美国文学史概述及选读复习

美国文学史

American Literature in the colonical and Revolutionary:

1.Benjamin Franklin(本杰明.富兰克林)

2.hilip Freneau 菲利普·费瑞诺

Benjamin Franklin(本杰明.富兰克林)

1)"Poor Richard's Almanac" 穷人查理德的年鉴(以笔名Richard Sunders)

2)“annual collection of proverbs “流行谚语集(It soon became the most popular book

of its kind, largely because of Franklin's shrewd humor, and first spread his reputation) 3)The Way to Wealth (Father Abraham’s Sermon)致富之道(as the “perface to Poor Richard

Improved)

4)The Autobiography自传(18世纪美国唯一流传至今的自传)

5)Founded the Junto, a club for informal discussion of scientific, economic and political

ideas. 建立了一个秘密俱乐部，讨论的主题是政治、经济和科学等时事方面的问题.

6)established America's first circulating library, founded the college--University of

Pennsylvania. 建立了美国第一个可租借的图书馆，还创办了一所大学——就是现在的宾夕法尼亚大学.

7)first applied the terms "positive" and "negative" to electrical charges.

8)Writer,printer,publisher,scientist,philanthropist,and diplomat,he was the most famous

and respected private figure of his time.

The Rising Glory of America蒸蒸日上的美洲；

The British Prison Ship英国囚船；

To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇士-----同类诗中最佳；

The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金银花；

The Indian Burying Ground印第安人殡葬地

(1)poet and political journalist 诗人和政治方面的新闻记者

(2)perhaps the most outstanding writer of the post-revolutionary period.

(3)has been called the "Father of American Poetry" 美国诗歌之父

(4)Imaginative and melancholy treatment of nature and human life,and sharp satire against the British tyranny

19th Century American Literature

Washington Irving(华盛顿.欧文)

1．James Fenimore Cooper(詹姆斯.芬尼莫.库珀)

2．Nathaniel Hawthorne(纳萨尼尔.霍桑)

3．Edgar Allan Poe （埃德加.阿伦.坡）

4．Henry Daived Thoreau(亨利.戴维.梭罗)

5．Herman Melville(赫尔曼.麦尔维尔)

6．Walt Whiteman(沃尔特.惠特曼)

The Rise of American Romanticism

• One of the most important periods in the history of American literature, stretches from the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of the Civil War(1861-65).

• It started with the publication of Washin gton Irving's e The h Sketch Book(1820) and ended with Whitman's s Leaves f of Grass(1855).

.Romanticism的特点：frequently shared certain general characteristics, moral enthusiam,

faith in the value of individualism and intuitive perception, and a

presumption that he natural world was a source of corruption.浪漫主

义之间大多是相通的，都注重道德，强调个人主义价值观和直觉感受，并

且认为自然是美的源头，人类社会是腐败之源。

Transcendentalism :Transcendentalists place emphasis on the importance of the Over-soul,

the individual and Nature. The most important representatives are

Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau.

.

Washington Irving(华盛顿.欧文)

A History of New York(《纽约外史》)A History of New York 纽约的历史-----美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作； The Sketch Book见闻札记The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡谷的传说-----使之成为美国第一个获

得国际声誉的作家；

The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon(《见闻札记》收录了The legend of the Sleepy Hollow 《睡谷的传说》和Rip Van Winkle《瑞普.凡.温克尔》等名篇,开创了美国短篇小说的传统) The Tales of a Traveller,(《旅人述异》)

The Alhambra阿尔罕伯拉

A HIstory of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus(《哥伦布的生平和航行》)

1)the first great belletrist 第一个纯文学作家，

2)The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon(《见闻札记》the first modern short stories and the first great

American juvenile literature.现代文学史上第一部短篇小说和美国第一部伟大的青少年文学读物。

3)Irving restored the waning Gothic romances which Poe soon infused with psychological subtleties。重

振了没落的哥特式浪漫主义小说，随后坡在此基础上，把心理学的一些知识融入了这种体裁。4)He was the first American to gain the stature of a major poet.第一个获得美国主要诗人称号的作家