医学英语词根

SuffixMeaning Example-ac pertaining to属于，关于cardiac: pertaining to the heart心脏（病）的-alpertaining to medical: pertaining to medicine-ar pertaining to molecular: pertaining to a molecule分子的-ary pertaining tobelonging tociliary: pertaining to the cilia睫毛的,纤毛的,毛状的-ase enzyme 酶amylase: any enzyme that converts starch to sugar 淀粉酶-cle smallness小,少,贫乏,小气follicle: a small bodily cavityor sac小囊,(头发的)毛囊-e an instrument仪器auriscope: an instrument for exa mining the ear (检查耳朵用的)耳镜-eal pertaining to laryngeal: pertaining to the larynx喉的, 喉音的-iacondition; quality phobia: abnormal fear 恐惧，害怕-ic pertaining to toxic: pertaining to toxin有毒的；因中毒引起的-ics study of; name of a sciencepaediatrics: study of children, their development and diseases儿科学-ine/ in substance 物质insulin：substance (hormone) produced by theislets of Langerhans in the pancreas胰岛素-ism process or conditionalcoholism: excessive drinking of alcohol which becomes addictive酒精中毒-ist one who specializes in精通于……的人pharmacologist: a doctor who spe cializes in the study of drugs药理专家-itis inflammation refers to a part inrhinitis: inflammation of the na sal passages……部位的炎症 鼻炎，鼻粘膜炎-(i)u m relation to a wh ole; related to 与……相关endometrium: inner lining of the uter 子宫内膜-ive characterizes by antitussive: a drug that suppres ses coughing止咳药-lettiny; small droplet: a tiny drop 小滴 -ment the result or pr oduct of an action development: thing which develops or is being developed; action ofbecoming mature-oid resembling; like 像 mucoid: resembling mucus粘液样的-ole little; small centriole: the small dense struc ture in the middle of the centrosome细胞中心粒；中心体-oma tumor; swelling r efers to a doer dermatofibroma: fibrous tumor of the skin皮肤纤维瘤-or/-er either a person or thing receptor: a sensory nerve ending that responds to various stimuli 感受器，受体-ory characterized by; pertaining to suspensory: which is hanging dow n悬吊式，悬带-ose sugar fructose: fruits sugar found in honey and some fruit 果糖-osis abnormal condition onychocryptosis: abnormal conditio n of a hidden nail 嵌甲-ous pertaining to poisonous: pertaining to poison; also containing poison 有毒的，分泌毒素的-some sbodies ribosome: the body of nucleic a cid 核糖体-um structure; thing; substance 结构，物质magnesium: a white metallic chem ical substance 镁（金属元素）-y condition; act; p rocess dystrophy: disorder caused by de fective nutrition or metabolism 营养不良The following is a list of the most commonly used compo und suffixesSuffixMeaning Example-algia pain; painful; conditionarthralgia: pain in a joint 关节痛--aseenzyme protease: digestive enzyme 蛋白酶-blastembryo胚，胚胎，人类胚胎hemocytoblast: blast cell 血胚细胞，原始血细胞-carci nomamalignant tumor developing from connective tissue 相关组织的恶性肿瘤adenocarcinoma: malignant tumor developing from glandular tissue 腺癌-celeprotrusion; distention突出；膨胀，延伸esophagocele: abnormal distentionof the esophagus 食管突出-cente sissurgical puncture手术穿孔paracentesis: surgical puncture of a cavity for the aspiration offluid 穿刺术-capni acarbon dioxide 二氧化碳acapnia: absence of carbon dioxide 血液二氧化碳缺乏-cide kill germicide: (substance) which cankill germs杀菌剂-clast cell phagocyte:cell, especially a white blood cell, which can surround and destroy other cells 噬菌细胞-dynia pain glossodynia: pain in the tongue舌痛-ectas ia/-ectas isexpansion; dilation(膨胀，扩张)atelectasis: incomplete expansionof the lungs at birth 肺不张-ectom ysurgical excisionor removal ofgastrectomy: surgical removal ofthe stomach胃切除术-edemaexcessive accumulation of serous fluid水肿myxoedema: condition caused whenthe thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone 粘液腺瘤病，粘液水肿-emia blood condition leukemia: any of several malignant diseases where an abnormal number of leucocytes form in the blood白血病-emesi s vomiting 呕吐hematemesis: the vomiting of blood 咯血；吐血-gensomething that produced or prouducespathogen: a microorganism or agent capable of producing disease 病菌，病原体-genes is production 生产spermatogenesis: formation and development of spermatozoa in the testes精子发生-globi n protein蛋白质hemoglobin: an iron-containing protein produced by erythrocytes 血红素-gnosi s knowledge diagnosis: the process of identifying the nature or presence of adisease through knowledge and examination-gram image; picture electrocardiogram: a graphic record of the electrical activity of heart muscle or heartbeat used in the diagnosis of heart disease.Abbr. ECG and EKG. Syn. cardiogram心电图-graph (y)process of recording记录过程electocardiography: the process of making or recording electrocardiograms. Syn. cardiography 心电图记录-iasis condition; state情况，状况cholelithiasis: the formation ofgallstones 胆石症-iatry /-iatri cshealing, frequently refers to a branch of medicine 康复，常指医学的一个分支podiatry: treatment of foot disorders足部医疗-lith stone cholelith: a gallstone; a stoneformed in the gallbladder 胆结石-logy the study of cytology: the science study ofcells 细胞学-one who studies urologist: a physician who specilogis t and treats alizes in the practice of urology泌尿科医生-lysisbreakdown, destructionhemolysis: the destruction or breakdown of red blood cells with release of hemoglobin溶血-malac ia softening osteomalacia: softening of bone骨软化-maniaextreme compulsionor preoccupation强迫症kleptomania: a morbid, uncontrollable compulsion to steal 盗窃癖-megal y giant acromegaly: a condition in whichthere is an enlargement of the facial bones as well as those of the lungs 肢端肥大症-metry /-meter measurement spirometry: measurement of the volume of air inhaled and exhaled or the air capacity of the lungs肺(活)量测定(法),呼吸量测定(法)-odyni a pain cardiodynia: pain in the heartregion 心痛，胸痛-one hormone荷尔蒙，激素parathormone: which regulates calcium balance among the blood, bones, and teeth甲状旁腺激素-opia a defect in the eye眼睛的毛病myopia: being short-sighted 近视-opsy to view biopsy: excision of live tissuefor microscopic diagnosis活检-osismorbid condition病态的sclerosis: abnormal hardening 硬化症-osmia smell anosmia: loss of the sense ofsmell嗅觉丧失-ostom yprocess of makingan opening into ora connection between造瘘gastrostomy: surgical constructionof an opening from the surface of the abdomen into the stomach胃造口术-oxialevel of oxygen氧水平hypoxia: a low oxygen level ora lack of oxygen in body tissues组织缺氧-disease; diseased ophthalmopathy: any eye disease眼pathy condition病-penia deficiency leukopenia: deficiency of leukocytes in the blood. Syn. leukocytopenia白细胞减少症-pepsiadigestion eupepsia: good digestion 消化良好--pexya fixing or setting firmly in placeby suturing 缝合固定hepatopexy: surgical fixation ofa displace liver肝固定术-phagi a/pha gyeating; swallowing吃，吞咽dysphagia: difficulty in swallowing吞咽困难-philattraction吸引，具有吸引力的事物basophil: type of leucocyte orwhite blood cell which contains granules嗜碱性粒细胞-phobi a fear xenophobia: irrational fear of strangers对外国人的恐惧，憎恶-plasi aformation; developmenthyperplasia: overdevelopment or enlargement of an organ or tissue增生，数量型肥大-phoni a voice dysphonia: difficulty in speaking发声困难-plasmformation; growthor substance of formationcytoplasm: jelly substance in the cell细胞浆-plast y surgical repair osteoplasty: surgical repair ofthe bone骨整形术，骨成形术--pleg iastroke; paralysis中风thermoplegia: heat or sunsrtoke热射病-pnea breathing eupnea: normal breathing呼吸正常，平静呼吸--ptos isa falling, the dropping or sagging of an organ器官下移hepatoptosis: abnormally low position of the liver肝下垂-ptysi spitting分散melanoptysis: spitting of the spleen黑色痰液;咳黑痰s-poies is production hemopoiesis: production of bloodcells 造血作用，生血作用-rrhag e/-rrhag iabursting forth ofblood 出血menorrhagia: very heavy bleedingduring menstruation 月经过多-rrhap hysurgical sewing or suturingsplenorrhaphy: suture of the spleen脾修补术-rrheaoverflow hydrorrhea: watery discharge液溢-(o)rr hexissplitting or rupture 撕裂，破裂，疝气amniorrhexis: rupture of the amniotic ac羊膜破裂-sarco mamalignant tumor developing from connective tissueliposarcoma: malignant tumor containing fat脂肪肉瘤-sches isa holding back;suppression of discharge阻碍；抑制排放uroschesis: suppression of urine闭尿，尿潴留-scler osis a hardening dermatosclerosis: hardening of the skin硬皮病-scopeinstrument for viewingstethoscope: an instrument for performing medicate ausculation听诊器-scopyprocess of examining visuallyhepatoscopy: examination of theliver 肝检查-spasminvoluntary contractionangiospasm: sudden contraction ofthe muscles in a blood vessel血管痉挛-stasi ssuppression; stoppage; control; arrest抑制，中止hemostasis: the arrest of bleeding止血，止血法-steno sisabnormal narrowingof a duct or canal管、道德异常狭窄laryngostenosis: abnormal narrowing of the larynx 喉狭窄-stomysurgical openingto the outside of the body造口colostomy: surgical operation tomake an opening from the colon结肠造口术-tenti on pressure hypertention: high blood pressure高血压-thera py treatment physiotherapy: treatment of disease by physical means物理疗法--tion process hospitalization: the process ofbeing hosipitalized住院-tocialabor; birth 生产embryotocia: abortion 流产-tome tool for incision arthrotome: instrument for cutting a joint关节刀-tomy process of cutting intogastrotomy: incision of the stomach 胃切开术-tropi a turning 转弯，变向esotropia: turning inward of theeye内斜视-troph ynourishment or development of an organ器官的营养、发育dystrophy: disorder caused by defective nutrition or metabolism营养不良-uriaa condition of the urine（小便）dysuria: difficultly in passingurine 排尿困难-versi on turning eversion: a turning outward外翻，翻转Here is a table of the most commonly used prefixes PrefixMeaning Examplea -/an-without; not aphasia: the inability to understand written or spoken words or tospeak meaningfully失语症a b-away from abortion: expulsion from the uterus流产ad-to; toward; near adnasal: near the nose 近鼻的a cro-a point or tip acronyx: growing into the flesh嵌甲a lb-white albino: a person lacking normalpigmentation白发病者a mb-/a mbi-both ambisexual、bisexual: (person) who is sexuallyattracted to both males and famales双性恋a mphi-/a mpho-both; both sides amphicentric: beginning and ending in the same vessel起止同源的血管a na-up; back again anabolism: process of building up complex chemical substances on the basis of simpler ones 合成代谢A ngio-a blood vessel angioma: benign tumor formed ofblood vessel血管瘤a nte-before antenatal: during the period between conception and childbirth 出生前的，怀孕期的a nti-against antidepressant: (drug) used to treat depression抗抑郁剂a udi-hearing; sound audiometry: science of testing hearing听力测定a uto-self autoantibody: antibody formed toattack the body’s own cells自身抗体bi-two; twice bicellular: two cells两室的b io-living organisms生命体biochemistry: chemistry living tissues生物化学b rady-slow bradycardia: slow rate of heartcontraction, shown by a slow pulse rate心动过缓c arcin -carcinoma or cancer癌；瘤carcinogen: a cancer-causing substance致癌物c ata-downwards; under;against;along withcataract: condition where the lens of the eye gradually becomes hard and opaque白内障c enti-one hundredth百分之一centimeter: unit of measurementof length(=one hundredth of a meter)厘米c o(n)-with or together consanguineous: blood relationship血亲的，血缘的，密切的c ontra -against contraception: prevention of pregnancy by using devices or drugs 避孕法，节育法d e-removal or loss decaffeinated: (coffee) with thecaffeine removed 脱去咖啡因的deca-ten decagram: ten grams 十克d eci-tenth deciliter: unit of measurement of liquid(=one tenth of a little)1/10公升d i-two diglossia: a double tongue使用两种语言d ia-through; between;apart; acrossdiathermy: process of (treating)through heat透热疗法d is-reversal or separatedisintegrate: to come to pieces分解，破裂d ys-bad; difficult; disordereddysarthrosis: deformity or malformation of a joint关节变形e cho-sound echocardiography: ultrasonographyof the heart心回波描记，超声心动描记术e ct-/e cto-outside or outer ecchondroma: benign tumor on thesurface of cartilage or bone外生软骨瘤e n-in; within enostosis: benign growth insidea bone内生骨疣e ndo-inside endocardium: membrane which linesthe heart心内膜e pi-on; over epidermis: outer layer of skin表皮e ry-red erythrocyte: mature non-nucleatedred blood cell红细胞e so-inward; within(向内)esotropia: turning inward of theeye内斜视e u-good eugenics: study of how to improve the human race by genetic selection优生学ex-/exo-out of exhale: to breath out 呼出e xtra-outside extracapsular: outside a capsule囊外的h emi-half hemiplegia: severe paralysis affecting one side of the body 偏瘫,半身麻痹,半身不遂h ydro-water hydrocele: collection of wateryliquid found in a cavity such asthe scrotum阴囊积水h yper-higher or too muchhyperglycaemia: excess of glucosein the blood高血糖症h ypo-less or too littlehypokalaemia: deficiency of potassium in the blood 低血钾i n-in or into inbreeding: breeding between a closely related male and female 近亲交配i n-not incoherent: not able to speak in a way which makes sense语无伦次i nfra-below or beneath infrapatellar: below or beneaththe patella髌i nter-between interlobular: between lobules小叶间的i ntra-inside intramedullary: inside the bonemarrow or spinal cord 髓内i tro-into introvert: person who thinks only about himself and his own mentalstate性格内向的人m al-bad or abnormal malfunction: abnormal working ofan argan机器等运转失常；失灵；出现故障m eta-changes metaplasia: change of one tissueto another化生，转化，组织变形m icro-very small microcyte: abnormally small redblood cell小红细胞m id-middle midcarpal: between the two rowsof carpal bones腕骨间的m illi-one thousandth milligram: unit of measurement of weight 毫克m is-error or wrong miscarriage: spontaneous abortion流产m ulti-many multigravida: a woman who is pregnant and has been pregnant at least twice before 经产孕妇n oct-at night nocturia: passing abnormally large quantity of urine when asleep inbed at night夜尿症n ona-nine or the ninethnonagon: flat shape which has nine sides九边形o cta-eight octan: every eight days八日热；每隔八日发一次的o dont-teeth odontology: study of teeth andassociated structures, and their disorderso nco-tumours oncology: scientific study of new gowths肿瘤学o ro-mouth orolingual: pertaining to the mouth and tongue口与舌的p achy-thickening pachysomia: condition where softtissues of the body become abnormally thick躯体肥厚p ali-/p alin-against; pathologic repetition病态的重复palindromic: (disease) which recurs复发的，再发的p an-/p ant-/p anto-all pancytopenia: abnormal depressionof all the cellular elements ofthe blodd全血细胞减少症p ara-similar to or near; changed or beyondparalyse or paralyze: to weaken(muscles) so that they cannot function使麻痹，使瘫痪p en-/p enta-five pentosuria: excretion of pentosesin the urine戊糖尿p er-through percutaneous: done or administered through the skin经皮的，由皮的p eri-around pericystitis: inflammation of tissue around the bladder膀胱周炎p ero-deformed or defective畸形有缺陷的peromelia: congenital deformity of the limbs四肢不全p harma co-drugs pharmacology: study of drugs ormedicines, and their action, properties and characteristics药理学，药物学p leo-/p leio-too many pleokaryocyte: condition where agreater than normal number of cells in cerebrospinal fluid多核细胞p luri-more pluriglandular: pertaining to oraffecting several glands多线性的p air or the lungs pneumonia: inflammation of a lunneum-/p neunm o-; breathing g肺炎p oly-touching many organspolyphagia: condition where a patient eats too much; morbid desirefor every king of food 多食症，杂食症p ost-after or later postprandial: after a meal 餐后的p re-before of in front ofpremature: early or before thenormal time 过早的，早产p resby -old age presbyopia: an old person’s sight fails gradually老花眼p ro-/s upin-/p ron-before or in front oflying on the backbend forwardprognosis: prediction of the outcome of a disease预测；预后q uadri -/q uint-fourfive/fifthquadruplet or quad: one of fourbabies born to a mother at thesame time四胞胎r adio-ray or radiation radiotherapy: treating a diseaseby exposing the affected part toradioactive 放射疗法s emi-half semiptosis: the downward saggingof half or part of an organ 轻度睑下垂s ub-under submucous: under the mucous membrane粘膜下层的；粘膜下的s uper-above; extremely superalbuminosis: abnormal increase of albumin白蛋白过多s yn-with; joint syndesmosis: joint where the ones are tightly linked by ligaments韧带联合s upra-above; over suprarenal: (situated) above a kidney 肾上腺t achy-fast tachycardia: rapid beating of the heart 心动过速t etra-four tetracycline: antibiotic used totreat a wide range of bacterialdiseases 四环素t rans-across; through;beyondtransmission: the transfer, as of a disease, from one person to another 传染t ri-three tricephalus: a fetus with threeheads 三头畸胎u ltra-beyond; excess ultrasonics: the science dealingwith ultrasonic sound waves 超声波学u ni-one uniglandular: affecting only onegland 单腺的x en(o) -strange; foreign xenograft: a graft of tissue transplant between animals of different species 异种移植物。