大学体验英语英语视听说教程3-U2
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6
Background Information
How to Define Nature vs. Nurture Theories There are three distinctive schools of thought. 1. Personality is Natural: This group believes that your personality is the result of evolutionary process. You inherit behaviors due to a complex interaction of genes. That controls your behaviors, so you don’t have the ability to act otherwise. 2. Personality is Nurtured: This group argues that your personality is not inherited. Your mind is a blank slate( 白板） at birth. It is your environment, education and culture that influence your behavior. You have “free will” to change your behavior. 3. Personality is Spiritual: This group claims that your personality is result of neither nature nor nurture. It is a gift of a deity（神性）. They are split on the issue of “free will”.
7
Background Information
Nature vs. Nurture Theories and Evolutionary Psychology Darwin’s theory of evolution led William Hamilton, George Williams and many others to the idea of personality evolution. They propose that, like physical organs, your personality is the result of natural selection for survival of the fittest. You do as your genes dictate. They suggest that fear of death, fear of injury, fear of snakes, shyness, addiction, criminality and sexual orientation are examples of heritable behaviors. Steven Pinker (2004) includes religiousness, liberalism（开明） and conservativeness on the list. William Paley considers cognitive capabilities（认 知能力）, temperaments（气质） and cheating behaviors heritable.
UNIT 2
NatFra Baidu bibliotekre or Nurture?
Quetu
1
Quetu
It’s not that I’m so smart; it’s just that I stay with problems longer.
Albert Einstein
2
What do you know about Albert Einstein?
Where is he from? What did he achieve? Stories in his childhood his marriage his manner ......
3
Nature or Nurture?
• Elbert Einstein is probably the most influntial scientist and greatest physicist of the 20th century. He revolutionized our ideas about time and space, and he is best known for his theory of relativity and his equation E=MC2, which explians the relationship between energy and mass. By age 30 he was considered by many to be one of the worlds greatest scientific thinkers.
4
Unit Overview Background Information Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Home listening Supplementary Reading
5
Unit Overview
What led to Einstein’s success? This has been discussed for a long time. In thi s unit, two contrasting views on this issue will be presented. Students will get to know Nature vs. Nurture theories through listening, viewing and reading. Various activities will inspire students to talk about the nature-nurture argument by using the words and expressions in this unit. And finally, they will conduct a project on Einstein with their peers.
Background Information
How to Define Nature vs. Nurture Theories There are three distinctive schools of thought. 1. Personality is Natural: This group believes that your personality is the result of evolutionary process. You inherit behaviors due to a complex interaction of genes. That controls your behaviors, so you don’t have the ability to act otherwise. 2. Personality is Nurtured: This group argues that your personality is not inherited. Your mind is a blank slate( 白板） at birth. It is your environment, education and culture that influence your behavior. You have “free will” to change your behavior. 3. Personality is Spiritual: This group claims that your personality is result of neither nature nor nurture. It is a gift of a deity（神性）. They are split on the issue of “free will”.
7
Background Information
Nature vs. Nurture Theories and Evolutionary Psychology Darwin’s theory of evolution led William Hamilton, George Williams and many others to the idea of personality evolution. They propose that, like physical organs, your personality is the result of natural selection for survival of the fittest. You do as your genes dictate. They suggest that fear of death, fear of injury, fear of snakes, shyness, addiction, criminality and sexual orientation are examples of heritable behaviors. Steven Pinker (2004) includes religiousness, liberalism（开明） and conservativeness on the list. William Paley considers cognitive capabilities（认 知能力）, temperaments（气质） and cheating behaviors heritable.
UNIT 2
NatFra Baidu bibliotekre or Nurture?
Quetu
1
Quetu
It’s not that I’m so smart; it’s just that I stay with problems longer.
Albert Einstein
2
What do you know about Albert Einstein?
Where is he from? What did he achieve? Stories in his childhood his marriage his manner ......
3
Nature or Nurture?
• Elbert Einstein is probably the most influntial scientist and greatest physicist of the 20th century. He revolutionized our ideas about time and space, and he is best known for his theory of relativity and his equation E=MC2, which explians the relationship between energy and mass. By age 30 he was considered by many to be one of the worlds greatest scientific thinkers.
4
Unit Overview Background Information Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Home listening Supplementary Reading
5
Unit Overview
What led to Einstein’s success? This has been discussed for a long time. In thi s unit, two contrasting views on this issue will be presented. Students will get to know Nature vs. Nurture theories through listening, viewing and reading. Various activities will inspire students to talk about the nature-nurture argument by using the words and expressions in this unit. And finally, they will conduct a project on Einstein with their peers.