基于MPPT控制的光伏发电系统设计_本科毕业设计(论文)

本科毕业设计论文

基于MPPT控制的独立光伏发电系统设计

摘要

随着时代的发展，人类对能源的需求越来越多，新能源开发是解决能源问题的根本途径，而太阳能光伏发电正是新能源和可再生能源的重要组成部分。

本文主要研究独立光伏发电系统，它有着相当广泛的应用。独立光伏系统主要包括了光伏电池、蓄电池组、充电器和逆变器四个组成部分，本文对独立光伏系统中的最大功率点跟踪进行深入研究。本文利用光伏电池的数学模型和等效电路，在MATLAB/Simulink中建立了光伏电池的仿真模型，得到了与实际光伏电池输出特性一致的仿真曲线，为进一步研究最大功率点跟踪打下了基础。最大功率点跟踪的方法有很多，但是应用最为广泛的是扰动观察法和电导增量法，本文对自适应占空比干扰法进行了详细的分析，给出了算法设计，并建立了光伏电池的仿真模型对算法进行了仿真，仿真结果验证了算法设计的正确。

关键词：独立光伏系统，光伏电池，最大功率点跟踪

The Design of Independent Photovoltaic Power Generation System Based on MPPT Control

ABSTRACT

With the development of economics and technology, more and more energy is required. Researching and developing new energy is the radical method to resolve the energy problem, and the solar energy is the important composing of the new energy and the renewable energy.

Research on the stand-alone photovoltaic system is the main content of this thesis. There is very comprehensive application for the stand-alone photovoltaic system. The stand-alone photovoltaic system is composed of the solar cell, storage battery, charger and inverter. Several key techniques, for instance , the MPPT(Maximum Power Point Tracking) are deeply studied in this thesis. Base on the mathematical model and the equivalent circuit, the solar cell simulation model in MATLAB/Simulink is built in order to research the MPPT, and the curve which is in accordance with the actual solar cell is attained. This work built the base for the further research on MPPT. There are many methods for MPPT, but the P&O(Perturb and Observe) method and the C.I. (Conductance incremental) method are applied most extensively, and these two methods are analyzed in detail. The algorithmic designs of the P&O method and the C.I. method are given in this thesis, and the algorithmic designs are simulated with the model of the solar cell in MATLAB/Simulink, and the result of simulation validated the correctness of the design of the two algorithms. Besides, take the P&O for instance, the factors which can affect the quality of the MPPT are discussed.

KEY WORDS:Stand-alone photovoltaic system,Solar cell,MPPT

目录

前言 (1)

第1章绪论 (2)

1.1 发展光伏发电的意义 (2)

1.1.1 保护气候和改善环境 (2)

1.1.2 节省空间 (3)

1.1.3 增加就业 (3)

1.1.4 提供农村电力 (3)

1.1.5 中国的特殊需求 (4)

1.2 国内外光伏产业的发展及趋势 (4)

1.2.1 世界光伏产业发展的现状和趋势 (4)

1.2.2 国内光伏产业发展现状和趋势 (5)

第2章光伏发电系统 (6)

2.1 光伏发电系统的基本组成 (6)

2.2 带有最大功率跟踪功能的光伏发电系统的基本组成 (6)

第3章光伏阵列特性及其仿真模型的研究 (8)

3.1 光伏电池的工作原理 (8)

3.2 光伏电池等效电路分析 (9)

3.3 光伏阵列的Simulink模型 (12)

第4章光伏阵列最大功率点跟踪算法的研究 (18)

4.1 光伏系统最大功率跟踪的原理 (18)

4.2 最大功率跟踪点方法概述 (19)

4.3 DC/DC变换电路实现MPPT的原理 (27)

4.3.1 Boost变换电路 (28)

4.3.2 Boost电路实现光伏阵列MPPT的仿真模型 (30)

4.4 自适应占空比干扰观察法 (35)

4.4.1 占空比干扰观察法的提出 (35)

4.4.2 自适应控制技术介绍 (36)

4.4.3 基于自适应控制思想的MPPT方法 (36)