2013届高考英语一轮总复习精选 动词不定式用法

2013届高考英语一轮总复习精选动词不定式用法基本形式是to do，否定式是在前面加not，即not to do。

我经常以不同的身份出现在许多场合，在句中我可以充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等各种句子成分，一起来看看吧！
1. 不定式作主语。

例如：To learn is my duty. 学习是我的责任。

作主语的不定式较长时，常用it作形式主语，而动词不定式作真正的主语。

如：
It’s my duty to look after the babies. 照看那些婴儿是我的职责。

【注意】句中不定式需要有逻辑主语时，常用for+名词(或代词)+不定式，构成不定式的复合结构。

如：It’s hard for him to finish this work. 对他来说完成这项工作很难。

2.不定式作宾语。

例如：I want to visit my old friend. 我想去探望我的老朋友。

3.不定式作宾语补足语。

例如：He asked me to open the door. 他叫我打开门。

【注意】当句中的谓语动词为使役动词（make, let等）或感官动词（see,watch,hear等）时，作宾语补足语的不定式需省略to，但在被动语态中不能省略。

如：
I saw him go into the house. 我看见他走进了那座房子。

He was seen to go into the house. 他被看到走进了那座房子。

4. 不定式作定语。

不定式作定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。

例如：
I have a lot of homework to do. 我有很多作业要做。

【注意】不定式与它所修饰的词之间往往有“动宾关系”，这就要求不定式中的动词是及物动词或不及物动词后加介词。

例如：
Give me some paper to write on. 请给我一些写字的纸。

We have two questions to talk about. 我们有两个问题要讨论。

She has no room to live in. 她没有房子可住。

5. 不定式作表语。

不定式可以放在be动词后面形成表语。

例如：
She doesn’t seem to like the idea. 她似乎不喜欢这个主意。

My wish is to fly into space. 我的理想是飞入太空。

6. 不定式作状语。

不定式作状语主要用来表示行为的目的。

例如：
He went to the shop to buy some books. 他去商店买了几本书。

【注意】为了强调目的还可以用in order (not) to do结构。

如：
We must work hard (in order) to learn English well. 为了学好英语我们必须努力学习。

7. “疑问词＋不定式”结构
疑问词who, which, what, when, where, how等与不定式连用，构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。

例如：
When to start has not been decided. 何时动身还未决定。

（作主语）
I don’t know where to go. 我不知道去哪里。

（作宾语）
The question is how to use the machine. 问题是怎么使用这个机器。

（作表语）
实战演练：
1. — What should I do, doctor?
— ______ healthy, you should take more exercise.
A. Keep
B. Keeping
C. To keep
D. Having kept
2. —My dad bought me a new MP4, but I don’t
know ______.
—Let’s read the instructions.
A. what to use
B. which one to use
C. how to use it
D. when to use it
3. — The lady tried ______ away from the bad man.
A. ran
B. to run
C. runs
D. run
4. — Will you please show me how to do the roll-
play exercise?
— Sure. Now let me tell you ______ first.
A. which to do
B. where to do
C. when to do
D. what to do
5. — There goes the bell.
—It’s time for class. Let’s stop ______.
A. talk
B. to talk
C. talking
D. not talks
6. — My parents always tell me ______ others late
at night.
—They’re right. It’s not polite.
A. call
B. not call
C. to call
D. not to call
7. —Linda, I’m very thirsty.
—Let’s go to the nearest supermarket ______
some drinks, OK?
A. buy
B. bought
C. to buy
D. buying
8. Alice asked me ______ another bag for her.
A. get
B. got
C. to get
D. getting
9．Who was the first one ______?
A．to reach B. to arrive
C．to get to D．to arrive at
10. The young man was often seen ______ by the
lake.
A．to draw B．to drawing
C. draw D．drew
Key：
1-5CCBDC 6-10 DCCBA
第1关热身体验
I. 判断下列句子中画线部分作什么句子成分。

1. It’s a good habit to have breakfast every day.
2. Mr Black said he had an important meeting to attend.
3. Taotao decided to go abroad for education.
4. What I can do now is to cook for my mother because she is ill.
5. He returned home to find his friend waiting for him.
6. The old man sat down to have a rest.
7. Who taught you to play the guitar?
8. The room is not big enough to live in.
II. 同义句转换。

The girl is so short that she can’t reach the apple on the table.
①The girl is ______ short ______ ______ the apple on the table.
②The girl is not ______ _______ ______ ______ the apple on the table.
第2关融会贯通
动词不定式的基本形式是“to＋动词原形”，有时可以不带to。

动词不定式（或不定式短语）没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能单独作谓语。

动词不定式仍保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。

同时，动词不定式可与它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。

动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。

1. 作主语作主语用的动词不定式常常用it替代，动词不定式（或短语）则被替换到后面。

如：It’s easy to get lost in a big city like Tokyo. 在东京这样的大城市容易迷路。

2. 作表语如：The ol d man’s job is to take care of the flowers in the garden. 这位老人的工作是照料花园里的花。

3. 作宾语如：Indians like to eat hot food. 印度人喜欢吃辣味食品。

【特别提示】有的动词不定式在作带有宾语补足语的宾语时，前面往往带有形式宾语it。

如：I find it useful to learn English well. 我发现学好英语很有用。

4. 作宾语补足语如：Please ask John to turn on the light. 请让约翰打开灯。

5. 作定语动词不定式作定语时，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。

如：
New York is a nice place to visit. 纽约是个游览的好地方。

6. 作状语
(1) 表目的如：To catch the early bus, I got up early this morning. 为了赶上早班车，我今天早晨早早就起床了。

(2) 表结果不定式作结果状语从句的句型有两种：
①too + 形容词/副词+ to do sth. 如：The Dead Sea is too salty to swim. 死海的水太咸了，难以游泳。

②enough + 名词+ to do sth.或形容词/ 副词+ enough to do sth. 如：There is just enough time to catch the train. 赶这班火车，时间正好够。

Key:
I. 1. 主语2. 定语3. 宾语4. 表语5. 结果状语6. 目的状语7. 宾语补足语
8. 状语
II. ① too; to reach ② tall enough to reach。