Lesson 1 China’s Foreign Trade

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Lesson 1 China’s Foreign Trade

3.仔细和反复地阅读和掌握课文之后的注释，即Notes to the text。 4.注意普通词汇，包括名词、形容词、副词、介词短语和搭配的理解和运用。可以将自己不甚熟悉的词或短语连同所在的句子在课文中标注出来或摘抄下来，找出尽可能多的替换词。重视课文之后的单词与词语（Words and expressions）、针对课文的问题与语言点（Questions on contents and language points） 5. 多做模拟题和真题训练
What is foreign trade?
Foreign trade (对外贸易) refers to the exchange of goods, service and technology between a country and other countries. It is made up of two parts: Export 出口 Import 进口
Para 3
Disrupt: interrupt The growth of foreign trade was disrupted again during the Cultural Revolution when agricultural and industrial production fell sharply and transportation constraints became more serious. 在文化大革命期间，外贸的增长又一次被打断了。当时农业和工业生产急剧下降，交通运输管制变的更严重。
Terms:

Manufactured goods: 制成品 Capital equipment: 资本设备（如机器，厂房） Industrialization programme 工业化项目 Heavy industry: 重工业 Economic imbalance: 经济失衡 National income: 国民收入 The volume of foreign trade: 对外贸易额

国际商务英语(英文版)

International Business English国际商务英语Lesson 1 International Business第一课国际商务*International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries. Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export, such as business between Hong Kong and Taiwan.*International business involves more factors and thus is more complicated than domestic business. The following are some major differences between the two.1). The countries involved often have different legal systems, and one or more parties will have to adjust themselves to operate in compliance with the foreign law.2). Different counties usually use different currencies and the parties concerned will have to decide which currency to use and do everything necessary as regards conversion etc. Uncertainties and even risks are often involved in the use of a foreign currency.3).Cultural differences including language, customs, traditions, religion, value, behaviour etc. often constitute challenges and even traps for people engaged in international business.4). Countries vary in natural and economic conditions and may have different policies towards foreign trade and investment, making international business more complex than domestic business.*With the development of economic globalisation, few people or companies can completely stay away from international business. Some knowledge in this respect is necessary both for the benefit of enterprises and personal advancement.*International business first took the form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another. This form of trade is also referred to as visible trade. Later a different kind of trade in the form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc. gradually became more and more important. This type of trade is called invisible trade. Today, the contribution of service industries of the developed countries constitutes over 60% of their gross domestic products and account for an increasing proportion of world trade. *Another important form of international business is supplying capital by residents of one country to another, known as international investments. Such investments can be classified into two categories. The first kindof investments, foreign direct investments or FDI for short is made for returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in in a host country.*The host country is a foreign country where the investor operates, while the country where the headquarters of the investor is located is called the home country. The second kind of investment, portfolio investment, refers to purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling. Such financial assets may be stocks, bonds or certificates of deposit.Stocks are also called capital stocks or bonds. Bonds are papers issued by a government or a firm with promise to pay back the money lent or invested together with interest. The maturity period of a bond is at least one year, often longer, for example five, or even ten years. Certificates of deposit generally involve large amounts, say 25 thousand US dollars *Besides trade and investment, international licensing and franchising are sometimes taken as a means of entering a foreign market. In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country. Such intellectual property may be trademarks, brand names, patents, copyrights or technology. Firms choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to start business, and can simply receive income in the form of royaltyBesides, they can benefit from locational advantages of foreign operation without any obligations in ownership or management. The use of licensing is particularly encouraged by high customs duty and non-tariff barriers on the part of the host country. However it is not advisable to use licensing in countries with weak intellectual property protection since the licensor may have difficulty in enforcing licensing agreement.*Franchising can be regarded as a special form of licensing. Under franchising, a firm, called the franchisee, is allowed to operate in the name of another, called the franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos, and operating techniques for royalty. In comparison with the relation between the licenser and the licensee, the franchiser has more control over and provides more support for the franchisee.*The franchiser can develop internationally and gain access to useful information about the local market with little risk and cost, and the franchisee can easily get into a business with established products or services. Franchising is fairly popular especially in hotel and restaurant business.*Other forms for participating in international business are management contract, contract manufacturing, and turnkey project.*Under a management contract, one company offers managerial or other specialized services to another within a particular period for a flat payment or a percentage of the relevant business volume. Sometimes bonusesbased on profitability or sales growth are also specified in management contracts.Government policies often have a lot to do with management contracts. When a government forbids foreign ownership in certain industries it considers to be of strategic importance but lacks the expertise for operation, management contracts may be a practical choice enabling a foreign company to operate in the industry without owning the assets*By contract manufacturing, a firm can concentrate on their strongest part in the value chain, e.g. marketing, while contracting with foreign companies for the manufacture of their products. Such firms can reduce the amount of their resources devoted to manufacture and benefit from location advantages from production in host countries. However, loss of control over the production process may give rise to problems in respect of quality and time of delivery.*For an international turnkey project, a firm signs a contract with a foreign purchaser and undertakes all the designing, contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion. Such projects are often large and complex and take a long period to complete. Payment for a turnkey project may be made at fixed total price or on a cost plus basis. The latter way of payment shifts the burden of possible additional cost over the original budget onto the purchaser *BOT is a popular variant of the turnkey project where B stands for Build, O for operate and T for transfer. For a BOT project, a firm operate a facility for a period of time after building it up before finally transferring it to a foreign company. Making profit from operating the project for a period is the major difference between BOT and the common turnkey project. Needless to say, the contractor has to bear the financial and other risks that may occur in the period of operation.*Some Words and Expressionscustoms area 关税区in compliance with 遵从，遵照conversion n.货币兑换visible trade 有形贸易resale n.转售invisible trade 无形贸易gross domestic product 国内生产总值for short 缩写为account for 占……比例headquarters n.总部trap n.陷阱，圈套portfolio investment 证券投资stocks n.股票bonds n.债券maturity n.（票据等）到期，到期日certificate of deposit 大额存单other than 而不是licensing n.许可经营franchising n.特许经营n.商标advisable adj.可行的，适当的patent n.专利royalty n.专利使用费，许可使用费，版税copyright n.版权licensor n.给予许可的人licensee n.接受许可的人franchiser n.给予特许的人franchisee n.接受特许的人logo n.标识，标记management contract 管理合同expertise n.专门知识bonus n.红利，奖金，津贴flat adj.一律的，无变动的contract manufacturing 承包生产value chain 价值链turnkey project 交钥匙工程BOT(Build, Operate, Transfer）建设，经营，移交Stand for 表示，代表variant n.变形，变体Lesson twoIncome Level and the World Market第二课收入水平和世界市场This lesson discusses the relation between the income level and the market potential, and the features of high income, middle income and low income markets.Special analyses are made on Triad, i.e. the markets of North America,European Union and Japan, as well as other markets that are closely related with China.The first two paragraphs mainly deal with GNP and GDP, two important concepts usedto indicate the total size of an economy. GDP, Gross Domestic Product, stresses the place of production while GNP, Gross National Product, on the ownership of production factors.GDP is used by most countries now where as GNP was more popular before the 1990s. The actual figures of a country’s GNP and GDP are, however, quite similar in most cases and we can use whichever figure that is available.TEXT:In assessing the potential of a market, people often look at its income level since it provides clues about the purchasing power of its residents. The concepts national income and national product have roughly the same value and can be used interchangeably if our interest is in their sum total which is measured as the market value of the total output of goods and services of an economy in a given period, usually a year. The differenceis only in their emphasis. The former stresses the income generated by turning out the products while the latter, the value of the product s themselves. Gross National Product, GNP, and Gross Domestic Product, GDP, are two important concepts used to indicate a country’s total income. GNP refers to the market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy. This term was used by most governments before the 1990s国民生产总值(GNP)是最重要的宏观经济指标,它是指一个国家地区的国民经济在一定时期（一般1年）内以货币表现的全部最终产品（含货物和服务）价值的总和。

外刊经贸知识选读Lesson1 China in the market Place

Terms

Manufactured goods 制成品
制成品，是指在一个工业企业内完成全部生产过程，经检验符合规定的质量标准，并可销售供社会使用的合格劳动产品。如自行车厂生产完成的待销自行车;棉纺织厂生产完成的待销坯布;机床厂生产完成的待销机床等。在本企业内不再需要继续加工的半成品，经检验合格供对外销售，也作成品。如自行车厂生产完成的供外厂配套用或供销售的零件
Lesson 1 China's Foreign Trade
Part1
Opening paragraph
Part2 Breakdown Part3 The Balance Shifts
Part4 Direction of Trade Part5 Reserves Rise
Part6 Investment Encouraged
withdrawal[wɪð'drɔːəl] --[U]the removal or stopping of something such as support, an offer, or a service 〔对支持、建议、服务等的〕取消，收回 --[C,U] the act of moving an army, weapons etc away from the area where they were fighting 撤军；撤退；撤回 --[C,U] the act of taking money from a bank account, or the amount you take out 〔从银行账户中的〕取款；取款额 Shift away from … towards/to-从…转向...
manufactured goods and the capital equipment required

UNIT 1 Chinese Version of Part Ⅱ Reading

Chinese Version of Part ⅡReading国际贸易国际贸易即国与国之间商品和服务的交换，又称世界贸易、对外贸易或海外贸易。

近年来，国际贸易的经济、社会和政治重要性正不断上升。

国际贸易的原因⊙自然资源分配不均自然资源分配不均，任何国家都不可能完全自给自足。

一个国家可能富于某些资源，但缺乏其他资源。

例如，英国盛产煤，却缺少某些金属资源。

日本的大部分初级产品主要依赖进口。

这就是国际贸易最初产生的原因。

⊙专业化随着制造业及技术的发展，某一国家会以比其贸易伙伴更低的成本生产一种或多种商品。

这一国家会对自己有绝对优势（能够以比其他国家低的成本进行生产）的产品进行专门化并出口，同时进口那些自己生产成本较高的产品，从而受益。

这种专业化是国际贸易的重要基础。

⊙需求形式不同国家的需求形式可能不同。

例如，如果A国的人更喜欢牛肉，而B国的人更喜欢羊肉，与其A国用更适合羊肉的资源生产牛肉，B国用更适合牛肉的资源生产羊肉，倒不如双方两种肉类都生产，并出口不喜欢的，进口喜欢的，这样对双方都有利。

这种贸易主要基于不同的消费偏好。

⊙规模经济贸易可能源于规模经济，即大规模生产带来的成本优势。

例如，A国和B国汽车和计算机的生产能力相同，但如果进行大规模生产，生产的成本就会降低。

这两个国家也会发现如果自己专门从事某一产品的生产而进口另一产品，这样更加有利。

⊙创新和品种多样化尽管某一国家以合理的成本生产足够的汽车满足自身需求，甚至出口部分汽车，这个国家仍会为追求创新和品种多样化而从其他国家进口汽车。

国际贸易带来的利益⊙更便宜的产品和服务国家之间进行交易是由于成本优势，这在国际贸易的原因规模经济部分中已做过解释。

此外，国际市场竞争使价格更低。

还有如果进口产品的质量更好，但价格却不高于国内成本，则仍具备成本优势。

⊙更多的品种因为没有哪个国家拥有它所需要的所有商品和服务，所以，毫无疑问，贸易就意味着各国能为该国消费者提供更丰富的产品种类，从而有助于提高人们的生活水平。

china english 中国特色英语

基本国策basic state policy; basic national policy基本国情fundamental realities of the country基本建成覆盖城乡、功能完善的疾病预防控制和医疗救治体系establish a fully functioning system for disease prevention and control and for emergency medical aid that covers both urban andrural areas基本路线要管一百年The basic line must be followed unswervingly for a very long time to come.基本人权fundamental human rights基本养老金社会化发放retirees receive their basic pension through social security channels基本医疗保险制度basic medical insurance system基本月租费basic monthly fee (charges)基层工作grass-roots work基层监督grass-roots supervision基层民主democracy at the grassroots level基层文化建设primary-level cultural undertakings基层组织organizations at the grass-roots level, primary-level organization机场建设费airport construction fee既成事实fait accompli (noun)继承税inheritance tax基础产业basic industry基础教育basic education基础设施建设infrastructure construction基础设施infrastructure基础税率base tariff level记大过record a serious demerit鸡蛋碰石头like an egg striking a rock; attack… stronger than o neself基地组织al-Qaeda group机电产品mechanical and electrical products缉毒investigate drug smuggling; capture drug smugglers(日本银行主持的)季度短观调查报告Tankan survey缉毒队narcotics squad计费方法/ 按秒计费/ 按分计费Calculating telephone fees/ per-second calculation/ per-minute calculation急功近利eager for instant success and quick profits技工贸结合的科技型企业scientific and technological enterprises that integrate scientific and technological development with industrial and trade development机构重叠organizational overlapping机构改革institutional reform; streamlining; institutional restructuring机构投资者institutional investor机构臃肿overstaffing in organizations (government)激光唱片compact disc; laser record; laser disc激光打印机laser printer激光导航laser navigation激光通信laser communication计划单列市city specifically designated in the state plan计划经济planned economy计划内招生planned enrollment计划生育责任制responsibility system of family planning机会成本opportunity cost积极防御active defense计价器taximeter计件工资制piece-rate system季节工seasonal worker季节性调价seasonal price adjustment即开式奖券scratch-open ticket；scratch pad激励约束制度 a system of incentives and disincentives激烈竞争cut-throat competition记名债券registered bond吉尼斯世界记录Guinness World Records纪念封commemorative envelope即期消费immediate consumption机器阅卷machine scoring急人民所急，忧人民所忧making the desires and worries of the people one's own 吉日良辰auspicious day积少成多many a little makes a mickle寄生效应ghost effect即食餐ready meal计时工资hourly wage计时工资制time-rate wage system纪实文学documentary writing纪实小说documentary fiction寄售commission sale技术产权交易所technology equity market; technology property right exchange技术成果商品化commercialization of technological achievements技术储备technological reserve技术创新technological innovation技术改造technological transformation技术攻关strive to make technological breakthrough技术工人technician; skilled worker技术集约企业technology-intensive enterprise技术交底technical disclosure技术密集产品technology-intensive product技术密集型technology-intensive技术下乡spread technological knowledge to farmers技术依托technical backstopping技术有偿转让transfer of technology with compensation集束炸弹cluster bomb技术职称technical title技术转让technology transfer集思广益draw on collective wisdom and absorb all useful ideas缉私力量the forces engaged in the fight against smuggling计算机化战争computerized war计算机集成制造系统computer integrated manufacturing system (CIMS)计算机辅助教学computer-assisted instruction (CAI)计算机辅助学习computer-aided learning (CAL)计算机中央处理器central processing unit(CPU)计算机网络信息中心computer network information center挤提bank run集体承包be contracted to collectives; collective contract集体观念groupism; collective spirit集体婚礼collective wedding ceremony; group wedding集体经济collective economy集体领导和个人分工负责相结合的制度system combining collective leadership with individual responsibility集体所有制collective ownership集团消费institutional spending既往不咎,忘掉旧嫌let bygones be bygones继往开来continue with the past and open up the future纪委discipline inspection commission鸡尾酒疗法drug cocktail therapy (treatment)即席讲话speak impromptu; make an impromptu speech; off-the-cuff remarks极限运动extreme sports; X-sports吉祥如意Everything goes well吉祥物mascot继续深化国有企业改革、使企业真正成为市场竞争的主体to deepen SOE reform to enable them to become main players in the market competition;积压产品overstocked commodities (inventories)积压滞销overstocked commodity (inventory)机译machine translation (MT)基因工程genetic engineering基因库gene bank基因水稻trans-genetic hybrid rice基因突变genetic mutation基因图谱genome; Gene chip (DNA microarray)即印相片instant photo基因组genome绩优股blue chip集约化intensification集约化经营intensive management集约经营intensive operation记帐式国债book-entry T-bonds记帐式国库券inscribed treasury bond记者席press box记者招待会press conference家政服务household service集中精力把经济建设搞上去go all out for economic development集装箱运输船container freighter集装运输container shipping集资pool resources; collect money; raise funds; raise money集资办学raise money to set up new schools集资房houses built with funds collected by the buyers甲A足球队Division A soccer team加班overtime work嘉宾distinguished guest, honored guest假唱lip-synch假钞票fake note; phony money; stumer假动作deception; feint; deception价格波动price fluctuation价格操纵price manipulation; price rigging价格反弹price rebound价格浮动范围price-float range价格弹性price elasticity价格听证会public price hearings价格脱离价值divergence of prices from values; divorce price from value加工贸易trade involving the processing of supplied raw materials甲骨文oracle bone inscriptions架空make somebody a mere figurehead; deprive somebody of his authority while keeping him in office加快产业结构升级speed up efforts to upgrade its industrial structure加快市场步伐accelerate the marketization; quicken the pace of marketization假冒伪劣产品counterfeit and shoddy products加盟ally oneself to (a sports team)加密encrypt加密频道encoded channel家谱family tree; family stemma; family genealogy加强军队和政权建设strengthen army building and the organs of political power加强流动人口计划生育管理strengthen the management of family planning among the floatingpopulation加强农业基础地位strengthen the position of agriculture as the foundation of the economy加强舆论监督ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion假球soccer fraud加权平均值weighted average假日经济holiday economy加塞jump a queue; cut a line假释parole加速上市speed-to-market加速上市speed-to-market家庭出身family background家庭经济困难的学生needy student家庭联产承包责任制the household contract responsibility system家庭影院home theater假小子tomboy家用电器household electrical appliance; home appliance家长制作风patriarchal style家政服务household service价值工程value engineering家族企业family firm加大污染治理力度strengthen pollution control假酒adulterated wine加快处置不良资产step up efforts in handling bad assets加快努力speed up efforts假冒伪劣商品counterfeit and substandard goods兼并merge; annexation见不得人的勾当under-the-table deal剪彩cut the ribbon建仓open a position检察官public procurator检察机关procuratorial organ检察长chief procurator坚持不懈地进行“扫黄打非”斗争fight unremittingly against pornographic and illegal publications坚持对话,不搞对抗persist in dialogue, refrain from confrontation坚持解放思想、实事求是的思想路线，弘扬与时俱进的精神adhere to the ideological guideline of emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, and upholds the spirit of advancing with time.坚持统一，反对分裂，增加了解，化解歧见persist in reunification, oppose separation, increase understanding and iron out differences剪刀差price scissors; scissors movement of price监督部门watchdog尖端产品highly sophisticated products尖端课题frontline subject减肥茶diet tea减负alleviate burdens on somebody监护权custodial right舰舰导弹ship-to-ship missile间接选举indirect election渐进式台独gradual Taiwan independence渐近尾声draw to a close检举箱accusation letter box健康及意外险health and casualty insurance建立公正、合理的国际政治经济新秩序build a fair and rational new international political and economic order建立健全国有资产管理和监督体制establish and perfect the management and supervision system of State-owned assets见面会meet-and-greet简明新闻news in brief减轻农民负担reduce farmers' burdens; lighten the burden on farmers建设公债public bonds for construction建设社会主义的物质文明和精神文明build a socialist civilization that is advanced culturally and ideologically, as well as materially; promote socialist material progress and socialist culture and ideology建设社会主义法治国家build a socialist country under the rule of law建设稳产高产基本农田make primary farmland capable of producing stable, high yields.建设有中国特色的社会主义build a socialist country under the rule of law build socialism with Chinese characteristics监事会board of inspectors减速玻璃(汽车）decelerating glass荐贤举能recommend the virtuous and the able减刑have one's sentence commuted减员增效downsize staffs and improve efficiency减灾disaster reduction; disaster mitigation; reduce damages caused by disaster舰载飞机carrier-borne aircraft; carrier aircraft简政放权streamline administration and delegate power; streamline administration and institute decentralization建筑面积floorage; floor space监察合一the integration of supervision and investigation坚持国家绝对控股keeping a controlling share in the state's hands坚持正确的政治方向pursue a correct political direction坚定信心，扎实工作，旗帜鲜明，毫无动摇enhance confidence, do a solid job, take a clear-cut stand and never waver in carrying on the fight in depth讲诚信，反欺诈: honor credibility and oppose cheating僵化思想ossified thinking将军肚general's belly; beer belly奖励工资制度 a bonus wages system; a system of higher pay for better performance降落伞候选人，外来候选人（应召而来参加本人非所在地区竞选的政党候选人）parachute candidate江南水乡the south of the lower reaches of the Yangze River讲排场，摆阔气waste and extravagance讲求实效stress practical results; strive for practical results降息reduction of interest降息reduction of interest rate讲义气be loyal to friends; remain faithful to friends建立促进经济社会可持续发展的机制establish a mechanism to promote sustainable social and economic development建立更加安全、更加尊重多样性和更加团结的世界work for a safer, more diverse and united world建立巩固的国防build a strong national defense健全国有资本经营预算制度establishing a sound operating and budget system for state capital 健全国有资本经营业绩考核体系establishing a sound performance evaluation system for state capital健全国有资产重大损失责任追究制度establishing a sound system for assigning responsibility for major losses of state assets for state capital健全就业，收入分配和社会保障制度improve employment, income distribution and social security system建设高素质的领导干部队伍build a contingent of high-calibre leading cardres建设统一开放竞争有序的现代市场体系establish a unified, open and orderly modern market system建设完整的社会主义市场经济体系establish a complete socialist market economic system “简税制、宽税基、低税率、严征管”的原则the principle of “a more simplified taxation system, broader tax collection basis, lower tax rates and stricter tax collection”减员增效reduce staff for greater efficiency叫板challenge; pick a quarrel脚踩两只船sit on the fence交叉报复cross retaliation交割delivery教工teachers and staff交流学者exchange scholar矫情use lame arguments教书育人impart knowledge and educate people脚踏实地be down-to-earth交通补助travel allowance焦土政策Scorched- Earth plan教务处dean's office侥幸球fluke教学法pedagogy; teaching method教研室teaching and research division交钥匙工程turn-key project浇一瓢冷水throw cold water on；dampen the enthusiasm of教育部社政司Social Science Research and Ideological Work Department of the Ministry of Education教育乱收费unauthorized collection of fees by educational institutions教育质量quality of education叫座 a box-office success; draw a large audience交叉感染cross transmission; cross-infection加强伙伴关系strengthen partnerships加强水土保持reinforce the conservation of water and soil加速科研成果向生产力的转化facilitate a faster transition from research to actual production 家庭暴力domestic violence家庭装修用品home improvement products假文凭fake diplomas假帐accounting fraud基层民主政治democracy at the local level机读形式machine-readable form结党营私form cliques for private gain街道企业neighborhood enterprise借调temporarily transfer借读生transient student戒毒所drug rehabilitation center阶段性就业periodic employment阶段性政策interim policy解放生产力emancipate the productive forces解放思想、实事求是的思想路线ideological line of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts解放思想、实事求是、与时俱进Emancipate the mind, Seek truth from the facts, Advance with the times结构工资制structual wage system结构失调structural imbalance结汇settle a foreign exchange account; settlement of exchange deals劫机hijack an airplsne戒急用忍overcome impetuosity and exercise patience; no haste, be patient解决劳动力就业问题tackle the problem of employment of the labor force解决贸易争端settle trade disputes接口interface解困基金anti-poverty funds揭老底reveal the inside story; open a buried secret解铃还须系铃人It is better for the doer to undo what he has done; Let him who tied the bell on the tiger take it off; Whoever started the trouble should end it.截击导弹interceptor; interception missile截流dam; the damming of截留上缴利润withhold profits that should be turned over to the state节能save energy; energy-saving节食on a diet结售汇制度"the system of exchange, settlement and sales "节水龙头water-saving taps节水农业water-saving agriculture街谈巷议gossip; rumor阶梯教室lecture theatre; terrace classroom街心花园park at an intersection; garden in the city center节育率rate of contraception节奏布鲁斯音乐（RMB音乐）rhythm blues解除劳动关系sever labor relation节能型轿车energy-efficient cars街舞hip-hop技工学校skilled workers training school积极的财政政策proactive fiscal policy积木building block金本位gold standard金边债券gilt-edged bond金蝉脱壳escape like a cicada by casting off its skin; stratagem for slinking off进出口经营权import-export operation right; power to engage in import and export trade进出口商会chamber of import and export trade进出口总额total volume of foreign trade近地卫星near-earth satellite金刚经Vajracchedika-sutra进宫be put in prison; be sent to jail; be taken into custody紧箍咒inhibiting magic phrase近海地区offshore area近海渔业offshore fishery近海钻探offshore drilling金鸡奖Golden Rooster Awards晋级考试promotion test-test given to promote candidates on their knowledge of the relevant subjects紧急通知emergency notice紧急状态emergency; state of emergency金降落伞golden parachute进口差价税import variable duties进口附加税import surcharge进口环节税import linkage tax进口渗透import penetration进口税import duty; import tariff金领工人gold-collar worker紧密型企业集团tightly-knit groups of enterprises金瓶擎签lot-drawing from a golden urn紧俏sell well (commodities) ；in short supply紧俏产品commodities in short supply近日点perihelion金融重组financial reorganization金融电子化computerize financial services金融工具financial instruments金融寡头financial oligarchy; financial magnate; financial tycoon金融货币危机financial and monetary crisis金融违规行为Financial irregularities /improprieties金融危机financial crisis金融衍生物financial derivative金融中心financial center金融自由化financial liberalization金融租赁financial lease劲射power shot紧身的衣服tight-fitting clothes金税工程the Golden Tax Project (a national taxation computer network)近水楼台先得月"First come, first served; A water-front pavilion gets the moonlight first--the advantage of being in a favored position."金丝猴golden monkey紧缩银根tight money policy; monetary restraint金无足赤,人无完人Gold can't be pure and man can't be perfect.进项税input tax进项税信贷input tax credit进修班class for further studies金玉满堂Treasures fill the home禁渔期closed fishing seasons禁渔期closed fishing seasons; fishing moratorium; fishing ban金元外交dollar policy紧张局势tense situation;tension禁止在任何地方、任何环境进行一切方式的释放核能的核武器试验保爆炸prohibit any nuclear weapon test explosion which releases nuclear energy at any place and in any environment紧追cling to, shadow, thunder on one's trail经办人operator净产值net output value; net value of production; net production value经常项目顺差favorable balance of current account, surplus of current account经常性贷款commercial lending经常性支出running expenses净成本pure cost; net cost; flat cost经过长期不懈的努力through protracted and unremitting efforts靖国神社Yasukuni Shrine经济担保书financial guarantee经济的持续高速发展sustained and rapid development of economy经济的持续、快速、健康发展sustained, rapid and sound development of the economy经济的社会化、市场化、现代化socialization, marketization and modernization of the economy 经济繁荣economic boom经济房low-cost housing经济封锁economic blockade经济复苏economic resurgence经济杠杆economic lever经济过热overheated economy; overheated development of the economy经济和技术合作ECOTECH cooperation (Economic and technology cooperation)经济核算cost accounting经济滑坡economic downturn经济技术开发区economic and technological development zone经济结构调整economic restructuring经济结构战略性调整strategic restructuring of the economy经济开发区economic development zone经济良性循环 a beneficial economic cycle经济林cash tree经济全球化economic globalization; economic integration经济渗透economic infiltration经济师economic engineer; economic manager; economist经济实体economic entity经济失调指数misery index经济适用房economically affordable housing经济特区special economic zone(SEZ)竞技体育competitive sports经济调整economic restructure经济头脑commercially minded people; people with business sense经济危机economic crisis经济萧条economic depression; economic slump; business depression经济效益economic returns;economic efficiency经济一体化economic integration经济责任制economic responsibility system经济增长点growth engine;economic growth point经济总量economic aggregate精简会议cut down the number of meetings to make them shorter精简机构streamline government organs精简、统一、效能的原则principle of simplified administration, unified action and higher efficiency经济承包制management contract system警戒水位warning level; danger level京剧票友Peking Opera fan京剧人物脸谱types of facial make-up in Beijing opera敬老院home for the aged; seniors' home精品competitive products景气产业thriving business;thriving industries;thriving economy精神食粮nourishment for the mind; intellectual food精神文明建设promote cultural and ideological progress; develop socialist culture and ethics精神文明cultural and ideological progress精神支柱spiritual pillar景泰蓝cloisonné境外就业be employed abroad境外消费（服务贸易）consumption abroad竞选辩论election debate竞选委员会election committee;election board竞选运动election campaign敬业精神professional dedication; professional ethics经营费用running expense经营管理高度科学化的现代化大企业modern big enterprise with highly scientific management system经营管理不善mismanagement; poor management; poor operation and management经营权与所有权分离separation of the right of management from the right of ownership。

中国外贸英语知识点总结

中国外贸英语知识点总结1. Business EtiquetteIn Chinese culture, business etiquette plays an important role in building and maintaining relationships. Therefore, understanding the proper way to address and greet business partners is crucial. In FTE, it is common to use titles such as Mr., Mrs., or Miss, followed by the person's last name. For example, Mr. Zhang, Mrs. Li, or Miss Wang. When addressing a group of people, it is polite to use the collective term "Ladies and Gentlemen" or "Gentlemen" for males and "Ladies" for females.In addition, knowing the appropriate way to exchange business cards is essential. When giving and receiving business cards, it is customary to use both hands as a sign of respect. The card should be presented with the Chinese side facing upwards, and it is polite to take a moment to look at the card before putting it away.2. NegotiationNegotiation is a crucial part of international trade, and understanding the cultural nuances and communication style of the Chinese can greatly facilitate successful business deals. In China, the concept of "guanxi," or building personal relationships, is important in business negotiations. It is common for Chinese businesspeople to spend time getting to know their counterparts before discussing business matters. Therefore, patience and building trust are essential during negotiations.In FTE, it is important to use polite language and show respect to the other party. Phrases such as "I understand your point of view" and "I appreciate your perspective" can help to maintain a positive atmosphere during negotiations. Additionally, it is important to be mindful of non-verbal communication, such as body language and facial expressions, as these can convey respect and understanding.3. Shipping and LogisticsWhen dealing with shipping and logistics in international trade, it is important to have a good understanding of the terminology and processes involved. In FTE, knowledge of shipping terms, such as FOB (Free on Board), CIF (Cost, Insurance, and Freight), and LCL (Less than Container Load), is essential for communicating with Chinese suppliers and shipping companies.For example, when discussing the terms of delivery, it is important to clarify whether the shipment will be FOB or CIF. If the shipment is FOB, the buyer is responsible for the transportation costs and assumes the risk once the goods are loaded onto the vessel. If the shipment is CIF, the seller is responsible for the transportation costs and insurance until the goods reach the port of destination.4. Payment Terms and FinanceUnderstanding the various payment terms used in international trade is crucial for conducting business with Chinese companies. In FTE, terms such as L/C (Letter of Credit), T/T (Telegraphic Transfer), and D/P (Documentary Payment) are commonly used. It is important to clarify the payment terms with the supplier before placing an order to avoid any misunderstandings.For example, when discussing payment terms, it is important to confirm the method of payment, currency, and the timing of payments. In FTE, it is common to use phrases such as "We propose to open an L/C at sight for the total amount," or "We will make a 30% deposit and the balance will be paid upon receipt of the goods."5. Quality Control and InspectionMaintaining product quality and ensuring compliance with international standards is essential in international trade. In FTE, it is important to communicate the quality requirements and inspection processes with Chinese suppliers to avoid any discrepancies.For example, when discussing quality control, it is important to use precise and clear language to convey the requirements. Phrases such as "We require the goods to meet the ASTM standards," or "We will conduct an inspection before the goods are shipped," can help to ensure that the supplier understands the expectations.6. Legal and Regulatory ComplianceUnderstanding the legal and regulatory requirements for international trade is crucial for ensuring compliance and avoiding potential issues. In FTE, it is important to be familiar with terms related to import-export regulations, customs clearance, and trade agreements. For example, when discussing regulatory compliance, it is important to use phrases such as "We need to ensure that the goods meet the import regulations of our country," or "The customs clearance process will be handled by our appointed agent."Conclusion:In summary, China Foreign Trade English is a specialized form of English used in international trade and commerce involving Chinese companies. Understanding the key knowledge points of FTE, such as business etiquette, negotiation, shipping and logistics, payment terms, quality control, and legal compliance, is essential for professionals working in trade-related fields. By mastering FTE and understanding the cultural nuances of conducting business with Chinese companies, professionals can effectively communicate with their Chinese counterparts and facilitate successful business deals.。

lesson 1

Lesson 1 A private conversationLast week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. 'I can't hear a word!' I said angrily. ‘It’s none of your business,' the young man said rude ly. 'This is a private conversation!'.上星期我去看戏。

我的座位很好，戏很有意思，但我却无法欣赏。

一青年男子与一青年女子坐在我的身后，大声地说着话。

我非常生气，因为我听不见演员在说什么。

我回过头去怒视着那一男一女，他们却毫不理会。

最后，我忍不住了，又一次回过头去，生气地说：“我一个字也听不见了！” “不关你的事，”那男的毫不客气地说，“这是私人间的谈话！”private [ˈpraivit] adj.私人的conversation [ˌkɔnvəˈseiʃən] n.谈话theatre [ˈθiətə] n.剧场，戏院seat [si:t] n.座位play [pleɪ] n.戏loudly [ˈlaʊdlɪ] adv.大声地angry [ˈæŋɡri]adj.生气的angrily [ˈæŋgrɪlɪ] adv.生气地attention [əˈtenʃən] n.注意bear (bore, borne) [bɛə] v.容忍business [ˈbiznis] n.事rudely [ˈru:dlɪ] adv.无礼地，粗鲁地★ private adj.1. 私人的(personala private conversation/ company / life/ secretary/affairs私人谈话/ 私人公司/私生活/私人秘书/私事That is for your private ear.那是你私下里说的。

中国对外贸易英文版

中国对外贸易英文版China's Foreign TradeChina is one of the world's largest players in international trade. The country has experienced significant growth in export and import activities over the years, becoming a major contributor to global trade flows. Here are some key points about China's foreign trade:1. Exports: China is known for its vast manufacturing capabilities and has emerged as the world's largest exporter of goods. The country exports a wide range of products, including electronic goods, machinery, textiles, and toys. Chinese exports are valued at billions of dollars annually, providing employment and economic growth.2. Imports: China also has a high demand for imported goods. The country imports a variety of products, including machinery, chemicals, ores, and petroleum. China's growing middle class has contributed to increased demand for imported consumer goods, such as luxury items and automobiles.3. Trade Surplus: China has maintained a trade surplus for many years, meaning it exports more goods than it imports. This has led to some concerns among trading partners, who argue that China's trade practices may be unfair and pose a threat to domestic industries. As a result, there have been ongoing trade disputes and efforts to address trade imbalances.4. International Trade Partners: China has built strong traderelationships with numerous countries around the world. The country's largest trading partners include the United States, European Union, and ASEAN countries. China also actively participates in regional and international trade agreements, such as the Belt and Road Initiative and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership.5. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): China has become an attractive destination for foreign investors, thanks to its large consumer market, skilled workforce, and improved business environment. Foreign companies have set up manufacturing facilities and service centers in China to tap into its domestic market and take advantage of its export opportunities.6. Free Trade Zones: China has established several free trade zones (FTZs) across the country to promote foreign trade and attract foreign investments. These zones provide preferential policies, streamlined customs procedures, and tax benefits to businesses operating within their boundaries.7. Belt and Road Initiative (BRI): China's BRI is a massive infrastructure project aiming to enhance connectivity and trade between China and other countries. It includes building roads, railways, ports, and other infrastructure to facilitate trade along the ancient Silk Road routes.China's foreign trade has played a crucial role in its economic development and global engagement. However, it also faces challenges such as trade tensions, protectionism, and market access barriers. The Chinese government continues to implement policiesto support and strengthen its foreign trade, aligning it with its broader economic goals.。

大学体验英语视听说教程4第三单元课后答案

1. enormously 2. ally 3. mystify
4. tier 5. corporate 6. critical
A. to make people confused because they do not understand sth.
B. extremely important C. very; very much D. connected with a corporation E. a person who helps and supports sb. who is in a
Lead-in Audio studio Video studio Speaking workshop Project bulletin
Task 1 Task 2 Task 3
Task 1 Describing the Picture
Describe the picture first and then discuss why Pizza Hut is successful in China.
difficult situation F. one of several levels in an organization or a system
Audio Studio
1. embassy 大使馆 2. peer身份（或地位）相同的人
Task 1 Task 2
Audio Task 1 Identifying the Gist
3. Did Mr. Goodman accumulate enough experience of doing business before he came to China?
Answer: No, never. He started his business of a chain of cafes while he studied in BLCU.

中国与世界贸易组织ChinaandtheWorldTradeOrganization中华人民

中国与世界贸易组织China and the World Trade Organization中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室The State Council Information Office of the People’s Republic of China2018年6月June 2018目录Contents前言Foreword一、中国切实履行加入世贸组织承诺I. China Has Faithfully Fulfilled Its WTO Accession Commitments二、中国坚定支持多边贸易体制II. China Firmly Supports the Multilateral Trading System三、中国加入世贸组织后对世界作出重要贡献III. China’s Significant Contribution to the World After Accession to the WTO四、中国积极推动更高水平对外开放IV. China Is Actively Advancing Opening-Up to a Higher Level结束语Conclusion前言Foreword1978年，中国开启了改革开放的历史进程。

改革开放是中国人民用双手书写的国家和民族发展的壮丽史诗，是中国和世界共同发展进步的伟大历程，不仅深刻改变了中国，也深刻影响了世界。

40年来，中国坚持对外开放基本国策，打开国门搞建设，逐步形成了全方位多层次宽领域的对外开放格局，极大促进了中国与外部世界的交流交融，为人类和平与发展的崇高事业作出了重要贡献。

In 1978, China started the historic process of reform and opening-up. This is a glorious chapter in the development epic of the country and the nation composed by the Chinese people, recording the great journey of common progress of China and the rest of the world. It has not only profoundly changed the country, but also greatly influenced the wholeworld. Over the past 40 years, China has been adhering to the fundamental national policy of reform and opening-up and pursuing development with its door wide open. A model of all-round, multi-level, and wide-ranging opening-up has gradually taken shape. China is closely connected with the outside world and has made a significant contribution to the noble cause of global peace and development.2001年中国加入世界贸易组织，是中国深度参与经济全球化的里程碑，标志着中国改革开放进入历史新阶段。

外贸英语口语教程 lesson 1-10 for students

Greetings and Introductions问候与介绍I. Situational Conversation 情景会话Situation 1 To meet a customer for the first time情景1 : 第一次和客户见面A: How do you do? Mr. White. I'm glad to meet you. (Nice to know you.)B: How do you do? Mr. Lee. Glad to meet you, too.Situation 2: To meet a customer for the first time, after finding him, exchange greetings.情景2：第一次和客户见面，找到人后，再互相问候A: Excuse me, are you Mr. Wilson from the United Trading Company?B: Yes, I am.A: How do you do, Mr. Wilson? Nice to meet you. I'm Brown Lee from Wuhan Tianhe Textile Import and Export Corporation.B: Oh! How do you do, Mr. Lee? Nice to see you, too.Situation 3: To meet an old customer情景3：和老客户见面A: Hi, Mr. Johnson. How are you?B: Hi, Mr. Bill. I'm fine. Thank you. And you?A: I'm fine too. Thank you. Glad to see you again.B: Me too. (I'm glad too.)Situation 4: To meet an old customer, send greetings to his family and business.情景4：和老客户见面，互相问候家人及生意A: Hello, Mr. Brown. I'm so glad to see you again.B: Hi, Lisa. How are you?A: I'm fine, thank you, and you?B: I'm fine, too.A: How are your family?B: They are all right, thank you.A: And how's your business?B: It's very good.Situation 5: To meet a old friend情景5：与老朋友见面A:Good morning. Mr. Smith.B: Good morning, Mr. Lee.A: How are you getting along? (How have you been recently? )B: I'm quite well, thanks. And how are you?A: I'm fine too. It couldn't be better.其他：A: Is everything OK here?B: Everything is fine. I can't complain.其他：A: Long time no see. So, what are you up to lately? / What have you been up to lately? B: The same things. / Same as usual / Nothing special.情景6：You introduce a new customer, Mr. Bob from the United Trading Co., Ltd to your boss, Mr.Lee. After being introduced, Mr. Lee and Mr. Bob exchange greetings, name cards and then offer the customer something to drink.A: Mr. Bob, May I introduce my boss, Mr. Lee. And Mr. Lee, this is Mr. Bob from the United Trading Co. Ltd,B: How do you do, Mr. Bob? I'm very glad to meet you.C: How do you do, Mr. Lee? Glad to meet you, too.B: Please have a seat. (Sit down, please. / Please be seated). Make yourself at home. C: Thank you. I'm so glad to be here.B: Here is my name card, and may I have yours?C: Yes, this is mine.B: Would you like something to drink? (What do you like to drink, coffee or tea?)C: Coffee, please.B: How would you like your coffee?C: I like it black. (Coffee with milk and sugar.)B: O.K., the coffee will be with you soon.C: Thank you.Unit 1 Receiving Foreign Businessmen第一单元：迎接外商Lesson 1- Making Flight Reservations第一课预订机票Situational Conversation 情景会话情景：来自曼彻斯特的商人Wilson先生要到中国参加天津进出口商品交易会。

Lesson 1 翻译资料

Lesson 1教学时数：4学时教学重点：翻译的概念、标准、过程、分类和译者素质；中国翻译史简介；摸底练习考核要求：掌握基本的翻译理论知识1. 翻译的概念什么是翻译？回答这个问题由于人们认识的角度不同，所以答案也就不一。

下面是部分翻译理论家对翻译的定义，由此可见人们在翻译性质认识上的差别：Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. (Nida)Translation may be defined asfollows: The replacement of textural material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language.(TL). (Catford)Translation is a process in which the parole of one language is transferred into the parole of another with the content i.e. meaning unchanged. (Barhudarov)翻译是一种创造性的工作，好的翻译等于创作，甚至还可能超过创作。

（郭沫若）翻译是把一种语言表达的意义用另一种语言传达出来，以达到沟通思想感情、传播文化知、促进社会文明，特别是推动译语文化兴旺昌盛的目的。

（孙致礼）2．翻译的类别翻译的种类可从不同的视角来分类。

一般说来，翻译可从5种不同的角度来分类：1）从译出语和译入语的角度来分类，翻译可分为本族语译为外语外语译为本族语；2）从涉及到的语言符号来分类，翻译分为语内翻译（intralingualtranslation)、语际翻译(interlingual translation)和符际翻译(intersemiotic translation)；3) 从翻译的手段来分类，翻译可分为口译（oral interlingual translation）、笔译(written interlingual translation) 和机器翻译(machine translation)；4) 从翻译的题材来分类，翻译可分为专业文献翻译(translation of Englishfor science and technology)、文学翻译(literary translation)和一般性翻译(practical writing translation)；5）从翻译的处理方式来分类，翻译可分为全译（full translation）、摘译（partial translation）和编译（translation plus editing）。

2017四年级英语上册第四单元教案分析

2017四年级英语上册第四单元教案分析2017鍥涘勾绾ц?Unit 4鍗曞厓鍒嗘瀽涓€銆?1銆佹湰鍗曞厓瑕佹眰浼氬惉锛岃study bathroom bedroom living room kitchen phone bed sofa shelf fridge table it鈥檚=it is aren鈥檛=are not they鈥檙e=they are 2?hey theyopen the door on the table near the phone in the door 3?4??1忎竴璇句細璇濄€?2銆佹帉鎻℃湰鍗曞厓鍑虹幇鐨勭敓璇嶏紝璇嶇粍鍜屽瓧姣嶃€?3銆佷細鍞辨湰鍗曞厓鐨勬瓕鏇层€?涓夈€佹暀瀛﹂噸鐐瑰拰闅剧偣1殑鍗曡瘝濡俠athroom ,bedroom ,living room, kitchen鐨勬帉鎻′pen the door on the table near the phone in the door鐨勬帉鎻°€?2hank you , Excuse me, After you鈥濈殑鎺屾彙涓庡簲鐢ㄣ€?3銆佹弿杩板崸瀹や腑鎵?鍥涖€佹暀瀛︽椂闂?冨叡6璇炬椂锛屾瘡鍛?璇炬椂锛?鍛ㄥ畬鎴愩€?Lesson 19 1.Teaching aims To act quickly after listening to the T. Master the sentences: This is my home. You can see a bedroom... New words: study bathroom bedroom living room kitchen Practice: Thisis my home. You can see a bedroom, a living room鈥?2. Teaching aids Atape-recorder A picture Several word cards 3. Important points The pronunciation of the new words 4.Teaching steps 1) Greetings Do some oral work and sing a song. 2) New contents At first, the teacher shows Amy鈥檚house using the computer. 鈥淲hat can you see in the picture?鈥?鈥淚can see a study.鈥?鈥淚can see a bedroom.鈥?鈥︹€? 5.Homework Work To say the sentences smoothly Listen to the tape and recite the new words. 1. Teaching notes Lesson 20 1.Teaching content 1) Learn the dialogue and act it out. 2) Let them master the sentences 1. Teaching aims Master the phrases: in the living room, in the study, in your desk, in your hand鈥?Use the dialogue smoothly. 3. Important points The pronunciation of the new words4.Teaching aids A tape-recorder A picture Several word cards5.Teaching steps 1. Greeting Sing an English song. Ask the students to introduce their homes. 2.Revision Learn the drills and practice the drills. T: What鈥檚this? Ss: An eraser. T: yes, what does it like? S: It looks like a fish. T: Where is my eraser? Is she in the鈥? Ss: Yes, she is.(No, she isn鈥檛.) Show them several pictures. T: Oh, how beautiful! Where is it? S: This is my bedroom.(This is my Living-room. This is my bathroom.) T: Is this your ..? S: Yes, it is.(No, isn鈥檛.) Game. -Where is my pen? -Is it in the 鈥? - No, isn鈥檛. - Is it in the 鈥? -Yes, it is. Tell them the difference between 鈥淚s it鈥?鈥?and 鈥淚s she鈥?鈥?Listen to the tape and imitate. Practice in groups and act it out.6.Homework To say the sentences smoothly Recite the dialogue and listen to tape. 2. Teaching notes Lesson 21 1.Teaching Aims Let them master the words : home room school classroom (listening speaking reading and writing) And the sentences Welcome to my ome 鈥︹€?This is my oom 鈥︹€?When they see the pictures, they can recognize and say their English names.. 2.Teaching Aids a tape recorder cards pictures 3.Important points 4-skill words: home room school classroom 4.Teaching steps 1).Greeting and organization Sing an English song and do oral work. 2). Revision A:Act the dialogue of lesson 21 B: Review these words: Home room school classroom 3).Presentation Read the words and spell them. Ask a student come to the front to read all the words, and the others after him or her. 4).Practice Listen to the tape, imitate and practice the sentences. Read and spell the words. 5. Homework Spell the words , then write them: Home room school classroom 1. Teaching notes Lesson 22 1.Teaching Aims Let the students master thewords and phrase : phone bed shelf fridge table sofa Let the students listen and read these drill: Sit on 鈥?Make 鈥?Watch TV. Answer鈥?Open鈥?Set鈥?2.Teaching Aids a tape recorder cards pictures 3.Important points Learn to say the words: phone shelf fridge table sofa When they see the subject, they can recognize and say their English names.. 4.Teaching steps 1).Greeting and organization Sing a song and do a oral work. 2). Revision Review these words: Home room school classroom3).Presentation The teacher shows the phone of the room and points at something one by one, and the students say it in English. In this way, learn to say the new words: phone shelf fridge table bed sofa Ask a student come to the front to read all the words, and the others read after him. 4).Play a game: Passing the eight words between eight groups, and then checking which group did quickly and right.5).Practice Listen to the tape, imitate and practice the words:phone鈥?Read and spell the words. 6).Let鈥檚do Sit on the sofa. Make the bed. Watch TV. Answer the phone. Open the fridge. Set the table. 5.Homework 1. Listen and read the new words and drill. 2. Recite 鈥淟et鈥檚do鈥? 2. Teaching Notes Lesson 23 1.Teaching content 1) Drills A: Are they on the 鈥? A: Are they near鈥? B: Yes, they are. (No, they aren鈥檛.) 2)Learn the dialogue and act it out . 3).Let鈥檚chant. 2. Teaching aims Let them master the short sentences: Open the door on the table near the phone Learn the new drills. Use the dialogue smoothly. 3.important points 1).The pronunciation of the new words 2). A: Are they on the 鈥? B: Yes, they are.(No, the are aren鈥檛) 4.Teaching aids A tape-recorder A picture Several word cards5.Teaching steps 1).Greeting and organization Sing an English song and do oral work. Ask the students to introduce their home. 2).At first, the teacher talk to the students. T: Where are the key(book鈥?? S: It鈥檚on the table(in the desk, near the phone 鈥? T: Where are the keys(books鈥?? S: They are on the table(in the desk, near the phone鈥? T: Are they on the table? S: Yes, they are.(No, they aren鈥檛.) Then learn to say the drills. And practise the drill with the Ss. From 鈥渢he T asks, the Sanswers鈥?to 鈥渢he S asks, the S answers.鈥?3) Then practise these drills smoothly. Play a game. S1:Where are the keys? S2:Are they in he 鈥? S3: No, they aren鈥檛. S2: Are they in the 鈥? S3: Yes, they are. Tell them the different of 鈥淚s it鈥?鈥?or 鈥淎re they鈥?鈥?Listen to the recorder and imitate. Work in groups and act it out. 6. Homework Recite the dialogue. To say the sentences smoothly 3. Teaching notes Lesson 24 1 .Teaching Aims 1)Let the students master the four-skill words : Window desk door chair bed 2)Let the students read these sentences: What can you see in my room? I can see鈥?When they see the objects, they can recognize and read them and do the action about them. 2 .Teaching Aids a tape recorder.3.Difficult words and emphasis: 4-skill letters and words: Window desk door chair bed4.Teaching steps 1)Organization Chant together and do a oral work. 2). Revision Spell the word: Window desk door chair bed Phrase: w_nd_w d_ _r d_sk ch___ b_d 3).Presentation When the teacher point at the subject, the students say the word and spell it. Then write these words. Read the drills smoothly:What can you see in my room? I can see鈥?Read and choose: Listen to the T and choose A,B,C or 4).Listen to the tape, imitate and read.. 5).Game The teacher asks a student come to the front of the class, and tell him/her a word, then asks other students guess the word.5.Homework Spell and write the four-skill words :。

外刊经贸知识选读,每课重要知识点,串讲,课文翻译第1课中国的对外贸易

第1课中国的对外贸易China in the Market Place 市场经济中的中国Barry Coulthurst examines the development of China’s trade policy and the present state of the overseas links巴里库尔塞斯特对中国贸易政策的演变和当前与海外经济往来状况的研究The pattern of China’s foreign trade has change d substantially since the founding of the People’s Republic.During the 1950s China exported agricultural products to the USSR and East European countries in return for manufactured goods and the capital equipment required for the country’s industrialisatio n programme which placed emphasis on the development of heavy industry.The Great Leap Forward of 1958-1959 initially produced gains in agricultural and industrial production, but subsequently resulted in serious economic imbalances.Economic problems were exacerbated by three bad harvests (1959-1961) with the result that national income and the volume of foreign trade contracted during 1960-1962.自从中华人民共和国成立以来，中国对外贸易的模式发生了巨大的变化。

国际贸易英语第一章讲义

International Trade TheoriesChapter 1 Benefits of International TradeIn this chapter, we first explain the meaning of international trade, and then turn our attention to benefits from international trade.Definition of International TradeInternational trade, sometimes also called international business or simply foreign trade, occurs when a firm exports goods or services to consumers in another country. Nowadays when talking about international trade we do not just mean selling and buying goods on an international scale but also cross-border trade in services and carrying out of investment activities abroad.The Benefits or Gains from International TradeWhy do nations trade with each other? The answer is simple: Because we can receive benefits or make gains from it.Now let’s have a look at the chief benefits from international trade.(1) Helping to raise the living standards of the peopleTake the United States. A great deal of its high standard of living depends on international trade. Without international trade the United States cannot become a kingdom of automobiles because most of its oil is imported from abroad. Without international trade the United States can not have enough tin, tungsten and chromium for certain industrial process because the United States has no deposits of them. Remember no country is able to produce everything it needs. That is an important reason for trade.(2) Helping to upgrade a country’s modernizationForeign trade can help a nation make money in the form of foreign exchange which can be used to finance its purchases of high technology needed for upgrading its modernization and speeding up its industrialization process.(3) Helping to solve a country’s shortage of capitalA lot of world’s enterprises, esp. those of the developing nations, are in desperate need of capital, for their expansion, for employing workers, for buying raw materials, for purchasing advanced equipment and carrying out the R & D programes. Such a problem can be solved by attracting foreign investment through forming joint ventures.(4) Helping to solve unemployment problemsFor both developed nations and developing nations export trade can provide more employment opportunities. Without foreign trade some people will lose their jobs.(5) Helping to promote mutual understanding and friendship between tradingThrough foreign trade a country can know more about a country’s economic situation, legal system, culture and customs. Businessmen or foreign trade workers of different countries become friends by trading with one another.(6) Helping to boost a country’s competitiveness in the world marketIf a country’s business wants to gain market access to a foreign country, it must be able to compete with its rivals with high quality goods, attractive designing, and better after-sales service.(7) Helping a country to accelerate its overall economic growthHere is a case in point. In 1970 living standards in Ghana (well-known for its cocoa) and South Korea were roughly comparable. Ghana’s GNP per capita was $250, and South Korea’s was$260. By 1995, the situation had dramatically changed. South Korea had a GNP per capita of $ 9,700 while Ghana’s only $390, reflecting a vastly different economic growth rate. Between 1968 and 1995, the average annual growth rate in Ghana’s GNP was under 1.4%. In contrast, South Korea achieved a growth rate of about 9% annually in the same period of time. Why the sharp difference? Of course there is no easy answer because many factors affect a country’s growth. But one thing is certain, that is, The South Korean government implemented policies that encouraged companies to engage in international trade, while the actions of the Ghanaian government discouraged domestic producers from becoming involved in international trade. That is why some economists say foreign trade can be compared to the engine of economic growth.New Words1. cross-border 跨国境的2. tin 锡3. tungsten 铬4. chromium 钨5. deposit(s) 贮藏量6. to finance 为……提供资金7. to upgrade 使升级，提升8. vastly 巨大地9. industrialization 工业化10. firm 公司，企业11. modernization 现代化12. automobiles （美）汽车（常用auto）13. to boost 增加14. competitiveness 竞争力15. to accelerate 加快16. to implement 执行（政策等）Useful Phrases and Idiomatic Expressions1. on an international scale 在国际范围内2. a case in point 恰当的例子，例证3. to engage in 从事与4. to discourage sb. from doing sth. 不鼓励某人做某事，劝阻某人不做某事5. to be compared to 将……比作6. in the form of 以……形式，用……方式7. in contrast 相形之下8. to turn one’s attention to 将某人注意力转向ExercisesI. Answer the following questions:1. What is meant by international trade?2. What are the chief benefits from international trade?3. Give examples to show that no country is able to produce everything it needs.4. Does international trade have negative effects on a country’s economic development?II. Translate the following into English:1. 对外贸易可以给一国带来以下七个方面的好处：（1）通过对外贸易可以充分利用国外资源，协调发展它的国民经济；（2）通过与其他国家的贸易可以引进先进的技术设备，促进生产率的提高；（3）可以帮助它扩大资本的积累；（4）帮助一个国家进口国内无法生产的产品，更好满足国内人民的需求；（5）通过国际贸易可使一国参加国际分工；（6）通过国际贸易带动一国经济发展；（7）通过国际贸易发展对外经贸关系和扩大影响力。

六年级上册英语教案Unit 1 In China Lesson 1人教-word文档资料

Unit 1 In ChinaLesson 1她是一位美丽善良的母亲。

在这辽阔的国土上有着神奇的景观，山川与河流，还有一群勤劳美丽而善良的民族。

那么，就让我们一起更加真切地了解认识我们的祖国吧。

1. Be able to listen and read the words and dialogues: morning tea,早茶 soup 汤; the Potala Palace, 布达拉宫；the Summer Palace, 颐和园； the Terracotta Army 兵马俑。

能够运用已学功能句操练本课新学词汇。

2. Be able to ask and answer questions.【能力目标】对听说读写能力都要有意识地发展锻炼，学生能够掌握重点单词的读写及其对应含义，这也有助于自然地学习英语句型。

What did you go on your summer vacation? I went to... with my parents.能够用英语流利表达自己过去做的事情，学会用一般过去时回答完别人的问题。

【情感目标】学习英语最大的乐趣就是能够理解运用。

多了解英语与汉语不同的地方，也要善于要拓展学习其他方面，多参加课外活动。

老师要学着寓教于乐地教学，让英语学习成为孩子们生活中的一种乐趣，沟通和学习的工具。

1. The relevant words and dialogues.2. Be able to do some free talk with the words.【教学难点】The relevant words and dialogues.Teacher can ask them some places about China.T: Do you like playing games?S: Yes!T: OK! Let’s see how to play a game and introduce the rules of the game. Are you clear? Students: Yes!T: Now let’s work in two people.学生两人一组进行游戏，班内展示，及时评价。

TheForeignTradeofChina-中国的外贸

TheForeignTradeofChina-中国的外贸The Foreign Trade of China-中国的外贸The Foreign Trade of ChinaDirections: For this part, you are to write a compolsition of no less than 100 wolds on The Foreign Trade of China.Study the following table carefully and your composition must be bascd on the infor marion given in the table. Write three paragraphs to:1. Write general situation of import and export.2. Analyze the amount of import and export.3. Draw your own conclusion.You should quote as few figures as possible.The Foreign Trade of ChinaThe table shows China import and export situation. The amount of imports and exports incresed steadily from 1950 to 1985. The amount of imports is greater than the exports.The foreign trade amount in 1985 was fifty times as much as in 1950. The export. amount in 1985 was forty times than it of 1950. The import amount in 1985 was 125, 730 million yuan, an increase of sixty fold over 1950. The import amount bad been about the same as the export amount until 1981. In 1983 we had an export surplus of 1700 million yuan, But the trade deficit in 1985 amounted to 44,850 million yuan.The rapid growth of the amount of import and export owes much to the open door policy. Steps should be taken to increase the export amount.中国的外贸图表说明中国的进出口状况，从1950年至1985年，进口量和出口量迅速增长。

国际商务英语教程第三版课后答案

Lesson 2II1.In recent years, as the country’s vigorous economic development hasfacilitated its foreign trade, its total export and import value between 193 and 2003 increased by 20%, as compared with only 7.5% between 1982 and 1992.2.The greatly improved communications and transportation resultingfrom technological progress have speeded up the movements of merchandise, personnel and information between different countries and lowered operating costs, thus bringing about the rapid growth of international business.3.Today fewer restrictions on the cross-border movements ofmerchandise and services imposed by governments of all countries enable these countries’ residents to have access to goods and services at lower prices and make it possible for domestic enterprises to raise efficiency because of foreign competition.4.In order to support and facilitate international business, companies andgovernments have developed relevant services such as the establishment of bank credit agreements, the conclusion of clearing arrangements and the enactment of the international postal agreement, thus ensuring the successful handling and growth of international business.5.Under the pressure of increased foreign competition, in order tomaintain competitiveness and seek survival and development, companies have to extend their operations to international markets, respond to foreign sales opportunities and vigorously increase their international business.Lesson 3I.1. Large increase in industrial and agricultural production in manycountries and regions2. Lead to industrial countries’rapidly rising demand for food and rawmaterials3. The import volume of industrial products that has increased 15 times4. A drastically/sharply increased demand for agricultural exports fromdeveloping countries5. A decrease in the demand for natural raw materials such as cotton andnatural rubber.6. The development of the production of synthetic substitutes and anincrease in their output.7. Contribute to the industrial development and economic growth ofdeveloping countries8. The important beneficial effects that international trade has on theeconomic development of all countries9. be conducive to the development of less developed countries’manufacturing and production of manufactured goods.10 stimulate and facilitate the international flow of capital betweendeveloped and developing nations11. The vehicle for the transmission of new technology and newmanagerial skill12. The less developed countries that have reaped major benefits frominternational trade.13. The relationship between international trade and long-run economicdevelopment14. Absorb advanced technology from developed nations at a faster rate. II.1.The emergence and development of international trade has promotedthe normal operation and constant expansion of all countries’ process of reproduction, raise their levels of productive forces, contributed to the internationalization of production and capital and brought about the economic development in other fields.2.Focusing on the effects of exports on employment and income,Keynes and his followers hold that a trade surplus can expand means of payment, lower interest rates and spur a price increase and investment, thus contributing to the alleviation of a country’s domestic crisis and an increase in employment.3.Some other economists believe that the emergence and developmentof international trade can expand commodity markets, promote technological progress and an improvement in the process of production, spur an increase in output and contribute to a change in the structure of investment, thus leading to the development of the entire national economy.4.The development of foreign trade achieved by developing countriesbrings about an increase in foreign exchange earnings and the introduction/ importation of advanced/ up-to-date foreign technology, which plays an important role in making good these countries’shortage of capital and promoting their technological progress.5.In the past years, along with absorbing foreign capital, China hasspared no effort to develop its foreign trade, imported large quantities of precision machinery and equipment and sophisticated technology, exported various kinds of industrial and agricultural products, thus greatly contributing to economic development and the achievement of socialist modernization.Lesson 4 II1．Nontariff trade barriers，which refer to the protectionist measures characterized by quantitative import restrictions，are used by developed countries and some developing countries to interfere with and impede the free flow of merchandise and services be．tween nations．2．Since the mid．1970s，as a result of the outbreak of the global economic crises，accompanied by the intensification of contention for international markets, the developed countries have been forced to resort to nontariff trade barriers designed to restrict imports, in an attempt to overcome their difficulties．3．Like tariff trade barriers，nontariff trade barriers have the effects of restricting imports and bringing about price increases in the domestic market of an importing country，thus imposing a heavy burden on the people of Western developed countries.4．In recent years, some trade policies and regulations carried out by the United States have discriminated against China and imposed severe restrictions on some of its exports to the United States．5．It is likely that in the future the United States and other Western countries will still impose restrictions 011 the exports of China’s textiles and other labor—intensive products，to which China will strongly(decidedly)0biect．Lesson 5II1.In order to move efficiently the goods to importing country, the exportfirm must perform three essential functions involving a series of activities in the export transaction.2.Before an export transaction is carried out, the exporter must eitherconduct a check on the new customer’s financial and credit standing through an international credit report or revise the old customer’s credit standing and payment record.3.As an important component of the export process, the exporter andimporter negotiate the sales terms and conditions, the obligations of both parties, and other terms of the sales contract.4.An agreement that the exporter and importer have entered into onsales terms and conditions becomes a binding contract, which is a firm commitment that is acceptable to both buyer and seller after it is confirmed by both parties in writing.5.In the whole export process, the importer is often required to obtain animport license and sometimes also a foreign exchange permit in order that the goods conform to the importing country’s import regulations and smoothly reach the importer.Lesson 6II1．A sales channel in international trade refers to the process of circulation in which goods flow from a country’s producer to the foreign ultimate customer or user and to the intermediary commercial establishments through which title to goods is transferred．2. In the process of international commodity circulation，whether a saleschannel is unimpeded and highly efficient or not directly affects the turnover rate，profit and market share of goods．3．Acting as the export sales department for many manufacturers，an export management company either purchases goods directly from manufacturers and then resells them overseas for its Own account Or operates on a commission basis．4．Acting as an independent sales agent on a case-by-case basis, an export trading agent on a case-by-company performs a sourcing or wholesale function between buyer and seller without assuming any responsibility to either party in a transaction．5．Local distributors in the host country are used by many manufacturers as a sales channel to facilitate foreign sales，since they are familiar with the host country’s market situation and its social and economic environments and are able to carry out the best market strategy and manage after-sale customer service．Lesson 7 II1. Trade terms are used to specify the structure of export prices and thedivision of responsibility and liability between the seller and the buyer with regard to procedures, cost and risks that are involved in delivering goods to the buyer by the seller.2. Under the CIF term, the seller must also provide a complete set ofshipping documents including transportation and insurance documents at his own expense.3. If we conclude business with you on CFR basis, how much can youreduce from your CIF price so that we can make a comparison (…so that we can compare them)4. Will you please make us an offer for Forever Brand Bicycles 26”?Please quote your lowest CIF New York price based on a minimum order of 10,000 units.5. We can make the following offer:Article: HL 302 Drawer LockPrice: at U.S. $5 per piece EXW ShanghaiAnnual minimum order: 100,000 piecesPacking: in cartonsPayment: by irrevocable L/C available by sight draftDelivery: 60 days after receipt of L/CRevision 1IV.1.In 1980, the average annual growth rate of low income developingcountries’GDP was 5.9 percent, as compared with 3.5 percent of middle-income countries and 1.4 percent for industrialized countries.2.The completion of this railroad and its opening traffic will contributeto the expansion of economic exchange between China’s southwesternregion and its coastal region and the economic development and prosperity of the country’s entire southwestern region.3.The economic situation of this less developed country resulting/arising from the drastic/ sharp decrease in foreign market demand is characterized by a substantial decline in exports, the reduced industrial and agricultural production, a drastic increase in unemployment and an enlarged payments deficit.4.As the management of this large supermarket realized that theemployees were most familiar with/ were well aware of the problems in business management, it decided to rely more on them rather than on a few managerial personnel in improving the enterprise’s business management.5.The renowned/ well-known economist stated at a symposium thatprivate enterprises could play an important role in the country’s economic construction by virtue of their large numbers of business units and personnel scattered all over the country and their enormous capital and facilities.6.In 2004 the huge U.S. current account and budget deficits and theselling of U.S. dollars in large amounts in international financial markets brought about the continuous devaluation in the U.S. dollar relative to other currencies.7.The foreign exchange regulations recently issued by the financialauthorities of that Asian country are designed mainly to crack down on foreign exchange speculation and stabilize foreign exchange markets.8.At that time, the top executives of many large U.S. companies stressedthat the restrictions imposed on the exports of high-tech products to China by the U.S. government caused/did great harm not only to China but also to the U.S. economy.9.In late 2003, the former Vice Minister of the Ministry of ForeignTrade and Economic Cooperation held the post as dean of that university’s School of Management on a full-time basis.10.As the United States has restricted some of the European Union’sagricultural exports to it, it is likely that the European Union will retaliate by imposing restrictions on the imports of some agricultural products from the United States.11.As a result of the rapid development of the Chinese economy, China,which has a population of 1.3 billion and makes up about one-fifth of the world population, accounts for an increasingly large share in the consumption of goods and products in the world ranging from aluminum to washing machine.12.In the all of that year, at a meeting held in New York, the U.S.Secretary of State and the Chinese Foreign Minister discussed a series of important bilateral and international issues, focusing on China’s accession to the WTO.13.Since China’s resumption of its legitimate seat at the United Nations,it has had access to loans from the World Bank used to finance the important projects in its economic and cultural construction.14.A s a high-tech enterprise producing sophisticated products, the jointventure has access to preferential loans in both the domestic and foreign currencies so as to ensure the funds needed for the development of its production.15.T hat year, at the U.N. General Assembly, the representative of thatdeveloping country strongly objected to the proposal made by a few developed countries designed to discriminate against the developing countries in the field of international trade.Lesson 81.In export trade/ in exporting, railroad transportation, which ischaracterized by large shipments and high speed of transportation and is not subject to seasonal changes and climatic conditions, can be undertaken/ conducted regularly, systematically, accurately and throughout the year.2.Air transportation, which ensures the quick and punctual arrival at adestination of goods of small size, light weight and high value as well as those of timeliness, has accounted for an increasing share in the transportation in international trade.3.The insurer is obligated to compensate for a total loss or partial loss ofor damage to goods incurred in an accident to the carrier in the process of transportation in international trade.4.The insurer is not obligated to compensate for any losses or costsaccounted for by decreases in the prices and delays in the transportation of goods insured in the process of international air transportation.5.The departmental manager of an exporting firm, who is acquaintedwith shipping and insurance maters, arranges for shipping and insurance of export goods after receiving an order for goods from abroad.Lesson 91.In export transactions/ in exporting, the export firm is required topresent various documents issued/ made out by itself and other units or government agencies, which represents the partial fulfilment of export contractual obligations.2.A commercial invoice, which is a list of delivery sent/ issued/ madeout to the importer by the exporter and with which the latter receives payment from the former, is the major document for the delivery of goods and clearance of accounts between the seller and the buyer.3.An ocean bill of lading, a document issued by the captain or an agentof the carrier, certifies the receipt of the specified goods and ensures the shipment of them to the named destination and the delivery ofthem to the consignee.4.Special inspection certificates are those issued by the commodityinspection agency after its inspection and identification of the content of containers or means of transport in the shipment of import and export goods.5.The adoption by the customs of the importing country of differentpolicies toward and different kinds of tariff treatment for imports from different countries is based on a certificate of origin, which is designed to certify the place of origin or production of the merchandise. Lesson 101.The choice of the international commercial terms of payment dependson such factors as the burden of funds, market conditions and costs and procedures as well as the credit standing of the opposite party in the transaction.2.For the exporter, letters of credit are the most favorable term ofpayment except for cash in advance, under which he ordinarily can receive payment if he presents proper documents to a specified bank in the exporting country.3.With the issuance of a letter of credit, payment must be made by thebuyer when proper documents are presented by the seller, but since the seller sometimes fails to comply with the terms of the contract, the buyer should assume the seller’s credit risk.4.A bill of exchange is a document drawn by the exporter which ordersthe importer as the drawee to make an unconditional payment of a certain amount of money to a specified payee either immediately or within a certain period.5.Cash in advance is the most favorable term of payment for theexporter, for sine he can receive payment before getting the goods ready for shipment, he hardly needs to assume the buyer’s credit risk and can complete the transaction without need of investing any funds.。

Lesson 1 China’s Foreign Trade