山东专升本英语考试翻译历年真题解析

英译汉

词汇的翻译

Experts have long thought that depression could be bad for your heart. A new research demonstrates just how dangerous it can be.

专家们长期以来就认为抑郁症会对心脏有害，最近的一项研究证明了这种危害有多大。

In the end, they found that people with major depression were at least three times as likely to die of heart disease as were patients who weren’t depressed.

最终，他们发现患有严重抑郁症的人死于心脏病的可能性至少是正常人的三倍。

His ignorance of the company’s financial situation resulted in his failure to take effective measures.

他对公司财务状况一无所知，结果未能采取有效措施。

Although some areas suffered from serious natural disasters, the total grain output was higher than that of last year.

虽然有些地区遭受了严重的自然灾害，但是粮食总产量还是比去年高。

For one reason or another, all countries impose trade barriers on certain goods crossing their border.

由于种种原因，所有国家对通过他们边境的某种商品都强行设置贸易壁垒。

Every employer wants and needs employees who can suggest improvements in an honest and constructive manner.

每位雇主都希望有以诚实积极态度提出改进意见的雇员。

The words and phrases given in this dictionary are those that are likely to be needed by every person.

本字典提供的单词和词组是每个人都有可能要用的。

As far as an Advertising and Sales Manager is concerned, excellent oral English is also a necessary requirement.

对广告和销售经理而言，娴熟的英语口语能力也是必要的条件。

It is reported that so far, foreign insurance companies have made their way into 19 cities in China.

据报道，迄今为止，外国保险公司已进驻中国19个城市。

Air moves from places where the pressure is high to places where the pressure is low.

空气从压力高的地方向压力低的地方流动。

英文句式的翻译

状语前移

All lawyers have had expensive and highly specialized training, and they work long, difficult hours for the money they earn.

？所有律师都要经过费用高昂、极为专业化的训练，而且他们的收入都是通过长时间辛苦工作才得来的。

？The people there will pay two or three times as much as they used to pay for a house.

那里的人们买一栋房子将比过去多付一两倍的钱。

那里的人们买一栋房子所付的价钱将是过去的一倍或两倍。

定语从句

前置法

译作状语法

The are just a few of the many situations in which the men and the women who are public interest lawyers serve to extend justice throughout the country.

作为公益律师的人们(在各种场合开展工作?)，在全国播散正义，以上提到的只是其中的几个实例而已。

增词法

增词译法主要是添加原文中虽无形式却意在其中的成分。

Pessimistic forecasts say that there is only enough coal for 450 years, enough natural gas for 50 years and that oil might run out in 30 years.

根据悲观论者的预测，现有的煤矿仅够使用450年，天然气仅够使用50年，而石油则可能在30年内枯竭。

汉译英

语法方面的扩充

汉语习惯省略句子主语，没有系动词和冠词，也没有像形式主语或形式宾语那样的句型。

据估计已经有1000万人从这项工程中获益。

It is estimated that about 10 million people have benefited from the project.（补充上形式主语）

调整语序

调整状语、定语的位置

如果你想获得成功，除了努力工作以外别无选择。

You have no choice but to work hard if you want to succeed.（状语后置）

他把所有的闲暇时间都用来学习英语，目的就是尽快适应国外的生活。

He spent all his spare time (in) learning English in order to adapt to life abroad as soon as possible.(状语后置)

我们应该勇敢地面对遇到的任何困难，否则我们就无法取得更大的进步。

We should face bravely any difficulties we meet with, otherwise we cannot make greater progress.（定语后置）

我代表公司对你所做的一切表示感谢。

On behalf of the company, I would like to thank you for all you have done.(定语后置)

我们最关心的是那个城市的饮用水质量。

What we are concerned about most is the quality of drinking water in the city.（定语顺序）

改译法

尽管警察怀疑这名年轻人，但还没有足够证据证明他就是罪犯。

Although they suspected the young man, the police had not enough evidence to prove that he was guilty.（名词变为形容词）一些词语的翻译

高昂的学费使一些贫穷的学生不能进入大学。

The high tuition discourage some poor students from entering colleges.

在我们做出决定前，必须确定我们已经将所有相关因素考虑进去了。

Before we come to a decision, we must make sure that we have taken all the relevant factors into consideration.

他会讲法语、德语、西班牙语，更不用说英语了。

He can speak French, German and Spanish, not to mention English.

省译法

省译法是指为了使英语翻译符合英语语言的规范，省略汉语行文中的多余词语，以使英语译文更加流畅自然。

鉴于政府在解决失业问题上效果不佳，他们在选举中获胜的机会似乎不大。

？Given the government’s record on unemployment, their chance of winning the election look poor.

我仍然记得20年前我第一次遇到我的老师的情景。

I can still remember the first time I met my teacher twenty years ago.

特殊句式

是我们的所为和所不为决定着我们的未来。

It is what we do and what we do not do that determines our future.（强调句）他要是知道她的电话，就用不着费那么多事儿了。

It might have saved him some trouble,had he known her telephone number.(虚拟语气)

其他

比尔盖茨是世界上最富裕的人，没有他买不起的东西。

Bill Gates is the richest person in the world; there is nothing he can’t afford.