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作者：Russell D

期刊：World Review of Intermodal Transportation Research第3卷，第1期，151-160

原文

The study on the development pattern of port logistics

Russell D

Abstract

World port logistics development mode of port management and port logistics operation mode, among them, the port management mode is the foundation, is the essence of the port logistics operation model constraint. With the port development course, the world of port management mode is gradually changing. At present, the management mode of typical ports in the world are mainly represented by the Hong Kong port of private enterprise management mode and represented by Singapore's port of the common management mode, etc. This paper probes into the world, summarized the typical port logistics development mode analysis, provide enlightenment for the development of port logistics.

Keywords: Port logistics; Operate pattern; Port management

1 Port management pattern

1.1 Private enterprise management pattern

Private enterprise management mode refers to the investment in infrastructure construction and port management is carried out by private enterprise management mode. Completely by the private management of ports in the world is not much, more representative is Hong Kong port. Almost all the port of Hong Kong port facilities built by private investment and management, the container terminal completely follow the policy of free port. In kwai chung port, for example, the terminal of 19 container berth respectively by hutchison whampoa, the United States marines, Hyundai and Cosco (with hutchison whampoa, the joint venture) four companies management, port of the private enterprise business rarely by government intervention, a

market-oriented, completely independent pricing. Private management pattern is the main characteristic of management market, high efficiency, but because the private enterprise capital scale and the capital required for port investment operation scale, there is a huge gap, therefore this model will be restricted to a certain extent port of long-term investment and planning and development.

1.2 Common management pattern

In the common management mode, the port is invested and managed by the government, state-owned enterprises, and private enterprises jointly. This model is not only the world's most common mode of port management, is also the government and state enterprises management mode port development direction and trend of the reform. This trend is also known as port of commercialization or privatization, the main characteristic is to break the single port by the state or government management mode, to minimize the government directly participate in the management of port operation, the Singapore port management belongs to the pattern. Singapore port after the port management system reform, the original port authority is divided into Singapore bureau of shipping and port and Singapore port group. Shipping and port bureau mainly deal with port and shipping regulation and technical problems, it is mainly undertake the port investment, operation and management functions. To Singapore port privatization reform brought great benefit, not only to enhance the enterprise staff's service consciousness, and thus reduce the operation cost and improve the operation efficiency, and increase the enterprise overseas investment, further consolidate the Singapore port in the advantage position in the international shipping.

2 Operation pattern analyses of port logistics

In the context of port management model, after long-term exploration and practice, in the world at present has formed four typical port logistics operation mode, including the landlord type logistics center mode, joint venture type logistics center model and independent model of logistics center and supply chain model and joint logistics center.

2.1 The port of Rotterdam logistics operation mode