常见的化工词汇中英文对照剖析

工艺流程

连续过程continuous process 间歇过程batch process

工艺叙述process description 工艺特点process feature

操作operation

反应reaction

副反应side reaction

絮凝flocculation

浮洗flotation

倾析decantation

催化反应catalytical reaction 萃取extraction

中和neutralization

水解hydrolysis

过滤filtration

干燥drying

还原reduction

氧化oxidation

氢化hydrogenation

分解decomposition

离解dissociation

合成synthetics

吸收absorption

吸附adsorption

解吸desorption

结晶crystallization

溶解solution

调节modulate

控制control

悬浮suspension

循环circulation

再生regeneration

再活化reactivation

沥取leaching

破碎crushing

煅烧caloination

沉降sedimentation

沉淀precipitation

气化gasification

冷冻refrigeration

固化、结晶solidification

包装package

升华sublimation 燃烧combustion

引烧ignition

蒸馏distillation

碳化carbonization

压缩compression

化学物质及特性

固体solid

液体liquid

气体gas

化合物compound

混合物mixture

粉powder

片状粉未flake

小粒granule

结晶crystal

乳化物emulsion

氧化物oxidizing agent

还原剂reducing agent

有机物organic material

真空vacuum

母液master liquor

富液rich liquor

贫液lean liquor

萃出物extract

萃余物raffinate

絮凝剂flocculants

冷冻盐水brine

酸度acidity

浓度concentration

碱度alkalinity

溶解度solubility

凝固点solidificalion point 沸点boiling point

熔点melting point

蒸发率evaporation rate

粘度viscosity

吸水的water absorbent(a) 无水的anhydrous(a)

外观appearance

无色的colorless(a)

透明的transparent(a)

半透明的translucent

密度density

比重specific gravity

催化剂catalyst

燃烧combustion

引燃ignition

自然点self-ignition temperature

可燃气体combustible gas

可燃液体inflammable liquid

易燃液体volatile liquid

爆炸混合物explosive mixture

爆炸性环境explosive atmosphere(environment) 爆炸极限explosive concentration limit

废水waste water

废液waste liquid

废气off-gas

噪声noise pollution

成分composition

挠度deflection

力和力矩force and moment

弯矩bending moment

应力-应变曲线stress-strain diagram

百分比percentage

环境温度ambient temperature

工作温度operating

设计温度design temperature(pressure)

相对湿度RH=relative humidity

油渣、淤泥sludge

杂质impurity

化工设备

泵pump

轴流泵axial flow pump

真空泵vacuum pump

屏蔽泵canned pump

柱塞泵plunger pump

涡轮泵turbine pump

涡流泵vortex pump

离心泵centrifugal pump

喷射泵jet pump

转子泵rotary pump

管道泵inline pump

双作用往复泵double action reciprocating pump 计量泵metering pump

深井泵deep well pump

齿轮泵gear pump 手摇泵hand(wobble) pump

螺杆泵screw (spiral) pump

潜水泵submersible pump

斜转子泵inclined rotor pump

封闭式电磁泵hermetically sealed magnetic drive pump

气升泵air-lift-pump

轴承bearing

叶轮impeller

虹吸管siphon

高压容器high pressure vessel

焚化炉incinerator

火焰清除器flame arrester

工业炉furnace

烧嘴burner

锅炉boiler

回转窑rotary kiln

加热器heater

电加热器electric heater

冷却器cooler

冷凝器condenser

换热器heat exchanger

反应器reactor

蒸馏釜still

搅拌器agitator

混合器mixer

静态混合器static mixers

管道混合器line mixers

混合槽mixing tanks

破碎机crusher

磨碎机grinder

研磨机pulverizer

球磨机ballmill

过滤器filter

分离器separator

干燥器drier

翅片fins

烟囱stack

火炬flare

筛子screen

煅烧窑calciner

倾析器decanter

蒸发器evaporator

再沸器reboiler