1.用系统命名法命名下列化合物

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西北师范大学化学化工学院 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University
9.卤代烷和氢氧化钠在水与乙醇混合物中进行反应,下列反应情况中那 些属于历程,那些则属于历程? (1)一级卤代烷速率大于三级卤代烷;
3-溴环己烯 5-溴-1,3-环己二烯
Br
溴代环己烷
答案:
7. (1)
KOH C2H5OH
Br (2) KOH C2H5OH
Br (3) KOH C2H5OH
反应速率:(2)>(1)>(3)
西北师范大学化学化工学院 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University
(4) (CH3)2CHCH2Cl + H2O (CH3)2CHCH2I + H2O
(CH3)2CHCH2OH + Cl(CH3)2CHCH2OH + I-
西北师范大学化学化工学院 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University
(2)碱的浓度增加,反应速率无明显变化;
(3)二步反应,第一步反是决定速率的步骤;
(4)增加溶剂的含水量,反应速率明显加快;
(5)产物的构型80%消旋,20%转化; (6)进攻试剂亲核性愈强,反应速率愈快; (7)有重排现象; (8)增加溶剂含醇量,反应速率加快。
西北师范大学化学化工学院 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University
CH2Cl
2-甲基-2-溴丁烷
3-甲基-2-溴丁烷
α -苯基乙基溴
β -苯基乙基溴
Cl
CH3 Cl
CH3
西北师范大学化学化工学院 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University
答案:
6. (1)
CH3 (2) H3C C Br
答案:
1. (1)2,2,4-三甲基-4-溴戊烷 (3)2-溴-1-己烯-4-炔 (5)顺-1-氯-3-溴环己烷 (2)2-甲基-4-氯-2-溴己烷 (4)(Z)-1-溴丙烯
西北师范大学化学化工学院 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University
答案:
Br 4. (1) CHCH3 + NaOH H 2O OH CHCH3
Br (2) CHCH3 + KOH C2H5OH CH CH2
Br (3) CHCH3 + Mg
Br (4) CHCH3 + NaI
MgBr (5) CHCH3
C2H5OC2H5
I
MgBr CHCH3
CH3COCH3
CHCH3
2.写出符合下列名称的构造式:
(1)叔丁基氯 (2)烯丙基溴(3)苄基氯(4)对基苄基氯
答案:
CH3 2. (1) CH3 C Cl CH3 (3) CH2Cl (4) Cl CH2Cl (2) CH2 CH CH2Br
西北师范大学化学化工学院 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University
(7)
CH CHBr KCN CH2Cl
(8)
CH3C CH + CH3MgI
CH3 NaOH,乙醇
(9)
+ Br2
A
B
O CH C O CH C O
C
(10) CH3
Br
Mg 无水乙醚
NO2 + Br2
A
C2H5OH
B+C
(11)
(CH3)2HC
Fe
光 A Cl2
B
(12)
CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
3-甲基-1-溴丁烷 ② 2-环戊基-2-溴丁烷 1-环戊基-1-溴丁烷 溴甲基环戊烷
西北师范大学化学化工学院 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University
(4)进行SN1反应速率:
① 3-甲基-1-溴丁烷 ② 苄基溴 ③
(2) *cis-3-bromo-1-ethylcyclohexane (4) 5- chloro-3-propyl-1,3-heptadien-6-yne
答案: 3. (1) CH3CHCH2CHCH3
西北师范大学化学化工学院 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University
(2) (CH3)3CBr + H2O (CH3)2CHBr + H2O
(CH3)2CHCH2CN + NaBr CH3CH2CH2CN + NaBr
(CH3)3COH + HBr (CH3) 2CHOH + HBr
HO (3) CH3CH2I + OH- 2 CH3CH2OH + IHO CH3CH2I + SH- 2 CH3CH2SH + I-
(8) SN2,因为醇的亲核性大于水的。
西北师范大学化学化工学院 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University
10.指出下列各对亲核反应中,哪一个反应较快?并说明理由。
(1) (CH3)2CHCH2Br + NaCN CH3CH2CH2Br + NaCN
H3C
O O O
(9) A
Br Br
(10) A H3C
MgBr
B
+C
H 3C
+ C2H5OMgBr
Cl
(11) A (CH3)2CH Br
(12) A CH3CH2CH C CH3CHCH C6H5 CH2 CH2
NO2
B
(CH3)2C Br
NO2
B CH3CHCH Br
CH2
西北师范大学化学化工学院 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University
6.将以下各组化合物,按照不同要求排列成序: (1)水解速率:
CH3CH2 Cl CHCH3 Cl
(2)与AgNO3-乙醇溶液反应难易程度
CHBr CHCH3 CH3CHCH3 Br CH3CH2CH2Br H3C CH3 C Br
CH2CH2Cl
(3)进行SN2反应速率: ① 1-溴丁烷 2,2-二甲基-1-溴丁烷 2-甲基-1-溴丁烷
(3) HOCH2CH2I
CH (6) H3C CH2Cl (7)
CHBr
CH2CN
(8) CH4
+ CH3C CMgI
CH3 CH3 B C
西北师范大学化学化工学院 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University
CH3 C Br CH3

CH2Br
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University
CH3 (4) ① CH3CH2CCH3 Br
CH3 CH3CHCHCH3 Br
CH3 CH3CHCH2CH2Br

CHCH3 Br
CH2Br
CH2CH2Br

CH2Cl
Cl
CH3 Cl
CH3
西北师范大学化学化工学院 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University
7.写出下列化合物在浓KOH醇溶液中脱卤化氢的反应式,并比较反应速率的快慢。
+ NH3
CHCH3
Br (8) CHCH3
Br (9) CHCH3
Br (10) CHCH3
CH3
+ CH3C C-Na+
+ AgNO3
C2H5OH
CHC
ONO2
CCH3 + NaBr
CHCH3 + AgBr
OC2H5
+ C2H5ONa
CHCH3
西北师范大学化学化工学院 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University
5.写出下列反应的产物:
CHClCH3 (1) Cl + H2O NaHCO3
(2) HOCH2CH2CH2Cl + HBr
(3) HOCH2CH2Cl + KI 丙酮
Br (4) Cl + Mg 乙醚
(5)
+ NBS
CCl4 引发剂
CH3 O (6)
+ HCH + HCl
ZnCl2
西北师范大学化学化工学院 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University
答案:
9. (1) SN2,因为三级卤代烷按照SN2反应速率很慢; (2) SN1,因为反应速率与亲核试剂浓度无关;
(3) SN1,这是SN1的特点;
(4) SN1,溶剂极性的增大有利于分散碳正离子上的正电荷; (5) SN1,这是SN1的特点; (6) SN2,因为SN1反应速率受亲核试剂影响较小; (7) SN1,这是SN1的特点;
+ HC CH
西北师范大学化学化工学院
CH2CH3
+ HC CMgBr
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University
Br (6) CHCH3 + NaCN
BrHale Waihona Puke Baidu(7) CHCH3
CN CHCH3
NH2
答案:
10. (1)第二个反应快。因为反应按照SN2历程进行,前者β-C位阻较大,
第九章:卤代烃
1.用系统命名法命名下列化合物:
(1) (CH3)2CCH2C(CH3)3
Br
CH3
(2)
C CH2CH2CHCH3 CH3 Br Cl
(3) CH3 C C CH2 C CH2
Br
(4)
H CH3 C C
H Br
Br
(5)
Cl
西北师范大学化学化工学院 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University
CHCH3 Cl
CH3CHCH3 Br
CH2CH2Cl
CH3CH2
Cl
CH3CH2CH2Br
CHBr
CHCH3
CH3 CH3CH2CHCH2CH2Br CH3
CHBr CH2CH3
西北师范大学化学化工学院
(3) ① CH3CH2CH2CH2Br
CH3CHCH2CH2Br CH3
CH3CH2CCH2CH2Br CH3
4.用方程式表示a-溴代乙苯与下列化合物反应的主要产物。
(1) NaOH(水) (3) Mg、乙醚 (5) 产物(3)+ CH (7) NH3 (9) AgNO3、醇 (2) KOH(醇) (4)NaI/丙酮 CH (6) NaCN (8) CH3C C-Na+ (10) C2H5ONa
西北师范大学化学化工学院 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University
8.哪一种卤代烷脱卤化氢后可产生下列单一的烯烃?
CH2
西北师范大学化学化工学院 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University
答案:
8. (1) X
或 (2) X
X
X
(3)
(4)
X X

X
或 X
H2SO4
A
NBS 引发剂
CuLi B
2
C
西北师范大学化学化工学院 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University
答案:
OH 5. (1) Cl CH CH3 (2) BrCH2CH2CH2Cl
Br (4) Cl MgBr (5)
3.写出下列有机物的构造式,有“*” 的写出结构式:
(1) 4-chloro-2-methylpentane (3) *(R)-2- bromooctane
CH3 Cl (2) Br C6H13-n (3) H CH3 Br (4) CH Cl CCHCH CH2CH2CH3 CCH CH2 C 2H 5
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