现在完成时和一般过去时的区别

现在完成时和一般过去时的区别

现在完成时和一般过去时都表示一个在过去完成的动作，但现在完成时强调的是与现在的关系，如对现在产生的结果或影响等，属于现在时范围，谈论的是现在的情况。而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系，现在情况可能已发生变化。

Who opened the door? (“谁开的门？”只强调过去开门这一动作，门现在可能已关上。)

Who has opened the door? (“谁把门开了？”强调门现在依然还开着。)

◇现在完成时不能与明确的过去时间状语连用，如：three days ago, last year, yesterday, last Sunday, in 2008等等。如句中有以上这些明确的过去时间状语，应用一般过去时。再有，过去发生的一个动作，

如现在情况已经发生的变化，也应用一般过去时。

☆特别提醒：如果这些过去时间状语前有since，表示“自过去某一时间一直延续到现在”，应用现在完成时。

He finished reading the book the day before yesterday.

I put my ruler in my pencil-box, but I can’t find it now.

My cousin has been in Nanjing since 2009.

◇现在完成时不与when引导的特殊疑问句连用，when后只用一般过去时表示已发生的动作。但现在完成时可与where, why等疑问词连用。如：Where have you been? (你去过哪里了？) ----The train has left.

----When did the train leave?

◇since引导的时间状语从句后面用一般过去时，只有前面的主句才用现在完成时。

We have known each other since we came to the school two years ago.

◇有些时间状语，如this morning, this month, tonight等，既可以与一般过去时连用，又可以与现在完成时连用，但内涵不同。与一般过去时连用时，表示与“现在”无关，时间已成为过去。而与现在完成时连用，则表示包括“现在”在内。

I saw him this morning. (时间已不在上午了。)

I have seen him this morning. (说话时间还是上午。)

He lived in New York for eight years. (他现在已经不在纽约住了。)

He has lived in New York for eight years. (他现在还在纽约居住。)

◇同步练习

动词填空：

1. I ___________(see) Tom last Friday.

2. ________you ________(go) to the Great Wall last summer?

3. ----Where ______ you ______(put) my pen?

----I _______(put) it in my pencil-box, but it’s nowhere to be found.

4. When ______ you _______(start) to live in China?

5. ----The train ____________ (leave) already.

----When ________ the train _________(leave)?

6. It is five years since I ________(meet) you last.

7. Where _______ you ______(be) for the last two weeks?

8. I _________ (lose) my pen in the bedroom. I have to write with a pencil.

单项选择：

( ) 1. ----Where _______ the recorder? I can’t see it anywhere.

---- I _______ it right here. But now it’s gone!

A. did you put; have put

B. have you put; put

C. had you put; was putting

D. were you putting; have put

( ) 2. My father ________ here since he _______ to this school.

A. taught; came

B. has taught; came

C. taught; has come

D. has taught; has come

( ) 3. I am sorry you’ve missed the train. It _______ 10 minutes ago. (山东)

A. left

B. has left

C. has been left

D. had left

( ) 4. Hi! Jim! Nice to meet you again! It’s one year since I last ________ you.(重庆)

A. saw

B. see

C. seeing

D. have seen

( ) 5. ---- Have you visited the Dinosaur World, Elsa? （宁波）

---- Yes, I _____ it yesterday.

A. have visited

B. had visited

C. visited

D. visit

( ) 6. ---- Nice to see you. I _______ you for a long time. (南京)

---- I ______ in Bejing. I’ve just come back.

A. hadn’t seen; am

B. haven’t seen; was

C. didn’t see; will be

D. ha ven’t seen; shall be

( ) 7. ----What is the weather like this summer here?

---- There ______ very little rain.

A. has

B. has been

C. are

D. have been

( ) 8. When _____you _______ your dictionary?

A. did; lose

B. has; lost

C. will; lose

D. does; lose

( ) 9. Where ______ you _______? Which answer is not right?

A. are; going

B. have; been

C. did; go

D. are; doing

( ) 10. There ______ many great changes in my hometown since ten years ago.

A. were

B. have

C. are

D. have been

Keys:

动词填空：

1. saw

2. Did, go

3. have, put, put

4. did, start

5. has left, did, leave

6. met

7. have, been

8. have lost

单项选择：

1~5 BBAAC 6~10 BBADD

现在完成时练习题

一、单项选择

1. Li Hong has ________ the army for 2 years.

A. joined

B. be in

C. been in

D. joined in

2. We have been friends since ______.

A. children

B. five years

C. five years ago

D. five years before

3. Mike ___________ the story for a month.

A. has bought

B. has had

C. had had

D. has borrowed