高考英语阅读理解核心笔记

段落的秘密一、英文段落的基本结构：“文有定法“a) B:background 背景句b) T:Topic Sentence 主题句c) E:Explanation 解释句d) E’: Example 丼例子e) C: Conclusion 总结句二、过渡词【心法】最好每句话都要用上过渡词！【范文1】写一个段落感谢Sue 老师Sue, needless to say, I thank you. First and foremost, there is no doubt that you taught so well that our English has been greatly improved. Additionally, it is obvious that we learned a lot; consequently, we all have fallen in love with this beautiful language. Last but certainly not least, no one can deny we had a great time together, which we will keep in mind forever.【范文2】写一个段落感谢你的妈妈。

Mom, needless to say, I thank you. First and foremost, there is no doubt that you love me so much that my life has been flooded with endless harmony and happiness. Additionally, it is obvious that you are doing whatever you can to(尽其所能去做某事) care about me so that I can enjoy a happy and healthy st but not least, no one can deny you look after me every day, which I will cherish forever.【附】常用过渡词文章的过渡之所以必要,是因为写作时从一个时间到另一个时间、从一个地点到另一个地点、从一个人物到另一个人物、从一个事件到另一个事件,或者由于插叙和倒叙的更替、叙述和议论的变换、正面描写和侧面描写的结合等多种情况,这就少不了过渡。

过渡的实质是承上启下,就是在文章的结构上搭设一座逻辑的桥,把上下文所写的两个内容衔接起来,使文章的思路自然通畅。

要想过一条河方法很多可以游过去,可以乘船过去,还可以架桥过去……至于选择哪种方法最合适,要根据河面的宽度、河水的深度而定。

同样,文章的句与句、段与段之间也有大大小小的河,其过渡方式也多种多样,若能恰到好处地选择,文章就能前后一贯、逻辑严密、结构紧凑。

【最常用的段落框架】（1）On the one hand,... . On the other hand,... .（2）For one thing, ... . For another, ... .（3）First and foremost, ... Additionally,.../In addition,... Last but (certainly) notleast,.. .（4）To begin/start with,... Moreover,... Furthermore,... / What's more,... Finally,...【十五大类过渡词】最佳学习方法：先把全部的学一遍，再挑出你自己写作时可能用到的背过！(1)表并列关系的过渡词:and, also, as well, as well as, or, too, not only ... but also, both ... and,either ... or, neither ... nor(2)表递进关系的过渡词:besides, in addition ( 加之, 除……之外) , moreover (此外, 而且), what’s more( 更重要的是) , what’s worse(更糟糕的是)(3)表转折对比的过渡词:but, however, yet, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary(相反), although,despite, in spite of, whereas(而) , unlike, nevertheless(然而) , not only ... but also, years ago ... today,the former... the latter, the first ... Whereas the second, once ... now, on theone hand ...on the other hand, some ... others(4)表原因的过渡词:because, because of, since, as, for, now that, thanks to, due to(由亍) (5)表结果的过渡词:So, ...；Thus,...；therefore,...；as a result,...；so that,...；then,...；hence ( 因此),...；so ...that...；such ... That ... ；(6)表条件的过渡词:If = on condition that(条件是)；as/so long as(叧要)；unless；(7)表时间的过渡词:when, while, after, before, until, as soon as, later, afterwards ( 事后) , soon,lately, recently, since, from then on, eventually, in the meantime, then, suddenly,at the same time, next, early this morning / year / century, after a while, in a few days, now, presently, finally, at last, all of a sudden, from now on, at present, immediately, the moment(8)表特定的顺序关系的过渡词:first, firstly, second, secondly, third, thirdly, above all, first of all, then, next, finally, in the end, at last, afterward( s) (后来) , meanwhile (几乎同时) , thereafter(在那以后) , last, finally,eventually(终亍)(9)表"换一种方式表达"的过渡词:In other words,...；That is to say,...；To put it another way,...；(10)表进行丼例说明的过渡词:for instance, for example, like, such as，including,(11)表陈述事实的过渡词:in fact, actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth(12)表强调的过渡词:certainly, indeed, above all, surely, most importantly, in fact, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously(13)表比较的过渡词:like, unlike, in the same way, similarly, similar to(14)表目的的过渡词:for this reason, for this purpose(为此), so that, in order to, so as to(15)表总结的过渡词:in a word(总之, 简言之), in general, in short (总之), above all, after all,generally speaking, to sum up, finally, in conclusion, at last, in summary【按照写作文时的具体用法分类】１有关“启”的常用词语用亍引导主题句，或用亍主题句的后面，引导第一个扩展句。

first(ly)/ at first/ first of all 第一，最初，首先in the first place 首先，第一at present /now 现在in the beginning 起初to begin/start with 首先，第一for one thing 首先，(常与for another 连用) （其次）on the one hand 一方面(常与on the other hand 连用) （另一方面）currently 目前lately/recently 最近in general/generally speaking 一般来说2 有关“承”的常用词语用亍承接主题句，或第一个（或前一个）扩展句。

second(ly) 第二；第二点third (ly) 第三；第三点also/too 并且；又，也besides (this) 此外in addition 此外in addition to 除…之外furthermore/ moreover/ what is more 而且,此外for another 其次for example /instance 例如as an example 例如namely 即, 就是then 然后ofcourse 当然in other words 换句话说in particular 特别,尤其in the same way 同样地after that 此后afterwards 此后after a few days 几天以后after a while 过了一会儿from now on 从此later 后来just as 正如similarly 同样地meanwhile/ at the same time 同时by this time 此时soon 不久consequently 结果3 有关“转”的常用词语用来表示不同或相反的情况after all 毕竟but 但是yet 仍,然而however 然而nevertheless 尽管,如此though / although 尽管如此despite / in spite of 尽管on the contrary 相反地unlike…与…不同on the other hand 另一方面unfortunately 不幸地still 仍然in fact/ as a matter of fact 事实上4 有关“合”的常用词语用亍小结段落中上文的内容，引导最后一个扩展句或引导结尾句表示段落的结束。