2004年英语专业八级翻译真题
2004年TEM8英译汉考题
For me the most interesting thing about a solitary life , and mine has been that for the last twenty years, is that it becomes increasingly rewarding. When I can wake up and watch the sun rise over the ocean, as I do most days, and know that I have an entire day ahead, uninterrupted, in which to write a few pages, take a walk with my dog, read and listen to music, I am flooded with happine疲劳过度的时候，在我长时间 工作而没有休息的时候，或是在我感到 心头空虚而需要充实的时候，我才感到 孤独。有时，当外出讲学后回家，见过 许多人，讲过许多话，满脑子的感受需 要梳理的时候，我也会感到孤独。
屋子有一阵子显得既大又空，而我不知 自我潜藏何处。只有去浇浇花草，或许， 然后再注目每一株花草，将之视为活生 生的知己，我才能渐渐找回失去的自我。
I am lonely only when I am overtired, when I have worked too long without a break, when for the time being I feel empty and need filling up. And I am lonely sometimes when I come back home after a lecture trip, when I have seen a lot of people and talked a lot, and am full to the brim with experience that needs to be sorted out.
2004年专八口语试题答案
1.Britain has a lot to offer China. 42 of Europe’s top 100companiesare British. We are increasingly strong in the knowledge-based industries of the future.英国有很多产品要提供给中国。
在欧洲100强里有42个家公司是英国的。
我们未来的知识经济越来越强大。
2.One third of Europe’s biotechnology companies are located inBritain. We have the world’s fifth largest electronics sector.有三分之一的欧洲生物技术公司坐落于英国。
我们有世界上5个最大的大电子企业。
3.Upon these foundations I want to build a modern relationshipwith China. I want to consolidate a partnership which looks forward, not back. We can only tackle global problem if we work together.在这些基础上，我想与中国建立一个现代的关系。
我想巩固一个向前的而不是后退的伙伴关系。
只有我们一起努力才能解决全球问题。
4.With one of the great economics of the 21st century, China willincreasingly be called upon to share the responsibilities of international leadership. The need for cooperation has never been greater.作为21世纪经济大国之一，中国将日益被要求共同负担国际领导的责任。
【专八】专八翻译历年真题与答案(2002-2014)
113 专八翻译历年真题与答案（2002-2014）2014专八翻译真题及答案1．汉译英当我小学毕业的时候，亲友一致地愿意我去学手艺，好帮助母亲。
我晓得我应当去找饭吃，以减轻母亲的困苦。
可是，我也愿意升学。
我偷偷地考入了师范学校——制服、饭食、书籍、住处，都由学校供给。
只有这样，我才敢对母亲说升学的话。
入学，要交十元的保证金。
这是一笔巨款！母亲作了半个月的难，把这巨款筹到，而后含泪把我送出门去。
当我由师范毕业，被派为小学校的校长，母亲与我都一夜不曾合眼。
我只说了句：“以后，您可以歇一歇了！”她的回答只有一串串的眼泪。
After I graduated from primary school, relatives and friends all suggested that I should drop out and learn a trade to help my mother. Although I knew that I ought to seek a livelihood to relieve mother of hard work and distress, I still aspired to go on with study. So I kept learning secretly. I had no courage to tell mother about the idea until admitted to a normal school which provided free uniforms, books, room and board. To enter the school, I had to pay ten Yuan as a deposit. This was a large sum of money for my family. However, after two weeks’ tough effort, mother managed to raise the money and sent me off to school in tears afterwards. She would spare no pains for her son to win a bright future. On the day when I was appointed the schoolmaster after graduation, mother and I spent a sleepless night. I said to her, "you can have a rest in the future." but she replied nothing, only with tears streaming down her face.2．英译汉The physical distance between speakers can indicate a number of things and can alsobe used to consciously send messages about intent. Closeness, for example, indicates intimacy or threat to many speakers whilst distance may denote formality or a lack of interest. Proximity is also both a matter of personal style and is often culture-bound so that what may seem normal to a speaker from one culture may appear unnecessarily close or distant to a speaker from another. And, standing close to someone may be quite appropriate in some situations such as informal party, but completely out of place in others, such as meeting with a superior. Posture can convey meaning too. Hunched shoulders and a hanging head give a powerful indication of mood. A lowered head when speaking to a superior (with or without eye contact) can convey the appropriate relationship in some cultures.演说者与听众之间的实际距离通常来是用来传送演说内容的最佳途径但是同时可以表明很多问题。
2004年英语专八试卷真题及答案
2004年英语专八试卷真题及答案PART ⅠLISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A TALKLanguage is used for doing things. People use it in everyday conversation for transacting business, planning meals and vacations, debating politics, and gossiping. Teachers use it for instructing students, and comedians use it for amusing audiences. All these are instances of language use - that is activities in which people do things with language. As we can see, language use is really a form of joint action.What is joint action? I think it is an action that is carried out by a group of people doing things in coordination with each other. As simple examples, think of two people waltzing, or playing a piano duet. When two dancers waltz, they each move around the ballroom in a special way. But waltzing is different from the sum of their individual actions. Can you imagine these two dancers doing the same steps, but in separate rooms, or at separate times? So waltzing is, in fact, the joint action that emerges as the two dancers do their individual steps in coordination, as a couple.Similarly, doing things with language is also different from the sum of the speaker speaking and the listener listening. It is the joint action that emerges when speakers and listeners, or writers and readers, perform their individual actions in coordination, as ensembles. Therefore, we can say that language use incorporates both individual and social processes. Speakers and listeners, writers and readers, must carry out actions as individuals, if they are to succeed in theiruse of language. But they must also work together as participants in the social units I have called ensembles. In the example I mentioned just now, the two dancers perform both individual actions, moving their bodies, arms, and legs, and joint actions, coordinating these movements, as they create the waltz. In the past, language use has been studied as if it were entirely an individual process. And it has also been studied as if it were entirely a social process. For me, I suggest that it belongs to both. We cannot hope to understand language use without viewing it as joint actions built on individual actions. In order to explain how all these actions work, I'd like to review briefly settings of language use. By settings, I mean the scene in which language use takes place, plus the medium - which refers to whether language use is spoken or written. And in this talk, I'll focus on spoken settings.The spoken setting mentioned most often is conversation - either face to face, or on the telephone. Conversations may be devoted to gossip, business transactions or scientific matters, but they're all characterized by the free exchange of terms among the two participants. I'll call these personal settings. Then we have what I would call nonpersonal settings. A typical example is the monologue. In monologues, one person speaks with little or no opportunity for interruption, or turns by members of the audience. Monologues come in many varieties too, as a professor lectures to a class, or a student giving a presentation to a seminar. These people speak for themselves, uttering words they formulated themselves for the audience before them, and the audience isn't expected to interrupt. In another kind of setting which are called institutional settings, the participants engage in speech exchanges that look like ordinary conversation, but they are limited by institutional rules. As examples, we can think of a government official holding a news conference, alawyer cross question ing a witness in court, or a professor directing a seminar discussion. In these settings, what is said is more or less spontaneous, even though turns at speaking are allocated by a leader, or are restricted in other ways.The person speaking isn't always the one whose intentions are being expressed. We have the clearest examples in fictional settings. Vivian Leigh plays Scarlett O'Hara in "Gone with the Wind", Frank Sinatra sings a love song in front of a live audience, the speakers are each vocalizing words composed by someone else - for instance a playwright or a composer - and are openly pretending to be expressing opinions that aren't necessarily their own. Finally there are private settings when people speak for themselves without actually addressing anyone else, for example, I might explain silently to myself, or talk to myself about solving a research problem, or rehearsing what I'm about to say in a seminar tomorrow. What I say isn't intended to be recognized by other people, it is only of use to myself. These are the features of private settings.SECTION B TALKW: Good evening, I'm Nancy Johnson. The guest on our radio talk this evening is Professor Wang Gongwu. Hello, Professor Wang.M: Hello.W: Professor Wang, you're now professor emeritus of Australia National University, and in your long academic career, you've worn many hats as tutor, lecturer, department head, dean, professor, and vice chancellor. However, as I know, you're still very fond of youruniversity days as a student.M: That's right. That was in 1949. The university that I went to was a brand new university then, and the only one in the country at that time. When I look back, it was an amazingly small university, and we knew everybody.W: How did the students like you, for example, study then?M: We didn't study very hard, because we didn't have to. We didn't have all this fantastic competition that you have today. Mmm. We were always made to feel that getting a first degree in the Arts faculty was not preparation for a profession. It was a general education. We were not under any pressure to decide on our careers, and we had such a good time. We were left very much on our own, and we were encouraged to make things happen.W: What do you see as the most striking difference in university education since then?M: University education has changed dramatically since those days. Things are very specialized today.W: Yes, definitely so. And, in your subsequent career experience as an educator and later administrator in various institutions of higher education in Asia and elsewhere, Professor Wang, you have repeatedly noted that one has to look at the development of education in one particular country in a broad context. What do you mean by that?M: Well, the whole world has moved away from elite education in universities to meet the needs of mass education, and entering universities is no longer a privilege for the few. And universities today are more concerned with providing jobs for their graduates in a way that universities in our time never had to be bothered about. Therefore, the emphasis of university programs today is now on the practical and the utilitarian, rather than on a general education or on personal development.W: Do you think that is a welcome development?M: Well, I personally regret this development. But the basic bachelor's education now has to cater to people who really need a piece of paper to find a decent job.W: So you're concerned about this development.M: Yes, I'm very concerned. With technical changes, many of the things that you learn are technical skills, which don't require you to become very well educated. Yet, if you can master those skills, you can get very good jobs. So the technical institutions are going to be increasingly popular at the expense of traditional universitites.W: Professor Wang, let's look at a different issue. How do you comment on the current phenomenon because of the fees they pay?M: Well, once you accept students on financial grounds, one wonders whether you have to pass them as well. But this is the development in education that we have to contend with. Yet, if we are concerned about maintaining standards, what we can do is to concentrate onimproving the quality of education.W: Yes, you're right. A university is judged by the quality of education it offers. Professor Wang, let's turn to the future. What type of graduates, in your view, to universities of the future need to produce, if they are to remain relevant?M: I think their graduates must be able to shift from one profession to another, because they are trained in a very independent way. If you can do that, you raise the level of the flexibility of the mind. Today's rapid changes in technology demand this adaptability. And you see the best universities in the world are already trying to guarantee that their students will not only be technically trained, but will be the kind of people that can adapt to any changing situation.W: I guess many people would agree with you on that point. University education should focus on both personal and professional development of students. But still some might believe there is a definite place for education in a broader sense - that is, in personal intellectual development.M: No doubt about that. We need people who will think about the future, about the past, and also people who will think about society. If a society doesn't have philosophers, or people who think about the value of life, it's a very sad society indeed.W: Professor Wang, my last question: do you see any common ground in education between your generation and the young generation now?M: Adapting to new challenges is perhaps the true cornerstone of ourgeneration's legacy to education. And the future of education in a country rests not so much on the construction of better buildings, labs, etc., but in the development of an ever adaptable mind.W: That's true. The essence of education is the education of the mind. Okay, thank you very much, Professor Wang, for talking to us on the show about the changing trends in education.M: You're welcomeSECTION CA new data shows that the global AIDS pandemic will cause a sharp drop in life expectancy in dozens of countries, in some cases, declines of three decades. Several nations are losing a century's progress in extending the length of life. Nations in every part of the world, 51 in all, are suffering declining life expectancies because of an increasing prevalence of HIV infection. The increase is occurring in Asia, Latin America, and the Carribbean, but is greatest in sub Saharan Africa, a region with only 10% of the world's population but 70% of the world's HIV infections. Seven African countries have life expectancies of less than 40 years. For example, in Botswana, where 39% of the adult population is infected with HIV, life expectancy is 39 years. But by 2010, it will be less than 27 years. Without AIDS, it would have been 44 years. Life expectancy throughout the Carribbean and some Central American nations will drop into the 60's by 2010, when they would otherwise have been in the 70's without AIDS. In Cambodia and Burma, they are predicted to decline to around 60 years old, to what otherwise would have been in the mid 60's. Even in countries where the number of new infections is dropping, such as Thailand, Uganda,and Senegal, small life expectancy drop is forecast. Back in the early 1990's, we never would have suspected that population growth would have turned negative because of AIDS mortality. In less than 10 years, we expect that 5 countries will be experiencing negative population growth because of AIDS mortality, including South Africa, Mozambique, Lesotho, Botswana and Swaziland.Questions 14 and 15 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.The European Union has drafted a list of US products to be hit with import taxes in retaliation for tariffs the United States has imposed on European steel. EU member governments will review the list before the EU submits it to the World Trade Organization, which arbitrates international trade disputes. EU officials will not say which American products will be hit by the EU sanctions. But diplomats monitoring the most recent trans Atlantic trade dispute say they include textiles and steel products.Earlier this month, the Bush administration imposed tariffs of up to 30 percent on some steel imports, including European products.The EU has appealed to the World Trade Organization to get those duties overturned. But a WTO decision on the matter could take up to a year or more. EU officials say that, under WTO rules, the EU has the right to impose retaliatory measures in June. But they say the United States can avoid the EU's possible countermeasures if it pays more than two billion dollars in compensation to the EU for imposing the steel tariffs in the first place. The officials say Washington could alsoescape retaliation by lowering U.S. import duties on other EU products.The Bush administration says it will not pay compensation.SECTION D TALKGood morning. Today's lecture will focus on how to make people feel at ease in conversations. I guess all of you sitting here can recall certain people who just seem to make you feel comfortable when they are around. You spend an hour with them and feel as if you've known them half your life. These people who have that certain something that makes us feel comfortable have something in common, and once we know what that is, we can go about getting some of that something for ourselves. How is it done? Here are some of the skills that good talkers have. If you follow the skills, they will help you put people at their ease, make them feel secure, and comfortable, and turn acquaintances into friends.First of all, good talkers ask questions. Almost anyone, no matter how shy, will answer a question. In fact, according to my observation, very shy persons are often more willing to answer questions than extroverts. They are more concerned that someone will think them impolite if they don't respond to the questions. So most skillful conversationalists recommend starting with a question that is personal, but not harmful. For example, once a famous American TV presenter got a long and fascinating interview from a notoriously private billionaire by asking him about his first job. Another example, one prominent woman executive confesses that at business lunches, "I always ask people what they did that morning. It's a dull question, but it gets things going." From there, you can move on to othermatters, sometimes to really personal questions. Moreover, how your responder answers will let you know how far you can go. A few simple catchwords like "Really?" "Yes?" are clear invitations to continue talking.Second, once good talkers have asked questions, they listen for answers. This point seems obvious, but it isn't in fact. Making people feel comfortable isn't simply a matter of making idle conversation. Your questions have a point. You're really asking, "What sort of person are you?" and to find out, you have to really listen. There are at least three components of real listening. For one thing, real listening means not changing the subject. If someone sticks to one topic, you can assume that he or she is really interested in it. Another component of real listening is listening not just to words but to tones of voice. I once mentioned D.H. Lawrence to a friend. To my astonishment, she launched into an academic discussion of the imagery in Lawrence's works. Midway through, I listened to her voice. It was, to put it mildly, unanimated, and it seemed obvious that the imagery monologue was intended solely for my benefit, and I quickly changed the subject. At last, real listening means using your eyes as well as your ears. When your gaze wanders, it makes people think they're boring your, or what they are saying is not interesting. Of course, you don't have to stare, or glare at them. Simply looking attentive will make most people think that you think they're fascinating.Next, good talkers are not afraid to laugh. If you think of all the people you know who make you feel comfortable, you may notice that all of them laugh a lot. Laughter is not only warming and friendly, it's also a good way to ease other people's discomfort. I have a friend who might enjoy watching at gathering of other people who do not know eachother well. The first few minutes of talk are a bit uneasy and hesitant, for the people involved do not yet have a sense of each other. Invariably, a light comment or joke is made, and my friend's easy laughter appears like sunshine in the conversation. There is always then a visible softening that takes place. Other people smile, and loosen in response to her laughter, and the conversation goes on with more warmth and ease.Finally, good talkers are onces who cement a parting. That is, they know how to make use of parting as a way to leave a deep impression on others. Last impressions are just as important as first impressions in determining how a new acquaintance will remember you. People who make others really feel comfortable take advantage of that parting moment to close the deal. Men have had it easier. They have done it with a smile, and a good firm handshake. What about women then? Over the last several years, women have started to take over that custom well between themselves or with men. If you're saying goodbye, you might want to give him or her a second extra hand squeeze. It's a way to say, I really enjoyed meeting you. But it's not all done with body language. If you've enjoyed being with someone, if you want to see that person again, don't keep it a secret. Let people know how you feel, and they may walk away feeling as if they've known you half their life.Okay, just to sum up. Today, we've talked about four ways to make people feel at ease in conversations. These skills are important in keeping conversations going, and in forming friendships later on. Of course, these skills are by no means the only ones we can use. the list is much longer. I hope you will use these four skills, and discover more on your own in your conversations with other people.Now you have two minutes to check your notes, and then please complete the 15 minute gap filling task on Answer Sheet One.This is the end of listening comprehension.试题Part ⅠListening Comprehension (40 min)In Sections A,B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your colored answer sheet.SECTION A TALKQuestions 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section. At the end of the talk you will be given 75 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the talk.1. The parallel between waltzing and language use lies in ____.A. the coordination based on individual actionsB. the number of individual participantsC. the necessity of individual actionsD. the requirements for participants2. In the talk the speaker thinks that language use is a(n) ____ process.A. individualB. combinedC. distinctD. social3. The main difference between personal and non-personal settings is in ____.A. the manner of language useB. the topic and content of speechC. the interactions between speaker and audienceD. the relationship between speaker and audience4. In fictional settings, speakers ____.A. hide their real intentionsB. voice others' intentionsC. play double roles on and off stageD. only imitate other people in life5. Compared with other types of settings, the main feature of private setting is ____.A. the absence of spontaneityB. the presence of individual actionsC. the lack of real intentionsD. the absence of audienceSECTION B INTERVIEWQuestions 6 to 10 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 75 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the interview.6. What was education like in Professor Wang's days?A. Students worked very hard.B. Students felt they needed a second degree.C. Education was not career－oriented.D. There were many specialized subjects.7. According to Professor Wang, what is the purpose of the present －day education?A. To turn out an adequate number of elite for the society.B. To prepare students for their future career.C. To offer practical and utilitarian courses in each programme.D. To set up as many technical institutions as possible.8. In Professor Wang's opinion, technical skills ____.A. require good educationB. are secondary to educationC. don't call for good educationD. don't conflict with education9. What does Professor Wang suggest to cope with the situation caused by increasing numbers of fee-paying studentsA. Shifting from one programme to another.B. Working out ways to reduce student number.C. Emphasizing better quality of education.D. Setting up stricter examination standards.10. Future education needs to produce graduates of all the following categories EXCEPT ____.A. those who can adapt to different professionsB. those who have a high flexibility of mindC. those who are thinkers, historians and philosophersD. those who possess only highly specialized skillsSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 45 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.11. Which of the following regions in the world will witness the sharpest drop in life expectancy?A. Latin America.B. Sub Saharan Africa.C. Asia.D. The Caribbean.12. According to the news, which country will experience small life expectancy drop?A. Burma.B. Botswana.C. Cambodia.D. Thailand.13. The countries that are predicted to experience negative population growth are mainly in ____ .A. Asia.B. Africa.C. Latin America.D. The Caribbean.Questions 14 and 15 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.14. The trade dispute between the European Union and the US was caused by ____. refusal to accept arbitration by WTO imposing tariffs on European steel refusal to pay compensation to EU refusal to lower import duties on EU products15. Who will be consulted first before the EU list is submitted to WTO?A. EU member states.B. The United States.C. WTO.D. The steel corporations.SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLINGIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the lecture, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a 15-minutegap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini-lecture. Use the blank paper for note-taking. Fill in each of the gaps with one word. You may refer to your notes. Make sure the word you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable.Conversation SkillsPeople who usually make us feel comfortable in conversations are good talkers. And they have something in common, i.e. skills to put people at ease.1. Skill to ask question1) be aware of the human nature: readiness to answer other's questions regardless of (1)____2) start a conversation with some personal but unharmful questions about one's (2)____ job.questions about one's activities in the (3)____3) be able to spot signals for further talk2. Skill to (4)____for answers1) don't shift from subject to subject-sticking to the same subject: signs of (5)____in conversation.2) listen to (6)____of voice - If people sound unenthusiastic, then change subject.3) use eyes and ears - steady your gaze while listening3. Skill to laughEffects of laughter:- ease people's (7)____- help start (8)____4. Skill to part1) importance: open up possibilities for future friendship or contact2) ways:- men: a smile, a (9)____- women: same as (10)____ now- how to express pleasure in meeting someone.(1) ______ (2) ______ (3) ______ (4) ______ ( 5 ) ______(6) ______ (7) ______ (8) ______ (9) ______ (10) ______PART II PROOFREADING AND ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)The following passage contains TEN errors. Each line contains a maximum of one error and three are free from error. In each case, only one word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way.For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross out the unnecessary word with a slash “／” and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.If the line is correct, place a V in the blank provided at the end of the lineExampleWhen ^ art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) anIt never buys things in finished form and bangs (2) never them on the wall. When a natural history museum (3) vwants an exhibition, it must often build it. (4) exhibit Proofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET TWO as instructed.One of the most important non-legislative functions of the U.S Congressis the power to investigate. This power is usually delegated tocommittees - eitherstanding committees, special committees set for aspecific (1)____purpose, or joint committees consisted of members of both houses. (2)____Investigations are held to gather information on the need forfuture legislation, to test the effectiveness of laws already passed, to inquire into the qualifications and performance of members and officials of the other branches, and in rare occasions, to laythe (3)____groundwork for impeachment proceedings. Frequently, committees rely outside experts to assist in conducting investigativehearings (4)____and to make out detailed studies ofissues. (5)____There are important corollaries to the investigative power. Oneis the power to publicize investigations and its results.Most (6)____committee hearings are open to public and arereported (7)____widely in the mass media. Congressional investigations nevertheless represent one important tool available tolawmakers (8)____to inform the citizenry and to arouse public interests in national issues. (9)____Congressional committees also have the power to compel testimony from unwilling witnesses, and to cite for contemptof Congress witnesses who refuse to testify and for perjurythese who give false testimony. (10)____Part ⅢReading Comprehension (30 min)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your colored answer sheet.TEXT AFarmers in the developing world hate price fluctuations. It makes it hard to plan ahead. But most of them have little choice: they sell at the price the market sets. Farmers in Europe, the U.S. and Japan are luckier: they receive massive government subsidies in the form of guaranteed prices or direct handouts. Last month U.S. President Bush signed a new farm bill that gives American farmers $190 billion over the next 10 years, or $83 billion more than they had been scheduled to get, and pushes U.S. agricultural support close to crazy European levels. Bush said the step was necessary to "promote farmer independence and preserve the farm way of life for generations". It is also designed to help the Republican Party win control of the Senate in November's mid term elections.Agricultural production in most poor countries accounts for up to 50% of GDP, compared to only 3% in rich countries. But most farmers in poor countries grow just enough for themselves and their families. Those who try exporting to the West find their goods whacked with huge tariffs or competing against cheaper subsidized goods. In 1999 the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development concluded that for each dollar developing countries receive in aid they lose up to $14 just because of trade barriers imposed on the export of their manufactured goods. It's not as if the developing world wants any。
英语专业历年专八翻译真题及答案
英语专业历年专八翻译真题及答案1997年:English to ChineseOpera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive thingsare inevitably the province(范围) of the richunless we abdicate(退位、放弃) society’s power of choice. We can choose to make opera and other expensive forms of culture, accessible(易接近的，可达到的) to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is:why should we? No body denies the imperatives(必要的)of food,shelter, defence, health and education. But evenin a prehistoric cave, man-kind stretched out a hand of not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulse(冲动) towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation(表述、陈述)is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has foundfulfillment(完成、成就) in the masterpieces of ourmusic, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones(标准、试金石) for all our efforts; theyare the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire(立志、追求目标、渴望); they carry the most profound (深厚的、深刻的)messages thatcan be sent from one human to another.【参考答案】欣赏歌剧是一种奢侈:你必须为此支付昂贵的票价。
专八历年英译汉真题
2009-01-06 | 专业八级历年英译汉真题解析（1996-2000）1996年专八英译汉试题原文Four months before Election Day 1, five men gathered in a small conference room at the Reagan-Bush headquarters 2 and reviewed an oversize calendar that marked the remaining days of the 1984 presidential campaign. It was the last Saturday in June and at ten o'clock in the morning the rest of the office was practically deserted 3. Even so, the men kept the door slut and the drapes carefully drawn. The three principals and their two deputies had come from around the country for a critical meeting 4. Their aim was to devise a strategy 5 that would guarantee Ronald Reagan's resounding reelection to a second term in the White House.It should have been easy. They were battle-tested veterans 6 with long ties to Reagan and even longer ties to the Republican Party, men who understood presidential politics 7 as well as any in the country. The backdrop 8 of the campaign was hospitable, with lots of good news to work with: America was at peace, and the nation's economy, a key factor in any election, was rebounding vigorously after recession. Furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly financed 9 , with plenty of money for a top-flight staff 10 , travel, and television commercials. And, most important, their candidate was Ronald Reagan, a president of tremendous personal popularity and dazzling communication skills 11. Reagan has succeeded more than any president since John F. Kennedy in projecting a broad vision of America — a nation of renewed military strength, individual initiative, and smaller federal government 12.【概述】本文是一篇典型的关于美国政治的时事杂文，用词色彩强烈，修饰语具有极端性和渲染性的特点。
英语专业八级翻译真题(1998年
TEM-8 翻译部分英语专业八级翻译真题（1998年——2007年）第一部分汉译英Passage 1.( 1998年)1997年2月24日我们代表下榻日月潭中信大饭店，送走了最后一批客人，已是次日凌晨3点了。
我躺在床上久久不能入睡，披衣走到窗前，往外看去，只见四周群峦叠翠，湖面波光粼粼。
望着台湾这仅有的景色如画的天然湖泊，我想了许多，许多……这次到台湾访问交流，虽然行程匆匆，但是，看了不少地方，访了旧友，交了新知，大家走到一起，谈论的一个重要话题就是中华民族在21世纪的强盛。
虽然祖国大陆、台湾的青年生活在不同的社会环境中，有着各自不同的生活经历，但大家的内心都深国统一大业的早日完成。
世纪之交的宝贵机遇和巨大挑战把青年推到了历史的前台。
跨世纪青年一代应该用什么样的姿态迎接充满希望的新世纪，这是我们必须回答的问题。
日月潭水波不兴，仿佛与我一同在思索……Passage 2.( 1999年)加拿大的温哥华1986年刚刚度过百岁生日，但城市的发展令世界瞩目。
以港立市，以港兴市，是许多港口城市生存发展的道路。
经过百年开发建设，有着天然不冻良港的温哥华，成为举世闻名的港口城市，同亚洲、大洋洲、欧洲、拉丁美洲均有定期班轮，年货物吞吐量达到8，000万吨，全市就业人口中有三分之一从事贸易与运输行业。
温哥华（Vancouver）的辉煌是温哥华人智慧和勤奋的结晶，其中包括多民族的贡献。
加拿大地广人稀，国土面积比中国还大，人口却不足3000万。
吸收外来移民，是加拿大长期奉行的国策。
可以说，加拿大除了印第安人外，无一不是外来移民，不同的只是时间长短而已。
温哥华则更是世界上屈指可数的多民族城市。
现今180万温哥华居民中，有一半不是在本地出生的，每4个居民中就有一个是亚洲人。
而25万华人对温哥华的经济转型起着决定性的作用。
他们其中有一半是近5年才来到温哥华地区的，使温哥华成为亚洲以外最大的中国人聚居地。
Passage 3.( 2000年)中国科技馆的诞生来之不易。
英语专业八级翻译试题真题及答案
英语专业八级翻译试题真题英语专业八级翻译练习题1．英译汉（1）Possession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighborhood would have been Thoreau's idea of the low levels. The active discipline of heightening one's perception of what is enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high. What he saved from the low was time and effort he could spend on the high. Thoreau certainly disapproved of starvation, but he would put into feeding himself only as much effort as would keep him functioning for more important efforts.梭罗所理解的"低层次"，即为了拥有而去拥有，或与所有的邻居明争暗斗而致拥有。
他心目中的"高层次"，则是这样一种积极的人生戒律，即要使自己对自然界永恒之物的感悟臻于完美。
对于他从低层次上节省下来的时间和精力，他可将其致力于对高层次的追求。
勿庸置疑，梭罗不赞成忍饥挨饿，但他在膳食方面所投入的精力仅果腹而已，只要可确保他能去从事更为重要的事务，他便别无所求。
Effort is the gist of it. There is no happiness except as we take on life-engaging difficulties. Short of the impossible, as Yeats put it, the satisfaction we get from a lifetime depends on how high we choose our difficulties. Robert Frost was thinking in something like the same terms when he spoke of "The pleasure of taking pains". The mortal flaw in the advertised version of happiness is in the fact that it purports to be effortless.殚精竭虑，全力以赴，便是其精髓所在。
2004年英语专业八级考试翻译试卷及参考译文
2004年英语专业八级考试翻译试卷及参考译文Part ⅣTranslation (60 min)SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISHTranslate the underlined part of the following text into English. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.在人际关系问题上我们不要太浪漫主义。
人是很有趣的，往往在接触一个人时首先看到的都是他或她的优点。
这一点颇像是在餐馆里用餐的经验。
开始吃头盘或冷碟的时候，印象很好。
吃头两个主菜时，也是赞不绝口。
愈吃愈趋于冷静，吃完了这顿宴席，缺点就都找出来了。
于是转喜为怒，转赞美为责备挑剔，转首肯为摇头。
这是因为，第一，开始吃的时候你正处于饥饿状态，而饿了吃糠甜如蜜，饱了吃蜜也不甜。
第二，你初到一个餐馆，开始举筷时有新鲜感，新盖的茅房三天香，这也可以叫做“陌生化效应”吧。
Version 1：We should not be too romantic in interpersonal relations. Human beings are very interesting. Often when you meet a person for the first time, you only notice his or her merits first. This is quite like your dining experience in a restaurant. When you are having the first course / starter or the cold dishes you are full of praise. The more courses you have, the calmer you will become. When the feast/dinner is over, you will have found all its demerits/ defects. Then, delight turns into anger, praise into complaint, and a nodding head into a shaking one. This is because: first, when you begin to eat you are hungry, and when you are hungry even husk/chaff tastes sweeter than honey; whereas when you are full, even honey does not taste sweet at all. Second, when you arrive at the restaurant, and when you pick up the chopsticks, everything there is new to you. A newly built latrine smells fragrant for the first three days. This may be called the defamiliarization effect.Version 2：It is advisable not to be too romantic on interpersonal matters. Humans are peculiarly interesting so that in their contact with a person, they tend to notice noting but his or her merits. This is rather analogous to our experience of dining in a restaurant. At the beginning, when we take the starter or cold dishes, we are very much impressed. For the first two main courses, we are also profuse in praise. However, we calm down as we eat on. After we finish the feast, all sorts of faults are found. Then we are no longer pleased but angry; no longer complimentary but complaining and fastidious; no longer nod our satisfaction but keep shaking our heads. All this happens because, first, we were in a state of hunger at the time we began to eat. When hungry, one may feel even the taste of chaff especially delicious, but may not feel the sweetness of honey after eating his or her fill.Version 3：We should not be too romantic in terms of interpersonal relations. We are such interesting beings that when we meet someone for the first time we notice only his/her merits. This is quite like having dinner in a restaurant. Usually the first course or the cold dishes leave us a good impression. And we also praise the first two main courses. The more we have, the calmer webecome. By the end of the feast/dinner, all the demerits/shortcomings of the dishes are found out. And delight turns into anger, praise into complaint, and approval into disapproval. The reasons for the change are: first, when we begin to eat, even husk/chaff seems sweeter than honey as we are hungry; whereas when we are full, honey does not taste sweet at all. Second, when we begin to eat upon arrival, everything in the restaurant appears new, even a new latrine smells fragrant. The defamiliarization effect, isn’t it?Hunger is the best sauce.SECTION B ENGLISH TO CHINESETranslate the underlined part of the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET THREE.For me the most interesting thing about a solitary life, and mine has been that for the last twenty years, is that it becomes increasingly rewarding. When I can wake up and watch the sun rise over the ocean, as I do most days, and know that I have an entire day ahead, uninterrupted, in which to write a few pages, take a walk with my dog, read and listen to music, I am flooded with happiness.I’m lonely only when I am overtired, when I have worked too long without a bre ak, when for the time being I feel empty and need filling up. And I am lonely sometimes when I come back home after a lecture trip, when I have seen a lot of people and talked a lot, and am full to the brim with experience that needs to be sorted out.Then for a little while the house feels huge and empty, and I wonder where my self is hiding. It has to be recaptured slowly by watering the plants and perhaps, by looking again at each one as though it were a person.It takes a while, as I watch the surf blowing up in fountains, but the moment comes when the world falls away, and the self emerges again from the deep unconscious, bringing back all I have recently experienced to be explored and slowly understood.我在过去的二十年间一直单独生活。
英语专业八级考试翻译部分历届试题及参考答案
英语专业八级考试翻译部分历届试题及参考答案说明：本处提供的参考答案完全是为了教学、教育目的而制作，参考答案分别源自福州大学外国语学院英语系翻译课程小组及邹申主编的《新编高等院校英语专业八级考试指南》［2001，上海：上海外语教育出版社］（转引自松园英文书院和《中国翻译》等，供同学们学习、比较。
1995年英语专业八级考试--翻译部分参考译文C-E原文：简.奥斯丁的小说都是三五户人家居家度日，婚恋嫁娶的小事。
因此不少中国读者不理解她何以在西方享有那么高的声誉。
但一部小说开掘得深不深，艺术和思想是否有过人之处，的确不在题材大小。
有人把奥斯丁的作品比作越咀嚼越有味道的橄榄。
这不仅因为她的语言精彩，并曾对小说艺术的发展有创造性的贡献，也因为她的轻快活泼的叙述实际上并不那么浅白，那么透明。
史密斯夫人说过，女作家常常试图修正现存的价值秩序，改变人们对“重要”和“不重要”的看法。
也许奥斯丁的小说能教我们学会转换眼光和角度，明察到“小事”的叙述所涉及的那些不小的问题。
参考译文：However, subject matter is indeed not the decisive factor by which we judge a novel of its depth as well as (of ) its artistic appeal and ideological content (or: as to whether a novel digs deep or not or whether it excels in artistic appeal and ideological content). Some people compare Austen’s works to olives: the more you chew them, the more tasty (the tastier) they become. This comparison is based not only on (This is not only because of ) her expressive language and her creative contribution to the development of novel writing as an art, but also on (because of ) the fact that what hides behind her light and lively narrative is something implicit and opaque (not so explicit and transparent). Mrs. Smith once observed, women writers often sought (made attempts) to rectify the existing value concepts (orders) by changing people’s opinions on what is “important”and what is not.E-C原文I, by comparison, living in my overpriced city apartment, walking to work past putrid sacks of street garbage, paying usurious taxes to local and state governments I generally abhor, I am rated middle class. This causes me to wonder, do the measurement make sense? Are we measuring only that which is easily measured--- the numbers on the money chart --- and ignoring values more central to the good life?For my sons there is of course the rural bounty of fresh-grown vegetables, line-caught fish and the shared riches of neighbours’orchards and gardens. There is the unpaid baby-sitter for whose children my daughter-in-law baby-sits in return, and neighbours who barter their skills and labour. But more than that, how do you measure serenity? Sense if self?I don’t want to idealize life in small places. There are times when the outside world intrudes brutally, as when the cost of gasoline goes up or developers cast their eyes on untouched farmland. There are cruelties, there is intolerance, there are all the many vices and meannesses in small places that exist in large cities. Furthermore, it is harder to ignore them when they cannot be banished psychologically to another part of town or excused as the whims of alien groups --- when they have to be acknowledged as “part of us.”Nor do I want to belittle the opportunities for smalldecencies in cities --- the eruptions of one-stranger-to-another caring that always surprise and delight. But these are,sadly,more exceptions than rules and are often overwhelmed by the awful corruptions and dangers that surround us.参考译文：对我的几个儿子来说，乡村当然有充足的新鲜蔬菜，垂钓来的鱼，邻里菜园和果园里可供分享的丰盛瓜果。
2004年英语专业八级考试试题原题及答案解析
Part ⅠListening Comprehension (40 min)In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.SECTION A TALKQuestions 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section. At the end of the talk you will be given 75 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the talk.1.A)the coordination based on individual actionsB) the number of individual participantsC) the necessity of individual actionsD) the requirements for participants2.A) individual B) combined C) distinct D) social3.A) the manner of language useB) the topic and content of speechC) the interactions between speaker and audienceD) the relationship between speaker and audience4.A) hide their real intentionsB) voice others' intentionsC) play double roles on and off stageD) only imitate other people in lifeA) the absence of spontaneityB) the presence of individual actionsC) the lack of real intentionsD) the absence of audienceSECTION B INTERVIEWQuestions 6 to 10 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 75 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the interview.6.A) Students worked very hard.B) Students felt they needed a second degree.C) Education was not career oriented.D) There were many specialized subjects.7.A) To turn out an adequate number of elite for the society.B) To prepare students for their future career.C) To offer practical and utilitarian courses in each programme.D) To set up as many technical institutions as possible.8.A) require good educationB) are secondary to educationC) don't call for good educationD) don't conflict with educationA) Shifting from one programme to another.B) Working out ways to reduce student number.C) Emphasizing better quality of education.D) Setting up stricter examination standards.10.A) those who can adapt to different professionsB) those who have a high flexibility of mindC) those who are thinkers, historians and philosophersD) those who possess only highly specialized skillsSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 45 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.11. Which of the following regions in the world will witness the sharpestdrop in life expectancy?A) Latin America.B) Sub Saharan Africa.C) Asia.D) The Caribbean.12. According to the news, which country will experience small life expectancy drop?A) Burma.B) Botswana.C) Cambodia.D) Thailand.13. The countries that are predicted to experience negative population growth are mainly in ____A) Asia.B) Africa.C) Latin America.D) The Caribbean.14. The trade dispute between the European Union and the US was caused by ____.A) US refusal to accept arbitration by WTOB) US imposing tariffs on European steelC) US refusal to pay compensation to EUD) US refusal to lower import duties on EU products15. Who will be consulted first before the EU list is submitted to WTO?A) EU member states.B) The United States.C) WTO.D) The steel corporations.SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLINGIn this section you will hear a mini lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the lecture, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a 15 minute gap filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini lecture. Use the blank sheet for note taking.Part ⅡProofreading and Error Correction (15 min)The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a "∧" sign and write the wordFor an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash "/"and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.ExampleWhen ∧art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) anit never buys things in finished form and hangs (2) neverthem on the wall. When a natural history museumwants an [ZZ(Z]exhibition[ZZ)], it must often build it. (3)exhibitProofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET TWO as instructed.One of the most important non-legislative functions of the U.S Congressis the power to investigate. This power is usually delegated to committees - eitherstanding committees, special committees set for a specific (1)____purpose, or joint committees consisted of members of both houses. (2)____Investigations are held to gather information on the need forfuture legislation, to test the effectiveness of laws already passed,to inquire into the qualifications and performance of members andofficials of the other branches, and in rare occasions, to lay the (3)____groundwork for impeachment proceedings. Frequently, committeesrely outside experts to assist in conducting investigative hearings (4)____and to make out detailed studies of issues. (5)____There are important corollaries to the investigative power. Oneis the power to publicize investigations and its results. Most (6)____committee hearings are open to public and are reported (7)____widely in the mass media. Congressional investigationsnevertheless represent one important tool available to lawmakers (8)____to inform the citizenry and to arouse public interests in national issues.(9)____Congressional committees also have the power to compeltestimony from unwilling witnesses, and to cite for contemptof Congress witnesses who refuse to testify and for perjurythese who give false testimony. (10)____Part ⅢReading Comprehension (30 min) (开始Part ⅢReading Comprehension (30 min)计时)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.TEXT AFarmers in the developing world hate price fluctuations. It makes it hard to plan ahead. But most of them have little choice: they sell at the price the market sets. Farmers in Europe, the U.S. and Japan are luckier: they receive massive government subsidies in the form of guaranteed prices or direct handouts. Last month U.S. President Bush signed a new farm bill that gives American farmers $190 billion over the next 10 years, or $83 billion more than they had been scheduled to get, and pushes U.S. agricultural support close to crazy European levels. Bush said the step was necessary to "promote farmer independence and preserve the farm way of life for generations". It is also designed to help the Republican Party win control of the Senate in November's mid-term elections.Agricultural production in most poor countries accounts for up to 50% of GDP, compared to only 3% in rich countries. But most farmers in poor countries grow just enough for themselves and their families. Those who try exporting to the West find their goods whacked with huge tariffs or competing against cheaper subsidized goods. In 1999 the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development concluded that for each dollar developing countries receive in aid they lose up to $14 just because of trade barriers imposed on the export of their manufactured goods. It's not as if the developing world wants any favours, says Gerald Ssendwula, Uganda's Minister of Finance. "What we want is for the rich countries to let us compete."Agriculture is one of the few areas in which the Third World can compete. Land and labour are cheap, and as farming methods develop, new technologies should improve output. This isno-pie-in-the-sky speculation. The biggest success in Kenya's economy over the past decade has been the boom in exports of cut flowers and vegetables to Europe. But that may all change in 2008, when Kenya will be slightly too rich to qualify for the "least developed country" status that allows African producers to avoid paying stiff European import duties on selected agricultural products. With trade barriers in place, the horticulture industry in Kenya will shrivel as quickly as a discarded rose. And while agriculture exports remain the great hope for poor countries, reducing trade barriers in other sectors also works: Americas African Growth and Opportunity Act, which cuts duties on exports of everything from handicrafts to shoes, has proved a boon to Africa's manufacturers. The lesson: the Third World can prosper if the rich world gives it a fair go.This is what makes Bush's decision to increase farm subsidies last month all themore depressing. Poor countries have long suspected that the rich world urges rade liberalization only so it can wangle its way into new markets. Such suspicions caused the Seattle trade talks to break down three years ago. But last November members of the World Trade Organization, meeting in Doha, Qatar, finally agreed to a new round of talks designed to open up global trade in agriculture andtextiles. Rich countries assured poor countries, that their concerns were finally being addressed. Bush's handout last month makes a lie of America's commitment to those talks and his personal devotion to free trade.16. By comparison, farmers ____ receive more government subsidies than others.A) in the developing worldB) in JapanC) in EuropeD) in America17. In addition to the economic considerations, there is a ____ motive behind Bush's signing of the new farm bill.A) partisanB) socialC) financialD) cultural18. The message the writer attempts to convey throughout the passage is that ____.A) poor countries should be given equal opportunities in tradeB) "the least developed country" status benefits agricultural countriesC) poor countries should remove their suspicions about trade liberalizationD) farmers in poor countries should also receive the benefit of subsidies19. The writer's attitude towards new farm subsidies in the U.S. is ____.A) favourableB) ambiguousC) criticalD) reservedTEXT BOscar Wilde said that work is the refuge of people who have nothing better to do. If so, Americans are now among the world's saddest refugees. Factory workers in the United States are working longer hours than at any time in the past half century. America once led the rich world in cutting the average working week-from 70 hours in 1850 to less than 40 hours by the 1950s. It seemed natural that as people grew richer they would trade extra earnings for more leisure. Since the 1970s, however, the hours clocked up by American workers have risen, to an average of 42 this year in manufacturing.ng similar is happening outside manufacturing: Americans are spending more time at work than they did 20 years ago. Executives and lawyers boast of 80 hour weeks. On holiday, they seek out fax machines and phones as eagerly as Germans bag the best sun loungers. Yet working time in Europe and Japan continues to fall. In Germany's engineering industry the working week is to be trimmed from 36 to 35 hours next year. Most Germans get six weeks' paid annual holiday; even the Japanese now take three weeks. Americans still make do with just two.to work is damaging its competitiveness. Yet German workers, like the Japanese, seem to be acting sensibly: as their incomes rise, they can achieve a better standard of living with fewer hours of work. The puzzle is why America, the world's richest country, sees things differently. It is a puzzle with sinistersocial implications. Parents spend less time with their children, who may be left alone at home for longer. Is it just a coincidence that juvenile crime is on the rise?weak trade unions that leave workers open to exploitation. Are workers being forced by cost cutting firms to toil harder just to keep their jobs? A recent study by two American economists, Richard Freeman and Linda Bell, suggests not: when asked, Americans actually want to work longer hours. Most German workers, in contrast, would rather work less.en, why do Americans want to work harder? One reason may be that the real earnings of many Americans have been stagnant or falling during the past two decades. People work longer merely to maintain their living standards. Yet many higher skilled workers, who have enjoyed big increases in their real pay, have been working harder too. Also, one reason for the slow growth of wages has been the rapid growth in employment-which is more or less where the argument began.may have something to do with it. People who work an extra hour in America are allowed to keep more of their money than those who do the same in Germany. Falls in marginal tax rates in America since the 1970s have made it all the more profitable to work longer.explains why the century long decline in working hours has gone into reverse in America but not elsewhere (though Britain shows signs of following America's lead). Perhaps cultural differences-the last refuge of the defeated economist-are at play. Economists used to believe that once workers earned enough to provide for their basic needs and allow for a few luxuries, their incentive to work would be eroded, like lions relaxing after a kill. But humans are more susceptible to advertising than lions. Perhaps clever marketing has ensured that "basic needs"-for a shower with built in TV, for a rocket propelled car-expand continuously. Shopping is already one of America's most popular pastimes. But it requires money-hence more work and less leisure.is: the television is not very good, and baseball and hockey keep being wiped out20. In the United States, working longer hours is ____.A) confined to the manufacturing industryB) a traditional practice in some sectorsC) prevalent in all sectors of societyD) favoured by the economists21. According to the third paragraph, which might be one of the consequences of workinglonger hours?A) Rise in employees' working efficiency.B) Rise in the number of young offenders.C) Rise in people's living standards.D) Rise in competitiveness.22. Which of the following is the cause of working longer hours stated bythe writer?A) Expansion of basic needs.B) Cultural differences.C) Increase in real earnings.D) Advertising.TEXT CThe fox really exasperated them both. As soon as they had let the fowls out, inthe early summer mornings, they had to take their guns and keep guard; and thenagain as soon as evening began to mellow, they must go once more. And he was so sly. He slid along in the deep grass; he was difficult as a serpent to see. And he seemed to circumvent the girls deliberately. Once or twice March had caught sight of the white tip of his brush, or the ruddy shadow of him in the deep grass, and she had let fire at him. But he made no account of this.-for it was the end of August. Beyond, the naked, copper like shafts and limbs of the pine trees shone in the air. Nearer the rough grass, with its long, brownish stalks all agleam, was full of light. The fowls were round about-the ducks were still swimming on the pond under the pine trees. March looked at it all, saw it all, and did not see it. She heard Banford speaking to the fowls in the distance-and she did not hear. What was she thinking about? Heaven knows. Her consciousness was, as it were, held back.her eyes, and suddenly saw the fox. He was looking up at her. His chin was pressed down, and his eyes were looking up. They met her eyes. And he knew her. She was spellbound-she knew he knew her. So he looked into her eyes, and her soul failed her. He knew her, he has not daunted.uggled, confusedly she came to herself, and saw him making off, with slow leaps over some fallen boughs, slow, impudent jumps. Then he glanced over his shoulder, and ran smoothly away. She saw his brush held smooth like a feather, she saw his white buttocks twinkle. And he was gone, softly, soft as the wind.to pretend to fire. So she began to walk slowly after him, in the direction he had gone, slowly, pertinaciously. She expected to find him. In her heart she was determined to find him. What she would do when she saw him again she did not consider. But she was determined to find him. So she walked abstractedly about on the edge of the wood, with wide, vivid dark eyes, and a faint flush in her cheeks. She did not think. In strange mindlessness she walked hither and thither……She took her gun again and went to look for the fox. For he had lifted his eyesupon her, and his knowing look seemed to have entered her brain. She did not somuch think of him: she waspossessed by him. She saw his dark, shrewd, unabashedeye looking into her, knowing her. She felt him invisibly master her spirit. She knew the way he lowered his chin as he looked up, she knew his muzzle, the golden brown, and the greyish white. And again she saw him glance over his shoulder at her, half inviting, half contemptuous and cunning. So she went, with her great startled eyes glowing, her gun under her arm, along the wood edge. Meanwhilethe night fell, and a great moon rose above the pine trees.23. At the beginning of the story, the fox seems to the all EXCEPT ____.A) cunningB) fierceC) defiantD) annoying24. As the story proceeds, March begins to feel under the spell of ____.A) the lightB) the treesC) the nightD) the fox25. Gradually March seems to be in a state of ____.A) blanknessB) imaginationC) sadnessD) excitement26. At the end of the story, there seems to be a sense of ____ between March and the fox.A) detachmentB) angerC) intimacyD) conflict27. The passage creates an overall impression of ____.A) mysteryB) horrorC) livelinessD) contemptTEXT DThe banners are packed, the tickets booked. The glitter and white overalls have been bought, the gas masks just fit and the mobile phones are ready. All that remains is to get to the parties.e a feast of pan European protests. It started on Bastille Day, last Saturday, with the French unions and immigrants on the streets and the first demonstrations in Britain and Germany about climate change. It will continue tomorrow and Thursday with environmental and peace rallies against President Bush. But the big one is in Genoa, on Friday and Saturday, where the G8 leaders will meet behind the lines of 18, 000 heavily armed police.urope's Seattle, the coming together of the disparate strands of resistance to corporate globalisation.predictable. Yes, there will be violence and yes, the mass media will focus on it. What should seriously concern the G8 is not so much the violence, the numbers in the streets or even that they themselves look like idiots hiding behind the barricades, but that the deep roots of a genuine new version of internationalism are growing. a generation, the international political and economic condition is in the dock. Moreover, the protesters are unlikely to go away, their confidence is growing rather than waning, their agendas are merging, the protests are spreading and drawing in all ages and concerns.global protest "movement" is developing its own language, texts, agendas, myths, heroes and villains. Just as the G8 leaders, world bodies and businesses talk increasingly from the same script, so the protesters' once disparatepolitical and social analyses are converging. The long term project of governments and world bodies to globalise capital and development is being mirrored by the globalisation of protest.However well they are policed, major protests reinforce the impression of indifferent elites, repression of debate, overreaction to dissent, injustice and unaccountable power.-apart from actually embracing the broad agenda being put to them-are to retreat behind even higher barricades, repress dissent further, abandon global meetings altogether or, more likely, meet only in places able to physically resist the masses.28. According to the context, the word "parties" at the end of the first paragraph refers to____.A) the meeting of the G8 leadersB) the protests on Bastille DayC) the coming pan European protestsD) the big protest to be held in Genoa29. According to the passage, economic globalisation is paralleled by ____.A) the emerging differences in the global protest movementB) the disappearing differences in the global protest movementC) the growing European concern about globalisationD) the increase in the number of protesters30. According to the last paragraph, what is Brussels considering doing?A) Meeting in places difficult to reach.B) Further repressing dissent.C) Accepting the protesters' agenda.D) Abandoning global meetings.(结束Part ⅢReading Comprehension (30 min)计时)SECTION B SKIMMING AND SCANNING (10 MIN) (开始SECTION B SKIMMING AND SCANNING (10 MIN)计时)In this section there are seven passages with ten multiple choice questions. Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.TEXT EFirst read the question. 31.The main purpose of the passage is to ____. A.demonstrate how to prevent crime B.show the seriousness of crimeC.look into the causes of crimeD.call for more government efforts. Now go through TEXT E quickly to answer question 31.ee weeks, every night at 11 p.m., correspondents, officers and judges from justice courts, police departments and prisons, psychiatrists, criminologists, victims and even criminals in prisons made their appearance on TV to debate on a topic "Crime in the United States".problem just next to the unemployment problem. Some figures are terrifying : 1 of 4 Americans has been a victim of some kind of crimes; nearly 22 million crime cases occurred last year throughout the country. A simple arithmetic calculation indicates that on average, a crime is being committed in every 2 seconds. Now the Americans are living in a horrible environment. Their safety and property are threatened by various crimes: robbery, theft, rape, kidnapping, murder, arson, vandalism and violence.rd of crime cases were committed by the juvenile and 53% of criminals in jails are youngsters below 25. A poll indicates that about 73% of citizens said they avoided teenagers in streets, especially at night.guns at home. But some gun owners turn out to be potential criminals. Some people demand that strict law for gun control be enforced; but others oppose the ban of gun. No decision is in sight.They cited figures to show that 47% of crime cases were committed by t he black, though they account for only about 12% of the population of the nation . Others argued that about 54% of convicted criminals came from families associated with these evils.state government and federal government spend billions of dollars each year in maintaining the police departments and jails. But police authorities complain that they have not sufficient well trained hands and advanced equipment to detect and stop crimes. Several cases of criminal insurgence were reported as a result of resentment at overcrowded prisons. Taxpayers complain that they pay more and more tax but receive less and less protection from crime for their lives and property.e live TV programme made great efforts to search for a solution, so far no participant could put forward a measure that was approved by most of the attendants.31. The main purpose of the passage is to ____.A) demonstrate how to prevent crimeB) show the seriousness of crimeC) look into the causes of crimeD) call for more government effortsTEXT FFirst read the question.32.What is the main topic of the following passage?A. Differences between modes of learning.B.Deficiencies of formal learning.C.Advantages of informal learning.D.Social context and learning systems.Now go through TEXT F quickly to answer question 32.The term "formal learning" is used in this paper to refer to all learning that takes place in the classroom, irrespective of whether such learning is informed by conservative or progressive ideologies. "Informal learning", on the other hand, is used to refer to learning which takes place outside the classroom.These definitions provide the essential, though by no means sole, difference between formal and informal learning. Formal learning is decontextualised from daily life and, indeed, as Scribner and Cole (1973:553) have observed, may actually "promote ways of learning and thinking which often run counter to those nurtured in practical daily life". A characteristic feature of formal learning is the centrality of activities that are not closely paralleled by activities outside the classroom. The classroom can prepare for, draw on, and imitate the challenges of adult life outside the classroom, but it cannot, by its nature, consist of these challenges.age plays a critical role as the major channel for information exchange. "Success" in the classroom requires a student to master this abstract code. As Bernstein (1969:152) noted, the language of the classroom is more similar to the language used by middle class families than that used by working class families. Middle class children thus find it easier to acquire the language of the classroom than their working class peers.ng learning immediately relevant. In this context, language does not occupy such an important role: the child's experience of learning is more holistic, involving sight, touch, taste, and smell-senses that are under utilised in the classroom.al learning is transmitted by teachers selected to perform this role, informal learning is acquired as a natural part of a child's development. Adults or older children who are proficient in the skill or activity provide - sometime s unintentionally - target models of behaviour in the course of everyday activity. Informal learning, therefore, can take place at any time and is not subject to the limitations imposed by institutional timetabling.provides another critical difference between the two modes of learning. The formal learner is generally motivated by some kind of external goal such as parental approval, social status, and potential financial reward. The informal learner, however, tends to be motivated by successful completion of the task itself and the partial acquisition of adult status.32. What is the main topic of the following passage?A) Differences between modes of learning.B) Deficiencies of formal learning.C) Advantages of informal learning.D) Social context and learning systems.TEXT G First read the question.33.The three approaches mentioned in the passage aim at ____.A. restructuring economyB.improving the tax systemC.improving the living conditionsD.reducing povertyNow go through TEXT G quickly to answer question 33.As a rule, it is essential that the poor's productive capabilities be mobilized and the conditions for developing these human resources be improved. In this connection, German development policy has developed the following three approaches:- Structural reform: Structural reform is the preferred approach for reducing poverty because it eliminates the causes of poverty rather than just its symptoms. It is vital that economic, political and social conditions which can alleviate poverty be established at national and international levels. Efforts at international level focus on fair conditions for international trade and competition. At national level, the poor must be helped through structural reform such as the introduction of democratic government, options for independent private enterprise, decentralization and agricultural reform. Development policy tools for realizing such reforms include political dialogue, political advisory services, structural adjustment measures and personnel and material support for reform efforts in the government, business and administrative sectors.- Direct measures: Projects of this category are aimed at directly helping the poor and improving their living conditions or increasing their job options and earning potential. Of special。
历年英语专业八级翻译
1997—2012英语专八真题翻译（汉翻英）1997C-E原文：来美国求学的中国学生与其他亚裔学生一样，大多非常刻苦勤奋，周末也往往会抽出一天甚至两天的时间去实验室加班，因而比起美国学生来，成果出得较多。
我的导师是亚裔人，嗜烟好酒，脾气暴躁。
但他十分欣赏亚裔学生勤奋与扎实的基础知识，也特别了解亚裔学生的心理。
因此，在他实验室所招的学生中，除有一名来自德国外，其余5位均是亚裔学生。
他干脆在实验室的门上贴一醒目招牌：“本室助研必须每周工作7天，早10时至晚12时，工作时间必须全力以赴。
”这位导师的严格及苛刻是全校有名的，在我所呆的3年半中，共有14位学生被招进他的实验室，最后博士毕业的只剩下5人。
1990年夏天，我不顾别人劝阻，硬着头皮接受了导师的资助，从此开始了艰难的求学旅程。
参考译文：Like students from other Asian countries and regions, most Chinese students who come to pursue their further education in the United States work on their studies most diligently and assiduously. Even on weekends, they would frequently spend one day, or even two days, to work overtime in their laboratories. Therefore, compared with their American counterparts, they are more academically fruitful. My supervisor is of Asian origin. He is addicted to alcohols and cigarettes, with a sharp/irritable temper. Nevertheless, he highly appreciates the industry and the solid foundational knowledge of Asian students and has a particularly keen insight into what Asian students have on their mind. Hence, of all the students recruited into his laboratory, except for one German, the other five were all from Asia. He even put an eye-catching notice on the door of his lab, which read, “All the research assistants of this laborat ory are required to work 7 days a week, from 10:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m.. Nothing but work during the working hours.” This supervisor is reputed on the entire campus for his severity and harshness. During the 3 and a half years that I stayed there, a total of 14 students were recruited into his laboratory and only 5 of them stayed until they graduated with their Ph.D. degrees. In the summer of 1990, ignoring the dissuasions from others, I accepted my supervisor’s sponsorship and embarked on my difficult journey of academic pursuit.1998年C-E原文：1997年2月24日我们代表团下榻日月潭中信大饭店，送走了最后一批客人，已是次日凌晨3点了。
英语专业八级历年英译汉汇总
【2002年8级测试英译汉】The word “winner” and “loser” have many meanings1. When we refer to a person as a winner, we do not mean one who makes someone else lose. To us, a winner is one who responds authentically by being credible, trustworthy, responsive, and genuine, both as an individual and as a member of a society2.Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be; rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance, maintaining pretence, and manipulating others3. They are aware that there is a difference between being loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable4. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask.Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge 5. They can separate facts from opinions and don't pretend to have all the answers6. They listen to others, evaluate what they say, but come to their own conclusions. Although winners can admire and respect other people, they are not totally defined, demolished, bound, or awed by them7.Winners do not play “helpless”，nor do they play the blaming game 8. Instead, they assume responsibility for their own lives.【概述】这是一篇议论文，议题讨论人生的核心问题—-成功与失败。
2004英语专业八级考试翻译
第二，你初到一个餐馆，开始举筷时有新鲜感，新盖 的茅房三天香，这也可以叫做“陌生化效应”。
Secondly, the first time you arrive in a restaurant, the sense of freshness comes when begin to hold chopsticks. The newly built toilet covers fragrance for three days, which can be called "defamiliarization effect".
We should not be too romantic in interpersonal relations. Human beings are interesting in that they tend to first see good in a new acquaintance.
这一点颇像是在餐馆里用餐的经验。开始吃头盘或 冷碟的时候，印象很好。吃头两个主菜时，也是赞 不绝口。
愈吃愈趋于冷静，吃完了这顿筵席，缺点就都找 出来了。于是转喜为怒，转赞美为责备挑剔，转 首肯为摇头。
The more you eat ,the more calmer you become, and all the shortcomings reveals after the feast. Then happiness turns to anger, praise to scolding and nit-picking, and head nodding to head-shaking.
第二你初到一个餐馆开始举筷时有新鲜感新盖的茅房三天香这也可以叫做陌生化效应
2004年专八翻译
英语专业历年专八翻译真题及答案
1996年专八英译汉试题原文年专八英译汉试题原文Four months before Election Day 1, five men gathered in a small conference room at the Reagan-Bush headquarters 2 and reviewed an oversize calendar that marked the remaining days of the 1984 presidential campaign. It was the last Saturday in June and at ten o'clock in the morning the rest of the office was practically deserted 3. Even so, the men kept the door slut and the drapes carefully drawn. The three principals and their two deputies had come from around the country for a critical meeting 4. Their aim was to devise a strategy 5 that would guarantee Ronald Reagan's resounding reelection to a second term in the White House. It should have been easy. They were battle-tested veterans 6 with long ties to Reagan and even longer ties to the Republican Party, men who understood presidential politics 7 as well as any in the country. The backdrop 8 of the campaign was hospitable, with lots of good news to work with: America was at peace, and the nation's economy, a key factor in any election, was rebounding vigorously after recession. Furthermore, the campaign itself was lavishly financed 9 , with plenty of money for a top-flight staff 10 , travel, and television commercials. And, most important, their candidate was Ronald Reagan, a president of tremendous personal popularity and dazzling communication skills 11. Reagan has succeeded more than any president since John F. Kennedy in projecting a broad vision of America — a nation of renewed military strength, individual initiative, and smaller feder al government 12. 【 参考译文参考译文 】离选举日还有四个月，五个人聚集在里根—布什竞选总部的一个小型会议室里，看着一张硕大的日历， 1984 年总统竞选剩下的日子清晰地标了出来。
2004_专八真题_附带答案解析
2004年英语专八试卷及答案PartⅡProofreading and Error Correction(15min)The passage contains TEN errors.Each indicated line contains a maximumof ONE error.In each case,only ONE word is involved.You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word,underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word,mark the positionof the missing word with a"∧"sign and write the word you believeto be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word,cross the unnecessary word with a slash"/"and putthe word in the blank provided at the end of the line.ExampleWhen∧art museum wants a new exhibit, (1)anit never buys things in finished form and hangs(2)neverthem on the wall.When a natural history museumwants an exhibition,it must often build it.(3)exhibitProofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET TWO as instructed.power is usually delegated to committees-eitherstanding committees,special committees set for a specific(1)____purpose,or joint committees consisted of members of both houses.(2)____Investigations are held to gather information on the need forfuture legislation,to test the effectiveness of laws already passed, to inquire into the qualifications and performance of members and officials of the other branches,and in rare occasions,to lay the(3)____groundwork for impeachment proceedings.Frequently,committees rely outside experts to assist in conducting investigative hearings (4)____291and to make out detailed studies of issues.(5)____There are important corollaries to the investigative power.Oneis the power to publicize investigations and its results.Most (6)____committee hearings are open to public and are reported(7)____widely in the mass media. Congressional investigations nevertheless represent one important tool available to lawmakers(8)____to inform the citizenry and to arousethe power to compeltestimony from unwilling witnesses, and to cite for contemptof Congress witnesses who refuse to testify and for perjurythese who give false testimony. (10)____PartⅢReading Comprehension(30min) (开始PartⅢReadingComprehension(30min)计时)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a totalof fifteen multiplechoice questions. Read the passages and then markyour answers on your coloured answer sheet.TEXT AFarmers in the developing world hate price fluctuations.It makes ithard to plan ahead.But most of them have little choice:they sell atthe price the market sets.Farmers in Europe,the U.S.and Japan are luckier:they receive massive government subsidies in the form of guaranteed prices or direct handouts. Last month U.S.President Bush signed a new farm bill that gives American farmers$190billion over the next10years,or$83billion more than they had been scheduledto get,and pushes U.S.agricultural support close to crazy European levels.Bush said the step was necessary to"promote farmer independence and preserve the farm way of life for generations".Itin November’s midterm elections. Agricultural production in most poor countries accounts for up to50%of GDP,compared to only3%in rich countries.But most farmers in poor countries grow just enough for themselves and their families.Those who try exportingto the West find their goods whacked with huge tariffs or competing against cheaper subsidized goods.In 1999the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development concluded that for each dollar developing countries receive in aid they lose up to$14just because of tradebarriers imposed on the export of their manufactured goods.It’s not as if the developing world wants any favours,says Gerald Ssendwula, Uganda’s Minister of Finance."What we want is for the rich countriesto let us compete."Agriculture is one of the few areas in which the Third World can compete. Land and labour are cheap,and as farming methods develop,new technologies should improve output. This is no pieintheskyspeculation.The biggest success in Kenya’s economy over the pastdecade has been the boom in exports of cut flowers and vegetables to Europe.But that may all change in2008, when Kenya will be slightlytoo rich to qualify for the "leastdeveloped country"status that allowsAfrican producers to avoid paying stiff European import duties onrose.And while agriculture exports remain the great hope for poor countries,reducing trade barriers in other sectors also works:Americas African Growth and Opportunity Act,which cuts duties on exports of everything from handicrafts to shoes,has proved a boon toAfrica’s manufacturers.The lesson: the Third World can prosper ifthe rich world gives it a fair go. This is what makes Bush’s decision to increase farm subsidies lastmonth all themore depressing.Poor countries have long suspected that the rich world urges rade liberalization only so it can wangle its way into new markets.Such suspicions caused the Seattle trade talks to break down three years ago.But last November members of the World Trade Organization,meeting in Doha,Qatar, finally agreed to a new roundof talks designed to open up global trade in agriculture andtextiles.Rich countries assured poor countries,that their concerns293were finally being addressed.Bush’s handout last month makes a lieof America’s commitment to those talks and his personal devotion to free trade.16.By comparison,farmers____ receive more government subsidies thanothers.A)in the developing worldconsiderations,there is a____ motivebehind Bush’s signing of the new farm bill.A)partisanB)socialC)financialD)cultural18.The message the writer attempts to convey throughout the passageis that____.A)poor countries should be given equal opportunities in trade B)"the leastdeveloped country" status benefits agricultural countriesC)poor countries should remove their suspicions about tradeliberalizationD)farmers in poor countries should also receive the benefit of subsidies19.The writer’s attitude towards new farm subsidies in the U.S.is____.A)favourableB)ambiguousC)criticalD)reserved294TEXT BOscar Wilde said that work is the refuge of people who have nothing better to do.If so,Americans are now among the world’s saddestrefugees.Factory workers in the United States are working longer hoursthan at any time in the past halfcentury.America once led thenatural that as people grew richer they would trade extra earnings for more leisure.Since the1970s, however,the hours clocked up by American workers have risen,to an average of42this year in manufacturing.Several studiessuggest thatsomething similar is happening outside manufacturing:Americans are spending more time at work than they did20years ago.Executives and lawyers boast of80hour weeks.On holiday,they seek out fax machines and phones as eagerly as Germans bag the best sunloungers.Yet working time in Europe and Japan continues to fall.In Germany’s engineering industry the working week is to be trimmed from36to35hours next year.Most Germans get six weeks’paid annual holiday;even theJapanese now take three weeks. Americans still make do with just two.Germany responds to this contrast with its usual concern aboutwhether people’s aversion to work is damaging its competitiveness.Yet German workers,like the Japanese, seem to be acting sensibly:astheir incomes rise,they can achieve a better standard of living with fewer hours of work.The puzzle is why America,the world’s richest country,sees things differently.It is a puzzle with sinistersocial implications.Parents spend less time with their children,who may beleft alone at home for longer.Is it just a coincidence that juvenileweak trade unions that leave workers open to exploitation.Are workers being forced by costcutting firmsto toil harder just to keep their jobs?A recent study by two American economists,Richard Freeman and Linda Bell,suggests not:when asked, Americans actually want to work longer hours.Most German workers,in contrast,would rather work less.Then, why do Americans want to work harder?One reason may be that the real earnings of many Americans havebeen stagnant or falling during the past two decades.People work longer merely to maintain their living standards.Yet many higherskilled workers,who have enjoyed big increases in their real pay,have been working harder too.Also,one reason for the slow growth of wages has been the rapid growth inemployment-which is more or less where the295argument began.Taxes may have something to do with it.People who workan extra hour in America are allowed to keep more of their money than those who do the same in Germany.Falls in marginal tax rates in America since the1970s have made it all the more profitable to work longer.None of these answers really explains why the centurylong decline in working hours has gone into reverse in America but not elsewhere(though Britain shows signs of following America’s lead).Perhaps culturalfor their basic needs and allow for a few luxuries,their incentiveto work would be eroded,like lions relaxing after a kill.But humans are more susceptible to advertising than lions.Perhaps clevermarketing has ensured that"basic needs"-for a shower with builtin TV, for a rocketpropelled car-expand continuously.Shopping is already one of America’s most popular pastimes. But it requires money-hence more work and less leisure.Or try this:the television is not very good,and baseball and hockey keep being wiped out by strikes.Perhaps Wilde was right.Maybe Americans have nothing better to do.20.In the United States,working longer hours is____.A)confined to the manufacturing industryB)a traditional practice in some sectorsC)prevalent in all sectors of societyD)favoured by the economists21.According to the third paragraph, which might be one of the consequences of working longer hours?A)Rise in employees’working efficiency.B)Rise in the number of young offenders.C)Rise in people’s living standards.D)Rise in competitiveness.22.Which of the following is the cause of working longer hours statedbythe writer?A)Expansion of basic needs.TEXT CThe fox really exasperated them both. As soon as they had let the fowls out,inthe early summer mornings, they had to take their guns and keep guard;and thenagain as soon as evening began to mellow,they must go once more.And he was so sly.He slid along in the deep grass;he was difficult as a serpent to see.And he seemed to circumvent the girls deliberately.Once or twice March had caught sight of the white tipof his brush,or the ruddy shadow of him in the deep grass,and shehad let fire at him.But he made no account of this.The trees on the woodedge were a darkish,brownish green in the full light-for it was the end of August.Beyond,the naked, copperlike shafts and limbs ofthe pine trees shone in the air.Nearer the rough grass,with its long, brownish stalks all agleam,was full of light.The fowls were round about-the ducks were still swimming on the pond under the pine trees. March looked at it all,saw it all,and did not see it.She heard Banford speaking to the fowls in the distance-and she did not hear.What wasshe thinking about?Heaven knows.Her consciousness was,as it were,held back.She lowered her eyes,and suddenly saw the fox.He was looking up at her.His chin was pressed down, and his eyes were looking up.They met her eyes.And he knew her.She was spellbound-she knew he knewsaw him making off,with slow leaps over some fallen boughs,slow, impudent jumps.Then he glanced over his shoulder,and ran smoothly away.She saw his brush held smooth like a feather,she saw his white buttocks twinkle.And he was gone, softly,soft as the wind.She puther gun to her shoulder,but even then pursed her mouth,knowing itwas nonsense to pretend to fire.So she began to walk slowly after him,in the direction he had gone,slowly, pertinaciously.She expected tofind him.In her heart she was determined to find him.What she would do when she saw him again she did not consider.But she was determinedto find him.So she walked abstractedly about on the edge of the wood,with wide,vivid dark eyes,and a faint flush in her cheeks.She didnot think.In strange mindlessness she walked hither and thither...As 297soon as supper was over,she rose again to go out,without saying why.She took her gun again and went to look for the fox.For he had lifted his eyesupon her,and his knowing look seemed to have entered her brain. She did not somuch think of him:she was possessed by him.She saw his dark,shrewd,unabashedeye looking into her,knowing her.She felt him invisibly master her spirit.She knew the way he lowered his chin ashe looked up,she knew his muzzle,the golden brown,and the greyishstartled eyes glowing,her gun under her arm,along the wood edge. Meanwhilethe night fell,and a great moon rose above the pine trees. 23.At the beginning of the story,the fox seems to the all EXCEPT____.A)cunningB)fierceC)defiantD)annoying24.As the story proceeds,March begins to feel under the spell of____.A)the lightB)the treesC)the nightD)the fox25.Gradually March seems to be in a state of____.A)blanknessB)imaginationC)sadnessD)excitement26.At the end of the story,there seems to be a sense of____between March and the fox.A)detachmentB)angerC)intimacyD)conflict29827.The passage creates an overall impression of____.A)mysteryB)horrorC)livelinessD)contemptTEXT DThe banners are packed,the tickets booked.The glitter and white overalls havebeen bought,the gasIt started on Bastille Day,last Saturday,with the French unions and immigrants on the streets and the first demonstrations in Britain and Germany about climate change.Itwill continue tomorrow and Thursday with environmental and peacerallies against President Bush.But the big one is in Genoa,on Friday and Saturday,where the G8leaders will meet behind the lines of18,000 heavily armed police.Unlike Prague, Gothenburg,Cologne or Nice,Genoa is expected to be Europe’s Seattle, the coming together of thedisparate strands of resistance to corporate globalisation.Neither the protesters nor the authorities know what will happen,but some things are predictable.Yes,there will be violence and yes,the mass mediawill focus on it.What should seriously concern the G8is not so much the violence,the numbers in the streets or even that they themselves look like idiots hiding behind the barricades,but that the deep roots of a genuine new version of internationalism are growing.For the firsttime in a generation,the international political and economic condition is in the dock.Moreover, the protesters are unlikely to go away,their confidence is growing rather than waning,their agendas are merging,the protests are spreading and drawing in all ages and concerns.No single analysis has drawn all the strands of the debatethe G8leaders,world bodies and businesses talk increasingly from the same script,so the protesters’once disparatepolitical and social analyses are converging.The longterm project of governments and world bodies to globalise capital and development is being mirrored by the 299globalisation of protest.But what happens next?Governments and world bodies are unsure which way to turn. However well they are policed, major protests reinforce the impression of indifferent elites, repression of debate,overreaction to dissent,injustice andunaccountable power.Theiroptions-apart from actually embracing thebroad agenda being put to them-are to retreat behind even higher barricades,repress dissent further, abandon global meetingsaltogether or,more likely,meet only in places able to physicallyresist the masses.Brussels is considering building a super fortress for international meetings.Genoa may be the last of the European superprotests.28.According to the context,the word "parties"at the end of the first paragraph refers to____.A)the meeting of the G8leadersB)the protests on Bastille DayC)the coming panEuropean protestsD)the big protest to be held in Genoa29.According to the passage, economic globalisation is paralleledB)the disappearing differences in the global protest movementC)the growing European concern about globalisationD)the increase in the number of protesters30.According to the last paragraph, what is Brussels consideringdoing?A)Meeting in places difficult to reach.B)Further repressing dissent.C)Accepting the protesters’agenda.D)Abandoning global meetings.(结束PartⅢReading Comprehension(30min)计时)SECTION B SKIMMING AND SCANNING(10 MIN)(开始SECTION B SKIMMING AND SCANNING(10MIN)计时)300In this section there are seven passages with ten multiplechoice questions.Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet. TEXT EFirst read the question.31.The main purpose of the passage is to____. A.demonstrate how to prevent crime B.show the seriousness of crime C.look into the causes of crime D.call for more government efforts Now go through TEXT E quickly to answer question31.For three weeks,every night at11p.m., correspondents,officers and judgescriminals in prisons made their appearance on TV to debate on a topic "Crime in the United States". Indeed,crime has been disturbing the American people and has becomea serious social problem just next to the unemployment problem.Somefigures are terrifying:1of4 Americans has been a victim of some kind of crimes;nearly22million crimecases occurred last year throughout the country.A simple arithmetic calculation indicatesthaton average,a crime is being committed in every2seconds.Now the Americans are living in a horrible environment.Their safety and property are threatened by various crimes:robbery,theft,rape, kidnapping,murder,arson,vandalism and violence.The most worrisome problem comes from the fact that about onethird of crime cases were committed by the juvenile and53%of criminals in jails are youngsters below25.A poll indicates that about 73%of citizens said they avoided teenagers in streets,especially at night.To protect themselves from crime,according to a released figure, 52%of Americans keep guns athome.But some gun owners turn out to be potential criminals.Somepeople demand that strict law for gun control be enforced;but others oppose the ban of gun.No decision is in sight.Some experts saidpoverty,unemployment and racial discrimination are the cause ofonly about12%of the populationof the nation.Others argued that about54%of convicted criminals came from families associated with these evils.The American state government and federal government spend billions of dollars each year in maintaining the police departments and jails.But police authorities 301complain that they have notsufficient welltrained hands and advancedequipment to detect and stop crimes. Several cases of criminalinsurgence were reported as a result of resentment at overcrowded prisons.Taxpayers complain that they pay more and more tax but receive less and less protection from crime for their lives and property.Though the host of the live TV programme made great efforts to search for a solution,so far no participant could put forward a measure that was approved by most of the attendants.31.The main purpose of the passage is to____.A)demonstrate how to prevent crimeB)show the seriousness of crimeC)look into the causes of crimeD)call for more government efforts TEXT FFirst read the question.32.What is the main topic of the following passage?A.Differences between modes of learning. B.Deficiencies of formal learning. C.Advantages of informal learning. D.Social context and learning systems.Now go throughclassroom,irrespective of whether such learning is informed by conservative or progressive ideologies."Informal learning",on the other hand,is used to refer to learning which takes place outside the classroom.These definitions provide theessential,though by no means sole, difference bet ween formal and informal learning.Formal learning is decontextualised from daily life and,indeed,as Scribner and Cole (1973:553)have observed,may actually"promote ways of learning and thinking which often run counter to those nurtured in practical daily life".A characteristic featureof formal learning is the centrality of activities that are not closely paralleled by activities outside the classroom.The classroom canprepare for,draw on,and imitate the challenges of adult life outsidethe classroom,but it cannot,by its nature,consist of thesechallenges.In doing this,language plays a critical role as the major channel for information exchange. "Success"in the classroom requires a student to master this abstract code. As Bernstein(1969:152)noted,the language of the classroom is more similar to the language used by302middleclass families than that used by workingclass families.Middleclass children thus find it easier to acquire the language ofimmediately relevant.In this context, language does not occupy suchan important role:the child’s experience of learning is more holistic,involving sight,touch, taste,and smell-senses that are underutilised in the classroom.While formal learning is transmittedby teachers selected to perform this role,informal learning isacquired as a natural part of a child’s development.Adults or olderchildren who are proficient in the skill or activity provide-sometime s unintentionally-target models of behaviour in the course of everyday rmal learning, therefore,can take place at any time andis not subject to the limitations imposed by institutionaltimetabling.The motivation of the learner provides another critical difference between the two modes of learning.The formal learner is generallymotivated by some kind of external goal such as parental approval, social status,and potentialfinancial reward.The informal learner,however,tends to be motivated by successful completion of the task itself and the partial acquisition of adult status.32.What is the main topic of the following passage?A)Differences between modes of learning.B)Deficiencies of formal learning.First read the question.33.The three approaches mentioned in thepassage aim at____.A.restructuring economy B.improving the tax systemC.improving the living conditionsD.reducing poverty Now go through TEXT G quickly to answer question33. As a rule,it is essential thatthe poor’s productive capabilities be mobilized and the conditionsfor developing these human resources be improved.In this con nection, German development policy has developed the following three approaches:-Structural reform: Structural reform is the preferred approach for reducing poverty because it eliminates the causes ofpoverty rather than just its symptoms. It is vital that economic,303political and social conditions which can alleviate poverty beestablished at national and international levels.Efforts at international level focus on fair conditions for international trade and competition.At national level, the poor must be helped through structural reform such as the introduction of democratic government,options for independent private enterprise,decentralization and agricultural reform.Development policy tools for realizing such reforms include political dialogue, political advisory services, structural adjustment measures and personnel and material support fordirectly helping the poor and improving their living conditions or increasing their job options and earning potential.Of special importance are those projects which provide help for selfhelp in reducing poverty.The material support and advisory services offered by these projects reinforce the poor’s will to help themselves and help eable them to leadselfsufficient lives.Typical direct aidprojects include the construction of simple housing by selfhelp groups, the creation of a savings and loan system for the poorer segments of society and support for women’s selfhelp organizations.-Indirect measures:A project’s beneficiaries-its target group-are not only often difficult to identify clearly, they are also not necessarily all poor people.In these cases,the project in question must be integratedinto one of the partner nation’s overall or sectorspecific policies that aim at reducing poverty.A good illustration of this type ofproject is the use of advisory services to improve the tax system. Advising and upgrading the qualifications of personnel working in thefiscal system can lead to increased tax revenues which could beallocated for antipoverty measures. In keeping with this focus,German development assistance concentratesand technical assistance went to selfhelp projects aimed at reducing poverty.Basic needs projects comprised48percent of all projects and almost30percent of the commitments made for financial and technical assistance were allocated for the world’s least developed countries(LDCs).33.The three approaches mentioned in the passage aim at____.A)restructuring economy304B)improving the tax systemC)improving the living conditionsD)reducing povertyTEXT HFirst read the question.34.What is the following passage mainly concerned with? cational facilities in Africa. B.Founding a university for women.C.Agricultural production in Zimbabwe.D.Women’s role in agricultural production.Now go through TEXT H quickly to answer question34.Access to education facilities is inadequate in subSaharan Africa.And women and girls there face greater disadvantages.They are often denied education as customs dictate they marry early and have children.Two Zimbabwean academics plan to opena university to help African women whose education was interrupted by either family commitments or financial constraints.Theuniversitywill initially be in Harare,but will be relocated to Marondera,80Ministerof Education,are to open the university this month.It will initiallyhave400students.Students will be split into groups of100and placed in one of four faculties:social science,agriculture,environmental studies or science and technology. The university is for women aged25or older.The need for a university for women is more acute in Africa, where women are the poorest and most disadvantaged.When they do have access to education they often must endure sexual harassment.Most women drop out because they lack educational materials or the schools are inaccessible."In Africa,women till the land and produce the bulk of the food,yet they have no understanding about marketing," Sadzasiad."Agriculture is another area w here we can empower women."The university will have a285hectare farm and courses will include agricultural production and marketing.Women account for80per centof Africa’s agricultural production, but have no control over eitherthe resources or policies.The university since August has raised aboutZ$32.5million(US$591,000)in donations and pledges.The university will be open to students from across Africa.It will be the second women’s university-after Sudan’sA)Educational facilities in Africa.B)Founding a university for women.C)Agricultural production in Zimbabwe.D)Women’s role in agricultural production.TEXT I First read the questions. 35.Which president advocated the lifting of the ban on women teachers?A.Xu Yangqiu.B.Wu Yifang.C.Tao Xingzhi.D.Chen Heqin.36.What is Guo Juefu? A.A painter. B.A poet.C.A biologist.D.A psychologist.Now go through TEXT I quickly to answer questions35and36.Many presidents of the centuryold Nanjing Normal University(NJNU)have put forward insightful and inspiring education theories and practices,which have had a farreaching impact on China’s education history.Jiang Qian and Guo Bingwen proposed a schoolrunning principle that advocated the balance between versatility and specialization,liberal arts and sciences.Tao Xingzhi,a wellknown educator,carried out many important reforms in the university.Forthe first time in China,he advocated the lifting of the ban on women teachers and opened adult training classes in summer vacations.Wu Yifang,China’s first woman university president,emphasized normaleducation,regarding it as the parent engine and heavy industry of education.Chen Heqin established a Chinesestyle and scientific theory for modern educati on for children.。
2004年英语专八试卷真题含答案
2004年英语专八试卷真题及答案PART ⅠLISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A TALKLanguage is used for doing things. People use it in everyday conversation for transacting business, planning meals and vacations, debating politics, and gossiping. Teachers use it for instructing students, and comedians use it for amusing audiences. All these are instances of language use - that is activities in which people do things with language. As we can see, language use is really a form of joint action.What is joint action? I think it is an action that is carried out by a group of people doing things in coordination with each other. As simple examples, think of two people waltzing, or playing a piano duet. When two dancers waltz, they each move around the ballroom in a special way. But waltzing is different from the sum of their individual actions. Can you imagine these two dancers doing the same steps, but in separate rooms, or at separate times? So waltzing is, in fact, the joint action that emerges as the two dancers do their individual steps in coordination, as a couple.Similarly, doing things with language is also different from the sum of the speaker speaking and the listener listening. It is the joint action that emerges when speakers and listeners, or writers and readers, perform their individual actions in coordination, as ensembles. Therefore, we can say that language use incorporates both individual and social processes. Speakers and listeners, writers and readers, must carry out actions as individuals, if they are to succeed in theiruse of language. But they must also work together as participants in the social units I have called ensembles. In the example I mentioned just now, the two dancers perform both individual actions, moving their bodies, arms, and legs, and joint actions, coordinating these movements, as they create the waltz. In the past, language use has been studied as if it were entirely an individual process. And it has also been studied as if it were entirely a social process. For me, I suggest that it belongs to both. We cannot hope to understand language use without viewing it as joint actions built on individual actions. In order to explain how all these actions work, I'd like to review briefly settings of language use. By settings, I mean the scene in which language use takes place, plus the medium - which refers to whether language use is spoken or written. And in this talk, I'll focus on spoken settings.The spoken setting mentioned most often is conversation - either face to face, or on the telephone. Conversations may be devoted to gossip, business transactions or scientific matters, but they're all characterized by the free exchange of terms among the two participants. I'll call these personal settings. Then we have what I would call nonpersonal settings. A typical example is the monologue. In monologues, one person speaks with little or no opportunity for interruption, or turns by members of the audience. Monologues come in many varieties too, as a professor lectures to a class, or a student giving a presentation to a seminar. These people speak for themselves, uttering words they formulated themselves for the audience before them, and the audience isn't expected to interrupt. In another kind of setting which are called institutional settings, the participants engage in speech exchanges that look like ordinary conversation, but they are limited by institutional rules. As examples, we can think of a government official holding a news conference, alawyer cross questioning a witness in court, or a professor directing a seminar discussion. In these settings, what is said is more or less spontaneous, even though turns at speaking are allocated by a leader, or are restricted in other ways.The person speaking isn't always the one whose intentions are being expressed. We have the clearest examples in fictional settings. Vivian Leigh plays Scarlett O'Hara in "Gone with the Wind", Frank Sinatra sings a love song in front of a live audience, the speakers are each vocalizing words composed by someone else - for instance a playwright or a composer - and are openly pretending to be expressing opinions that aren't necessarily their own. Finally there are private settings when people speak for themselves without actually addressing anyone else, for example, I might explain silently to myself, or talk to myself about solving a research problem, or rehearsing what I'm about to say in a seminar tomorrow. What I say isn't intended to be recognized by other people, it is only of use to myself. These are the features of private settings.SECTION B TALKW: Good evening, I'm Nancy Johnson. The guest on our radio talk this evening is Professor Wang Gongwu. Hello, Professor Wang.M: Hello.W: Professor Wang, you're now professor emeritus of Australia National University, and in your long academic career, you've worn many hats as tutor, lecturer, department head, dean, professor, and vice chancellor. However, as I know, you're still very fond of youruniversity days as a student.M: That's right. That was in 1949. The university that I went to was a brand new university then, and the only one in the country at that time. When I look back, it was an amazingly small university, and we knew everybody.W: How did the students like you, for example, study then?M: We didn't study very hard, because we didn't have to. We didn't have all this fantastic competition that you have today. Mmm. We were always made to feel that getting a first degree in the Arts faculty was not preparation for a profession. It was a general education. We were not under any pressure to decide on our careers, and we had such a good time. We were left very much on our own, and we were encouraged to make things happen.W: What do you see as the most striking difference in university education since then?M: University education has changed dramatically since those days. Things are very specialized today.W: Yes, definitely so. And, in your subsequent career experience as an educator and later administrator in various institutions of higher education in Asia and elsewhere, Professor Wang, you have repeatedly noted that one has to look at the development of education in one particular country in a broad context. What do you mean by that?M: Well, the whole world has moved away from elite education in universities to meet the needs of mass education, and entering universities is no longer a privilege for the few. And universities today are more concerned with providing jobs for their graduates in a way that universities in our time never had to be bothered about. Therefore, the emphasis of university programs today is now on the practical and the utilitarian, rather than on a general education or on personal development.W: Do you think that is a welcome development?M: Well, I personally regret this development. But the basic bachelor's education now has to cater to people who really need a piece of paper to find a decent job.W: So you're concerned about this development.M: Yes, I'm very concerned. With technical changes, many of the things that you learn are technical skills, which don't require you to become very well educated. Yet, if you can master those skills, you can get very good jobs. So the technical institutions are going to be increasingly popular at the expense of traditional universitites.W: Professor Wang, let's look at a different issue. How do you comment on the current phenomenon because of the fees they pay?M: Well, once you accept students on financial grounds, one wonders whether you have to pass them as well. But this is the development in education that we have to contend with. Yet, if we are concerned about maintaining standards, what we can do is to concentrate onimproving the quality of education.W: Yes, you're right. A university is judged by the quality of education it offers. Professor Wang, let's turn to the future. What type of graduates, in your view, to universities of the future need to produce, if they are to remain relevant?M: I think their graduates must be able to shift from one profession to another, because they are trained in a very independent way. If you can do that, you raise the level of the flexibility of the mind. Today's rapid changes in technology demand this adaptability. And you see the best universities in the world are already trying to guarantee that their students will not only be technically trained, but will be the kind of people that can adapt to any changing situation.W: I guess many people would agree with you on that point. University education should focus on both personal and professional development of students. But still some might believe there is a definite place for education in a broader sense - that is, in personal intellectual development.M: No doubt about that. We need people who will think about the future, about the past, and also people who will think about society. If a society doesn't have philosophers, or people who think about the value of life, it's a very sad society indeed.W: Professor Wang, my last question: do you see any common ground in education between your generation and the young generation now?M: Adapting to new challenges is perhaps the true cornerstone of our generation's legacy to education. And the future of education in a country rests not so much on the construction of better buildings, labs, etc., but in the development of an ever adaptable mind.W: That's true. The essence of education is the education of the mind. Okay, thank you very much, Professor Wang, for talking to us on the show about the changing trends in education.M: You're welcomeSECTION CA new data shows that the global AIDS pandemic will cause a sharp drop in life expectancy in dozens of countries, in some cases, declines of three decades. Several nations are losing a century's progress in extending the length of life. Nations in every part of the world, 51 in all, are suffering declining life expectancies because of an increasing prevalence of HIV infection. The increase is occurring in Asia, Latin America, and the Carribbean, but is greatest in sub Saharan Africa, a region with only 10% of the world's population but 70% of the world's HIV infections. Seven African countries have life expectancies of less than 40 years. For example, in Botswana, where 39% of the adult population is infected with HIV, life expectancy is 39 years. But by 2010, it will be less than 27 years. Without AIDS, it would have been 44 years. Life expectancy throughout the Carribbean and some Central American nations will drop into the 60's by 2010, when they would otherwise have been in the 70's without AIDS. In Cambodia and Burma, they are predicted to decline to around 60 years old, to what otherwise would have been in the mid 60's. Even in countrieswhere the number of new infections is dropping, such as Thailand, Uganda, and Senegal, small life expectancy drop is forecast. Back in the early 1990's, we never would have suspected that population growth would have turned negative because of AIDS mortality. In less than 10 years, we expect that 5 countries will be experiencing negative population growth because of AIDS mortality, including South Africa, Mozambique, Lesotho, Botswana and Swaziland.Questions 14 and 15 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.The European Union has drafted a list of US products to be hit with import taxes in retaliation for tariffs the United States has imposed on European steel. EU member governments will review the list before the EU submits it to the World Trade Organization, which arbitrates international trade disputes. EU officials will not say which American products will be hit by the EU sanctions. But diplomats monitoring the most recent trans Atlantic trade dispute say they include textiles and steel products.Earlier this month, the Bush administration imposed tariffs of up to 30 percent on some steel imports, including European products.The EU has appealed to the World Trade Organization to get those duties overturned. But a WTO decision on the matter could take up to a year or more. EU officials say that, under WTO rules, the EU has the right to impose retaliatory measures in June. But they say the United States can avoid the EU's possible countermeasures if it pays more than two billion dollars in compensation to the EU for imposing thesteel tariffs in the first place. The officials say Washington could also escape retaliation by lowering U.S. import duties on other EU products.The Bush administration says it will not pay compensation.SECTION D TALKGood morning. Today's lecture will focus on how to make people feel at ease in conversations. I guess all of you sitting here can recall certain people who just seem to make you feel comfortable when they are around. You spend an hour with them and feel as if you've known them half your life. These people who have that certain something that makes us feel comfortable have something in common, and once we know what that is, we can go about getting some of that something for ourselves. How is it done? Here are some of the skills that good talkers have. If you follow the skills, they will help you put people at their ease, make them feel secure, and comfortable, and turn acquaintances into friends.First of all, good talkers ask questions. Almost anyone, no matter how shy, will answer a question. In fact, according to my observation, very shy persons are often more willing to answer questions than extroverts. They are more concerned that someone will think them impolite if they don't respond to the questions. So most skillful conversationalists recommend starting with a question that is personal, but not harmful. For example, once a famous American TV presenter got a long and fascinating interview from a notoriously private billionaire by asking him about his first job. Another example, one prominent woman executive confesses that at business lunches, "I always ask people what they did that morning. It's a dull question,but it gets things going." From there, you can move on to other matters, sometimes to really personal questions. Moreover, how your responder answers will let you know how far you can go. A few simple catchwords like "Really?" "Yes?" are clear invitations to continue talking.Second, once good talkers have asked questions, they listen for answers. This point seems obvious, but it isn't in fact. Making people feel comfortable isn't simply a matter of making idle conversation. Your questions have a point. You're really asking, "What sort of person are you?" and to find out, you have to really listen. There are at least three components of real listening. For one thing, real listening means not changing the subject. If someone sticks to one topic, you can assume that he or she is really interested in it. Another component of real listening is listening not just to words but to tones of voice. I once mentioned D.H. Lawrence to a friend. To my astonishment, she launched into an academic discussion of the imagery in Lawrence's works. Midway through, I listened to her voice. It was, to put it mildly, unanimated, and it seemed obvious that the imagery monologue was intended solely for my benefit, and I quickly changed the subject. At last, real listening means using your eyes as well as your ears. When your gaze wanders, it makes people think they're boring your, or what they are saying is not interesting. Of course, you don't have to stare, or glare at them. Simply looking attentive will make most people think that you think they're fascinating.Next, good talkers are not afraid to laugh. If you think of all the people you know who make you feel comfortable, you may notice that all of them laugh a lot. Laughter is not only warming and friendly, it's alsoa good way to ease other people's discomfort. I have a friend who might enjoy watching at gathering of other people who do not know each other well. The first few minutes of talk are a bit uneasy and hesitant, for the people involved do not yet have a sense of each other. Invariably, a light comment or joke is made, and my friend's easy laughter appears like sunshine in the conversation. There is always then a visible softening that takes place. Other people smile, and loosen in response to her laughter, and the conversation goes on with more warmth and ease.Finally, good talkers are onces who cement a parting. That is, they know how to make use of parting as a way to leave a deep impression on others. Last impressions are just as important as first impressions in determining how a new acquaintance will remember you. People who make others really feel comfortable take advantage of that parting moment to close the deal. Men have had it easier. They have done it with a smile, and a good firm handshake. What about women then? Over the last several years, women have started to take over that custom well between themselves or with men. If you're saying goodbye, you might want to give him or her a second extra hand squeeze. It's a way to say, I really enjoyed meeting you. But it's not all done with body language. If you've enjoyed being with someone, if you want to see that person again, don't keep it a secret. Let people know how you feel, and they may walk away feeling as if they've known you half their life.Okay, just to sum up. Today, we've talked about four ways to make people feel at ease in conversations. These skills are important in keeping conversations going, and in forming friendships later on. Of course, these skills are by no means the only ones we can use. the listis much longer. I hope you will use these four skills, and discover more on your own in your conversations with other people.Now you have two minutes to check your notes, and then please complete the 15 minute gap filling task on Answer Sheet One.This is the end of listening comprehension.试题Part ⅠListening Comprehension (40 min)In Sections A,B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your colored answer sheet.SECTION A TALKQuestions 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section. At the end of the talk you will be given 75 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the talk.1. The parallel between waltzing and language use lies in ____.A. the coordination based on individual actionsB. the number of individual participantsC. the necessity of individual actionsD. the requirements for participants2. In the talk the speaker thinks that language use is a(n) ____ process.A. individualB. combinedC. distinctD. social3. The main difference between personal and non-personal settings is in ____.A. the manner of language useB. the topic and content of speechC. the interactions between speaker and audienceD. the relationship between speaker and audience4. In fictional settings, speakers ____.A. hide their real intentionsB. voice others' intentionsC. play double roles on and off stageD. only imitate other people in life5. Compared with other types of settings, the main feature of private setting is ____.A. the absence of spontaneityB. the presence of individual actionsC. the lack of real intentionsD. the absence of audienceSECTION B INTERVIEWQuestions 6 to 10 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 75 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the interview.6. What was education like in Professor Wang's days?A. Students worked very hard.B. Students felt they needed a second degree.C. Education was not career－oriented.D. There were many specialized subjects.7. According to Professor Wang, what is the purpose of the present－day education?A. To turn out an adequate number of elite for the society.B. To prepare students for their future career.C. To offer practical and utilitarian courses in each programme.D. To set up as many technical institutions as possible.8. In Professor Wang's opinion, technical skills ____.A. require good educationB. are secondary to educationC. don't call for good educationD. don't conflict with education9. What does Professor Wang suggest to cope with the situation caused by increasing numbers of fee-paying studentsA. Shifting from one programme to another.B. Working out ways to reduce student number.C. Emphasizing better quality of education.D. Setting up stricter examination standards.10. Future education needs to produce graduates of all the following categories EXCEPT ____.A. those who can adapt to different professionsB. those who have a high flexibility of mindC. those who are thinkers, historians and philosophersD. those who possess only highly specialized skillsSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 45 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.11. Which of the following regions in the world will witness the sharpest drop in life expectancy?A. Latin America.B. Sub Saharan Africa.C. Asia.D. The Caribbean.12. According to the news, which country will experience small life expectancy drop?A. Burma.B. Botswana.C. Cambodia.D. Thailand.13. The countries that are predicted to experience negative population growth are mainly in ____ .A. Asia.B. Africa.C. Latin America.D. The Caribbean.Questions 14 and 15 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.14. The trade dispute between the European Union and the US was caused by ____. refusal to accept arbitration by WTO imposing tariffs on European steel refusal to pay compensation to EU refusal to lower import duties on EU products15. Who will be consulted first before the EU list is submitted to WTO?A. EU member states.B. The United States.C. WTO.D. The steel corporations.SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLINGIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the lecture, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a 15-minutegap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini-lecture. Use the blank paper for note-taking. Fill in each of the gaps with one word. You may refer to your notes. Make sure the word you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable.Conversation SkillsPeople who usually make us feel comfortable in conversations aregood talkers. And they have something in common, i.e. skills to put people at ease.1. Skill to ask question1) be aware of the human nature: readiness to answer other's questions regardless of (1)____2) start a conversation with some personal but unharmful questions about one's (2)____ job.questions about one's activities in the (3)____3) be able to spot signals for further talk2. Skill to (4)____for answers1) don't shift from subject to subject-sticking to the same subject: signs of (5)____in conversation.2) listen to (6)____of voice - If people sound unenthusiastic, then change subject.3) use eyes and ears - steady your gaze while listening3. Skill to laughEffects of laughter:- ease people's (7)____- help start (8)____4. Skill to part1) importance: open up possibilities for future friendship or contact2) ways:- men: a smile, a (9)____- women: same as (10)____ now- how to express pleasure in meeting someone.(1) ______ (2) ______ (3) ______ (4) ______ ( 5 ) ______(6) ______ (7) ______ (8) ______ (9) ______ (10) ______PART II PROOFREADING AND ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)The following passage contains TEN errors. Each line contains a maximum of one error and three are free from error. In each case, only one word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way.For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross out the unnecessary word with a slash “／” and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.If the line is correct, place a V in the blank provided at the end of the lineExampleWhen ^ art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) anIt never buys things in finished form and bangs (2) never them on the wall. When a natural history museum (3) vwants an exhibition, it must often build it. (4) exhibit Proofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET TWO as instructed. One of the most important non-legislative functions of the U.SCongressis the power to investigate. This power is usually delegated to committees - eitherstanding committees, special committees set for aspecific (1)____purpose, or joint committees consisted of members of both houses. (2)____Investigations are held to gather information on the need for future legislation, to test the effectiveness of laws already passed, to inquire into the qualifications and performance of members and officials of the other branches, and in rare occasions, to laythe (3)____groundwork for impeachment proceedings. Frequently, committees rely outside experts to assist in conducting investigative hearings (4)____and to make out detailed studies ofissues. (5)____There are important corollaries to the investigative power. Oneis the power to publicize investigations and its results.Most (6)____committee hearings are open to public and arereported (7)____widely in the mass media. Congressional investigations nevertheless represent one important tool available to lawmakers (8)____to inform the citizenry and to arouse public interests in national issues. (9)____Congressional committees also have the power to compel testimony from unwilling witnesses, and to cite for contemptof Congress witnesses who refuse to testify and for perjurythese who give false testimony. (10)____Part ⅢReading Comprehension (30 min)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of fifteen multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your colored answer sheet.TEXT AFarmers in the developing world hate price fluctuations. It makes it hard to plan ahead. But most of them have little choice: they sell at the price the market sets. Farmers in Europe, the U.S. and Japan are luckier: they receive massive government subsidies in the form of guaranteed prices or direct handouts. Last month U.S. President Bush signed a new farm bill that gives American farmers $190 billion over the next 10 years, or $83 billion more than they had been scheduled to get, and pushes U.S. agricultural support close to crazy European levels. Bush said the step was necessary to "promote farmer independence and preserve the farm way of life for generations". It is also designed to help the Republican Party win control of the Senate in November's mid term elections.Agricultural production in most poor countries accounts for up to 50% of GDP, compared to only 3% in rich countries. But most farmers in poor countries grow just enough for themselves and their families. Those who try exporting to the West find their goods whacked with huge tariffs or competing against cheaper subsidized goods. In 1999 the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development concluded that for each dollar developing countries receive in aid they lose up to。
2004年英语专业八级考试真题及答案-中大网校
2004年英语专业八级考试真题及答案总分：100分及格：60分考试时间：190分PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN) SECTION A MINI-LECTURE(1)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A><Ahref="javascript:;"></A><Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(2)根据材料，请在（2）处填上最佳答案。
(3)根据材料，请在（3）处填上最佳答案。
(4)根据材料，请在（4）处填上最佳答案。
(5)根据材料，请在（5）处填上最佳答案。
(6)根据材料，请在（6）处填上最佳答案。
(7)根据材料，请在（7）处填上最佳答案。
(8)根据材料，请在（8）处填上最佳答案。
(9)根据材料，请在（9）处填上最佳答案。
(10)根据材料，请在（10）处填上最佳答案。
SECTION B INTERVIEW & SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST(1)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(2)According to Professor Wang，what is the purpose of the present-day education?A. To turn out an adequate number of elite for the societB. To prepare students for their future careeC. To offer practical and utilitarian courses in each programmD. To set up as many technical institutions as possibl(3)In Professor Wang's opinion，technical skillsA. require good educatioB. are secondary to educatioC. don't call for good education,D. don't conflict with educatio(4)What does Professor Wang suggest to cope with the situation caused by increasing numbers of fee-paying students?A. Shifting from one programme to anotheB. Working out ways to reduce student numbeC. Emphasizing better quality of educatioD. Setting up stricter examination standard(5)Future education needs to produce graduates of all the following categories EXCEPTA. those who can adapt to different professionB. those who have a high flexibility of minC. those who are thinkers，historians and philosopherD. those who possess only highly specialized skill(6)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(7)According to the news，which country will experience small life expectancy drop?A. BurmB. BotswanC. CambodiD. Thailan(8)The countries that are predicted to experience negative population growth are mainly inA. AsiB. AfricC. Latin AmericD. The Caribbea(9)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(10)Who will be consulted first before the EU list is submitted to WTO?A. EU member stateB. The United StateC. WTD. The steel corporationPART ⅡREADING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)(1)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(2)In addition to the economic considerations，there is a＿＿motive behind Bush’s signing of the new farm bill．A. partisanB. socialC. financialD. cultural(3)The phrase “whacked with” in the second paragraph probably meansA. hit hard bB. complied witC. amounted tD. abided b(4)The message the writer attempts to convey throughout the passage is thatA. poor countries should be given equal opportunities in tradB. “the least－developed country”status benefits agricultural countrieC. poor countries should remove their suspicions about trade liberalizatioD. farmers in poor countries should also receive the benefit of subsidie(5)The writer’s attitude towards new farm subsidies in the US isA. favourablB. ambiguouC. criticaD. reserve(6)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A><Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(7)According to the third paragraph，which might be one of the consequences of working longer hours?A. Rise in employees’ working efficiencB. Rise in the number of young offenderC. Rise in people’s living standardD. Rise in competitivenes(8)The author’s attitude towards some explanations for America’s longer working hours isA. slight approvaB. slight ambiguitC. slight disapprovaD. strong disapprova(9)Which of the following is the cause of working longer hours stated by the writer?A. Expansion of basic needB. Cultural differenceC. Increase in real earningD. Advertisin(10)The purpose of the passage is toA. make a comparison of Americans’working hours with those of Europeans’B. make an analysis of the factors behind Americans’ longer working hourC. criticize the economists’explanations for Americans’longer working hourD. prove what Oscar Wilde said is especially true about American worker(11)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A><Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(12)As the story proceeds．March begins to feel under the spell ofA. the lighB. the treeC. the nighD. the fo(13)Gradually March seems to be in a state ofA. blanknesB. imaginatioC. sadnesD. excitemen(14)At the end of the story，there seems to be a sense of between March and the fox．A. detachmentB. angerC. intimacyD. conflict(15)The passage creates an overall impression ofA. mysterB. horroC. livelinesD. contemp(16)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(17)According to the passage，Genoa is comparable to Seattle in thatA. they are both the meeting places of G8 leaderB. they are both worlfamous for the scenerC. they both suffered from massive protestD. they both saw demonstrations against climate chang(18)Which of the following is the G8 leaders’major concern?A. Their ridiculous images in GenoB. The number of protestors on the streetC. The real causes of international cooperatioD. The violent conflicts on the street(19)According to the passage，economic globalisation is paralleled byA. the emerging differences in the global protest movemenB. the disappearing differences in the global protest movemenC. the growing European concern about globalisatioD. the increase in the number of protester(20)According to the last paragraph，what is Brussels considering doing?A. Meeting in places difficult to reacB. Further repressing dissenC. Accepting the protesters’ agendD. Abandoning global meetingPART ⅢGENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)(1)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A>The 1920s in the United States has been described as a period ofA. culture revivaB. loss of purposC. development in science and technologD. material success and spiritual frustratio(2)The largest river in America isA. the Ohio RiveB. the ColumbiC. the Mississippi RiveD. the Colorad(3)In the year of that Columbus discovered the New World．A. 1492B. 1592C. 1591D. 1491(4)The first English permanent settlement in America was founded in 1607 inA. New MexicB. HawaiC. CaliforniD. Virgini(5)Mark Twain’s works are characterized by all the following EXCEPTA. sense of humoB. egotisC. jokeD. tall tale(6)Which of the following is a tragedy written by Shakespeare?A. HamleB. DFaustuC. FrankensteiD. Sense and Sensibilit(7)Sons and Lovers was written byA. George Bernard ShaB. LawrencC. Virginia WoolD. James Joyc(8)In semantic studies，refers to the inherent meaning of the linguistic form．A. senseB. synonymC. homonymD. reference(9)The duality of the language isA. letters and soundB. sounds and symbolC. symbols and meaninD. sounds and meanin(10)Of all the speech organs，theis/are the most flexible．A. lipsB. mouthC. tongueD. vocal cordsPART ⅣPROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15MIN)(1)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(2)根据材料，请在（2）处填上最佳答案。
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2004年英语专业八级翻译真题
在人际关系问题上我们不要太浪漫主义。
人是很有趣的，往往在接触一个人时首先看到的都是他或她的优点。
这一点颇像是在餐馆里用餐的经验。
开始吃头盘或冷碟的时候，印象很好。
吃头两个主菜时，也是赞不绝口。
愈吃愈趋于冷静，吃完了这顿筵席，缺点就都找出来了。
于是转喜为怒，转赞美为责备挑剔，转首肯为摇头。
这是因为，第一，开始吃的时候你正处于饥饿状态，而饿了吃糠甜加蜜，饱了吃蜜也不甜。
第二，你初到一个餐馆，开始举筷时有新鲜感，新盖的茅房三天香，这也可以叫做“陌生化效应”。
we should not be too romantic in Interpersonal problems, Human beings are very interesting, often in contact with a person first to see his or her merits. This is like the experience of dining in a restaurant. Began to eat the head plate or cold plate, it will give our a very good impression. To eat the main course of the first two is also full of praise. More and eat more tend to calm, eating up the banquet drawback to find out.Then happiness turns to anger, blame for the switch to critical praise, and your approval into disapproval. This is because, first, began to eat when you are suffering from hunger,and hunger chaff tastes sweet as honey, eat honey is not sweet. Second, you first arrived in a restaurant, began to lift the chopsticks fresh, newly built latrine three days fragrant. This can also be called "defamiliarization effect".
2012年英语专业八级翻译真题
Translate the part in bold.
In some cases, intelligent people implementing intelligent policies are responsible for producing a "boomerang effect"; they actually create more of whatever it is they seek to reduce in the first place.
The boomerang effect has been achieved many times in recent years by men and women of goodwill. State legislatures around the nation have recently raised the drinking age back to 21 in an effort to reduce the prevalence of violent deaths among our young people.
But such policies seem instead to have created the conditions for even more campus violence. Some college students who previously drank in bars and lounges under the watchful supervision of bouncers (not to mention owners eager to keep their liquor licenses) now retreat to the sanctuary of their fraternity houses and apartments, where they no longer control their behaviour - or their drinking. The boomerang effect has also played a role in attempts to reduce the availability of illicit drugs. During recent years, the federal government has been quite successful in reducing the supply of street drugs. As fields are burned and contraband confiscated, the price of street drugs has
skyrocketed to a point where cheap altenatives have begun to compete in the marketplace. Unfortunately, the cheap alternatives are even more harmful than the illicit drugs they replace.
但这些政策似乎反而为校园暴力更创造了条件。
一些大学生以前在酒吧和休息室里求醉，在保安严密的监管下。
酒吧老板为了保住他的酒牌也不希望闹事。
现在大学生们都躲到他们的避难所和公寓里，在那里他们不用受人控制行为和酗酒。
在尝试去减少违法毒品的使用上自食其果也扮演了一个角色。
在最近几年，联邦政府已经非常成功地减少了街头毒品的供应。
由于违禁品的烧毁和没收，街头毒品的价格急剧暴涨，在市场上便宜的代替品开始有了竞争。
不幸的是，那些便宜的代替品甚至比他们取代的违法毒品还更加的有害。