钻井工程术语大全
钻井工程的180个术语
钻井工程的一些术语1、井：以勘探开发石油和天然气为目的的，在地层中钻出的具有一定深度的圆柱形孔眼。
2、井口：井的开口端。
3、井底：井的底端。
4、裸眼：未下套管部分的井段。
5、井深：从转盘补心面至井底的深度。
6、井壁：井眼的圆柱形表面。
7、环空：井中下有管柱时，井壁与管柱或管柱与管柱之间的圆环形截面的柱状空间。
8、井眼轴线：井眼的中心线。
9、井身结构：指的是钻头钻深、相应井段的钻头直径、下入的套管层数、直径及深度、各层套管外的水泥返高以及人工井底等。
10、人工井底：设计的最下部油层下的阻流环或水泥塞面。
(注：该定义不全面，人工井底是可变的)11、井的类别：按一定依据划分的井的总类。
按钻井的目的可分为探井和开发井等；按完钻后的井深可分为浅井(<1200m)、中深井(1200～3000m)、深井(3000～5000m)和超深井(>5000m)；按井眼轴线形状可分为直井和定向井。
12、探井：指以了解地层的时代、岩性、厚度、生储盖的组合和区域地质构造，地质剖面局部构造为目的，或在确定的有利圈闭上和已发现油气的圈闭上，以发现油气藏、进一步探明含油气边界和储量以及了解油气层结构为目的所钻的各种井，包括地层探井、预探井、详探井和地质浅井。
13、开发井：指为开发油气田所钻的各种采油采气井、注水注气井，或在已开发油气田内，为保持一定的产量并研究开发过程中地下情况的变化所钻的调整井、补充井、扩边井、检查资料井等。
14、直井：井眼轴线大体沿铅垂方向，其井斜角、井底水平位移和全角变化率均在限定范围内的井。
15、定向井：沿着预先设计的井眼轨道，按既定的方向偏离井口垂线一定距离，钻达目标的井。
16、丛式井：在一个井场上或一个钻井平台上，有计划地钻出两口或两口以上的定向井(可含一口直井)。
17、救援井：为抢救某一口井喷、着火的井而设计、施工的定向井。
18、多底井：一个井口下面有两个或两个以上井底的定向井。
19、大斜度井：最大井斜角在60°～86°的定向井。
钻井工程常用术语
钻井工程常用名词术语钻井总论钻井drilling 钻井方法drilling method 顿钻钻井cable drilling杆式顿钻rod tool drilling 绳式顿钻cable tool drilling轻便钻井portable drilling 直井straight hole 深井deep well超深井super deep well 地热井geothermal well热采井thermal production well 工程井engineering rejection well 工程报废井abandoned well 弃井abandoned well钻井设计well design 钻井质量drilling quality岩石的物理机械性质physical-mechanical properties of rock矿物的微硬度micro—hardness of rook肖氏岩石硬度Shores hardness 史氏岩石硬度Shi's hardness 矿物的弹性模量elastic modulus of mineral岩石的弹性模量elastic modulus of rock矿物的泊松比Poissons ratio mineral岩石的泊松比Poissons ratio rock矿物的切变模量shear modulus of mineral岩石的切变模量shear modulus of rock矿物和岩石的体积压缩模量bulk compressibility mineral and rock 岩石的体积压缩系数coefficient of bulk compressibility mineral and rock岩石的抗拉伸强度tensile strength of rock岩石的直接拉伸试验direct tensile test of rock岩石的巴西劈裂拉伸实验Brazilian test of rock·岩石的筒形抗内压胀裂试验burst test of hollow cyling by internal pressure岩石的常规抗压缩强度compressive strength of rock岩石的抗剪切强度shear strength of rock岩石的抗剪切强度试验shear test of rock岩石的三轴强度试验tri—axial test of rock岩石的常规三轴试验ordinary tri-axial test of rock岩石的真三轴试验true tri-axial test of rock脆性岩石brittle rock 塑性岩石plastic rock岩石的假塑性破坏pseudo-plastic breakage of rock岩石塑性系数coefficient of plasticity of rock岩石的脆塑性转变压力(临界压力）brittle plastic transitional pressure of rock岩石的库仑纳维尔强度准则Conlomb-Navier strength criterion of rock 岩石的内磨擦角和内磨擦系数angle of interal friction and coefficient of interal friction of rock岩石的莫尔强度准则Mohr strength criterion of rock岩石的格里菲斯脆性破坏准则Griffith criterion of brittle failure of rock统计强度理论statistical strength theory岩石的表面破碎surface fracture of rock岩石的疲劳破碎fatigue fracture of rock岩石的体积破碎volumetric fracture of rock岩石的单位体积破碎pecific volumetric fracture work of rock地应力in situ stress岩层的水平测向应力horizontal stress of strata测向系数coefficient of lateral pressure围压confining pressure 有效应力effective stress压持效应chip hold effect 岩石硬度减低剂rock hardness reducer岩石的可钻性drill ability of rock 岩石的研磨性rock abrasiveness钻具drilling tool 钻柱drill stem 复合钻柱combination string满眼钻柱packed hole assembly 踏式钻铤组合tapered drill collar string 钟摆钻具pendulum assembly 偏重钻铤unbalanced drill collar钻柱弯曲buckling of drill string钻具的扭转震动twisting vibration of drill string钻杆疲劳破坏fatigue-failure of drill string 上紧矩make-up torque应力减轻槽stress-relief groove 减震器vibration dampener稳定器stabilizer 井眼大扩器reamer 钻井液drilling fluids水基钻井液water—base drilling fluids淡水钻井液fresh-water drilling fluids低固相钻井液low solids fluids低固相不分散钻井液low solids non-dispersed polymer drilling fluids抑制性钻井液inhibitive drilling fluids盐水钻井液salt—water drilling fluids饱和盐水钻井液saturated salt-water drilling fluids钙处理钻井液calcium treated drilling fluids钾盐钻井液potassium drilling fluids混油钻井液oil—emulsion drilling fluids生物聚合物钻井液biodegrability drilling fluids油基钻井液oil base drilling fluids反相乳化钻井液invert-emulsion drilling fluids平衡活度钻井液balanced activity drilling fluids泡沫钻井液foam drilling fluids 密闭液sealing fluids完井液completion fluids 封隔夜packer fluids解卡浸泡液stuck freeing spotting fluids钻井液性能properties of drilling fluids滤失filtration API滤失量API filtration高温高压滤失量high temperature and high pressure filtration动滤失量dynamic filtration 滤饼filter cake 含砂量sand content 钻井液固相含量solids content in drilling fluids亚甲基兰实验methylene blue test石灰含量lime content estimation钻井液的酚酞碱度P m alkalinity 滤液酚酞碱度P t alkalinity 滤液甲基橙碱度M f alkalinity 造浆率yield破乳电压emulsion-breaking voltage钻井液流变性drilling fluids rheology 漏斗粘度funnel viscosity触变性thixotropic behavior 静切力gel strength初切力initial gel strength 终切力10—minuto gel strength 剪切降粘特性shear—thinning behavior钻井液受污染contamination of drilling fluids粘土侵clay contamination 盐侵salt contamination盐水侵salt water contamination 钙侵calcium contamination砂侵sand contamination 水侵water contamination气侵gas contamination 钻井液处理剂mud additives降失水剂filtrate or reduction agents 增粘剂thickening agent膨润土增效剂agents of increasing bentonite降粘剂thinning agents 加重剂weighting agents堵漏剂lost circulation materials 水敏性页岩water-sensitive shale膨润土的预水化pre—hydrated bentonite 固相控制solid control 钻屑cutting 砂sand 泥silt 胶体颗粒colloidal solids钻进drilling 钻进技术drilling technology钻进技术参数drilling parameters 钻压weight on bit悬重和钻重string suspending weight and drilling weight转速rpm—revolution per minute 排量rate of flow零轴向点zero axial stress point 中性点neutral point开钻spud in 完钻finishing drilling 送钻bit feed方余和方入kelly-up and kelly-in 进尺footage机械钻速penetration rate 鳖钻bit bouncing 跳钻bit jumping干钻drilling at circulation break 打倒车reverse rotation table钻头泥包bit balling 划眼redressing 扩眼reamin1放空drilling break 吊打easing the bit in 纠斜hole straightening 侧钻sidetracking 单根single 双根double立根stand 接单根king a connection 起下钻trips知起下钻short tripping 活动钻具move the drill string上卸扣make up and break out 换钻头change bit鼠洞rat hole 小鼠洞mouse hole 喷射钻井jet—bit drilling射流jet flow 冲击射流impact jet flow 汽蚀射流·cavitation jet 射流扩散角和扩散系数spread angle and spread coefficient of jet射流等速·patential core of jet 漫流cross flow 射流喷速jet velocity 射流速度降低系数decreasing coefficient of jet velocity射流动压力dynamic pressure of jet flow射流压力降低系数coefficient of jet—flow pressure drop射流冲击力jet impact force 射流水功率jet hydraulic-power喷射距离jet length 清洗井底bottom-hole cleaning钻头压降bit pressure—drop 钻头水功率bit hydraulic horse—power喷嘴nozzle 等变速喷嘴nozzle with iso-variable velocity流线形喷嘴streamline nozzle 喷嘴流量系数nozzle orifico coefficient钻井液循环系统drilling fluids circulating system钻井液流态flow pattern 平板层流flat plate laminar flowZ值Z—value 喷射钻井的工作方式The working regime of jet drilling最大钻头水功率工作方式The regime of the maximum bit hydra-ulic horse—power最大射流冲击力方式the regime of the maximum jet-impact force最大射流喷速工作方式The regime of the maximum jet velocity经济水功率工作方式the regime of the economic hydraulic horse—powerjet bit 喷射式钻头optimum rate of mud flow 最优喷嘴直径optimum nozzlo diameter临界井深和极限井深critical well depth and limited well depth钻井泵的工作状态the working regime of drilling pump钻井泵的最大排工作状态（额定工作功率工作状态）the maximum flow rate regime of the drilling pump （the rated power regime of the drilling pump)钻井泵的调节排量工作状态（允许压力工作状态）the regulated flow rate regime of the drilling pump(the rated power regime of the drilling pump）携带岩屑cutting carrying 岩屑运移比cutting transport ratio环空岩屑浓度solid concentration in annular space钻井泵效率rate of utilized power of the drilling pump钻井泵水功济利用率rate of utilized hydraulic power of the drilling pump优化钻井技术optimum drilling technology 控制井control well钻井可控参数controllable drilling variables钻井不可控参数non controllable drilling variables钻井目标函数（钻井泛函）objective function of drilling procedure钻进过程的数学模型mathematical model for drilling procedure钻速方程equation for drilling rate二元钻速方程drilling rate equation in two variables多元钻速方程multi—variable drilling rate equation最大允许钻压maximum allowable weight on bit最优钻压optimum weight on bit 钻速系数factor of penetration rate 地层研磨性系数factor of formation abrasiveness牙齿磨损系数tooth wear coefficient轴承工作系数working coefficient of bearing五点法钻速试验“five spot” drill—off test井下动力钻井hole bottom power drilling涡轮钻井turbo—drilling 涡轮钻具turbo-drill 电动钻具electric drill 螺杆钻具positive displacement motor涡轮工作特性characteristics of turbine涡轮的水力载荷hydraulic load on turbo—drill涡轮钻具井底工作特性hole-bottom working characteristics of turbo—drill涡轮钻具最优工作区optimized working zone of turbo—drill涡轮钻具合理转速optimum revolution of turbo—drill涡轮钻具最优排量optimum capacity of turbo-drill涡轮不稳定工作区unstable working range turbo—drill有效钻压effective bit—weight涡轮钻具井底功率传递系数transfer coefficient of bottom hole power of turbo—drill涡轮钻具特性系数characteristic coefficient of turbo—drill涡轮的水力效率hydraulic efficiency of turbo—drill涡轮钻具合理钻进深度optimum drill depth of turbo-drill涡轮-泵组联合特性combined characteristics of turbo-drill—pump涡轮钻具轴向间隙的调节axial clearance regulation of turbo-drill钻具滤清器drill pipe filter 启动阀starter gate valve低速大扭矩涡轮钻具love-speed high-torque turbo-drill复式涡轮钻具compound turbo-drill定向井directional well 定向要素directional elements井斜角inclination 方位角azimuth 井斜变化率rate of inclination change方位变化率rate of azimuth change 井眼曲率hole curvature垂深和测深vertical depth and measured 水平投影长度hole deviation 水平位移displacement or closure distance 多底井multi-bore well水平井horizontal well 丛式井cluster well or multiple wells救除井relief well 双筒井dual wells套管开窗starting window on casing 造斜deflecting or building angle 增斜increasing hole angle or build—up hole angle降斜decreasing hole angle or build—off hole angle稳斜maintain angle井身垂直投影图vertical projection of borehole井身水平投影图horizontal projection of borehole正切法tangential method 平衡正切法balanced tangential method 平均角法average angle method曲率半径法radius of curvature method 圆弧法arc method 最小曲率法minimum curvature method圆柱螺线法cylinder helix method 悬链线轨迹·catenary shape profile 控制圆柱control cylinder 造斜工具deflecting tool槽式变向器whip—stock 短涡轮short turbo—drill钻铤造斜短节short bent collar 涡轮偏心短节turbo—eccentric sub 复式弯涡轮bent multi-turbo-drill水力斜接头hydraulic bent sub Dyna-flex 瓦片变向器rebel tool造斜工具面tool face 造斜率rate of over—all angle change井眼方位漂移walk of hole 装置角tool of rotation工具面角tool face azimuth 动力钻具反扭角reactive torque定向方位角tool face bearing or tool face setting磁偏角magnetic declination 随钻测量measurement while drill(MWD）单点测斜仪single shot instrument多点测斜仪multi—shot instrument 陀螺测斜仪gyroscopic instrument 定向orientation定向下钻orientation while going in hole磁力定向法magnetic orientation method斜口管鞋定向法mule—shoe orientation method取心coring 岩心core 岩心收获率recovery of core取心方法coring method局部反循环取心coring with local inverse circulation长筒取心core drilling with long core barrel密闭取心sealing core drilling保压取心core drilling with keeping formation pressure定向取心orientation coring 绳索取心wire line coring取心工具coring tools 岩心筒core barrel单筒式岩心筒single type core barrel双筒式岩心筒core barrel of double tube swivel type内岩心筒inside core barrel 外岩心筒outside core barrel喷射式岩心筒core barrel of jet type 取心钻头coring bit牙轮取心钻头coring cone bit 金钢石取心钻头diamond coring bit硬质合金取心钻头hard metal coring bit 涡轮取心钻头turbo—core bit 涡轮取心钻具turbo-core drill 岩心爪core gripper卡瓦式岩心爪core gripper with slip卡簧式岩心爪core gripper with slip-spring板簧式岩心爪卡core gripper with slip—spider箍式岩心爪core gripper with slip-collar割取岩心core breaking机械加压割心法core breaking by mechanical loading投球割心core breaking by hydraulic pressure投砂割心core breaking by pumping down顶岩心core extracting各种压力概念concept of pressure 静液压力hydrostatic pressure钻井液压力drilling fluid column pressure孔隙压力pore pressure (formation pressure)上覆岩层压力overburden pressure 颗粒压力grain to grain pressure 压力梯度pressure gradient 压力监控pressure detection and control 异常压力及其形成abnormal pressure and it’s formation压力异常abnormal pressure 压实作用compaction欠压实imcompaction 不渗透围栅·permeabillity barrier快速沉积rapid deposition构造型异常高压structural abnormal pressure 地层压力检测方法method of formation pressure detection地震资料法seismic data method机械钻速法penetration rate method d指数法d—exponent method dc指数法dc-exponent method标准化钻速法normalized penetration rate页岩密度法shale density溢流观测法take a kick 天然气录井检测法gas logging氯化物检测法chloride log 钻井液录井法drilling fluid log返出钻井液温度检测法flow-line temperature化石资料法paleo—information 地球物理检测法wire-line logs中途测试drill—stem testing 完井测试well completing test综合录井仪computerlized apply drilling technology地层破裂压力formation fracture pressure地层破裂压力预报方法formation fracture pressure prediction漏失试验法leak—off test胡伯特-威利斯法Hubbert and Willis approach马修斯—凯利法method of Matthews and Kelly伊顿法method of Eaton 安德森法Anderson’s method艾克斯劳格法Exlog method 黄荣樽法Huang’s method地层井眼系统的压力平衡balance of formation-borehole system地层压力当量钻井液密度equivalent drilling fluid density钻井液当量循环密度equivalent circulating density附加压力当量钻井液密度additional pressure equivalent density当量深度equivalent depth 钻柱排代量drilling fluid displacement 波动压力（激动压力)surge pressure 抽汲压力swabbing pressure气体上窜gas channeling天然气偏差因子the coefficient of gas compressibility溢流overflow 井涌kick 井喷well blowout地下井喷underground blowout 井喷失控out of control for blowout 循环池液体增量pit gain 压力过渡带pressure transition zone压井killing well 关井closing well 硬关井hard closing软关井soft closing 压井方法killing well method工程师法(等待加重量法）engineer’s method司钻法（二次循环法）driller’s method边加重边循环法concurrent method 空井压井empty well control 置换式压井法（顶部压井法）displacement method反循环inverse circulating 循环周circulating circle节流循环circulating with choke防喷设备和工具blowout prevention tools and equipments防溢管·bellnipple 钻井液流量计drilling fluid flowing indicator 泵冲数计pump-stroke counter钻井液液面指示器pit—volume indicator真空除气器·vacum degasser 硫化氢监测仪H2s detector井控模拟装置well control simulator井喷失控的处理well blowout control 抢装井口installing wellhead 扣装法抢装井口buckling-up—installing wellhead翻转法抢装井口turning—up-installing wellhead整体吊装法抢装井口whole hanging method for installing wellhead带帽子压井法·hatting kill well method下封隔器压井killing well with packer method换井口套管casing replacing 灭火extinguishing喷射水流灭火法jet fire extinguishing method爆炸灭火法explosion method 灭火剂extinguisher固井well cementing 套管程序casing program 导管conductor 表层套管surface casing 技术套管intermediate casing strings生产套管production casing 套管柱casing string套管柱下部结构casing accessories 引鞋guiding shoe套管鞋casing shoe 套管扶正器·centralizer 泥饼刷·wall scratcher 浮籀float collar 套管承托环cement baffle collar 旋流短节vortex sub 浮鞋cementing float collar 水泥伞cementing basket注水泥胶塞cementing plugs 通径规drift diameter gauge套管的外载荷outside casing load 套管内压力burst套管外挤压力collapse pressure 套管轴向力axial load套管强度casing strength 套管抗挤强度collapse resistance套管抗拉强度tensile resistance 套管抗内压强度burst resistance下套管running casing 活动套管moving casing预应力preceding stress 人工井底artificial bottom of a well磁性定位短节magnetic locator sub固井工具与设备tools and equipments for running casing and cementing 套管吊钳casing tong 套管吊卡casing elevator卡盘casing spider 联顶节top connecting collar水泥头connect head 水泥车connecting truck井口装置wellhead equipment 注水泥？connect油井水泥oil well connecting 低密度水泥light weight connect膨润土水泥·bentonite connect 速凝水泥accelerated cement膨胀水泥expansion cement 纤维质水泥fiber cement树脂水泥(浆）resin cement 油基水泥（浆)diesel-oil cement橡胶水泥（浆）latex cement 酸溶性水泥acid dissoluble cement 石膏水泥混合物·gypsam cement 火山灰水泥·pozzolan cement 抗盐水泥salt-resisting cement双凝水泥浆separable setting cement slurry冷井水泥和热井水泥ordinary and hot cementAPI水泥分级API cement classification水泥浆性能及其调节cement properties and adjustments of them稠度仪consist—meter 水泥浆流动性mobility of slurry水泥浆密度slurry density 水泥浆滤失量slurry filtration出口温度井底温度和循环温度flow—line temperature bottom temperature and circulation temperature水泥浆失重losing weight slurry 水泥石强度cement strength水泥石渗透性permeability of set cement水泥石的射孔性perforating quality 水泥浆外加剂cement additive 速凝剂accelerator 缓凝剂retardant 减阻剂friction reducer降密度剂light weight additive 降失水量filtrate reducer水泥浆加重剂heavy weight additive 隔离液spacer fluid前置液ahead fluid 尾随液tail fluid 注水泥方法cementing methods 常规注水泥法typical primary cementing双级注水泥法two stage cementing插入注水泥法inner pipe cementing 多管注水泥法·multi—plezone completion cementing打水泥塞cementing plug平衡法打水泥塞balance method for cementing plug倾筒法打水泥塞dump bailer method 挤水泥squeeze method井口挤水泥法·braden head squeeze method封隔器挤水泥法squeeze packer method高压挤水泥法high—pressure squeeze method低压挤水泥法low-pressure squeeze method尾管固井drilling liner cementing 尾管悬挂器drilling liner hanger 窜槽cement channeling 完井方法completion methods裸眼完井法open hole completion先期裸眼完井法initial open hole completion后期裸眼完井法final open hole completion射孔完井法perforation completion单管射孔完井法single pipe perforation completion多管射孔完井法multiple pipe perforation completion无油管完井法·tubingless completion永久完井法permanent completion无封隔器单层永久完井法single pipe permanent completion without packer单封隔器永久完井法permanent completion with single packer封隔器射孔完井法permanent completion with packer负压射孔perforating with negative pressure过油管射孔perforating through tubing贯眼完成法perforated pipe completion衬管完井法liner perforation completion砾石充填完井法gravel packer completion深井完井法deep hole completion高含硫气井完井法high H2s gas well completion地层损害程度formation damage degree地层损害带formation damage zone水动力学程度不完善井hydrodynamic degree incompleteness well水动力学性质不完善井油井hydrodynamic property incompletion well 完善系数well completeness factor 损害比damage ratio趋肤效应shin effect 开采比production ratio损害系数damage factor 完井系数completion factor钻井设备drilling equipment 设备安装rig up钻前工作preliminary work for spudding 井场布置layout平井场levelling 圆井cellar 基础ground foundation base活动基墩removable foundation 井架安装derrick installation扒杆gin pole 井架安装绞车winch 穿钢丝绳string up死绳固定器dead line anchor 设备校正alignment井口找中center for well 整体搬迁skidding the rig成组安装package installation 泥浆管汇mud pipeline猫头绳cat—line 高悬猫头绳drill rope大钳尾绳safety line 大门绷绳front guy(lines)井架绷绳derrick guy 接链器chain spanner钻井数据系统drilling data system钻井数据采集装置drilling data acquisition钻井数据实时处理装置drilling data processing钻井数据库drilling data base 钻井信息drilling information钻井参数传感装置drilling parameter sensing unit指重表传感器weight sensor 进尺传感器drilling footage sensor转盘扭矩传感器rotary table torque sensor转盘转速传感器R.P。
钻井工程常用术语
钻井工程常用名词术语钻井总论钻井drilling 钻井方法drilling method 顿钻钻井cable drilling杆式顿钻rod tool drilling 绳式顿钻cable tool drilling轻便钻井portable drilling 直井straight hole 深井deep well超深井super deep well 地热井geothermal well热采井thermal production well 工程井engineering rejection well 工程报废井abandoned well 弃井abandoned well钻井设计well design 钻井质量drilling quality岩石的物理机械性质physical—mechanical properties of rock矿物的微硬度micro—hardness of rook肖氏岩石硬度Shores hardness 史氏岩石硬度Shi’s hardness 矿物的弹性模量elastic modulus of mineral岩石的弹性模量elastic modulus of rock矿物的泊松比Poissons ratio mineral岩石的泊松比Poissons ratio rock矿物的切变模量shear modulus of mineral岩石的切变模量shear modulus of rock矿物和岩石的体积压缩模量bulk compressibility mineral and rock 岩石的体积压缩系数coefficient of bulk compressibility mineral and rock岩石的抗拉伸强度tensile strength of rock岩石的直接拉伸试验direct tensile test of rock岩石的巴西劈裂拉伸实验Brazilian test of rock·岩石的筒形抗内压胀裂试验burst test of hollow cyling by internal pressure岩石的常规抗压缩强度compressive strength of rock岩石的抗剪切强度shear strength of rock岩石的抗剪切强度试验shear test of rock岩石的三轴强度试验tri-axial test of rock岩石的常规三轴试验ordinary tri-axial test of rock岩石的真三轴试验true tri—axial test of rock脆性岩石brittle rock 塑性岩石plastic rock岩石的假塑性破坏pseudo-plastic breakage of rock岩石塑性系数coefficient of plasticity of rock岩石的脆塑性转变压力(临界压力）brittle plastic transitional pressure of rock岩石的库仑纳维尔强度准则Conlomb-Navier strength criterion of rock 岩石的内磨擦角和内磨擦系数angle of interal friction and coefficient of interal friction of rock岩石的莫尔强度准则Mohr strength criterion of rock岩石的格里菲斯脆性破坏准则Griffith criterion of brittle failure of rock统计强度理论statistical strength theory岩石的表面破碎surface fracture of rock岩石的疲劳破碎fatigue fracture of rock岩石的体积破碎volumetric fracture of rock岩石的单位体积破碎pecific volumetric fracture work of rock地应力in situ stress岩层的水平测向应力horizontal stress of strata测向系数coefficient of lateral pressure围压confining pressure 有效应力effective stress压持效应chip hold effect 岩石硬度减低剂rock hardness reducer岩石的可钻性drill ability of rock 岩石的研磨性rock abrasiveness钻具drilling tool 钻柱drill stem 复合钻柱combination string满眼钻柱packed hole assembly 踏式钻铤组合tapered drill collar string 钟摆钻具pendulum assembly 偏重钻铤unbalanced drill collar钻柱弯曲buckling of drill string钻具的扭转震动twisting vibration of drill string钻杆疲劳破坏fatigue—failure of drill string 上紧矩make—up torque 应力减轻槽stress-relief groove 减震器vibration dampener稳定器stabilizer 井眼大扩器reamer 钻井液drilling fluids水基钻井液water—base drilling fluids淡水钻井液fresh-water drilling fluids低固相钻井液low solids fluids低固相不分散钻井液low solids non—dispersed polymer drilling fluids抑制性钻井液inhibitive drilling fluids盐水钻井液salt—water drilling fluids饱和盐水钻井液saturated salt—water drilling fluids钙处理钻井液calcium treated drilling fluids钾盐钻井液potassium drilling fluids混油钻井液oil-emulsion drilling fluids生物聚合物钻井液biodegrability drilling fluids油基钻井液oil base drilling fluids反相乳化钻井液invert—emulsion drilling fluids平衡活度钻井液balanced activity drilling fluids泡沫钻井液foam drilling fluids 密闭液sealing fluids完井液completion fluids 封隔夜packer fluids解卡浸泡液stuck freeing spotting fluids钻井液性能properties of drilling fluids滤失filtration API滤失量API filtration高温高压滤失量high temperature and high pressure filtration动滤失量dynamic filtration 滤饼filter cake 含砂量sand content 钻井液固相含量solids content in drilling fluids亚甲基兰实验methylene blue test石灰含量lime content estimation钻井液的酚酞碱度P m alkalinity 滤液酚酞碱度P t alkalinity 滤液甲基橙碱度M f alkalinity 造浆率yield破乳电压emulsion—breaking voltage钻井液流变性drilling fluids rheology 漏斗粘度funnel viscosity触变性thixotropic behavior 静切力gel strength初切力initial gel strength 终切力10—minuto gel strength 剪切降粘特性shear—thinning behavior钻井液受污染contamination of drilling fluids粘土侵clay contamination 盐侵salt contamination盐水侵salt water contamination 钙侵calcium contamination砂侵sand contamination 水侵water contamination气侵gas contamination 钻井液处理剂mud additives降失水剂filtrate or reduction agents 增粘剂thickening agent膨润土增效剂agents of increasing bentonite降粘剂thinning agents 加重剂weighting agents堵漏剂lost circulation materials 水敏性页岩water—sensitive shale 膨润土的预水化pre—hydrated bentonite 固相控制solid control 钻屑cutting 砂sand 泥silt 胶体颗粒colloidal solids钻进drilling 钻进技术drilling technology钻进技术参数drilling parameters 钻压weight on bit悬重和钻重string suspending weight and drilling weight转速rpm—revolution per minute 排量rate of flow零轴向点zero axial stress point 中性点neutral point开钻spud in 完钻finishing drilling 送钻bit feed方余和方入kelly—up and kelly-in 进尺footage机械钻速penetration rate 鳖钻bit bouncing 跳钻bit jumping干钻drilling at circulation break 打倒车reverse rotation table钻头泥包bit balling 划眼redressing 扩眼reamin1放空drilling break 吊打easing the bit in 纠斜hole straightening 侧钻sidetracking 单根single 双根double立根stand 接单根king a connection 起下钻trips知起下钻short tripping 活动钻具move the drill string上卸扣make up and break out 换钻头change bit鼠洞rat hole 小鼠洞mouse hole 喷射钻井jet-bit drilling射流jet flow 冲击射流impact jet flow 汽蚀射流·cavitation jet 射流扩散角和扩散系数spread angle and spread coefficient of jet射流等速·patential core of jet 漫流cross flow 射流喷速jet velocity 射流速度降低系数decreasing coefficient of jet velocity射流动压力dynamic pressure of jet flow射流压力降低系数coefficient of jet—flow pressure drop射流冲击力jet impact force 射流水功率jet hydraulic—power喷射距离jet length 清洗井底bottom—hole cleaning钻头压降bit pressure—drop 钻头水功率bit hydraulic horse—power喷嘴nozzle 等变速喷嘴nozzle with iso-variable velocity流线形喷嘴streamline nozzle 喷嘴流量系数nozzle orifico coefficient钻井液循环系统drilling fluids circulating system钻井液流态flow pattern 平板层流flat plate laminar flowZ值Z-value 喷射钻井的工作方式The working regime of jet drilling 最大钻头水功率工作方式The regime of the maximum bit hydra—ulic horse—power最大射流冲击力方式the regime of the maximum jet—impact force最大射流喷速工作方式The regime of the maximum jet velocity经济水功率工作方式the regime of the economic hydraulic horse-power jet bit 喷射式钻头optimum rate of mud flow 最优喷嘴直径optimum nozzlo diameter临界井深和极限井深critical well depth and limited well depth钻井泵的工作状态the working regime of drilling pump钻井泵的最大排工作状态（额定工作功率工作状态）the maximum flow rate regime of the drilling pump （the rated power regime of the drilling pump)钻井泵的调节排量工作状态(允许压力工作状态）the regulated flow rate regime of the drilling pump（the rated power regime of the drilling pump）携带岩屑cutting carrying 岩屑运移比cutting transport ratio环空岩屑浓度solid concentration in annular space钻井泵效率rate of utilized power of the drilling pump钻井泵水功济利用率rate of utilized hydraulic power of the drillingpump优化钻井技术optimum drilling technology 控制井control well钻井可控参数controllable drilling variables钻井不可控参数non controllable drilling variables钻井目标函数（钻井泛函)objective function of drilling procedure钻进过程的数学模型mathematical model for drilling procedure钻速方程equation for drilling rate二元钻速方程drilling rate equation in two variables多元钻速方程multi—variable drilling rate equation最大允许钻压maximum allowable weight on bit最优钻压optimum weight on bit 钻速系数factor of penetration rate 地层研磨性系数factor of formation abrasiveness牙齿磨损系数tooth wear coefficient轴承工作系数working coefficient of bearing五点法钻速试验“five spot" drill-off test井下动力钻井hole bottom power drilling涡轮钻井turbo-drilling 涡轮钻具turbo—drill 电动钻具electric drill 螺杆钻具positive displacement motor涡轮工作特性characteristics of turbine涡轮的水力载荷hydraulic load on turbo—drill涡轮钻具井底工作特性hole-bottom working characteristics of turbo—drill涡轮钻具最优工作区optimized working zone of turbo—drill涡轮钻具合理转速optimum revolution of turbo—drill涡轮钻具最优排量optimum capacity of turbo-drill涡轮不稳定工作区unstable working range turbo-drill有效钻压effective bit-weight涡轮钻具井底功率传递系数transfer coefficient of bottom hole power of turbo—drill涡轮钻具特性系数characteristic coefficient of turbo—drill涡轮的水力效率hydraulic efficiency of turbo—drill涡轮钻具合理钻进深度optimum drill depth of turbo-drill涡轮—泵组联合特性combined characteristics of turbo—drill—pump 涡轮钻具轴向间隙的调节axial clearance regulation of turbo—drill钻具滤清器drill pipe filter 启动阀starter gate valve低速大扭矩涡轮钻具love—speed high—torque turbo—drill复式涡轮钻具compound turbo-drill定向井directional well 定向要素directional elements井斜角inclination 方位角azimuth 井斜变化率rate of inclination change方位变化率rate of azimuth change 井眼曲率hole curvature垂深和测深vertical depth and measured 水平投影长度hole deviation 水平位移displacement or closure distance 多底井multi—bore well 水平井horizontal well 丛式井cluster well or multiple wells救除井relief well 双筒井dual wells套管开窗starting window on casing 造斜deflecting or building angle 增斜increasing hole angle or build-up hole angle降斜decreasing hole angle or build—off hole angle稳斜maintain angle井身垂直投影图vertical projection of borehole井身水平投影图horizontal projection of borehole正切法tangential method 平衡正切法balanced tangential method 平均角法average angle method曲率半径法radius of curvature method 圆弧法arc method 最小曲率法minimum curvature method圆柱螺线法cylinder helix method 悬链线轨迹·catenary shape profile 控制圆柱control cylinder 造斜工具deflecting tool槽式变向器whip—stock 短涡轮short turbo—drill钻铤造斜短节short bent collar 涡轮偏心短节turbo-eccentric sub 复式弯涡轮bent multi-turbo—drill水力斜接头hydraulic bent sub Dyna-flex 瓦片变向器rebel tool造斜工具面tool face 造斜率rate of over-all angle change井眼方位漂移walk of hole 装置角tool of rotation工具面角tool face azimuth 动力钻具反扭角reactive torque定向方位角tool face bearing or tool face setting磁偏角magnetic declination 随钻测量measurement while drill（MWD）单点测斜仪single shot instrument多点测斜仪multi-shot instrument陀螺测斜仪gyroscopic instrument 定向orientation定向下钻orientation while going in hole磁力定向法magnetic orientation method斜口管鞋定向法mule—shoe orientation method取心coring 岩心core 岩心收获率recovery of core取心方法coring method局部反循环取心coring with local inverse circulation长筒取心core drilling with long core barrel密闭取心sealing core drilling保压取心core drilling with keeping formation pressure定向取心orientation coring 绳索取心wire line coring取心工具coring tools 岩心筒core barrel单筒式岩心筒single type core barrel双筒式岩心筒core barrel of double tube swivel type内岩心筒inside core barrel 外岩心筒outside core barrel喷射式岩心筒core barrel of jet type 取心钻头coring bit牙轮取心钻头coring cone bit 金钢石取心钻头diamond coring bit硬质合金取心钻头hard metal coring bit 涡轮取心钻头turbo—core bit 涡轮取心钻具turbo-core drill 岩心爪core gripper卡瓦式岩心爪core gripper with slip卡簧式岩心爪core gripper with slip—spring板簧式岩心爪卡core gripper with slip-spider箍式岩心爪core gripper with slip-collar割取岩心core breaking机械加压割心法core breaking by mechanical loading投球割心core breaking by hydraulic pressure投砂割心core breaking by pumping down顶岩心core extracting各种压力概念concept of pressure 静液压力hydrostatic pressure钻井液压力drilling fluid column pressure孔隙压力pore pressure （formation pressure）上覆岩层压力overburden pressure 颗粒压力grain to grain pressure 压力梯度pressure gradient 压力监控pressure detection and control 异常压力及其形成abnormal pressure and it’s formation压力异常abnormal pressure 压实作用compaction欠压实imcompaction 不渗透围栅·permeabillity barrier快速沉积rapid deposition构造型异常高压structural abnormal pressure 地层压力检测方法method of formation pressure detection地震资料法seismic data method机械钻速法penetration rate method d指数法d-exponent method dc指数法dc-exponent method标准化钻速法normalized penetration rate页岩密度法shale density溢流观测法take a kick 天然气录井检测法gas logging氯化物检测法chloride log 钻井液录井法drilling fluid log返出钻井液温度检测法flow-line temperature化石资料法paleo—information 地球物理检测法wire—line logs中途测试drill—stem testing 完井测试well completing test综合录井仪computerlized apply drilling technology地层破裂压力formation fracture pressure地层破裂压力预报方法formation fracture pressure prediction漏失试验法leak-off test胡伯特—威利斯法Hubbert and Willis approach马修斯—凯利法method of Matthews and Kelly伊顿法method of Eaton 安德森法Anderson’s method艾克斯劳格法Exlog method 黄荣樽法Huang's method地层井眼系统的压力平衡balance of formation-borehole system地层压力当量钻井液密度equivalent drilling fluid density钻井液当量循环密度equivalent circulating density附加压力当量钻井液密度additional pressure equivalent density当量深度equivalent depth 钻柱排代量drilling fluid displacement 波动压力(激动压力）surge pressure 抽汲压力swabbing pressure气体上窜gas channeling天然气偏差因子the coefficient of gas compressibility溢流overflow 井涌kick 井喷well blowout地下井喷underground blowout 井喷失控out of control for blowout 循环池液体增量pit gain 压力过渡带pressure transition zone 压井killing well 关井closing well 硬关井hard closing软关井soft closing 压井方法killing well method工程师法（等待加重量法）engineer's method司钻法（二次循环法）driller's method边加重边循环法concurrent method 空井压井empty well control 置换式压井法(顶部压井法)displacement method反循环inverse circulating 循环周circulating circle节流循环circulating with choke防喷设备和工具blowout prevention tools and equipments防溢管·bellnipple 钻井液流量计drilling fluid flowing indicator 泵冲数计pump-stroke counter钻井液液面指示器pit-volume indicator真空除气器·vacum degasser 硫化氢监测仪H2s detector井控模拟装置well control simulator井喷失控的处理well blowout control 抢装井口installing wellhead 扣装法抢装井口buckling-up-installing wellhead翻转法抢装井口turning—up—installing wellhead整体吊装法抢装井口whole hanging method for installing wellhead带帽子压井法·hatting kill well method下封隔器压井killing well with packer method换井口套管casing replacing 灭火extinguishing喷射水流灭火法jet fire extinguishing method爆炸灭火法explosion method 灭火剂extinguisher固井well cementing 套管程序casing program 导管conductor表层套管surface casing 技术套管intermediate casing strings生产套管production casing 套管柱casing string套管柱下部结构casing accessories 引鞋guiding shoe套管鞋casing shoe 套管扶正器·centralizer 泥饼刷·wall scratcher 浮籀float collar 套管承托环cement baffle collar 旋流短节vortex sub 浮鞋cementing float collar 水泥伞cementing basket注水泥胶塞cementing plugs 通径规drift diameter gauge套管的外载荷outside casing load 套管内压力burst套管外挤压力collapse pressure 套管轴向力axial load套管强度casing strength 套管抗挤强度collapse resistance套管抗拉强度tensile resistance 套管抗内压强度burst resistance下套管running casing 活动套管moving casing预应力preceding stress 人工井底artificial bottom of a well磁性定位短节magnetic locator sub固井工具与设备tools and equipments for running casing and cementing 套管吊钳casing tong 套管吊卡casing elevator卡盘casing spider 联顶节top connecting collar水泥头connect head 水泥车connecting truck井口装置wellhead equipment 注水泥？connect油井水泥oil well connecting 低密度水泥light weight connect膨润土水泥·bentonite connect 速凝水泥accelerated cement膨胀水泥expansion cement 纤维质水泥fiber cement树脂水泥（浆)resin cement 油基水泥（浆)diesel—oil cement橡胶水泥（浆）latex cement 酸溶性水泥acid dissoluble cement 石膏水泥混合物·gypsam cement 火山灰水泥·pozzolan cement 抗盐水泥salt-resisting cement双凝水泥浆separable setting cement slurry冷井水泥和热井水泥ordinary and hot cementAPI水泥分级API cement classification水泥浆性能及其调节cement properties and adjustments of them稠度仪consist—meter 水泥浆流动性mobility of slurry水泥浆密度slurry density 水泥浆滤失量slurry filtration出口温度井底温度和循环温度flow-line temperature bottom temperature and circulation temperature水泥浆失重losing weight slurry 水泥石强度cement strength水泥石渗透性permeability of set cement水泥石的射孔性perforating quality 水泥浆外加剂cement additive 速凝剂accelerator 缓凝剂retardant 减阻剂friction reducer降密度剂light weight additive 降失水量filtrate reducer水泥浆加重剂heavy weight additive 隔离液spacer fluid前置液ahead fluid 尾随液tail fluid 注水泥方法cementing methods 常规注水泥法typical primary cementing双级注水泥法two stage cementing插入注水泥法inner pipe cementing 多管注水泥法·multi—plezone completion cementing打水泥塞cementing plug平衡法打水泥塞balance method for cementing plug倾筒法打水泥塞dump bailer method 挤水泥squeeze method井口挤水泥法·braden head squeeze method封隔器挤水泥法squeeze packer method高压挤水泥法high-pressure squeeze method低压挤水泥法low—pressure squeeze method尾管固井drilling liner cementing 尾管悬挂器drilling liner hanger 窜槽cement channeling 完井方法completion methods裸眼完井法open hole completion先期裸眼完井法initial open hole completion后期裸眼完井法final open hole completion射孔完井法perforation completion单管射孔完井法single pipe perforation completion多管射孔完井法multiple pipe perforation completion无油管完井法·tubingless completion永久完井法permanent completion无封隔器单层永久完井法single pipe permanent completion without packer单封隔器永久完井法permanent completion with single packer封隔器射孔完井法permanent completion with packer负压射孔perforating with negative pressure过油管射孔perforating through tubing贯眼完成法perforated pipe completion衬管完井法liner perforation completion砾石充填完井法gravel packer completion深井完井法deep hole completion高含硫气井完井法high H2s gas well completion地层损害程度formation damage degree地层损害带formation damage zone水动力学程度不完善井hydrodynamic degree incompleteness well水动力学性质不完善井油井hydrodynamic property incompletion well 完善系数well completeness factor 损害比damage ratio趋肤效应shin effect 开采比production ratio损害系数damage factor 完井系数completion factor钻井设备drilling equipment 设备安装rig up钻前工作preliminary work for spudding 井场布置layout平井场levelling 圆井cellar 基础ground foundation base活动基墩removable foundation 井架安装derrick installation扒杆gin pole 井架安装绞车winch 穿钢丝绳string up死绳固定器dead line anchor 设备校正alignment井口找中center for well 整体搬迁skidding the rig成组安装package installation 泥浆管汇mud pipeline猫头绳cat—line 高悬猫头绳drill rope大钳尾绳safety line 大门绷绳front guy（lines）井架绷绳derrick guy 接链器chain spanner钻井数据系统drilling data system钻井数据采集装置drilling data acquisition钻井数据实时处理装置drilling data processing钻井数据库drilling data base 钻井信息drilling information钻井参数传感装置drilling parameter sensing unit指重表传感器weight sensor 进尺传感器drilling footage sensor转盘扭矩传感器rotary table torque sensor转盘转速传感器R。
钻井工程术语(简排)
钻井工艺过程的各阶段。一般包括钻前工程、钻进、取心、中途测试、测井、固井和完井等。
钻井进度drilling progress
用时间表示的钻井工序施工进展程度。
钻井条件drilling condition
影响钻井工作决策、进行和发展的各种因素。如地质、交通、通信、气候、设备、井眼、器材供应、组织管理、井队人员素质和技术水平等因素。
利用钻杆连接钻头的顿钻钻井方法。钻进时可以同时循环钻井液以清洗井底。
旋转钻井rotary drilling
采用旋转钻井设备和工具，使钻头作旋转运动，以破碎岩石形成井眼的方法。
转盘钻井rotary drilling
利用转盘带动钻柱和钻头的旋转钻井方法。
顶部驱动钻井top drive drilling
利用安装在钻柱顶部的动力装置带动钻柱旋转的钻井方法。
钻井方法drilling method
钻井所采用的设备、工具和工艺技术的总称。
顿钻钻井cable drilling
冲击钻井。采用顿钻钻井设备和工具，以冲击方式破碎岩石形成井眼方法。
绳式顿钻cable tool drilling
利用钢丝绳连接钻头的顿钻钻井方法。
杆式顿钻rod tool drilling
开发井development well
为开发石油、天然气或其他资源所钻的各种生产井、注入井，以及在已开发油气田内，为保持一定的产量并研究开发过程中地下情况变化所钻的资料井等。
直井vertical well
垂直井。设计的井眼轴线为一铅垂线的井。
定向井directional well
设计的目标点与井溢流口不在一铅垂线上的井。
岩石在剪切应力作用下，剪应力与剪切应变的比值。
钻井术语解释
常用术语解释1、井：以勘探开发石油和天然气为目的的，在地层中钻出的具有一定深度的圆柱形孔眼。
2、井口：井的开口端。
3、井底：井的底端。
4、裸眼：未下套管部分的井段。
5、井深：从转盘补心面至井底的深度。
6、井壁：井眼的圆柱形表面。
7、环空：井中下有管柱时，井壁与管柱或管柱与管柱之间的圆环形截面的柱状空间。
8、井眼轴线：井眼的中心线。
9、井身结构：指的是钻头钻深、相应井段的钻头直径、下入的套管层数、直径及深度、各层套管外的水泥返高以及人工井底等。
10、人工井底：设计的最下部油层下的阻流环或水泥塞面。
(注：该定义不全面，人工井底是可变的)11、井的类别：按一定依据划分的井的总类。
按钻井的目的可分为探井和开发井等；按完钻后的井深可分为浅井(<1200m)、中深井(1200～3000m)、深井(3000～5000m)和超深井(>5000m)；按井眼轴线形状可分为直井和定向井。
12、探井：指以了解地层的时代、岩性、厚度、生储盖的组合和区域地质构造，地质剖面局部构造为目的，或在确定的有利圈闭上和已发现油气的圈闭上，以发现油气藏、进一步探明含油气边界和储量以及了解油气层结构为目的所钻的各种井，包括地层探井、预探井、详探井和地质浅井。
13、开发井：指为开发油气田所钻的各种采油采气井、注水注气井，或在已开发油气田内，为保持一定的产量并研究开发过程中地下情况的变化所钻的调整井、补充井、扩边井、检查资料井等。
14、直井：井眼轴线大体沿铅垂方向，其井斜角、井底水平位移和全角变化率均在限定范围内的井。
15、定向井：沿着预先设计的井眼轨道，按既定的方向偏离井口垂线一定距离，钻达目标的井。
16、丛式井：在一个井场上或一个钻井平台上，有计划地钻出两口或两口以上的定向井(可含一口直井)。
17、救援井：为抢救某一口井喷、着火的井而设计、施工的定向井。
18、多底井：一个井口下面有两个或两个以上井底的定向井。
19、大斜度井：最大井斜角在60°～86°的定向井。
钻井专用名词
[转]钻井工程专业术语来源：姚军的日志1、井：以勘探开发石油和天然气为目的的，在地层中钻出的具有一定深度的圆柱形孔眼。
2、井口：井的开口端。
3、井底：井的底端。
4、裸眼：未下套管部分的井段。
5、井深：从转盘补心面至井底的深度。
6、井壁：井眼的圆柱形表面。
7、环空：井中下有管柱时，井壁与管柱或管柱与管柱之间的圆环形截面的柱状空间。
8、井眼轴线：井眼的中心线。
9、井身结构：指的是钻头钻深、相应井段的钻头直径、下入的套管层数、直径及深度、各层套管外的水泥返高以及人工井底等。
10、人工井底：设计的最下部油层下的阻流环或水泥塞面。
(注：该定义不全面，人工井底是可变的)11、井的类别：按一定依据划分的井的总类。
按钻井的目的可分为探井和开发井等；按完钻后的井深可分为浅井(<1200m)、中深井(1200～3000m)、深井(3000～5000m)和超深井(>5000m)；按井眼轴线形状可分为直井和定向井。
12、探井：指以了解地层的时代、岩性、厚度、生储盖的组合和区域地质构造，地质剖面局部构造为目的，或在确定的有利圈闭上和已发现油气的圈闭上，以发现油气藏、进一步探明含油气边界和储量以及了解油气层结构为目的所钻的各种井，包括地层探井、预探井、详探井和地质浅井。
13、开发井：指为开发油气田所钻的各种采油采气井、注水注气井，或在已开发油气田内，为保持一定的产量并研究开发过程中地下情况的变化所钻的调整井、补充井、扩边井、检查资料井等。
14、直井：井眼轴线大体沿铅垂方向，其井斜角、井底水平位移和全角变化率均在限定范围内的井。
15、定向井：沿着预先设计的井眼轨道，按既定的方向偏离井口垂线一定距离，钻达目标的井。
16、丛式井：在一个井场上或一个钻井平台上，有计划地钻出两口或两口以上的定向井(可含一口直井)。
17、救援井：为抢救某一口井喷、着火的井而设计、施工的定向井。
18、多底井：一个井口下面有两个或两个以上井底的定向井。
钻井术语
钻井工程专业术语默认分类2009-12-09 17:43 阅读3 评论0 字号：大大中中小小引用萧芳洲的钻井工程专业术语1、井：以勘探开发石油和天然气为目的的，在地层中钻出的具有一定深度的圆柱形孔眼。
2、井口：井的开口端。
3、井底：井的底端。
4、裸眼：未下套管部分的井段。
5、井深：从转盘补心面至井底的深度。
6、井壁：井眼的圆柱形表面。
7、环空：井中下有管柱时，井壁与管柱或管柱与管柱之间的圆环形截面的柱状空间。
8、井眼轴线：井眼的中心线。
9、井身结构：指的是钻头钻深、相应井段的钻头直径、下入的套管层数、直径及深度、各层套管外的水泥返高以及人工井底等。
10、人工井底：设计的最下部油层下的阻流环或水泥塞面。
(注：该定义不全面，人工井底是可变的)11、井的类别：按一定依据划分的井的总类。
按钻井的目的可分为探井和开发井等；按完钻后的井深可分为浅井(<1200m)、中深井(1200～3000m)、深井(3000～5000m)和超深井(>5000m)；按井眼轴线形状可分为直井和定向井。
12、探井：指以了解地层的时代、岩性、厚度、生储盖的组合和区域地质构造，地质剖面局部构造为目的，或在确定的有利圈闭上和已发现油气的圈闭上，以发现油气藏、进一步探明含油气边界和储量以及了解油气层结构为目的所钻的各种井，包括地层探井、预探井、详探井和地质浅井。
13、开发井：指为开发油气田所钻的各种采油采气井、注水注气井，或在已开发油气田内，为保持一定的产量并研究开发过程中地下情况的变化所钻的调整井、补充井、扩边井、检查资料井等。
14、直井：井眼轴线大体沿铅垂方向，其井斜角、井底水平位移和全角变化率均在限定范围内的井。
15、定向井：沿着预先设计的井眼轨道，按既定的方向偏离井口垂线一定距离，钻达目标的井。
16、丛式井：在一个井场上或一个钻井平台上，有计划地钻出两口或两口以上的定向井(可含一口直井)。
17、救援井：为抢救某一口井喷、着火的井而设计、施工的定向井。
常用技术知识-钻井工程术语
1 钻前工程 prespud operation1.1 定位井 location determination 按地质设计，结合地形及施工技术条件．勘测确定井口位置。
按地质设计，结合地形及施工技术条件，勘测确定井口位置。
1.2 选线 route Selection 选取通往井场的路线。
1.3 井场 well site 钻井施工必需的作业场地．1.4 井场布置 wellsite arrangement 根据井位所处自然环境、设备类型和技术要求, 布置井场及钻井设备。
1.5 井场道路 access road at well site 沟通公路和井场之间交通的道路。
1.6 设备安装 equipment installation 对井场设备进行就位、校正、固定和试运转等项工作。
1.7 圆井 cellar 为便于安装井控装置开挖的圆或方形井。
1.8 废泥浆池 waste pit; reserve pit 盛放从井口返出钻井液的土地。
1.9 泥浆罐 mud tank 供配制、贮存、循环钻井液的铁罐，包括上水罐、循环罐或沉淀罐。
1.10 钻机基础 rig foundation 将钻机载荷传递至地基上的构筑物。
1.10.1 预制基础 pre-fabricated foundation 能多次重复使用的钻机基础。
同义词：活动基础1.10.2 现浇基础 foundation grouted in site 在现场浇筑的一次性使用的水泥混凝土钻机基础。
同义词：死基础1.10.3 桩基础 pile-supported foundation 由基桩及联结各桩顶的承台构成的钻机基础。
1.11 钻机基础设计 rig foundation design 根据钻井工艺要求，确定钻机基础类型，结构尺寸及施工技术要求。
1.12 基础安装 pre-fabricated foundation setting 将预制基础安装在指定位置的作业。
钻井工程常用术语
钻井工程常用名词术语钻井总论钻井drilling 钻井方法drilling method 顿钻钻井cable drilling杆式顿钻rod tool drilling 绳式顿钻cable tool drilling轻便钻井portable drilling 直井straight hole 深井deep well超深井super deep well 地热井geothermal well热采井thermal production well 工程井engineering rejection well 工程报废井abandoned well 弃井abandoned well钻井设计well design 钻井质量drilling quality岩石的物理机械性质physical-mechanical properties of rock矿物的微硬度micro-hardness of rook肖氏岩石硬度Shores hardness 史氏岩石硬度Shi’s hardness 矿物的弹性模量elastic modulus of mineral岩石的弹性模量elastic modulus of rock矿物的泊松比Poissons ratio mineral岩石的泊松比Poissons ratio rock矿物的切变模量shear modulus of mineral岩石的切变模量shear modulus of rock矿物和岩石的体积压缩模量bulk compressibility mineral and rock 岩石的体积压缩系数coefficient of bulk compressibility mineral and rock岩石的抗拉伸强度tensile strength of rock岩石的直接拉伸试验direct tensile test of rock岩石的巴西劈裂拉伸实验Brazilian test of rock·岩石的筒形抗内压胀裂试验burst test of hollow cyling by internal pressure岩石的常规抗压缩强度compressive strength of rock岩石的抗剪切强度shear strength of rock岩石的抗剪切强度试验shear test of rock岩石的三轴强度试验tri-axial test of rock岩石的常规三轴试验ordinary tri-axial test of rock岩石的真三轴试验true tri—axial test of rock脆性岩石brittle rock 塑性岩石plastic rock岩石的假塑性破坏pseudo-plastic breakage of rock岩石塑性系数coefficient of plasticity of rock岩石的脆塑性转变压力（临界压力）brittle plastic transitional pressure of rock岩石的库仑纳维尔强度准则Conlomb-Navier strength criterion of rock 岩石的内磨擦角和内磨擦系数angle of interal friction and coefficient of interal friction of rock岩石的莫尔强度准则Mohr strength criterion of rock岩石的格里菲斯脆性破坏准则Griffith criterion of brittle failure of rock统计强度理论statistical strength theory岩石的表面破碎surface fracture of rock岩石的疲劳破碎fatigue fracture of rock岩石的体积破碎volumetric fracture of rock岩石的单位体积破碎pecific volumetric fracture work of rock地应力in situ stress岩层的水平测向应力horizontal stress of strata测向系数coefficient of lateral pressure围压confining pressure 有效应力effective stress压持效应chip hold effect 岩石硬度减低剂rock hardness reducer岩石的可钻性drill ability of rock 岩石的研磨性rock abrasiveness钻具drilling tool 钻柱drill stem 复合钻柱combination string满眼钻柱packed hole assembly 踏式钻铤组合tapered drill collar string 钟摆钻具pendulum assembly 偏重钻铤unbalanced drill collar钻柱弯曲buckling of drill string钻具的扭转震动twisting vibration of drill string钻杆疲劳破坏fatigue-failure of drill string 上紧矩make-up torque应力减轻槽stress-relief groove 减震器vibration dampener稳定器stabilizer 井眼大扩器reamer 钻井液drilling fluids水基钻井液water-base drilling fluids淡水钻井液fresh-water drilling fluids低固相钻井液low solids fluids低固相不分散钻井液low solids non-dispersed polymer drilling fluids抑制性钻井液inhibitive drilling fluids盐水钻井液salt-water drilling fluids饱和盐水钻井液saturated salt-water drilling fluids钙处理钻井液calcium treated drilling fluids钾盐钻井液potassium drilling fluids混油钻井液oil-emulsion drilling fluids生物聚合物钻井液biodegrability drilling fluids油基钻井液oil base drilling fluids反相乳化钻井液invert—emulsion drilling fluids平衡活度钻井液balanced activity drilling fluids泡沫钻井液foam drilling fluids 密闭液sealing fluids完井液completion fluids 封隔夜packer fluids解卡浸泡液stuck freeing spotting fluids钻井液性能properties of drilling fluids滤失filtration API滤失量API filtration高温高压滤失量high temperature and high pressure filtration动滤失量dynamic filtration 滤饼filter cake 含砂量sand content 钻井液固相含量solids content in drilling fluids亚甲基兰实验methylene blue test石灰含量lime content estimation钻井液的酚酞碱度P m alkalinity 滤液酚酞碱度P t alkalinity 滤液甲基橙碱度M f alkalinity 造浆率yield破乳电压emulsion—breaking voltage钻井液流变性drilling fluids rheology 漏斗粘度funnel viscosity触变性thixotropic behavior 静切力gel strength初切力initial gel strength 终切力10-minuto gel strength 剪切降粘特性shear-thinning behavior钻井液受污染contamination of drilling fluids粘土侵clay contamination 盐侵salt contamination盐水侵salt water contamination 钙侵calcium contamination砂侵sand contamination 水侵water contamination气侵gas contamination 钻井液处理剂mud additives 降失水剂filtrate or reduction agents 增粘剂thickening agent膨润土增效剂agents of increasing bentonite降粘剂thinning agents 加重剂weighting agents堵漏剂lost circulation materials 水敏性页岩water-sensitive shale 膨润土的预水化pre—hydrated bentonite 固相控制solid control 钻屑cutting 砂sand 泥silt 胶体颗粒colloidal solids 钻进drilling 钻进技术drilling technology钻进技术参数drilling parameters 钻压weight on bit悬重和钻重string suspending weight and drilling weight转速rpm—revolution per minute 排量rate of flow零轴向点zero axial stress point 中性点neutral point开钻spud in 完钻finishing drilling 送钻bit feed方余和方入kelly-up and kelly-in 进尺footage机械钻速penetration rate 鳖钻bit bouncing 跳钻bit jumping干钻drilling at circulation break 打倒车reverse rotation table钻头泥包bit balling 划眼redressing 扩眼reamin1放空drilling break 吊打easing the bit in 纠斜hole straightening 侧钻sidetracking 单根single 双根double立根stand 接单根king a connection 起下钻trips知起下钻short tripping 活动钻具move the drill string上卸扣make up and break out 换钻头change bit鼠洞rat hole 小鼠洞mouse hole 喷射钻井jet—bit drilling射流jet flow 冲击射流impact jet flow 汽蚀射流·cavitation jet 射流扩散角和扩散系数spread angle and spread coefficient of jet射流等速·patential core of jet 漫流cross flow 射流喷速jet velocity 射流速度降低系数decreasing coefficient of jet velocity射流动压力dynamic pressure of jet flow射流压力降低系数coefficient of jet-flow pressure drop射流冲击力jet impact force 射流水功率jet hydraulic-power喷射距离jet length 清洗井底bottom-hole cleaning钻头压降bit pressure—drop 钻头水功率bit hydraulic horse-power 喷嘴nozzle 等变速喷嘴nozzle with iso-variable velocity流线形喷嘴streamline nozzle 喷嘴流量系数nozzle orifico coefficient 钻井液循环系统drilling fluids circulating system钻井液流态flow pattern 平板层流flat plate laminar flowZ值Z-value 喷射钻井的工作方式The working regime of jet drilling 最大钻头水功率工作方式The regime of the maximum bit hydra—ulic horse-power最大射流冲击力方式the regime of the maximum jet-impact force最大射流喷速工作方式The regime of the maximum jet velocity经济水功率工作方式the regime of the economic hydraulic horse-power jet bit 喷射式钻头optimum rate of mud flow 最优喷嘴直径optimum nozzlo diameter临界井深和极限井深critical well depth and limited well depth钻井泵的工作状态the working regime of drilling pump钻井泵的最大排工作状态（额定工作功率工作状态）the maximum flow rate regime of the drilling pump (the rated power regime of the drilling pump)钻井泵的调节排量工作状态（允许压力工作状态）the regulated flow rate regime of the drilling pump（the rated power regime of the drilling pump）携带岩屑cutting carrying 岩屑运移比cutting transport ratio环空岩屑浓度solid concentration in annular space钻井泵效率rate of utilized power of the drilling pump钻井泵水功济利用率rate of utilized hydraulic power of the drilling pump优化钻井技术optimum drilling technology 控制井control well钻井可控参数controllable drilling variables钻井不可控参数non controllable drilling variables钻井目标函数(钻井泛函）objective function of drilling procedure钻进过程的数学模型mathematical model for drilling procedure钻速方程equation for drilling rate二元钻速方程drilling rate equation in two variables多元钻速方程multi-variable drilling rate equation最大允许钻压maximum allowable weight on bit最优钻压optimum weight on bit 钻速系数factor of penetration rate 地层研磨性系数factor of formation abrasiveness牙齿磨损系数tooth wear coefficient轴承工作系数working coefficient of bearing五点法钻速试验“five spot” drill-off test井下动力钻井hole bottom power drilling涡轮钻井turbo—drilling 涡轮钻具turbo—drill 电动钻具electric drill螺杆钻具positive displacement motor涡轮工作特性characteristics of turbine涡轮的水力载荷hydraulic load on turbo-drill涡轮钻具井底工作特性hole-bottom working characteristics ofturbo-drill涡轮钻具最优工作区optimized working zone of turbo—drill涡轮钻具合理转速optimum revolution of turbo-drill涡轮钻具最优排量optimum capacity of turbo-drill涡轮不稳定工作区unstable working range turbo—drill有效钻压effective bit-weight涡轮钻具井底功率传递系数transfer coefficient of bottom hole power of turbo—drill涡轮钻具特性系数characteristic coefficient of turbo-drill涡轮的水力效率hydraulic efficiency of turbo-drill涡轮钻具合理钻进深度optimum drill depth of turbo—drill涡轮-泵组联合特性combined characteristics of turbo-drill—pump涡轮钻具轴向间隙的调节axial clearance regulation of turbo—drill钻具滤清器drill pipe filter 启动阀starter gate valve低速大扭矩涡轮钻具love-speed high-torque turbo—drill复式涡轮钻具compound turbo-drill定向井directional well 定向要素directional elements井斜角inclination 方位角azimuth 井斜变化率rate of inclination change方位变化率rate of azimuth change 井眼曲率hole curvature垂深和测深vertical depth and measured 水平投影长度hole deviation 水平位移displacement or closure distance 多底井multi—bore well 水平井horizontal well 丛式井cluster well or multiple wells救除井relief well 双筒井dual wells套管开窗starting window on casing 造斜deflecting or building angle 增斜increasing hole angle or build—up hole angle降斜decreasing hole angle or build—off hole angle稳斜maintain angle井身垂直投影图vertical projection of borehole井身水平投影图horizontal projection of borehole正切法tangential method 平衡正切法balanced tangential method 平均角法average angle method曲率半径法radius of curvature method 圆弧法arc method 最小曲率法minimum curvature method圆柱螺线法cylinder helix method 悬链线轨迹·catenary shape profile 控制圆柱control cylinder 造斜工具deflecting tool槽式变向器whip-stock 短涡轮short turbo-drill钻铤造斜短节short bent collar 涡轮偏心短节turbo—eccentric sub 复式弯涡轮bent multi—turbo—drill水力斜接头hydraulic bent sub Dyna—flex 瓦片变向器rebel tool 造斜工具面tool face 造斜率rate of over—all angle change井眼方位漂移walk of hole 装置角tool of rotation工具面角tool face azimuth 动力钻具反扭角reactive torque定向方位角tool face bearing or tool face setting磁偏角magnetic declination 随钻测量measurement while drill(MWD)单点测斜仪single shot instrument多点测斜仪multi-shot instrument陀螺测斜仪gyroscopic instrument 定向orientation定向下钻orientation while going in hole磁力定向法magnetic orientation method斜口管鞋定向法mule-shoe orientation method取心coring 岩心core 岩心收获率recovery of core取心方法coring method局部反循环取心coring with local inverse circulation长筒取心core drilling with long core barrel密闭取心sealing core drilling保压取心core drilling with keeping formation pressure定向取心orientation coring 绳索取心wire line coring取心工具coring tools 岩心筒core barrel单筒式岩心筒single type core barrel双筒式岩心筒core barrel of double tube swivel type内岩心筒inside core barrel 外岩心筒outside core barrel喷射式岩心筒core barrel of jet type 取心钻头coring bit牙轮取心钻头coring cone bit 金钢石取心钻头diamond coring bit硬质合金取心钻头hard metal coring bit 涡轮取心钻头turbo—core bit 涡轮取心钻具turbo—core drill 岩心爪core gripper卡瓦式岩心爪core gripper with slip卡簧式岩心爪core gripper with slip-spring板簧式岩心爪卡core gripper with slip—spider箍式岩心爪core gripper with slip-collar割取岩心core breaking机械加压割心法core breaking by mechanical loading投球割心core breaking by hydraulic pressure投砂割心core breaking by pumping down顶岩心core extracting各种压力概念concept of pressure 静液压力hydrostatic pressure钻井液压力drilling fluid column pressure孔隙压力pore pressure （formation pressure)上覆岩层压力overburden pressure 颗粒压力grain to grain pressure 压力梯度pressure gradient 压力监控pressure detection and control 异常压力及其形成abnormal pressure and it’s formation压力异常abnormal pressure 压实作用compaction欠压实imcompaction 不渗透围栅·permeabillity barrier快速沉积rapid deposition构造型异常高压structural abnormal pressure 地层压力检测方法method of formation pressure detection地震资料法seismic data method机械钻速法penetration rate method d指数法d-exponent method dc指数法dc-exponent method标准化钻速法normalized penetration rate页岩密度法shale density溢流观测法take a kick 天然气录井检测法gas logging氯化物检测法chloride log 钻井液录井法drilling fluid log返出钻井液温度检测法flow—line temperature化石资料法paleo—information 地球物理检测法wire-line logs中途测试drill—stem testing 完井测试well completing test综合录井仪computerlized apply drilling technology地层破裂压力formation fracture pressure地层破裂压力预报方法formation fracture pressure prediction漏失试验法leak-off test胡伯特-威利斯法Hubbert and Willis approach马修斯—凯利法method of Matthews and Kelly伊顿法method of Eaton 安德森法Anderson’s method艾克斯劳格法Exlog method 黄荣樽法Huang’s method地层井眼系统的压力平衡balance of formation—borehole system地层压力当量钻井液密度equivalent drilling fluid density钻井液当量循环密度equivalent circulating density附加压力当量钻井液密度additional pressure equivalent density当量深度equivalent depth 钻柱排代量drilling fluid displacement 波动压力（激动压力）surge pressure 抽汲压力swabbing pressure 气体上窜gas channeling天然气偏差因子the coefficient of gas compressibility溢流overflow 井涌kick 井喷well blowout地下井喷underground blowout 井喷失控out of control for blowout 循环池液体增量pit gain 压力过渡带pressure transition zone 压井killing well 关井closing well 硬关井hard closing软关井soft closing 压井方法killing well method工程师法(等待加重量法）engineer’s method司钻法（二次循环法）driller's method边加重边循环法concurrent method 空井压井empty well control 置换式压井法(顶部压井法）displacement method反循环inverse circulating 循环周circulating circle节流循环circulating with choke防喷设备和工具blowout prevention tools and equipments防溢管·bellnipple 钻井液流量计drilling fluid flowing indicator 泵冲数计pump-stroke counter钻井液液面指示器pit—volume indicator真空除气器·vacum degasser 硫化氢监测仪H2s detector井控模拟装置well control simulator井喷失控的处理well blowout control 抢装井口installing wellhead 扣装法抢装井口buckling—up—installing wellhead翻转法抢装井口turning-up-installing wellhead整体吊装法抢装井口whole hanging method for installing wellhead带帽子压井法·hatting kill well method下封隔器压井killing well with packer method换井口套管casing replacing 灭火extinguishing喷射水流灭火法jet fire extinguishing method爆炸灭火法explosion method 灭火剂extinguisher固井well cementing 套管程序casing program 导管conductor表层套管surface casing 技术套管intermediate casing strings生产套管production casing 套管柱casing string套管柱下部结构casing accessories 引鞋guiding shoe套管鞋casing shoe 套管扶正器·centralizer 泥饼刷·wall scratcher 浮籀float collar 套管承托环cement baffle collar 旋流短节vortex sub 浮鞋cementing float collar 水泥伞cementing basket注水泥胶塞cementing plugs 通径规drift diameter gauge套管的外载荷outside casing load 套管内压力burst套管外挤压力collapse pressure 套管轴向力axial load套管强度casing strength 套管抗挤强度collapse resistance套管抗拉强度tensile resistance 套管抗内压强度burst resistance下套管running casing 活动套管moving casing预应力preceding stress 人工井底artificial bottom of a well磁性定位短节magnetic locator sub固井工具与设备tools and equipments for running casing and cementing 套管吊钳casing tong 套管吊卡casing elevator卡盘casing spider 联顶节top connecting collar水泥头connect head 水泥车connecting truck井口装置wellhead equipment 注水泥？connect油井水泥oil well connecting 低密度水泥light weight connect膨润土水泥·bentonite connect 速凝水泥accelerated cement膨胀水泥expansion cement 纤维质水泥fiber cement树脂水泥(浆)resin cement 油基水泥（浆)diesel—oil cement橡胶水泥（浆)latex cement 酸溶性水泥acid dissoluble cement石膏水泥混合物·gypsam cement 火山灰水泥·pozzolan cement 抗盐水泥salt-resisting cement双凝水泥浆separable setting cement slurry冷井水泥和热井水泥ordinary and hot cementAPI水泥分级API cement classification水泥浆性能及其调节cement properties and adjustments of them稠度仪consist-meter 水泥浆流动性mobility of slurry水泥浆密度slurry density 水泥浆滤失量slurry filtration出口温度井底温度和循环温度flow—line temperature bottom temperature and circulation temperature水泥浆失重losing weight slurry 水泥石强度cement strength水泥石渗透性permeability of set cement水泥石的射孔性perforating quality 水泥浆外加剂cement additive 速凝剂accelerator 缓凝剂retardant 减阻剂friction reducer降密度剂light weight additive 降失水量filtrate reducer水泥浆加重剂heavy weight additive 隔离液spacer fluid前置液ahead fluid 尾随液tail fluid 注水泥方法cementing methods 常规注水泥法typical primary cementing双级注水泥法two stage cementing插入注水泥法inner pipe cementing 多管注水泥法·multi-plezone completion cementing打水泥塞cementing plug平衡法打水泥塞balance method for cementing plug倾筒法打水泥塞dump bailer method 挤水泥squeeze method井口挤水泥法·braden head squeeze method封隔器挤水泥法squeeze packer method高压挤水泥法high—pressure squeeze method低压挤水泥法low-pressure squeeze method尾管固井drilling liner cementing 尾管悬挂器drilling liner hanger 窜槽cement channeling 完井方法completion methods裸眼完井法open hole completion先期裸眼完井法initial open hole completion后期裸眼完井法final open hole completion射孔完井法perforation completion单管射孔完井法single pipe perforation completion多管射孔完井法multiple pipe perforation completion无油管完井法·tubingless completion永久完井法permanent completion无封隔器单层永久完井法single pipe permanent completion without packer单封隔器永久完井法permanent completion with single packer封隔器射孔完井法permanent completion with packer负压射孔perforating with negative pressure过油管射孔perforating through tubing贯眼完成法perforated pipe completion衬管完井法liner perforation completion砾石充填完井法gravel packer completion深井完井法deep hole completion高含硫气井完井法high H2s gas well completion地层损害程度formation damage degree地层损害带formation damage zone水动力学程度不完善井hydrodynamic degree incompleteness well水动力学性质不完善井油井hydrodynamic property incompletion well 完善系数well completeness factor 损害比damage ratio趋肤效应shin effect 开采比production ratio损害系数damage factor 完井系数completion factor钻井设备drilling equipment 设备安装rig up钻前工作preliminary work for spudding 井场布置layout平井场levelling 圆井cellar 基础ground foundation base活动基墩removable foundation 井架安装derrick installation扒杆gin pole 井架安装绞车winch 穿钢丝绳string up死绳固定器dead line anchor 设备校正alignment井口找中center for well 整体搬迁skidding the rig成组安装package installation 泥浆管汇mud pipeline猫头绳cat-line 高悬猫头绳drill rope大钳尾绳safety line 大门绷绳front guy（lines)井架绷绳derrick guy 接链器chain spanner钻井数据系统drilling data system钻井数据采集装置drilling data acquisition钻井数据实时处理装置drilling data processing钻井数据库drilling data base 钻井信息drilling information钻井参数传感装置drilling parameter sensing unit指重表传感器weight sensor 进尺传感器drilling footage sensor转盘扭矩传感器rotary table torque sensor转盘转速传感器R.P.M sensor for rotary table大钳扭矩传感器torque sensor for tong 泵速传感器pump rate sensor 钻井液密度传感器drilling fluid weight sensor钻井液液面传感器mud pit level sensor钻井液流动传感器drilling fluid flow sensor钻井液温度传感器drilling fluid temperature sensor钻井液电导传感器drilling fluid conductivity sensor 录井logging 钻井液录井drilling fluid logging岩样录井·lithologic logging 气测录井gas—logging钻速录井penetration rata logging 综合录井compound logging巡回检测cyclic detection 泵压表pressure gage钻具事故drilling pipe and tools accident 顿钻drill string free fall 溜钻drill string not well braked 断钻具drilling pipe breaking落鱼fish 落物junks 打捞作业fishing 打捞筒overshot打捞杯fishing cup 反循环打捞篮junk basket with reverse circulation 壁钩wall hook 铅印模lead stamp 一把抓catchall 铣鞋mill shoe 钻杆外割刀external cutter 活动肘节knuckle倒扣捞矛left hand fishing spear 弯钻杆bend drill pipe尖钻头tip bit 卡钻drill pipe sticking 砂桥卡钻sand bridging键槽卡钻key seating 压差卡钻differential sticking地层膨胀卡钻formation swelling sticking地层坍塌卡钻formation collapse sticking钻头泥包卡钻balling—up sticking 卡点sticking point解卡工具releasing tools 震击器bumper 下击器bumper jar上击器top jar 地面下击器surface bumper jar 千斤顶jack爆炸松扣break—outing pack of dynamite测卡仪sticking-point—instrument 解卡方法releasing method震击解卡法releasing stuck tamping油浴解卡法releasing stuck by pump oil into the annuls酸浴解卡法releasing stuck by acidding割铣解卡法releasing stuck by cutting套铣解卡法milling and breakout爆炸解卡法explosion releasing method 跳槽·netch jumping粘扣thread gluing 滑扣thread slipping 脱扣thread off错扣thread alternating 对扣make—up 造扣thread making顶天车crashing into the crown 磨蚀钻井abrasive cutting drill弹丸钻井bullet—shot drill 电火花钻井electric spark drill超声波钻井supersonic wave drill 火焰钻井flame-jet drill电加热钻井electric heating drill 原子能钻井atomic energy drill 电弧钻井electric arc drill 等离子钻井plasma jet drill电子束钻井electron-beam drill 激光钻井laser drill化学腐蚀钻井chemical erosion drill钻井技术经济指标tech—economic indication of drilling开钻井口数spudding well number 完钻井口数drilled well number 完成井口数completed well number 钻井进尺drilling footage取心进尺coring footage井身质量合格率well bore quality qualified ratio油层固井合格率oil reservoir well quality qualified ratio钻井工程报废drilling engineering abandonment报废井段abandoned range报废进尺abandoned footage钻机利用率rate rig utilization钻机台月rigs per unity month建井周期台月construction cycle per unity month纯钻井时间reciprocating time钻机月速度monthly drilling rate周期钻速periodic drilling rate纯钻速rate of penetration行程钻速drilling rate of a trip建井周期construction cycle完成井平均建井周期average construction of completed well完成井平均井深average well depth of completed well完成井平均进尺average bit drilling footage of completed well 钻井时效分析drilling prescription analysis进尺工作时间footage working time固井工作时间cementing working time辅助工作时间service working time事故损失时间accident losing time修理时间repairing time组织停工损失时间management down time loss处理复杂情况时间problem handling time生产时间率production per cent age纯钻进时间率reciprocating time ratio每钻机台月耗柴油量diesel consumption per rig—month每钻机台月耗机油量oil consumption per rig-month钻井工程成本cost of drilling engineering石油工程作业英语These are various parameters displayed in the comprehensive mud logging unit（CMLU)。
钻井工程的180个术语
钻井工程的180个术语钻井工程的一些术语1、井：以勘探开发石油和天然气为目的的，在地层中钻出的具有一定深度的圆柱形孔眼。
2、井口：井的开口端。
3、井底：井的底端。
4、裸眼：未下套管部分的井段。
5、井深：从转盘补心面至井底的深度。
6、井壁：井眼的圆柱形表面。
7、环空：井中下有管柱时，井壁与管柱或管柱与管柱之间的圆环形截面的柱状空间。
8、井眼轴线：井眼的中心线。
9、井身结构：指的是钻头钻深、相应井段的钻头直径、下入的套管层数、直径及深度、各层套管外的水泥返高以及人工井底等。
10、人工井底：设计的最下部油层下的阻流环或水泥塞面。
(注：该定义不全面，人工井底是可变的)11、井的类别：按一定依据划分的井的总类。
按钻井的目的可分为探井和开发井等；按完钻后的井深可分为浅井(<1200m)、中深井(1200～3000m)、深井(3000～5000m)和超深井(>5000m)；按井眼轴线形状可分为直井和定向井。
12、探井：指以了解地层的时代、岩性、厚度、生储盖的组合和区域地质构造，地质剖面局部构造为目的，或在确定的有利圈闭上和已发现油气的圈闭上，以发现油气藏、进一步探明含油气边界和储量以及了解油气层结构为目的所钻的各种井，包括地层探井、预探井、详探井和地质浅井。
13、开发井：指为开发油气田所钻的各种采油采气井、注水注气井，或在已开发油气田内，为保持一定的产量并研究开发过程中地下情况的变化所钻的调整井、补充井、扩边井、检查资料井等。
14、直井：井眼轴线大体沿铅垂方向，其井斜角、井底水平位移和全角变化率均在限定范围内的井。
15、定向井：沿着预先设计的井眼轨道，按既定的方向偏离井口垂线一定距离，钻达目标的井。
16、丛式井：在一个井场上或一个钻井平台上，有计划地钻出两口或两口以上的定向井(可含一口直井)。
17、救援井：为抢救某一口井喷、着火的井而设计、施工的定向井。
18、多底井：一个井口下面有两个或两个以上井底的定向井。
钻井术语解释
钻井术语解释钻井术语解释常用术语解释1、井：以勘探开发石油和天然气为目的的，在地层中钻出的具有一定深度的圆柱形孔眼。
2、井口：井的开口端。
3、井底：井的底端。
4、裸眼：未下套管部分的井段。
5、井深：从转盘补心面至井底的深度。
6、井壁：井眼的圆柱形表面。
7、环空：井中下有管柱时，井壁与管柱或管柱与管柱之间的圆环形截面的柱状空间。
8、井眼轴线：井眼的中心线。
9、井身结构：指的是钻头钻深、相应井段的钻头直径、下入的套管层数、直径及深度、各层套管外的水泥返高以及人工井底等。
10、人工井底：设计的最下部油层下的阻流环或水泥塞面。
(注：该定义不全面，人工井底是可变的)11、井的类别：按一定依据划分的井的总类。
按钻井的目的可分为探井和开发井等；按完钻后的井深可分为浅井(<1200m)、中深井(1200～3000m)、深井(3000～5000m)和超深井(>5000m)；按井眼轴线形状可分为直井和定向井。
12、探井：指以了解地层的时代、岩性、厚度、生储盖的组合和区域地质构造，地质剖面局部构造为目的，或在确定的有利圈闭上和已发现油气的圈闭上，以发现油气藏、进一步探明含油气边界和储量以及了解油气层结构为目的所钻的各种井，包括地层探井、预探井、详探井和地质浅井。
13、开发井：指为开发油气田所钻的各种采油采气井、注水注气井，或在已开发油气田内，为保持一定的产量并研究开发过程中地下情况的变化所钻的调整井、补充井、扩边井、检查资料井等。
14、直井：井眼轴线大体沿铅垂方向，其井斜角、井底水平位移和全角变化率均在限定范围内的井。
15、定向井：沿着预先设计的井眼轨道，按既定的方向偏离井口垂线一定距离，钻达目标的井。
16、丛式井：在一个井场上或一个钻井平台上，有计划地钻出两口或两口以上的定向井(可含一口直井)。
17、救援井：为抢救某一口井喷、着火的井而设计、施工的定向井。
18、多底井：一个井口下面有两个或两个以上井底的定向井。
钻井工程常用术语
钻井工程常用名词术语钻井总论钻井drilling 钻井方法drilling method 顿钻钻井cable drilling杆式顿钻rod tool drilling 绳式顿钻cable tool drilling轻便钻井portable drilling 直井straight hole 深井deep well超深井super deep well 地热井geothermal well热采井thermal production well 工程井engineering rejection well 工程报废井abandoned well 弃井abandoned well钻井设计well design 钻井质量drilling quality岩石的物理机械性质physical—mechanical properties of rock矿物的微硬度micro—hardness of rook肖氏岩石硬度Shores hardness 史氏岩石硬度Shi’s hardness 矿物的弹性模量elastic modulus of mineral岩石的弹性模量elastic modulus of rock矿物的泊松比Poissons ratio mineral岩石的泊松比Poissons ratio rock矿物的切变模量shear modulus of mineral岩石的切变模量shear modulus of rock矿物和岩石的体积压缩模量bulk compressibility mineral and rock 岩石的体积压缩系数coefficient of bulk compressibility mineral and rock岩石的抗拉伸强度tensile strength of rock岩石的直接拉伸试验direct tensile test of rock岩石的巴西劈裂拉伸实验Brazilian test of rock·岩石的筒形抗内压胀裂试验burst test of hollow cyling by internal pressure岩石的常规抗压缩强度compressive strength of rock岩石的抗剪切强度shear strength of rock岩石的抗剪切强度试验shear test of rock岩石的三轴强度试验tri-axial test of rock岩石的常规三轴试验ordinary tri—axial test of rock岩石的真三轴试验true tri-axial test of rock脆性岩石brittle rock 塑性岩石plastic rock岩石的假塑性破坏pseudo-plastic breakage of rock岩石塑性系数coefficient of plasticity of rock岩石的脆塑性转变压力（临界压力）brittle plastic transitional pressure of rock岩石的库仑纳维尔强度准则Conlomb-Navier strength criterion of rock 岩石的内磨擦角和内磨擦系数angle of interal friction and coefficient of interal friction of rock岩石的莫尔强度准则Mohr strength criterion of rock岩石的格里菲斯脆性破坏准则Griffith criterion of brittle failure of rock统计强度理论statistical strength theory岩石的表面破碎surface fracture of rock岩石的疲劳破碎fatigue fracture of rock岩石的体积破碎volumetric fracture of rock岩石的单位体积破碎pecific volumetric fracture work of rock地应力in situ stress岩层的水平测向应力horizontal stress of strata测向系数coefficient of lateral pressure围压confining pressure 有效应力effective stress压持效应chip hold effect 岩石硬度减低剂rock hardness reducer岩石的可钻性drill ability of rock 岩石的研磨性rock abrasiveness钻具drilling tool 钻柱drill stem 复合钻柱combination string满眼钻柱packed hole assembly 踏式钻铤组合tapered drill collar string 钟摆钻具pendulum assembly 偏重钻铤unbalanced drill collar钻柱弯曲buckling of drill string钻具的扭转震动twisting vibration of drill string钻杆疲劳破坏fatigue—failure of drill string 上紧矩make—up torque 应力减轻槽stress—relief groove 减震器vibration dampener稳定器stabilizer 井眼大扩器reamer 钻井液drilling fluids水基钻井液water—base drilling fluids淡水钻井液fresh-water drilling fluids低固相钻井液low solids fluids低固相不分散钻井液low solids non-dispersed polymer drilling fluids抑制性钻井液inhibitive drilling fluids盐水钻井液salt-water drilling fluids饱和盐水钻井液saturated salt-water drilling fluids钙处理钻井液calcium treated drilling fluids钾盐钻井液potassium drilling fluids混油钻井液oil—emulsion drilling fluids生物聚合物钻井液biodegrability drilling fluids油基钻井液oil base drilling fluids反相乳化钻井液invert-emulsion drilling fluids平衡活度钻井液balanced activity drilling fluids泡沫钻井液foam drilling fluids 密闭液sealing fluids完井液completion fluids 封隔夜packer fluids解卡浸泡液stuck freeing spotting fluids钻井液性能properties of drilling fluids滤失filtration API滤失量API filtration高温高压滤失量high temperature and high pressure filtration动滤失量dynamic filtration 滤饼filter cake 含砂量sand content 钻井液固相含量solids content in drilling fluids亚甲基兰实验methylene blue test石灰含量lime content estimation钻井液的酚酞碱度P m alkalinity 滤液酚酞碱度P t alkalinity 滤液甲基橙碱度M f alkalinity 造浆率yield破乳电压emulsion-breaking voltage钻井液流变性drilling fluids rheology 漏斗粘度funnel viscosity触变性thixotropic behavior 静切力gel strength初切力initial gel strength 终切力10-minuto gel strength 剪切降粘特性shear—thinning behavior钻井液受污染contamination of drilling fluids粘土侵clay contamination 盐侵salt contamination盐水侵salt water contamination 钙侵calcium contamination砂侵sand contamination 水侵water contamination气侵gas contamination 钻井液处理剂mud additives 降失水剂filtrate or reduction agents 增粘剂thickening agent膨润土增效剂agents of increasing bentonite降粘剂thinning agents 加重剂weighting agents堵漏剂lost circulation materials 水敏性页岩water-sensitive shale 膨润土的预水化pre—hydrated bentonite 固相控制solid control 钻屑cutting 砂sand 泥silt 胶体颗粒colloidal solids 钻进drilling 钻进技术drilling technology钻进技术参数drilling parameters 钻压weight on bit悬重和钻重string suspending weight and drilling weight转速rpm—revolution per minute 排量rate of flow零轴向点zero axial stress point 中性点neutral point开钻spud in 完钻finishing drilling 送钻bit feed方余和方入kelly—up and kelly-in 进尺footage机械钻速penetration rate 鳖钻bit bouncing 跳钻bit jumping干钻drilling at circulation break 打倒车reverse rotation table钻头泥包bit balling 划眼redressing 扩眼reamin1放空drilling break 吊打easing the bit in 纠斜hole straightening 侧钻sidetracking 单根single 双根double立根stand 接单根king a connection 起下钻trips知起下钻short tripping 活动钻具move the drill string上卸扣make up and break out 换钻头change bit鼠洞rat hole 小鼠洞mouse hole 喷射钻井jet—bit drilling射流jet flow 冲击射流impact jet flow 汽蚀射流·cavitation jet 射流扩散角和扩散系数spread angle and spread coefficient of jet射流等速·patential core of jet 漫流cross flow 射流喷速jet velocity 射流速度降低系数decreasing coefficient of jet velocity射流动压力dynamic pressure of jet flow射流压力降低系数coefficient of jet-flow pressure drop射流冲击力jet impact force 射流水功率jet hydraulic—power喷射距离jet length 清洗井底bottom—hole cleaning钻头压降bit pressure—drop 钻头水功率bit hydraulic horse—power喷嘴nozzle 等变速喷嘴nozzle with iso-variable velocity流线形喷嘴streamline nozzle 喷嘴流量系数nozzle orifico coefficient钻井液循环系统drilling fluids circulating system钻井液流态flow pattern 平板层流flat plate laminar flowZ值Z—value 喷射钻井的工作方式The working regime of jet drilling最大钻头水功率工作方式The regime of the maximum bit hydra-ulic horse-power最大射流冲击力方式the regime of the maximum jet-impact force最大射流喷速工作方式The regime of the maximum jet velocity经济水功率工作方式the regime of the economic hydraulic horse—powerjet bit 喷射式钻头optimum rate of mud flow 最优喷嘴直径optimum nozzlo diameter临界井深和极限井深critical well depth and limited well depth钻井泵的工作状态the working regime of drilling pump钻井泵的最大排工作状态(额定工作功率工作状态）the maximum flow rate regime of the drilling pump （the rated power regime of the drilling pump）钻井泵的调节排量工作状态（允许压力工作状态)the regulated flow rate regime of the drilling pump(the rated power regime of the drilling pump）携带岩屑cutting carrying 岩屑运移比cutting transport ratio环空岩屑浓度solid concentration in annular space钻井泵效率rate of utilized power of the drilling pump钻井泵水功济利用率rate of utilized hydraulic power of the drilling pump优化钻井技术optimum drilling technology 控制井control well钻井可控参数controllable drilling variables钻井不可控参数non controllable drilling variables钻井目标函数（钻井泛函)objective function of drilling procedure钻进过程的数学模型mathematical model for drilling procedure钻速方程equation for drilling rate二元钻速方程drilling rate equation in two variables多元钻速方程multi-variable drilling rate equation最大允许钻压maximum allowable weight on bit最优钻压optimum weight on bit 钻速系数factor of penetration rate 地层研磨性系数factor of formation abrasiveness牙齿磨损系数tooth wear coefficient轴承工作系数working coefficient of bearing五点法钻速试验“five spot” drill—off test井下动力钻井hole bottom power drilling涡轮钻井turbo-drilling 涡轮钻具turbo-drill 电动钻具electric drill 螺杆钻具positive displacement motor涡轮工作特性characteristics of turbine涡轮的水力载荷hydraulic load on turbo—drill涡轮钻具井底工作特性hole-bottom working characteristics of turbo—drill涡轮钻具最优工作区optimized working zone of turbo—drill涡轮钻具合理转速optimum revolution of turbo-drill涡轮钻具最优排量optimum capacity of turbo—drill涡轮不稳定工作区unstable working range turbo—drill有效钻压effective bit—weight涡轮钻具井底功率传递系数transfer coefficient of bottom hole power of turbo—drill涡轮钻具特性系数characteristic coefficient of turbo—drill涡轮的水力效率hydraulic efficiency of turbo-drill涡轮钻具合理钻进深度optimum drill depth of turbo—drill涡轮-泵组联合特性combined characteristics of turbo-drill—pump涡轮钻具轴向间隙的调节axial clearance regulation of turbo—drill钻具滤清器drill pipe filter 启动阀starter gate valve低速大扭矩涡轮钻具love-speed high-torque turbo-drill复式涡轮钻具compound turbo—drill定向井directional well 定向要素directional elements井斜角inclination 方位角azimuth 井斜变化率rate of inclination change方位变化率rate of azimuth change 井眼曲率hole curvature垂深和测深vertical depth and measured 水平投影长度hole deviation 水平位移displacement or closure distance 多底井multi-bore well水平井horizontal well 丛式井cluster well or multiple wells救除井relief well 双筒井dual wells套管开窗starting window on casing 造斜deflecting or building angle 增斜increasing hole angle or build—up hole angle降斜decreasing hole angle or build—off hole angle稳斜maintain angle井身垂直投影图vertical projection of borehole井身水平投影图horizontal projection of borehole正切法tangential method 平衡正切法balanced tangential method 平均角法average angle method曲率半径法radius of curvature method 圆弧法arc method 最小曲率法minimum curvature method圆柱螺线法cylinder helix method 悬链线轨迹·catenary shape profile 控制圆柱control cylinder 造斜工具deflecting tool槽式变向器whip—stock 短涡轮short turbo-drill钻铤造斜短节short bent collar 涡轮偏心短节turbo—eccentric sub 复式弯涡轮bent multi-turbo—drill水力斜接头hydraulic bent sub Dyna-flex 瓦片变向器rebel tool造斜工具面tool face 造斜率rate of over—all angle change井眼方位漂移walk of hole 装置角tool of rotation工具面角tool face azimuth 动力钻具反扭角reactive torque定向方位角tool face bearing or tool face setting磁偏角magnetic declination 随钻测量measurement while drill(MWD）单点测斜仪single shot instrument多点测斜仪multi—shot instrument 陀螺测斜仪gyroscopic instrument 定向orientation定向下钻orientation while going in hole磁力定向法magnetic orientation method斜口管鞋定向法mule—shoe orientation method取心coring 岩心core 岩心收获率recovery of core取心方法coring method局部反循环取心coring with local inverse circulation长筒取心core drilling with long core barrel密闭取心sealing core drilling保压取心core drilling with keeping formation pressure定向取心orientation coring 绳索取心wire line coring取心工具coring tools 岩心筒core barrel单筒式岩心筒single type core barrel双筒式岩心筒core barrel of double tube swivel type内岩心筒inside core barrel 外岩心筒outside core barrel喷射式岩心筒core barrel of jet type 取心钻头coring bit牙轮取心钻头coring cone bit 金钢石取心钻头diamond coring bit 硬质合金取心钻头hard metal coring bit 涡轮取心钻头turbo-core bit 涡轮取心钻具turbo—core drill 岩心爪core gripper卡瓦式岩心爪core gripper with slip卡簧式岩心爪core gripper with slip-spring板簧式岩心爪卡core gripper with slip-spider箍式岩心爪core gripper with slip—collar割取岩心core breaking机械加压割心法core breaking by mechanical loading投球割心core breaking by hydraulic pressure投砂割心core breaking by pumping down顶岩心core extracting各种压力概念concept of pressure 静液压力hydrostatic pressure钻井液压力drilling fluid column pressure孔隙压力pore pressure (formation pressure）上覆岩层压力overburden pressure 颗粒压力grain to grain pressure 压力梯度pressure gradient 压力监控pressure detection and control 异常压力及其形成abnormal pressure and it’s formation压力异常abnormal pressure 压实作用compaction欠压实imcompaction 不渗透围栅·permeabillity barrier快速沉积rapid deposition构造型异常高压structural abnormal pressure 地层压力检测方法method of formation pressure detection地震资料法seismic data method机械钻速法penetration rate method d指数法d-exponent method dc指数法dc—exponent method标准化钻速法normalized penetration rate页岩密度法shale density溢流观测法take a kick 天然气录井检测法gas logging氯化物检测法chloride log 钻井液录井法drilling fluid log返出钻井液温度检测法flow-line temperature化石资料法paleo-information 地球物理检测法wire—line logs中途测试drill—stem testing 完井测试well completing test综合录井仪computerlized apply drilling technology地层破裂压力formation fracture pressure地层破裂压力预报方法formation fracture pressure prediction漏失试验法leak—off test胡伯特—威利斯法Hubbert and Willis approach马修斯—凯利法method of Matthews and Kelly伊顿法method of Eaton 安德森法Anderson’s method艾克斯劳格法Exlog method 黄荣樽法Huang’s method地层井眼系统的压力平衡balance of formation-borehole system地层压力当量钻井液密度equivalent drilling fluid density钻井液当量循环密度equivalent circulating density附加压力当量钻井液密度additional pressure equivalent density当量深度equivalent depth 钻柱排代量drilling fluid displacement 波动压力（激动压力)surge pressure 抽汲压力swabbing pressure气体上窜gas channeling天然气偏差因子the coefficient of gas compressibility溢流overflow 井涌kick 井喷well blowout地下井喷underground blowout 井喷失控out of control for blowout 循环池液体增量pit gain 压力过渡带pressure transition zone压井killing well 关井closing well 硬关井hard closing软关井soft closing 压井方法killing well method工程师法（等待加重量法）engineer’s method司钻法(二次循环法）driller’s method边加重边循环法concurrent method 空井压井empty well control 置换式压井法（顶部压井法）displacement method反循环inverse circulating 循环周circulating circle节流循环circulating with choke防喷设备和工具blowout prevention tools and equipments防溢管·bellnipple 钻井液流量计drilling fluid flowing indicator 泵冲数计pump-stroke counter钻井液液面指示器pit-volume indicator真空除气器·vacum degasser 硫化氢监测仪H2s detector井控模拟装置well control simulator井喷失控的处理well blowout control 抢装井口installing wellhead 扣装法抢装井口buckling-up—installing wellhead翻转法抢装井口turning—up—installing wellhead整体吊装法抢装井口whole hanging method for installing wellhead带帽子压井法·hatting kill well method下封隔器压井killing well with packer method换井口套管casing replacing 灭火extinguishing喷射水流灭火法jet fire extinguishing method爆炸灭火法explosion method 灭火剂extinguisher固井well cementing 套管程序casing program 导管conductor 表层套管surface casing 技术套管intermediate casing strings生产套管production casing 套管柱casing string套管柱下部结构casing accessories 引鞋guiding shoe套管鞋casing shoe 套管扶正器·centralizer 泥饼刷·wall scratcher 浮籀float collar 套管承托环cement baffle collar 旋流短节vortex sub 浮鞋cementing float collar 水泥伞cementing basket注水泥胶塞cementing plugs 通径规drift diameter gauge套管的外载荷outside casing load 套管内压力burst套管外挤压力collapse pressure 套管轴向力axial load套管强度casing strength 套管抗挤强度collapse resistance套管抗拉强度tensile resistance 套管抗内压强度burst resistance下套管running casing 活动套管moving casing预应力preceding stress 人工井底artificial bottom of a well磁性定位短节magnetic locator sub固井工具与设备tools and equipments for running casing and cementing 套管吊钳casing tong 套管吊卡casing elevator卡盘casing spider 联顶节top connecting collar水泥头connect head 水泥车connecting truck井口装置wellhead equipment 注水泥?connect油井水泥oil well connecting 低密度水泥light weight connect膨润土水泥·bentonite connect 速凝水泥accelerated cement膨胀水泥expansion cement 纤维质水泥fiber cement树脂水泥（浆)resin cement 油基水泥（浆）diesel—oil cement 橡胶水泥（浆）latex cement 酸溶性水泥acid dissoluble cement 石膏水泥混合物·gypsam cement 火山灰水泥·pozzolan cement 抗盐水泥salt-resisting cement双凝水泥浆separable setting cement slurry冷井水泥和热井水泥ordinary and hot cementAPI水泥分级API cement classification水泥浆性能及其调节cement properties and adjustments of them稠度仪consist-meter 水泥浆流动性mobility of slurry水泥浆密度slurry density 水泥浆滤失量slurry filtration出口温度井底温度和循环温度flow-line temperature bottom temperature and circulation temperature水泥浆失重losing weight slurry 水泥石强度cement strength水泥石渗透性permeability of set cement水泥石的射孔性perforating quality 水泥浆外加剂cement additive 速凝剂accelerator 缓凝剂retardant 减阻剂friction reducer降密度剂light weight additive 降失水量filtrate reducer水泥浆加重剂heavy weight additive 隔离液spacer fluid前置液ahead fluid 尾随液tail fluid 注水泥方法cementing methods 常规注水泥法typical primary cementing双级注水泥法two stage cementing插入注水泥法inner pipe cementing 多管注水泥法·multi—plezone completion cementing打水泥塞cementing plug平衡法打水泥塞balance method for cementing plug倾筒法打水泥塞dump bailer method 挤水泥squeeze method井口挤水泥法·braden head squeeze method封隔器挤水泥法squeeze packer method高压挤水泥法high-pressure squeeze method低压挤水泥法low-pressure squeeze method尾管固井drilling liner cementing 尾管悬挂器drilling liner hanger 窜槽cement channeling 完井方法completion methods裸眼完井法open hole completion先期裸眼完井法initial open hole completion后期裸眼完井法final open hole completion射孔完井法perforation completion单管射孔完井法single pipe perforation completion多管射孔完井法multiple pipe perforation completion无油管完井法·tubingless completion永久完井法permanent completion无封隔器单层永久完井法single pipe permanent completion without packer单封隔器永久完井法permanent completion with single packer封隔器射孔完井法permanent completion with packer负压射孔perforating with negative pressure过油管射孔perforating through tubing贯眼完成法perforated pipe completion衬管完井法liner perforation completion砾石充填完井法gravel packer completion深井完井法deep hole completion高含硫气井完井法high H2s gas well completion地层损害程度formation damage degree地层损害带formation damage zone水动力学程度不完善井hydrodynamic degree incompleteness well水动力学性质不完善井油井hydrodynamic property incompletion well 完善系数well completeness factor 损害比damage ratio趋肤效应shin effect 开采比production ratio损害系数damage factor 完井系数completion factor钻井设备drilling equipment 设备安装rig up钻前工作preliminary work for spudding 井场布置layout平井场levelling 圆井cellar 基础ground foundation base活动基墩removable foundation 井架安装derrick installation扒杆gin pole 井架安装绞车winch 穿钢丝绳string up死绳固定器dead line anchor 设备校正alignment井口找中center for well 整体搬迁skidding the rig成组安装package installation 泥浆管汇mud pipeline猫头绳cat—line 高悬猫头绳drill rope大钳尾绳safety line 大门绷绳front guy（lines)井架绷绳derrick guy 接链器chain spanner钻井数据系统drilling data system钻井数据采集装置drilling data acquisition钻井数据实时处理装置drilling data processing钻井数据库drilling data base 钻井信息drilling information钻井参数传感装置drilling parameter sensing unit指重表传感器weight sensor 进尺传感器drilling footage sensor转盘扭矩传感器rotary table torque sensor转盘转速传感器R。
钻井工程术语
10 定向钻井 directional drilling10.1 定向井 directional well沿着预先设计的井眼轨道，按既定的方向偏离井口垂线一定距离，钻达目标的井。
10.2 丛式井 cluster well在一个井场上或一个钻井平台上，有计划地钻出两口或两口以上的定向井，可含一口直井。
10.3救援井relief well为抢救某一口井喷、着火的井而设计、施工的定向井。
同义词：救险井10.4 多底井 multi-bore well一个井口下面有两个或两个以上井底的定向井。
10.5 绕障井 detouring obstacles well为避开在地下存在着某种不允许通过或难以穿过的障碍，沿一定井眼轨道钻达目标的定向井。
10.6 多目标定向井 multi-target directional well有两个或两个以上目标的定向井。
10.7 大斜度井 high angle well最大井斜角在600~860的定向井。
10.8 水平井 horizontal well井斜角大于或等于860，并保持这种角度钻完一定长度的水平段的定向井。
10.8.1 长曲率半径水平井 long radius horizontal well造斜率小于06／30m 的水平井。
10.8.2 中曲率半径水平井 medium radius horizontal well造斜率为06~020／30m 的水平井。
10.8.3 短曲率半径水平井 short radius horizontal well造斜率高达0010~1／m 的水平井。
10.9 斜直井 slant hole用倾斜钻机或倾斜式井架完成的，自井口开始井眼轨迹首先是一段斜直井段的定向井。
10.10 井眼轨道 well trajectory表示设计的定向井井眼轴线形状的图形。
同义词：井眼轴线；井身剖面10.10.1 二维定向井井眼轨道 two dimensional trajectory井眼轴线只在某一个给定方位上的铅垂平面内变化。
钻井知识名词
钻井工程术语1、井：以勘探开发石油和天然气为目的的，在地层中钻出的具有一定深度的圆柱形孔眼。
2、井口：井的开口端。
3、井底：井的底端。
4、裸眼：未下套管部分的井段。
5、井深：从转盘补心面至井底的深度。
6、井壁：井眼的圆柱形表面。
7、环空：井中下有管柱时，井壁与管柱或管柱与管柱之间的圆环形截面的柱状空间。
8、井眼轴线：井眼的中心线。
9、井身结构：指的是钻头钻深、相应井段的钻头直径、下入的套管层数、直径及深度、各层套管外的水泥返高以及人工井底等。
10、人工井底：设计的最下部油层下的阻流环或水泥塞面。
(注：该定义不全面，人工井底是可变的)11、井的类别：按一定依据划分的井的总类。
按钻井的目的可分为探井和开发井等；按完钻后的井深可分为浅井(<1200m)、中深井(1200～3000m)、深井(3000～5000m)和超深井(>5000m)；按井眼轴线形状可分为直井和定向井。
12、探井：指以了解地层的时代、岩性、厚度、生储盖的组合和区域地质构造，地质剖面局部构造为目的，或在确定的有利圈闭上和已发现油气的圈闭上，以发现油气藏、进一步探明含油气边界和储量以及了解油气层结构为目的所钻的各种井，包括地层探井、预探井、详探井和地质浅井。
13、开发井：指为开发油气田所钻的各种采油采气井、注水注气井，或在已开发油气田内，为保持一定的产量并研究开发过程中地下情况的变化所钻的调整井、补充井、扩边井、检查资料井等。
14、直井：井眼轴线大体沿铅垂方向，其井斜角、井底水平位移和全角变化率均在限定范围内的井。
15、定向井：沿着预先设计的井眼轨道，按既定的方向偏离井口垂线一定距离，钻达目标的井。
16、丛式井：在一个井场上或一个钻井平台上，有计划地钻出两口或两口以上的定向井(可含一口直井)。
17、救援井：为抢救某一口井喷、着火的井而设计、施工的定向井。
18、多底井：一个井口下面有两个或两个以上井底的定向井。
19、大斜度井：最大井斜角在60°～86°的定向井。
钻井工程常用术语
钻井工程常用名词术语钻井总论钻井drilling 钻井方法drilling method 顿钻钻井cable drilling杆式顿钻rod tool drilling 绳式顿钻cable tool drilling轻便钻井portable drilling 直井straight hole 深井deep well超深井super deep well 地热井geothermal well热采井thermal production well 工程井engineering rejection well 工程报废井abandoned well 弃井abandoned well钻井设计well design 钻井质量drilling quality岩石的物理机械性质physical—mechanical properties of rock矿物的微硬度micro-hardness of rook肖氏岩石硬度Shores hardness 史氏岩石硬度Shi's hardness 矿物的弹性模量elastic modulus of mineral岩石的弹性模量elastic modulus of rock矿物的泊松比Poissons ratio mineral岩石的泊松比Poissons ratio rock矿物的切变模量shear modulus of mineral岩石的切变模量shear modulus of rock矿物和岩石的体积压缩模量bulk compressibility mineral and rock 岩石的体积压缩系数coefficient of bulk compressibility mineral and rock岩石的抗拉伸强度tensile strength of rock岩石的直接拉伸试验direct tensile test of rock岩石的巴西劈裂拉伸实验Brazilian test of rock·岩石的筒形抗内压胀裂试验burst test of hollow cyling by internal pressure岩石的常规抗压缩强度compressive strength of rock岩石的抗剪切强度shear strength of rock岩石的抗剪切强度试验shear test of rock岩石的三轴强度试验tri—axial test of rock岩石的常规三轴试验ordinary tri—axial test of rock岩石的真三轴试验true tri-axial test of rock脆性岩石brittle rock 塑性岩石plastic rock岩石的假塑性破坏pseudo-plastic breakage of rock岩石塑性系数coefficient of plasticity of rock岩石的脆塑性转变压力（临界压力）brittle plastic transitional pressure of rock岩石的库仑纳维尔强度准则Conlomb—Navier strength criterion of rock岩石的内磨擦角和内磨擦系数angle of interal friction and coefficient of interal friction of rock岩石的莫尔强度准则Mohr strength criterion of rock岩石的格里菲斯脆性破坏准则Griffith criterion of brittle failure of rock统计强度理论statistical strength theory岩石的表面破碎surface fracture of rock岩石的疲劳破碎fatigue fracture of rock岩石的体积破碎volumetric fracture of rock岩石的单位体积破碎pecific volumetric fracture work of rock地应力in situ stress岩层的水平测向应力horizontal stress of strata测向系数coefficient of lateral pressure围压confining pressure 有效应力effective stress压持效应chip hold effect 岩石硬度减低剂rock hardness reducer岩石的可钻性drill ability of rock 岩石的研磨性rock abrasiveness钻具drilling tool 钻柱drill stem 复合钻柱combination string满眼钻柱packed hole assembly 踏式钻铤组合tapered drill collar string 钟摆钻具pendulum assembly 偏重钻铤unbalanced drill collar钻柱弯曲buckling of drill string钻具的扭转震动twisting vibration of drill string钻杆疲劳破坏fatigue—failure of drill string 上紧矩make—up torque 应力减轻槽stress—relief groove 减震器vibration dampener稳定器stabilizer 井眼大扩器reamer 钻井液drilling fluids水基钻井液water-base drilling fluids淡水钻井液fresh—water drilling fluids低固相钻井液low solids fluids低固相不分散钻井液low solids non-dispersed polymer drilling fluids 抑制性钻井液inhibitive drilling fluids盐水钻井液salt-water drilling fluids饱和盐水钻井液saturated salt-water drilling fluids钙处理钻井液calcium treated drilling fluids钾盐钻井液potassium drilling fluids混油钻井液oil-emulsion drilling fluids生物聚合物钻井液biodegrability drilling fluids油基钻井液oil base drilling fluids反相乳化钻井液invert-emulsion drilling fluids平衡活度钻井液balanced activity drilling fluids泡沫钻井液foam drilling fluids 密闭液sealing fluids完井液completion fluids 封隔夜packer fluids解卡浸泡液stuck freeing spotting fluids钻井液性能properties of drilling fluids滤失filtration API滤失量API filtration高温高压滤失量high temperature and high pressure filtration动滤失量dynamic filtration 滤饼filter cake 含砂量sand content 钻井液固相含量solids content in drilling fluids亚甲基兰实验methylene blue test石灰含量lime content estimation钻井液的酚酞碱度P m alkalinity 滤液酚酞碱度P t alkalinity滤液甲基橙碱度M f alkalinity 造浆率yield破乳电压emulsion—breaking voltage钻井液流变性drilling fluids rheology 漏斗粘度funnel viscosity触变性thixotropic behavior 静切力gel strength初切力initial gel strength 终切力10—minuto gel strength 剪切降粘特性shear-thinning behavior钻井液受污染contamination of drilling fluids粘土侵clay contamination 盐侵salt contamination盐水侵salt water contamination 钙侵calcium contamination砂侵sand contamination 水侵water contamination气侵gas contamination 钻井液处理剂mud additives降失水剂filtrate or reduction agents 增粘剂thickening agent膨润土增效剂agents of increasing bentonite降粘剂thinning agents 加重剂weighting agents堵漏剂lost circulation materials 水敏性页岩water-sensitive shale膨润土的预水化pre—hydrated bentonite 固相控制solid control 钻屑cutting 砂sand 泥silt 胶体颗粒colloidal solids钻进drilling 钻进技术drilling technology钻进技术参数drilling parameters 钻压weight on bit悬重和钻重string suspending weight and drilling weight转速rpm-revolution per minute 排量rate of flow零轴向点zero axial stress point 中性点neutral point开钻spud in 完钻finishing drilling 送钻bit feed方余和方入kelly-up and kelly—in 进尺footage机械钻速penetration rate 鳖钻bit bouncing 跳钻bit jumping干钻drilling at circulation break 打倒车reverse rotation table钻头泥包bit balling 划眼redressing 扩眼reamin1放空drilling break 吊打easing the bit in 纠斜hole straightening 侧钻sidetracking 单根single 双根double立根stand 接单根king a connection 起下钻trips知起下钻short tripping 活动钻具move the drill string上卸扣make up and break out 换钻头change bit鼠洞rat hole 小鼠洞mouse hole 喷射钻井jet-bit drilling射流jet flow 冲击射流impact jet flow 汽蚀射流·cavitation jet 射流扩散角和扩散系数spread angle and spread coefficient of jet射流等速·patential core of jet 漫流cross flow 射流喷速jet velocity 射流速度降低系数decreasing coefficient of jet velocity射流动压力dynamic pressure of jet flow射流压力降低系数coefficient of jet—flow pressure drop射流冲击力jet impact force 射流水功率jet hydraulic—power喷射距离jet length 清洗井底bottom—hole cleaning钻头压降bit pressure-drop 钻头水功率bit hydraulic horse—power 喷嘴nozzle 等变速喷嘴nozzle with iso-variable velocity流线形喷嘴streamline nozzle 喷嘴流量系数nozzle orifico coefficient钻井液循环系统drilling fluids circulating system钻井液流态flow pattern 平板层流flat plate laminar flowZ值Z—value 喷射钻井的工作方式The working regime of jet drilling最大钻头水功率工作方式The regime of the maximum bit hydra-ulic horse—power最大射流冲击力方式the regime of the maximum jet—impact force最大射流喷速工作方式The regime of the maximum jet velocity经济水功率工作方式the regime of the economic hydraulic horse—powerjet bit 喷射式钻头optimum rate of mud flow 最优喷嘴直径optimum nozzlo diameter临界井深和极限井深critical well depth and limited well depth钻井泵的工作状态the working regime of drilling pump钻井泵的最大排工作状态（额定工作功率工作状态）the maximum flow rate regime of the drilling pump (the rated power regime of the drilling pump）钻井泵的调节排量工作状态（允许压力工作状态）the regulated flow rate regime of the drilling pump（the rated power regime of the drilling pump）携带岩屑cutting carrying 岩屑运移比cutting transport ratio环空岩屑浓度solid concentration in annular space钻井泵效率rate of utilized power of the drilling pump钻井泵水功济利用率rate of utilized hydraulic power of the drilling pump优化钻井技术optimum drilling technology 控制井control well钻井可控参数controllable drilling variables钻井不可控参数non controllable drilling variables钻井目标函数（钻井泛函）objective function of drilling procedure钻进过程的数学模型mathematical model for drilling procedure钻速方程equation for drilling rate二元钻速方程drilling rate equation in two variables多元钻速方程multi—variable drilling rate equation最大允许钻压maximum allowable weight on bit最优钻压optimum weight on bit 钻速系数factor of penetration rate 地层研磨性系数factor of formation abrasiveness牙齿磨损系数tooth wear coefficient轴承工作系数working coefficient of bearing五点法钻速试验“five spot” drill—off test井下动力钻井hole bottom power drilling涡轮钻井turbo—drilling 涡轮钻具turbo—drill 电动钻具electric drill螺杆钻具positive displacement motor涡轮工作特性characteristics of turbine涡轮的水力载荷hydraulic load on turbo-drill涡轮钻具井底工作特性hole—bottom working characteristics ofturbo-drill涡轮钻具最优工作区optimized working zone of turbo—drill涡轮钻具合理转速optimum revolution of turbo—drill涡轮钻具最优排量optimum capacity of turbo-drill涡轮不稳定工作区unstable working range turbo-drill有效钻压effective bit—weight涡轮钻具井底功率传递系数transfer coefficient of bottom hole power of turbo-drill涡轮钻具特性系数characteristic coefficient of turbo—drill涡轮的水力效率hydraulic efficiency of turbo—drill涡轮钻具合理钻进深度optimum drill depth of turbo—drill涡轮-泵组联合特性combined characteristics of turbo—drill—pump涡轮钻具轴向间隙的调节axial clearance regulation of turbo-drill钻具滤清器drill pipe filter 启动阀starter gate valve低速大扭矩涡轮钻具love—speed high-torque turbo-drill复式涡轮钻具compound turbo—drill定向井directional well 定向要素directional elements井斜角inclination 方位角azimuth 井斜变化率rate of inclination change方位变化率rate of azimuth change 井眼曲率hole curvature垂深和测深vertical depth and measured 水平投影长度hole deviation水平位移displacement or closure distance 多底井multi—bore well 水平井horizontal well 丛式井cluster well or multiple wells救除井relief well 双筒井dual wells套管开窗starting window on casing 造斜deflecting or building angle 增斜increasing hole angle or build-up hole angle降斜decreasing hole angle or build-off hole angle稳斜maintain angle井身垂直投影图vertical projection of borehole井身水平投影图horizontal projection of borehole正切法tangential method 平衡正切法balanced tangential method 平均角法average angle method曲率半径法radius of curvature method 圆弧法arc method 最小曲率法minimum curvature method圆柱螺线法cylinder helix method 悬链线轨迹·catenary shape profile 控制圆柱control cylinder 造斜工具deflecting tool槽式变向器whip-stock 短涡轮short turbo—drill钻铤造斜短节short bent collar 涡轮偏心短节turbo-eccentric sub 复式弯涡轮bent multi-turbo-drill水力斜接头hydraulic bent sub Dyna-flex 瓦片变向器rebel tool造斜工具面tool face 造斜率rate of over-all angle change井眼方位漂移walk of hole 装置角tool of rotation工具面角tool face azimuth 动力钻具反扭角reactive torque定向方位角tool face bearing or tool face setting磁偏角magnetic declination 随钻测量measurement while drill（MWD)单点测斜仪single shot instrument多点测斜仪multi—shot instrument 陀螺测斜仪gyroscopic instrument 定向orientation定向下钻orientation while going in hole磁力定向法magnetic orientation method斜口管鞋定向法mule-shoe orientation method取心coring 岩心core 岩心收获率recovery of core取心方法coring method局部反循环取心coring with local inverse circulation长筒取心core drilling with long core barrel密闭取心sealing core drilling保压取心core drilling with keeping formation pressure定向取心orientation coring 绳索取心wire line coring取心工具coring tools 岩心筒core barrel单筒式岩心筒single type core barrel双筒式岩心筒core barrel of double tube swivel type内岩心筒inside core barrel 外岩心筒outside core barrel喷射式岩心筒core barrel of jet type 取心钻头coring bit牙轮取心钻头coring cone bit 金钢石取心钻头diamond coring bit硬质合金取心钻头hard metal coring bit 涡轮取心钻头turbo-core bit 涡轮取心钻具turbo—core drill 岩心爪core gripper卡瓦式岩心爪core gripper with slip卡簧式岩心爪core gripper with slip—spring板簧式岩心爪卡core gripper with slip-spider箍式岩心爪core gripper with slip—collar割取岩心core breaking机械加压割心法core breaking by mechanical loading投球割心core breaking by hydraulic pressure投砂割心core breaking by pumping down顶岩心core extracting各种压力概念concept of pressure 静液压力hydrostatic pressure钻井液压力drilling fluid column pressure孔隙压力pore pressure （formation pressure）上覆岩层压力overburden pressure 颗粒压力grain to grain pressure 压力梯度pressure gradient 压力监控pressure detection and control 异常压力及其形成abnormal pressure and it’s formation压力异常abnormal pressure 压实作用compaction欠压实imcompaction 不渗透围栅·permeabillity barrier快速沉积rapid deposition构造型异常高压structural abnormal pressure 地层压力检测方法method of formation pressure detection地震资料法seismic data method机械钻速法penetration rate method d指数法d-exponent method dc指数法dc-exponent method标准化钻速法normalized penetration rate页岩密度法shale density溢流观测法take a kick 天然气录井检测法gas logging氯化物检测法chloride log 钻井液录井法drilling fluid log返出钻井液温度检测法flow—line temperature化石资料法paleo-information 地球物理检测法wire—line logs中途测试drill—stem testing 完井测试well completing test综合录井仪computerlized apply drilling technology地层破裂压力formation fracture pressure地层破裂压力预报方法formation fracture pressure prediction漏失试验法leak-off test胡伯特-威利斯法Hubbert and Willis approach马修斯-凯利法method of Matthews and Kelly伊顿法method of Eaton 安德森法Anderson’s method艾克斯劳格法Exlog method 黄荣樽法Huang’s method地层井眼系统的压力平衡balance of formation-borehole system地层压力当量钻井液密度equivalent drilling fluid density钻井液当量循环密度equivalent circulating density附加压力当量钻井液密度additional pressure equivalent density当量深度equivalent depth 钻柱排代量drilling fluid displacement 波动压力（激动压力）surge pressure 抽汲压力swabbing pressure 气体上窜gas channeling天然气偏差因子the coefficient of gas compressibility溢流overflow 井涌kick 井喷well blowout地下井喷underground blowout 井喷失控out of control for blowout循环池液体增量pit gain 压力过渡带pressure transition zone 压井killing well 关井closing well 硬关井hard closing软关井soft closing 压井方法killing well method工程师法（等待加重量法）engineer's method司钻法(二次循环法）driller’s method边加重边循环法concurrent method 空井压井empty well control 置换式压井法（顶部压井法）displacement method反循环inverse circulating 循环周circulating circle节流循环circulating with choke防喷设备和工具blowout prevention tools and equipments防溢管·bellnipple 钻井液流量计drilling fluid flowing indicator 泵冲数计pump-stroke counter钻井液液面指示器pit-volume indicator真空除气器·vacum degasser 硫化氢监测仪H2s detector井控模拟装置well control simulator井喷失控的处理well blowout control 抢装井口installing wellhead 扣装法抢装井口buckling-up—installing wellhead翻转法抢装井口turning—up—installing wellhead整体吊装法抢装井口whole hanging method for installing wellhead带帽子压井法·hatting kill well method下封隔器压井killing well with packer method换井口套管casing replacing 灭火extinguishing喷射水流灭火法jet fire extinguishing method爆炸灭火法explosion method 灭火剂extinguisher固井well cementing 套管程序casing program 导管conductor 表层套管surface casing 技术套管intermediate casing strings生产套管production casing 套管柱casing string套管柱下部结构casing accessories 引鞋guiding shoe套管鞋casing shoe 套管扶正器·centralizer 泥饼刷·wall scratcher 浮籀float collar 套管承托环cement baffle collar 旋流短节vortex sub 浮鞋cementing float collar 水泥伞cementing basket注水泥胶塞cementing plugs 通径规drift diameter gauge套管的外载荷outside casing load 套管内压力burst套管外挤压力collapse pressure 套管轴向力axial load套管强度casing strength 套管抗挤强度collapse resistance套管抗拉强度tensile resistance 套管抗内压强度burst resistance下套管running casing 活动套管moving casing预应力preceding stress 人工井底artificial bottom of a well磁性定位短节magnetic locator sub固井工具与设备tools and equipments for running casing and cementing 套管吊钳casing tong 套管吊卡casing elevator卡盘casing spider 联顶节top connecting collar水泥头connect head 水泥车connecting truck井口装置wellhead equipment 注水泥?connect油井水泥oil well connecting 低密度水泥light weight connect膨润土水泥·bentonite connect 速凝水泥accelerated cement膨胀水泥expansion cement 纤维质水泥fiber cement树脂水泥（浆）resin cement 油基水泥(浆)diesel-oil cement橡胶水泥（浆）latex cement 酸溶性水泥acid dissoluble cement 石膏水泥混合物·gypsam cement 火山灰水泥·pozzolan cement 抗盐水泥salt—resisting cement双凝水泥浆separable setting cement slurry冷井水泥和热井水泥ordinary and hot cementAPI水泥分级API cement classification水泥浆性能及其调节cement properties and adjustments of them稠度仪consist-meter 水泥浆流动性mobility of slurry水泥浆密度slurry density 水泥浆滤失量slurry filtration出口温度井底温度和循环温度flow—line temperature bottom temperature and circulation temperature水泥浆失重losing weight slurry 水泥石强度cement strength水泥石渗透性permeability of set cement水泥石的射孔性perforating quality 水泥浆外加剂cement additive 速凝剂accelerator 缓凝剂retardant 减阻剂friction reducer降密度剂light weight additive 降失水量filtrate reducer水泥浆加重剂heavy weight additive 隔离液spacer fluid前置液ahead fluid 尾随液tail fluid 注水泥方法cementing methods常规注水泥法typical primary cementing双级注水泥法two stage cementing插入注水泥法inner pipe cementing 多管注水泥法·multi-plezone completion cementing打水泥塞cementing plug平衡法打水泥塞balance method for cementing plug倾筒法打水泥塞dump bailer method 挤水泥squeeze method井口挤水泥法·braden head squeeze method封隔器挤水泥法squeeze packer method高压挤水泥法high-pressure squeeze method低压挤水泥法low-pressure squeeze method尾管固井drilling liner cementing 尾管悬挂器drilling liner hanger 窜槽cement channeling 完井方法completion methods裸眼完井法open hole completion先期裸眼完井法initial open hole completion后期裸眼完井法final open hole completion射孔完井法perforation completion单管射孔完井法single pipe perforation completion多管射孔完井法multiple pipe perforation completion无油管完井法·tubingless completion永久完井法permanent completion无封隔器单层永久完井法single pipe permanent completion without packer单封隔器永久完井法permanent completion with single packer封隔器射孔完井法permanent completion with packer负压射孔perforating with negative pressure过油管射孔perforating through tubing贯眼完成法perforated pipe completion衬管完井法liner perforation completion砾石充填完井法gravel packer completion深井完井法deep hole completion高含硫气井完井法high H2s gas well completion地层损害程度formation damage degree地层损害带formation damage zone水动力学程度不完善井hydrodynamic degree incompleteness well水动力学性质不完善井油井hydrodynamic property incompletion well 完善系数well completeness factor 损害比damage ratio趋肤效应shin effect 开采比production ratio损害系数damage factor 完井系数completion factor钻井设备drilling equipment 设备安装rig up钻前工作preliminary work for spudding 井场布置layout平井场levelling 圆井cellar 基础ground foundation base活动基墩removable foundation 井架安装derrick installation扒杆gin pole 井架安装绞车winch 穿钢丝绳string up死绳固定器dead line anchor 设备校正alignment井口找中center for well 整体搬迁skidding the rig成组安装package installation 泥浆管汇mud pipeline猫头绳cat-line 高悬猫头绳drill rope大钳尾绳safety line 大门绷绳front guy(lines）井架绷绳derrick guy 接链器chain spanner钻井数据系统drilling data system钻井数据采集装置drilling data acquisition钻井数据实时处理装置drilling data processing钻井数据库drilling data base 钻井信息drilling information钻井参数传感装置drilling parameter sensing unit指重表传感器weight sensor 进尺传感器drilling footage sensor转盘扭矩传感器rotary table torque sensor转盘转速传感器R。
钻井工程的180个术语
钻井工程的180个术语钻井工程的一些术语1、井：以勘探开发石油和天然气为目的的，在地层中钻出的具有一定深度的圆柱形孔眼。
2、井口：井的开口端。
3、井底：井的底端。
4、裸眼：未下套管部分的井段。
5、井深：从转盘补心面至井底的深度。
6、井壁：井眼的圆柱形表面。
7、环空：井中下有管柱时，井壁与管柱或管柱与管柱之间的圆环形截面的柱状空间。
8井眼轴线：井眼的中心线。
9、井身结构：指的是钻头钻深、相应井段的钻头直径、下入的套管层数、直径及深度、各层套管外的水泥返高以及人工井底等。
10、人工井底：设计的最下部油层下的阻流环或水泥塞面。
（注：该定义不全面，人工井底是可变的）11、井的类别：按一定依据划分的井的总类。
按钻井的目的可分为探井和开发井等；按完钻后的井深可分为浅井（＜1200m）、中深井（1200〜3000m）、深井（3000〜5000m）和超深井（＞5000m）;按井眼轴线形状可分为直井和定向井。
12、探井：指以了解地层的时代、岩性、厚度、生储盖的组合和区域地质构造，地质剖面局部构造为目的，或在确定的有利圈闭上和已发现油气的圈闭上，以发现油气藏、进一步探明含油气边界和储量以及了解油气层结构为目的所钻的各种井，包括地层探井、预探井、详探井和地质浅井。
13、开发井：指为开发油气田所钻的各种采油采气井、注水注气井，或在已开发油气田内，为保持一定的产量并研究开发过程中地下情况的变化所钻的调整井、补充井、扩边井、检查资料井等。
14、直井：井眼轴线大体沿铅垂方向，其井斜角、井底水平位移和全角变化率均在限定范围内的井。
15、定向井：沿着预先设计的井眼轨道，按既定的方向偏离井口垂线一定距离，钻达目标的井。
16、丛式井：在一个井场上或一个钻井平台上，有计划地钻出两口或两口以上的定向井（可含一口直井）。
17、救援井：为抢救某一口井喷、着火的井而设计、施工的定向井。
18、多底井：一个井口下面有两个或两个以上井底的定向井。
19、大斜度井：最大井斜角在 60 ° 86。
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钻井工程术语大全Terms of well drilling engineering目录1 主题内容与适用范围--------------------------02页2 钻井总论------------------------------------02页3 岩石的物理机械性质及可钻性------------------03页4 钻前工程------------------------------------06页5 钻头选择和使用------------------------------08页6 钻柱、钻井工具及仪表------------------------09页7 钻井工艺------------------------------------12页8 喷射钻井------------------------------------14页9 优化钻井技术--------------------------------18页10 定向钻井-----------------------------------20页11 取心钻井-----------------------------------23页12 钻井液及完井液-----------------------------25页13 油气井压力控制-----------------------------30页14 钻井事故及处理-----------------------------33页15 固井与完井---------------------------------37页16 钻井新方法---------------------------------45页17 石油钻井技术经济---------------------------45页中华人民共和国石油天然气行业标准钻井工程术语 SY/T 5313-93Terms of well drilling engineering1 主题内容与适用范围本标准规定了石油钻井工程专用的术语。
本标准适用于石油钻井工程领域，也适用于石油工业的其他领域。
2 钻井总论 general2.1 井的基本概念 basic concept of a well2.1.1 井 well :以勘探开发石油和天然气为目的，在地层中钻出的具有一定深度的圆柱形孔眼。
2.1.2 井口 wellhead:井的开口端。
2.1.3 井底 hole bottom:井的底端。
2.1.4 裸眼 open-hole:未下套管部分的井段。
2.1.5 井深 well depth:从转盘补心面至井底的深度。
2.1.6 井壁 well wall:井眼的圆柱形表面。
2.1.7 环空 annulus:井中下有管柱时，井壁与管柱或管柱与管柱之间的圆环形截面的柱状空间。
2.1.8 井眼轴线 hole axis:井眼的中心线。
2.1.9 井身结构 casing program:包括井中套管的层数及各种套管的直径、下入深度和管外的水泥返深，以及相应各井段钻进所用钻头直径。
井身结构是钻井施工设计的基础。
2.2 井的类别 well type:按一定的依据划分的井的种类。
按钻井的目的可分为探井和开发井；按完钻后的井深可分为浅井、中深井、深井和超深井；按井眼轴线形状可分为直井和定向井。
2.2.1 探井 exploratory well:指以了解地层的时代、岩性、厚度、生储盖的组合和区域地质构造，地质剖面局部构造为目的；或在确定的有利圈闭上和已开发油气的圈闭上，以发现油气藏、进一步探明含油气边界和储量以及了解油气层结构为目的所钻的各种井，包括地层探井、预探井、详探井和地质浅井。
2.2.2 开发井 development well:指为开发油气田所钻的各种采油采气井、注水注气井，或在已开发油气田内，为保持一定的产量并研究开发过程中地下情况的变化所钻的调整井、补充井、扩边井、检查资料井等。
2.2.3 直井 straight well:井眼轴线大体沿铅垂方向，其井斜角、井底水平位移和全角变化率均在限定范围内的井。
2.3 钻井方法 drilling method:用不同钻井设备、工具和工艺技术钻成一口井所用的方法。
2.3.1 顿钻钻井 cable tool drilling:利用地面设备使钻头作铅垂方向运动，以冲击方式破碎岩石形成井眼的方法。
2.3.2 杆式顿钻 rod tool drilling:利用钻杆连接钻头的顿钻钻井方法。
2.3.3 绳式顿钻 cable drilling:利用钢丝绳连接钻头的顿钻钻井方法。
2.3.4 旋转钻井 rotary drilling:利用地面设备或井下动力钻具使钻头作旋转运动，以破碎岩石形成井眼的方法。
2.3.5 转盘钻井 rotary drilling:利用转盘和钻柱带动钻头的旋转钻井方法。
2.3.6 顶部驱动钻井 top drive drilling:利用安装在水龙头部位的动力装置带动钻柱旋转的钻井方法。
可在起下钻过程中随时恢复旋转和循环。
2.3.7 井底动力钻井 down hole motor drilling:利用井底动力钻具带动钻头的旋转钻井方法。
2.3.7.1 涡轮钻井 turbo-drilling:采用涡轮钻具作为井底动力钻具。
利用水力动能驱动涡轮的旋转钻井方法。
2.3.7.2 螺杆钻井 Dyna-drilling:采用螺杆钻具作为井底动力钻具。
利用水力动能驱动容积式螺杆马达旋转钻井方法。
2.3.7.3 电动钻井 electric drilling:采用电动钻具作为井底动力钻具。
利用电力驱动井下动力钻具的旋转钻井方法。
又可分为有杆电钻和无杆电钻。
2.4 钻井种类 kinds of drilling2.4.1 海上钻井 offshore drilling:利用固定式或移动式钻井平台在不同水深的海上进行的钻井。
2.4.2 沙漠钻井 desert drilling:利用适合沙漠地带的地面设备在沙漠地区进行的钻井。
2.4.3 清水钻井 water drilling:用清水作为钻井液，在非水敏性的和岩性坚固、稳定的岩层等特定条件下进行的钻井。
2.4.4 空气（天然气）钻井 air(gas) drilling:用空气（或天然气）作为钻井流体，在一些特定岩层中进行的钻井。
2.4.5 泡沫钻井 foam drilling:用泡沫作为钻井流体进行的钻井。
适合于低渗、低压油气层。
2.4.6 雾化钻井 mist drilling:用水和泡沫剂的混合物注入到空气流中作为钻井液进行的钻井。
主要用在钻遇含水或含油砂岩中的流体而无法使井干燥的情况。
2.4.7 充气钻井液钻井 aerated drilling fluid drilling:用钻井液和空气的混合物作为钻井流体进行的钻井。
主要用于有大段含水砂岩，并伴随着井漏而不能单独用空气钻井的井。
2.4.8 平衡压力钻井 balanced pressure drilling:是指作用于井底的液柱压力等于地层孔隙压力情况下进行的钻进。
2.4.9 欠平衡压力钻井 under-balanced drilling:是指作用于井底的液柱压力略低于地层孔隙压力情况下的钻井。
2.4.10 近平衡压力钻井 near balanced drilling:是指作用于井底的液柱压力略大于地层孔隙压力情况下进行的钻井。
2.4.11 小井眼钻井 slim hole drilling:井眼直径比常规井径要小的钻井。
2.4.12 取芯钻井 core drilling:是用机械方法将所钻地层成柱状岩样从井底取出的钻井。
2.5 工程报废井 engineering abandoned well:由于钻井工程事故，无法钻达地质设计深度而报废的井。
2.6 钻井设计 well design:是钻井施工的依据，包括地质设计、工程设计、进度设计及成本设计。
2.7 单井工程设计 engineering design of a single well:钻井工程部门根据地质设计进行的一口井的工程设计，包括地质目的、建井周期、井身质量、安全生产、资料要求、套管程序、钻头系列、器材消耗、生产时间、设备管理等。
2.8 钻井工程质量 drilling engineering quality:是衡量钻井工程优劣的重要指标，主要包括井身质量、取芯质量和固井质量等。
2.9 钻井工序 drilling process:指钻井工艺过程的各个组成部分。
一般包括钻前准备、钻进、取芯、中途测试、测井、固井和完井等。
2.10 钻井进度 drilling progress:钻井施工各工序进行的先后次序和用时间表示的进展程度。
2.11 钻井条件 drilling condition:影响钻井工作决策、进行和发展的各种因素。
如地质、交通、通信、气候、设备、井眼、器材供应、组织管理、井队人员素质和技术水平等因素。
3 岩石的物理机械性质及可钻性 rock physical mechanical propertiesand drillability3.1 岩石的物理机械性质 rock mechanical properties:用来描述岩石物理、力学性质的各种参数和物理量。
3.1.1 矿物的微硬度 mineral micro-hardness:组成岩石的矿物颗粒的硬度。
3.1.2 岩石的微硬度 rock micro-hardness:根据统计学原理，用微硬度计来测定的岩石硬度平均值。
3.1.3 岩石的硬度 rock hardness:岩石抵抗其他物体压入其内的能力，即岩石的抗压入强度。
3.1.4 肖氏岩石硬度 Shore's hardness:利用肖氏硬度计测定的岩石硬度（一般为0~140）。
3.1.5 史氏岩石硬度 Shi's hardness:利用史立涅尔岩石硬度计测得的岩石硬度。
3.1.6 孪晶 twinning:矿物晶体内部产生的晶格的迁移和位置的变化。
3.1.7 矿物的弹性模量 mineral elastic modulus:根据虎克定律，理想弹性材料在弹性范围内的正应力σ与正应变ε成线性比例时，比值σ/ε即为该材料的弹性模量E。
3.1.8 岩石的弹性 rock elasticity:岩石的应变随着应力的解除而恢复的特性。
3.1.9 岩石的弹性模量 rock elastic modulus:在弹性范围内，岩石的正应力与其正应变的比值。
3.1.10 矿物的泊松比 mineral Poisson's rati矿物在施加应力方向上的应变与在垂直于此力的方向上所引起的应变的比值μ。
3.1.11 岩石的泊松比 rock Poisson's rati岩石在施加应力方向上的应变与在垂直于此力的方向上所引起的应变的比值μ。