断题(每题4分,共10道小题,总分值40分)
1.按照技术差距贸易论，技术差距决定了国际贸易的某种格局。
答：正确
2.产品的生命周期理论为发展中国家利用所谓的"后发优势"提供了理论基础。
答：正确
3.在进出口需求无弹性的情况下，货币贬值能改善贸易收支，即增加出口，减少进口。
答：错误
4.跨国公司是指在两个或两个以上国家的实体所组成的公营、私营或混合所有制形式的企业。
C. C自发存在的国际货币体系和人为安排组织的国际货币体系
D. D布雷顿森林体制和牙买加体制
二、多选题(每题4分,共4道小题,总分值16分)
1.国际收支平衡表中经常项目的内容包括（）。
A.商品贸易收支
B.对外投资收支
C.劳务收支
D.经常转移
2.以下关于布雷顿森林体系说法正确的有（）。
A.建立国际货币基金组织
C.共同生产要素的相互使用
D.企业内部生产规模的扩大
2.根据经济联合的形式以及国家主权让渡程度的不同，经济一体化形式分为(）。
A.自由贸易区
B.关税同盟
C.经济联盟
D.xx
3.影响一国汇率变动的主要因素有（）。
A.经济增长
B.国际收支
C.资本流动
D.通货膨胀率
4.国际收支的各种差额中，基本差额包括(）。
A.零
B.小于需求弹性
C.大于需求弹性
D.无穷大
答：D
6.已知A国生产1单位的X和Y商品分别耗费3和5个单位的劳动，要使两国都具有绝对优势，则B国生产1单位的X和Y商品分别耗费多少单位的劳动：（）
A. 1，6
B. 2，4
C. 3，4
D. 4，7
答：A

《国际经济学(第四版)》课后复习与思考参考答案-第1章到第4章精选全文完整版

可编辑修改精选全文完整版《国际经济学（第四版）》课后复习与思考参考答案-第1章到第4章目录绪论练习与思考参考答案 (1)第一章练习与思考参考答案 (3)第二章练习与思考参考答案 (7)第三章练习与思考参考答案 (13)第四章练习与思考参考答案 (16)绪论练习与思考参考答案1．答：传统贸易理论研究产业（industry）或部门（sector）层面，假定企业同质；新新贸易理论研究企业（firm）层面，假定企业异质。

2．答：以斯蒂德曼为代表的新李嘉图主义的国际贸易理论坚持并继承了李嘉图的比较利益论，认为贸易的真正来源在于各国的比较优势的差异，而并非资源禀赋的差距。

新李嘉图主义以一种比较动态的、长期均衡的分析来解释国际贸易。

新李嘉图主义贸易理论把收入分配置于突出位置，并贯穿分析的始终。

新李嘉图主义的国际贸易理论与李嘉图理论不同主要在于：李嘉图是从各国生产的角度即从各国的生产特点不同和劳动效率的高低不同上来解释比较优势的差异；新李嘉图主义不仅从各国生产的角度来分析和比较各国的比较优势的差异，而且强调要从各国分配领域，从经济增长、经济发展的动态角度来分析和比较各国比较优势的不同。

3．答：北京师范大学李翀教授认为，马克思曾经有一个六册著作的写作计划，准备研究国内和国际经济问题，建立一个完整的经济理论体系。

然而遗憾的是，马克思没有能够完成他的研究工作。

将马克思经济学的基本理论和基本方法应用于国际经济问题的研究，构建马克思主义国际经济学理论体系，是一个很有意义的研究领城。

随着经济的全球化，国际经济体系已经成熟，建立马克思主义国际经济学的条件已经具备。

国际经济的本质是资本的跨国流动，因此，应该从商品资本、生产资本、货币资本的跨国流动三个方面来构建马克思主义国际经济学。

在商品资本的跨国流动方面，需要从国际价值、生产价格和垄断价格等基本范畴出发，来分析国际贸易的原因、流向和利益分配。

在生产资本的跨国流动方面，需要从生产资本本质的角度重新构建直接投资的原因、流向和利益分配。

international(国际经济学)课后习题及答案

international（国际经济学）课后习题及答案----------------------- Page 1-----------------------Review Questions and Condensed Answers forInternational Trade TheoriesChapter 1 World Trade and the National EconomyReview Questions::::1( What features distinguish international from domestic transactions?2( What can you say about the growth of world trade in both nominal and real terms? Was itfaster than the growth of output?3( Evaluate the statement,” the United States is a closed economy, hence foreign trade is ofno consequence to it.”4( Distinguish between export industries, import-competing industries and nontraded goods.Give examples of each.5( Using the figure in table 1-3, what can you say about the trade structure of the USA andJapan.Condensed Answers to Review Questions::::1. The text discusses ways that international transactions differfrom domestic ones.i. International trade requires that transactions be conductedbetween twocurrencies mediated by an exchange rate. Domestic transactions are conductedin a single currency.ii. Commercial policies that operate to restrict international transactions cannot, ingeneral, be imposed on domestic trade. Such policies include tariffs, quotas,voluntary export restraints, export subsidies, and exchange controls.iii. Countries pursue different domestic macroeconomic policieswhich result indivergent rates of economic growth, inflation, and unemployment.iv. More statistical data exist on the nature, volume, and value of internationaltransactions than exist in domestic trade.v. Factors of production are more mobile domestically than internationally.vi. Countries exhibit different demand patterns, sales techniques,and marketingrequirements. Many of these are due to culture and custom. Someresult fromdifferences in government regulations. Included here are health, safety,environmental, and technical rules.2. The real volume of world exports grew at an annual rate of more than 6 percent between1950 and 2000. Global output grew at an annual rate of 4 percent. Export growth inexcess of output growth reflects the increased openness to trade of many countries.3. The United States is a relatively closed economy since the share of trade in GDP issmaller than that of most other industrial nations. In 2000, U.S. exports of goods andservices were 11 percent of GDP. The U.S. economy is less dependent on the foreignsector than other major economies, but to say that foreign trade is of no consequence is anexaggeration. The U.S. economy has become increasingly open and, therefore, moreimpacted by trade developments over time. This trend is likely to continue. Curtailingimports would, for example, have a big effect on consumers' ability to buy some goods----------------------- Page 2-----------------------(e.g. tropical products) and would raise the prices of others. The absence of certain keycommodities and material inputs would greatly disrupt areas of U.S. industry.4. a. Export industries send a substantial share of their output abroad. Ratios ofexports to GDP are much higher than the average ratio for all industries. Netexporting industries are those for which exports exceed imports. U.S. netexporting industries include farm products, chemicals, certain types of machinery,and aerospace products.b. Import-competing industries are domestic industries that sharethe domesticmarket with a substantial import presence. These activities haveratios ofimports to GDP that are much higher than the average ratio for all industries.U.S. import-competing industries include fuels, automobiles,clothing, footwear,and iron and steel.c. Nontraded goods are those which, because of their nature and characteristics, arenot easily exported or imported. Examples are hair-dressing, movie theaters,meals, construction activity, and health-care.5. Table 1.3 contains figures on the trade structure of the U.S. and Japan. The U.S. is a netexporter of food, certain ores, chemicals, and other machinery and transport equipment,and is a net importer of raw materials, mining products, fuels, nonferrous metals, iron andsteel, semimanufactures, office and telecommunications equipment, automotive products,textiles and clothing, and other consumer goods. Japan is a net exporter of iron and steel,chemicals, semimanufactures, office and telecommunications equipment, automotiveproducts, other machinery and transport equipment, and other consumer goods. Importsexceed exports in food, raw materials, and textiles and clothing.----------------------- Page 3-----------------------Chapter 2 Why Nations TradeReview Questions::::1( a. In what sense are the cost data of footnote 4 related to the figures of scheme 1?b. Based on the figures of footnote 4, determine the:Direction of trade once it develops.Limits to mutually beneficial trade.Limits to a sustainable exchange trade.2. Evaluate the following statements:a. In international trade, domestic cost ratios determine the limits of mutually beneficial trade,whereas demand considerations show where, within these limits, the actual exchange ratio will lie.b. Comparative advantage is a theoretical concept. It cannot be used to explain any real-worldphenomena.c. The opening up of trade raises the price of export goods; hence trade is inflationary.d. The concept of absolute advantage offers explainations for East Germany’s high unemploymentrates in the 1990s.3. a. Use the theory of comparative advantage to explain why it pays for:The USA to export grains and import oil.Russia to export oil and import grains.b. Why does the popular press believe that grain exports are inflnationary? What is wrongwith this porposition?Condensed Answers to Review Questions:1. a. Scheme 1 is based on labor productivity comparisons, while Footnote 4presentsper unit cost data. Production cost ratios are inversely related to productivitymeasures.b. i. Textiles will be exported from the U.K. and wheat from the U.S.ii. The U.S. will trade only if one yard of textiles costs less than3 bushels ofwheat. The U.K. will trade only if 1 yard of textiles can be exchangedfor more than 2 bushels of wheat.iii. The value of the ? must be between $1 and $1.502. a. Consider Figure 2.2. The domestic cost ratios define limits of mutually beneficialtrade. Within the region of mutually beneficial trade the actual exchange rate willbe determined by the relative intensity of each country's demand for the othercountry's product. A full analysis requires an understanding of reciprocal demandcurves, but the following general principle might help heuristically. If the Britishare more eager to buy U.S. wheat than the Americans are eager for British textiles,the exchange ratio falls close to the U.K. domestic cost ratio and the U.S. can beviewed as capturing a greater share of the gains from trade.b. Since the real world does not conform to the convenienttwo-country, two-goodassumptions, the simple theoretical model is not immediately applicable.However, we can generalize the model to many goods and many nations. Thefundamental truth remains. Countries export those goods in which their relativeproduction costs are lower and import those goods for which the relative costs arehigher.----------------------- Page 4-----------------------c. While trade tends to raise the prices of exportables in the domestic economy, theeffect of trade is to lower the average price level of all goods. Trade givesconsumers an opportunity to consume at lower world prices. Many goods will becheaper when purchased from foreign supply sources. Trade also conveysprocompetitive effects, stimulates the adoption of new technologies, and allowsfirms to achieve efficient scale production levels. Thus, trade is anti-inflationary.d. The reunification of the Germany economy in 1990 was undertaken on the basisthat a unit of the deutschmark, the West German currency, should be equal in valueto a unit of the ostmark, the East German currency. At this exchange rate, goodsproduced in East Germany were almost universally more expensive to producethan their counterparts in the West. Labor productivity in East Germanmanufacturing was found to be about 35% of the West German level. Underthese conditions the East German manufacturing sector collapsed. Investors werereluctant to purchase East German factories and large scale closures and dismissalsresulted.3. a. The U.S. enjoys a comparative advantage in grains. It also produces oil, but will gain byspecializing in grain production and using proceeds of exported agriculturalproducts to purchase oil from nations that produce oil relatively more efficiently.Russia is relatively more efficient in the production of oil and will gain bypurchasing grain from the U.S. in exchange for oil.b. The popular press asserts that by exporting grain from the U.S. (say to the former U R)we are lowering the domestic supply of grain and raising the domestic U.S. price of grain. Sincegrain is an important ingredient in many food products, grain exports are believed to increase theprice of those products. However, the price of grain is determined in world markets. U.S.exports alone cannot permanently raise the domestic U.S. price. If the domestic U.S. grainpricerose above the world price, the U.S. would be a net importer of grains and the domestic price wouldfall.----------------------- Page 5-----------------------Chapter 3 The Commodity Composition of TradeReview Questions::::1( Does the factor proportions theory provide a good explanation of intraindustry trade? Ifnot, can you outline an alternative explaination for the growing phenomenon?2( Explain the dynamic nature of comparative advantage using Japan’s experience as anexample.3( Once the United States acquires a comparative advantage in jet aircraft production it canbe sure of a dominant position in the global market forever. Do you agree with thisstatement? Explain.Condensed Answers to Review Questions1. The factor proportions theory is better suited to explain interindustry trade, or the exchangebetween countries of totally different commodities, than intraindustry trade, which is thetwo-way trade of similar commodities. The growth of intraindustry trade is greatest inimperfectly competitive industries characterized by economies of scale. Here, scaleeconomies force firms in each industry to specialize in a narrow range of products withineach industry to achieve efficient scale operations. Intraindustry specialization combinedwith diverse consumer tastes gives rise to two-way trade within the same industryclassification.2. Japan's comparative advantage in the immediate post-war period was in labor intensivegoods. The high level of saving and investment transformed Japan into a relatively capitalabundant country. Its advantage in the labor-intensive industries was lost as wages rose.Moreover, Japan increased its technological capability through high spending on R&D.Now Japan's advantage lies in the production of high-tech, capital intensive goods similar tothe U.S. This in large part explains the increasing trade friction between the twocountries.3. Once the U.S. acquires a comparative advantage in jet aircraft, it is likely to enjoy a dominantposition in the global marketplace for years, but not forever. Jet aircraft production is characterizedby huge economies of scale due largely to research and development costs. High capitalrequirements and scale economies pose large entry barriers. It is extremely difficult for a countryto enter into aircraft production once the U.S. has the lead. The new firm would initially have asmall market share and would be unable to compete on a cost basis. The new market entrant wouldrequire considerable government support and encouragement. This was the case with the EuropeanAirbus.----------------------- Page 6-----------------------Chapter 4 Protection of Domestic Industries: The TariffReview Questions::::1( A tariff on textiles is equivalent to a tax on consumers and a subsidy to the textileproducers and workers.2( Explain the concept of effective rate of protection.a. What does the effective rate on final goods depend upon and how?b. In what way does the effective rate analysis help to illuminate these policy issues:Deepening of production in LDCsEscalation of tariff rates by degree of processing in industrial countries3. A tariff lowers the real income of the country, while at the same time it distributes income fromconsumers to the governments and to the import-competing industry.Condensed Answers to Review Questions:1. The effect of a tariff is comparable to the combined effects of a tax on consumers and a subsidy toproducers. Using Figure 4.3, one can show a tariff results in a transfer of resources from theconsumers (who lose P P fd ) to the producers (who gain P P ec). With a non-prohibitive tariff, the2 3 2 3government will also gain revenue efmn. Whether the two schemes are equivalent depends on theexact nature of the tax and subsidy scheme.2. a. The effective rate of protection measures the percentage increase in domesticvalue added per unit of output made possible by tariffs on the output and onmaterial inputs. Determinants of the effective rate include thetariff on the finalproduct, tariffs on the imported material inputs, and the free trade value added perunit of output which is influenced by intermediate input coefficients. Effectiverates are positively related to the tariff on the final product and negatively related toboth tariffs on imported inputs and the free trade value added. A derivation ofthe formula appears in footnote 10, and footnote 12 interprets that formula.b. "Deepening" of production in LDCs involves import substitution industrializationpolicy. A final assembly plant is given a protective tariff and imported inputs areaccorded duty free treatment. As a second stage, the LDC begins to deepenproduction by manufacturing inputs and according them protection. By imposingtariffs on imported inputs, the LDC is reducing effective protection for the finalgood.Because of relatively high rates of protection on finished goods and low protectionon unfinished goods and raw materials, effective tariff rates in developed countriesmay be as much as double their nominal counterparts. Developing countriesmaintain that such tariff structures fatally harm their efforts to increase exports offinished manufactures.3. Again using Figure4.3, the loss in real income is shown by triangles cen and mfd.Redistribution has been given in 8a.----------------------- Page 7-----------------------Chapter 5 Nontariff Barriers (NTBs) to TradeReview Question::::Suppose the USA steel industry is seeking protection from foreign imports. Compare andcontrast the following measures of restricting steel industries: a tariff, a quota, and voluntaryexport restraints.Condensed Answers to Review Question:There are a variety of ways in which a tariff may be considered to be less harmful than an equivalentquota:i. The revenue effect. Tariffs provide revenue. Quotas do not automatically providerevenue. Under a quota, revenue accrues to holders of import licenses.Depending on the quota scheme, licenses may be held by domestic importers, foreign exporters, foreign governments, or domestic officialswho may use them to encourage bribery. Only through auctioning or selling licenses can the government capture quota rents.ii. Performance under demand and supply changes. Any amount of imports can enterunder a tariff, but with a quota import volumes are fixed. When demandgrows, or there is a shortfall in supply, the quota does not permit a quantityadjustment. The domestic price can depart significantly from the worldprice. Under a tariff, the domestic price cannot rise above the worldprice by more than the tariff rate. Thus, a tariff is less harmful than aquota.iii. Impact on Exporters. When a tariff is levied on an imported good it is usually rebatedwhen the good is exported. The same is not true for a quota. Quotas maytherefore be more harmful to export performance.iv. Curbing monopoly power. Quotas curtail monopoly power less than an equivalent tariff.v. Terms of Trade Effects. Quotas provide no incentive for exporting nations to absorb partof the price increase; tariffs do if the exporting nation wishes to retainmarket share.vi. Quality Upgrading. Quotas give an incentive for the exporting country to engage in qualityupgrading. Ad valorem tariffs do not provide an incentive for this behavior but specific duties do.VERs share all of the undesirable effects of quotas. When the exporter does the restricting, there isno opportunity to sell import licenses. Quota rents accrue toforeign exporters orgovernments under a VER. Therefore, VERs are more costly to society than anequivalent quota with licenses sold or a tariff. Quantitative restrictions like VERsare discriminatory. VERs are also hard to monitor. Since shipments from thirdparty countries are unrestricted, transshipment throughnonrestricted countries is amajor problem. One advantage of VERs is they do not invite retaliation sincethey are profitable to foreign exporters and governments.Tariffs, quotas and VERs may be equivalent in terms of effects on the domestic price and thevolumeof imports. This may be shown using diagram 5-1. However, there are important differencesdiscussed in 1a. above.----------------------- Page 8-----------------------Chapter 6 International and Regional Trade Organizations Among Developed CountriesReview Questions::::1. Explain the following terms:Trade creation of a customs union.Trade diversion of a customs union.2.What are the conflicts between the WTO and the environmental movement?Condensed Answers to Review Questions:1. Trade creation refers to the replacement of high cost production in each member by importsfrom another member. This effect is favorable to world welfare. Tradediversion is the diversion of trade from a nonmember to a higher cost member.This is unfavorable because it reduces worldwide resource allocative efficiency(See Figure 4-8).The basic approach to calculating welfare effects associated with customs union formation is toconstruct hypothetical estimates of what member country trade patterns wouldhave been in the absence of integration, comparing these with actual trade flows,and attributing any difference to integration. Effects ofintegration can be isolatedby using trade flow data pertaining to nonmember "normalizer" countries over thesame period to suggest what trade patterns would have been expected for memberswithout integration. Assume, in the absence of integration, both total (internalplus external) and external member imports would have grown at the same rates asthe corresponding imports in the normalizer. The normalizer's external importsrefer to its imports from third countries (i.e. intra-trade is excluded). Thenormalizer's internal imports are imports of normalizer countries from each other(e.g. intra-trade). The preintegration member country total import level ismultiplied by the corresponding normalizer import growth rate to yield an estimateof hypothetical total imports without integration. When compared with actualtotal imports, an estimate of trade creation is obtained. Trade diversion isestimated by multiplying the member country preintegration external import levelby the normalizer's rate of change of external imports to yield hypothetical membercountry external imports. The excess of hypothetical over actual external importsconstitutes trade diversion. The European Union (EU) is a customs unioncomprised of 15 West European countries.2. WTO rules often conflict with both international environmental agreements and nationalenvironmental laws. For example, a 1991 GATT panel upheld a Mexican challenge to aU.S. law banning importation of tuna caught indolphin-killing purse-seine nets.GATT/WTO provisions are concerned with products and not production methods.----------------------- Page 9-----------------------Chapter 7 International Mobility of Productive FactorsReview Question::::What is the meaning of DFI? List some of the factors that induce companies to invest abroad.Condensed Answers to Review Question:Direct Foreign Investment refers to international capital movement that gives a company controlover a foreign subsidiary. It may be the purchase of an existing company, a substantial part of itsshares, or the establishment of a new enterprise. It should be contrasted with portfolio investmentthat gives, by and large, no control over foreign assets.The motives are diverse and any particular investment may involve one or more of the followingi. investment in extractive industries to secure raw material supplies;ii. investment in manufacturing industry to take advantage of cheaper foreign labor;iii. to locate production close to foreign markets and avoid transportation costs;iv. to take advantage of incentives offered by host countries;v. to circumvent tariff barriers;vi. changes in the exchange values of currencies; andvii. marketing considerations.。

国际经济学习题与答案

第一章国际贸易理论的微观基础习题（一）选择题1.微观经济学研究的是单个社会的资源配置问题，而国际贸易理论研究的是（）A 一国的资源配置问题B两国范围内的资源配置问题C地区范围内的资源配置问题D世界范围内的资源配置问题2. 一个人在作出选择时，（）A如果边际收益非常大，他或她就不用考虑机会成本B进行最小机会成本的选择C比较该选择活动的边际成本和边际收益D只有当总利益非常大时，他或她才会选择使用其稀缺的资源3.机会成本（）A由自己支付，而与他人无关B对劳务而言是零，因为劳务不会持续太久；对物品而言是正的，因为物品具有长久性C是为了进行某一选择而放弃的评价最高的选择D是为了进行某一选择放弃的所有选择4.如果两个人在商品的生产中具有不同的机会成本，那么他们能够从专业化与交换中（）A都受损B一人受益，一人受损C既不受益，也不受损D都能够受益5. 沿着外凸的生产可能性边界线向下移动时，随着一种物品产量的增加，生产该物品的机会成本将（）A保持不变B增加C减少D无法确定6 .一个国家（），能够在其生产可能性边界线之外的点上进行消费。

A没有任何时候B在充分就业的情况下C同其他国家进行贸易时D所有生产要素全部投入生产的时候7.供给曲线除了表示不同的价格水平所提供的商品数量外，还可以被认为是（）A愿意并有能力支付的曲线B边际收益曲线C供给的最高价格曲线D供给的最低价格曲线8. 在封闭条件下，一国生产技术的改进降低了棉花的生产成本，那么棉花的价格（），棉花的生产数量（）A上升；增加B上升；减少C下降；增加D下降；减少9 .对于两国贸易模型来说，国际均衡价格一定处于两国贸易前的（）A最低相对价格水平之下B最高相对价格水平之上C相对价格水平之间D根据具体情况而定10 .经济学家作出这样的假设：作为一种目标，消费者总是在追求（）A其效用最大化B其收入的最大化C其边际效用的最大化D以上选项均不对（二）简答题1如何理解狭义和广义的国际贸易，国际贸易理论的主要研究对象是什么？2既然国际贸易理论与微观经济学的基本原理存在着一致性，为什么还要区分国际贸易与国内贸易，将国际贸易作为一个独立的问题来研究呢？3用相对价格概念解释经济行为主体是如何摆脱“货币幻觉”的影响的。

《国际经济学》课后习题参考答案

《国际经济学》课后习题参考答案第一章练习与答案1．为什么说在决定生产和消费时，相对价格比绝对价格更重要？答案提示：当生产处于生产边界线上，资源则得到了充分利用，这时，要想增加某一产品的生产，必须降低另一产品的生产，也就是说，增加某一产品的生产是有机会机本（或社会成本）的。

生产可能性边界上任何一点都表示生产效率和充分就业得以实现，但究竟选择哪一点，则还要看两个商品的相对价格，即它们在市场上的交换比率。

相对价格等于机会成本时，生产点在生产可能性边界上的位置也就确定了。

所以，在决定生产和消费时，相对价格比绝对价格更重要。

2．仿效图1—6和图1—7，试推导出Y商品的国民供给曲线和国民需求曲线。

答案提示：3．在只有两种商品的情况下，当一个商品达到均衡时，另外一个商品是否也同时达到均衡？试解释原因。

答案提示：4．如果生产可能性边界是一条直线，试确定过剩供给（或需求）曲线。

答案提示：5．如果改用Y商品的过剩供给曲线（B国）和过剩需求曲线（A国）来确定国际均衡价格，那么所得出的结果与图1—13中的结果是否一致？答案提示：国际均衡价格将依旧处于贸易前两国相对价格的中间某点。

6．说明贸易条件变化如何影响国际贸易利益在两国间的分配。

答案提示：一国出口产品价格的相对上升意味着此国可以用较少的出口换得较多的进口产品，有利于此国贸易利益的获得，不过，出口价格上升将不利于出口数量的增加，有损于出口国的贸易利益；与此类似，出口商品价格的下降有利于出口商品数量的增加，但是这意味着此国用较多的出口换得较少的进口产品。

对于进口国来讲，贸易条件变化对国际贸易利益的影响是相反的。

7．如果国际贸易发生在一个大国和一个小国之间，那么贸易后，国际相对价格更接近于哪一个国家在封闭下的相对价格水平？答案提示：贸易后，国际相对价格将更接近于大国在封闭下的相对价格水平。

8．根据上一题的答案，你认为哪个国家在国际贸易中福利改善程度更为明显些？答案提示：小国。

国际经济学试题及答案(题库)

国际经济学习题集及参考答案一、填空、选择、判断题（每题1分）：第一章：1、国际贸易理论以微观经济学原理为基础，讨论世界范围内的资源配置问题。

2、最常用国际贸易模型的结构形式为两个国家、两种产品（或部门）和两种要素。

3、在完竞争的假设前提下，封闭条件下的相对价格是国际贸易产生的基础。

4、国家间的供给、需求方面的差异是造成相对价格的根源。

5、贸易后，国际均衡价格由两国的供需共同决定，国际均衡价格处于两国封闭下的相对价格之间。

6、国际贸易利益包括两个部分：来自交换的利益和来自专业化的利益。

7、贸易理论主要围绕三个问题展开：国际贸易的格局、国际贸易的条件、国际贸易的收益。

2、哈伯勒首先用机会成本概念来阐明比较优势论。

3、重商主义者提倡的国家经济政策有：限制进口和鼓励出口，采取奖金、退税、协定和殖民地贸易等措施鼓励出口。

4、李嘉图认为在国际贸易中起决定作用的不是绝对成本，而是相对成本。

6、在李嘉图模型中，生产可能性边界线方程是一个线性方程式，表示A、B两国的PPF曲线是一条直线段。

7、重商主义者提倡的国家经济政策有：限制进口和鼓励出口，采取奖金、退税、协定和殖民地贸易等措施鼓励出口。

8、李嘉图认为在国际贸易中起决定作用的不是绝对成本，而是相对成本。

9、机会成本概念表明：彼种选择的机会成本就构成此种选择的机会成本。

2、要素禀赋理论由H-O定理、要素价格均等化定理和罗伯津斯基定理、斯托伯-萨缪尔森定理等构成3、要素价格均等化理论指出国际贸易通过商品价格的均等化会导致要素价格的均等化，从而在世界范围实现资源的最佳配置。

(完整版)国际经济学(1-4单元单项选择题以及答案).doc

International Economics’Middle Test1.The mercantilists would have objected to:a. Export promotion policies initiated by the governmentb. The use of tariffs or quotas to restrict importsc.Trade policies designed to accumulate gold and other precious metalsd. International trade based on open markets2. Unlike Adam Smith, David Ricardo’ s trading principle emphasizes the:a. Demand side of the marketb. Supply side of the marketc. Role of comparative costsd. Role of absolute costs3. A nation that gains from trade will find its consumption point being located:a. Inside its production possibilities curveb.Along its production possibilities curvec.Outside its production possibilities curved.None of the above4. If a production possibilities curve is bowed out (i.e., concave) in appearance, production occurs under conditions of:a. Constant opportunity costsb. Increasing opportunity costsc. Decreasing opportunity costsd. Zero opportunity costs5.Increasing opportunity costs suggest that:a.Resources are not perfectly shiftable between the production of two goodsb.Resources are fully shiftable between the production of two goodsc. A country ’ s production possibilities curve appears as a straight lined. A country ’ s production possibilities curve is bowed inward (i.e., convex) in appearance6. The trading- triangle concept is used to indicate a nation’ s:a. Exports, marginal rate of transformation, terms of tradeb.Imports, terms of trade, marginal rate of transformationc.Marginal rate of transformation, imports, exportsd.Terms of trade, exports, imports7.The earliest statement of the principle of comparative advantage is associated with:a. Adam Smithb.David Ricardoc.Eli Heckscherd. Bertil Ohlin8.When a nation achieves autarky equilibrium:a. Input price equals final product priceb. Labor productivity equals the wage ratec.Imports equal exportsd.Production equals consumption9.The gains from international trade increase as:a. A nation consumes inside of its production possibilities scheduleb. A nation consumes along its production possibilities schedulec. The international terms of trade rises above the nation ’ s autarky priced. The international terms of trad e approaches the nation ’ s autarky price10. Under free trade, Canada would not enjoy any gains from trade with Sweden if Canada:a. Trades at the Canadian rate of transformationb. Trades at Sweden ’ s rate of transformationc. Specializes completely in the production of its export goodd. Specializes partially in the production of its export good11. A rise in the price of imports or a fall in the price of exports will:a. Improve the terms of tradeb. Worsen the terms of tradec. Expand the production possibilities curved. Contract the production possibilities curve12. A term-of-trade index that equals 90 indicates that compared to the base year:a.It requires a greater output of domestic goods to obtain the same amount of foreign goodsb.It requires a lesser amount of domestic goods to obtain the same amount of foreign goodsc.The price of exports has fallen from $100 to $90d.The price of imports has fallen from $100 to $9013.The use of indifference curves helps us determine the point:a. Along the production possibilities curve a country will chooseb. At which a country maximizes its resource productivityc. At which a country ceases to become competitived. Where the marginal rate of transformation approaches zero14. The equilibrium prices and quantities established after trade are fully determinate if we know:a. The location of all countries ’ indifferenceb. curvesTheshape of each country ’ s production possibilities curvec. The comparative costs of each trading partnerd.The strength of world supply and demand for each good15. In the absence of trade, a nation is in equilibrium where a community indifference curve:1a. Lies above its production possibilities curveb. Is tangent to its production possibilities curvec. Intersects its production possibilities curved. Lies below its production possibilities curve16. Which of the following is false concerning indifference curves?a. They illustrate how the nation ranks alternative consumption bundlesb. Higher curves refer to more satisfactionc. They are negatively sloped, being bowed out away from the diagram ’ s origind. They reflect the tastes and preferences of a consumer17.The marginal rate of substitution is measured by the absolute value of the slope of a (an):a. Production possibilities curveb. Indifference curvec. Production possibilities curved. Demand curve18. According to Staffan Linder, trade between two countries tends to be most pronounced when the countries:a.Find their tastes and preferences to be quite harmoniousb.Experience economies of large-scale production over large output levelsc.Face dissimilar relative abundances of the factors of productiond.Find their per capita income levels to be approximately the same19.Which of the following is a long-run theory, emphasizing changes in the trading position of a nation over a number of years?a.Theory of factor endowmentsparative advantage theoryc.Theory of the product cycled.Overlapping demand theory20.The Leontief paradox questioned the validity of the theory of:a. Comparative advantageb. Factor endowmentsc. Overlapping demandsd. Absolute advantage21.When considering the effects of transportation costs, the conclusions of our trade model must be modified. This is because transportation costs result in:a.Lower trade volume, higher import prices, smaller gains from tradeb.Lower trade volume, lower import prices, smaller gains from tradec.Higher trade volume, higher import prices, smaller gains from traded.Higher trade volume, lower import prices, greater gains from trade22.Eli Heckscher and Bertil Ohlin are associated with the theory of comparative advantage that stresses differences in:a. Income levels among countriesb. Tastes and preferences among countriesc. Resource endowments among countriesd. Labor productivities among countries23. A firm is said to enjoy economies of scale over the range of output for which the long-run average cost is:a. Increasingb. Constantc. Decreasingd. None of the above24. Which of the following best applies to the theory of overlapping demands?a. Manufactured goodsb. Servicesc. Primary productsd. None of the above25. Which trade theory is tantamount to a short-run version of the factor price equalization theory?a. Specific factors theoryb. Product life cycle theoryc. Economies of scale theoryd. Overlapping demand theory26. Intraindustry trade can be explained in part by:a. Adam Smith ’ s principle of absolute advantageb. Perfect competition in product marketsc. Diseconomies of large scale productiond. Transportation costs between and within nations27. Which of the following would least likely apply to the product life cycle theory?a. Calculators and computersb. Coal and crude oilc. Home movie camerasd. Office machinery28. According to the factor endowment model, countries heavily endowed with land will:a. Devote excessive amounts of resources to agricultural production c. Export products that are land-intensiveb. Devote insufficient amounts of resources to agricultural production d. Import products that are land-intensive29. Given free trade, small nations tend to benefit the most from trade since they:a. Are more productive than their large trading partnersb. A re less productive than their large trading partnersc.Have demand preferences and income levels lower than their large trading partnersd.Enjoy terms of trade lying near the opportunity costs of their large trading partners30.The terms of trade is given by the prices:a. Paid for all goods imported by the home countryb.Received for all goods exported by the home countryc.Received for exports and paid for importsd.Of primary products as opposed to manufactured productsAnswer:dccba dbdca baadb cbdcb accaa dbcdc2。

期末复习用《国际经济学》各章习题及答案

第 1 章复习思考题 1．20 世纪 70 年代以来，国际经济学是经济学领域发展最快、影响最广的分支学科之一。请说出最重要一种原因，并进行分析。 2．什么新古典经济学？ 3．新贸易理论是对传统比较优势理论的否定吗？为什么？ 4．美国经济学家保罗·克鲁格曼（Paul Krugman）曾经获得诺贝尔经济学奖，他的杰出贡献是什么？
2.答：新古典经济学是 19 世纪 70 年代由“边际革命”开始而形成的一种经济学流派。它在继承古典经济学经济自由主义的同时，以边际效用价值论代替了古典经济学的劳动价值论，以需求为核心的分析代替了古典经济学以供给为核心的分析。新古典学派主要包裹奥地利学派、洛桑学派、剑桥学派。认为边际效用递减规律是理解经济现象的一个根本基础，利用这一规律可以解释买主面途之间的最佳配置等各种经济问题。
这是，A 国的提供曲线会发生什么变化？
第 3 章复习思考题参考答案 1．答：（1） 5X + 4Y = 20000 。（2）封闭条件下，此国生产可能性边界的斜率是-5/4=PX/PY。因为 X 的国
际相对价格为 2，所以此国出口 X 进口 Y。出口 1000 个单位的 X 可以换得 2000 个单位的 Y。贸易三角形即可划出。
3.答：不是否定，而是相互补充。 4.答：保罗·克鲁格曼的贡献主要是对贸易模式和经济活动的区位等新贸易理论的发展。1979 年克鲁格曼在《国际经济学杂志》发表了一篇经典论文《规模报酬递增、垄断竞争和国际贸易》，论证了资源相似的两国也可以进行国际贸易，且贸易可以发生在同一行业。克鲁格曼加入了规模经济、消费者喜好消费的多样性等因素。1991 年克鲁格曼在《政治经济学杂志》上发表了一篇的开
7．自由贸易的利益。A 国稿纸的需求曲线方程为： QD = 350 − 0.5P 。

国际经济学习题有答案

第一章国际贸易理论的微观基础一、名词解释1、国际贸易的交换利益2、国际贸易的专业化利益3、国际均衡价格4、生产可能性边界5、开放经济6、封闭经济7、贸易条件二、是非判断题1、国际经济学是研究稀缺资源在世界范围内的有效分配，以及在此过程中发生的经济活动和经济关系的科学。

（）2、国际经济学是经济学的分支学科，是建立在微观经济学和宏观经济学基础上的。

（）3、国际经济学经历了重商主义、自由贸易和现代国际经济学理论多层面发展的三个阶段。

它是伴随着国际经济活动的不断增加而逐渐完善起来的。

（）4、与一般经济学的研究方法相同，国际贸易理论在分析上也分为实证分析和规范分析两种。

（）5、国际贸易理论分析不涉及货币因素，考虑各国货币制度的差异与关系的影响。

（）6、大多数国际贸易理论都是一种静态或比较静态分析，时间因素在国际贸易理论中较多体现。

（）7、没有贸易价格差的存在，就不会发生国际贸易。

（）三、单项选择题1、国际经济学在研究资源配置时，作为划分界限的基本经济单位是A、企业B、个人C、政府D、国家（）2、从国际经济资源流动的难度看，最容易流动的要素是A、商品B、资本C、人员D、技术（）3、若贸易的开展导致社会无差异曲线向远离坐标原点的方向移动，则判定贸易对该国是A、有益B、有害C、不变D、不能判断（）4、消费点在同一条社会无差异曲线上移动，表示整个国家的福利水平A、增加B、减少C、不变D、不能判断（）5、在封闭经济条件下，下列不属于一国经济一般均衡的条件的是A、生产达到均衡B、消费达到均衡6、国际贸易建立的基础是A、绝对价格B、相对价格C、不变价格D、以上三种都不是（）7、在封闭经济条件下，A国X商品的相对价格低于B国X商品的相对价格，我们称A国在X商品上具有A、绝对优势B、比较优势C、没有优势D、以上三种都不是（）8、一国从国际贸易中所获利益的多寡取决于A、市场占有率B、技术优势C、竞争优势D、贸易条件（）四、简述题：1、试用图形分析国际贸易的交换利益和专业化利益。

《国际经济学》章节测试答案

《国际经济学》章节测试答案国际贸易理论（一）1.答案哪位经济学家为开放的宏观经济学做出主要贡献？（）A、庇古B、凯恩斯C、李嘉图D、亚当·斯密正确答案：B2.国际经济学的主要内容包括（）。

A、国际金融理论及其对策B、开放经济下的宏观经济学C、国际贸易理论及其对策D、企业利润最大化的产量决定正确答案：ABC3.在资源稀缺条件下，如何对资源进行有效配置是西方经济学研究的主要问题。

（）正确答案：√4.马克思主义经济学的分支之一是国际经济学。

（）正确答案：×国际贸易理论（二）1.答案宏观经济学主要讨论的内容不包括( )。

A、经济增长B、物价稳定C、生产要素D、充分就业正确答案：C2.答案宏观经济学是( )创立的。

A、亚当·斯密B、凯恩斯C、大卫·李嘉图D、大卫·威尔兹正确答案：B3.萨伊认为生产要素包括( )。

A、资本B、价值C、劳动D、土地正确答案：ACD4.1355年的美国,就已存在有关国际贸易的统计资料。

( )正确答案：×5.国际经济学理论的基本着眼点是价格、交换、均衡、效益和福利。

( )正确答案：√国际贸易理论（三）1.答案经济学与国际经济学两者在经济运行机制层面的异同不包括( )。

A、要素流动的自由程度B、经济交往的媒介C、经济运行的主体D、经济调控手段程度与范围正确答案：C2.答案现代经济学最大的难点问题在于( )。

A、形而上学B、不确定性C、抽象能力D、稳定性正确答案：B3.答案曾成功预测亚洲金融危机的经济学家是( )。

A、罗伯特·蒙代尔B、格林斯潘C、亚当·斯密D、克鲁格曼正确答案：D4.国际经济学是在传统的国际贸易和国际金融理论基础上发展起来的。

( )正确答案：√5.大卫·李嘉图在古典经济模型中的经典假设是要素在国与国之间是可以充分流动的。

( )正确答案：×国际贸易理论（四）1.答案( )的观点认为“国际经济学与国内区际经济学所研究的问题存在程度上的不同”。

国际经济学复习课后答案

国际经济学复习课后答案 Last revision date: 13 December 2020.第一章练习与答案1．为什么说生产和消费只取决于相对价格？ 2．答：经济主体的经济行为考虑的是所有商品的价格，而不是单一价格因素。

3.在只有两种商品的情况下，当一个商品达到均衡时，另外一个商品是否也同时达到均衡？试解释原因。

答案：是4.如果生产可能性边界是一条直线，试确定过剩供给（或需求）曲线。

答案提示：5.如果改用Y 商品的过剩供给曲线（B 国）和过剩需求曲线（A 国）来确定国际均衡价格，那么所得出的结果与图1—13中的结果是否一致？答案提示：不一定一致，x 商品的价格是Px/Py ，而y 商品的价格是Py/Px. 7.如果国际贸易发生在一个大国和一个小国之间，那么贸易后，国际相对价格更接近于哪一个国家在封闭下的相对价格水平？答案提示：贸易后，国际相对价格将更接近于大国在封闭下的相对价格水平。

8.根据上一题的答案，你认为哪个国家在国际贸易中福利改善程度更为明显些？答案提示：小国。

第二章答案1．根据下面两个表中的数据，确定（1）贸易前的相对价格；（2）比较优势型态。

表1 X 、Y 的单位产出所需的劳动投入A BX Y6 215 12表2 X 、Y 的单位产出所需的劳动投入A B X Y10 45 5答案提示：首先将劳动投入转化为劳动生产率，然后应用与本章正文中一样的方法进行比较。

（表2-2（a ）和表2-2（b ）部分的内容）2．假设A 、B 两国的生产技术条件如下所示，那么两国还有进行贸易的动机吗？解释原因。

表3 X 、Y 的单位产出所需的劳动投入A B X Y4 28 4答案提示：从绝对优势来看，两国当中A 国在两种产品中都有绝对优势；从比较优势来看，两国不存在相对技术差异。

所以，两国没有进行国际贸易的动机。

3．如果一国在某一商品上具有绝对优势，那么也必具有比较优势吗？ 4．答案提示：不一定，比较优势的确定原则是两优取最优，两劣取最劣。

国际经济学部分答案(详细解答过程)

国际经济学习题答案第一章1．为什么说在决定生产和消费时，相对价格比绝对价格更重要？答案提示：当生产处于生产边界线上，资源则得到了充分利用，这时，要想增加某一产品的生产，必须降低另一产品的生产，也就是说，增加某一产品的生产是有机会机本（或社会成本）的。