工程英语中翻英作业参考答案

第一课（第9页）

2.汉翻英

1. 机械工业用于制造产品的材料，可以分为金属材料、聚合物、陶瓷和复合材料。

The materials used for manufacturing products can be divided into four categories: metallics, polymerics, ceramics and composites.

2. 金属可以分为有色金属和黑色金属。

Metallics can be classified into non-ferrous and ferrous metallics.

3. 塑料可以分为热固性塑料和热塑性塑料。

Plastics cab be grouped into thermosets(thermosetting plastics) and thermoplastics.

4. 复合材料可以由两种或两种以上性质不同的材料组合，保留各自的特点，得到单一材料无法比拟的、优越的综合性能。

A composite consists of two more kinds of different materials, with each material keeping its own property, to get the superior synthetical (combined) performance which is unparalled (unmatched) by that of the individual material.

5. 当其所处的工作环境变化时，智能材料能改变其性能、颜色和形状等。

An intelligent material can change its property, color, shape and so on when its working environment changes.

第二课（第17页）

2. 汉翻英

1. 材料的特性可分为物理特性和化学特性两大类。

The properties of a material can be divided into two main groups: physical and chemical property.

2. 塑性材料在拉伸载荷的作用下应力达到屈服强度时，产生塑性变形。

When the stress of a material under the action of tensile load reaches yield strength, it will produce plastic deformation.

3. 除软钢等材料有明显的屈服点外，合金钢和有色合金等塑性材料无明显的屈服点。

Except that materials such as mild steel have obvious yielding point, plastic materials such as alloy steel and non-ferrous alloys have no obvious yielding point.

4. 脆性材料拉伸时，以抗拉强度为极限应力，压缩时以抗压强度为极限应力。

When a brittle material is stretched, the tensile strength is used as its ultimate stress, and when the material is compressed, compressive strength is used as its ultimate stress.

5. 蠕变是指材料在恒定温度和恒定应力的长期作用下，随着时间的延长会缓慢的发生塑性变形的现象。

Creep is referred to the phenomena that under the long-time action of constant temperature and load, the material will slowly produce plastic deformation with the extension of time.

第五课（第39页）

2. 汉翻英

1. 将金属从矿石中分离出来的过程叫冶炼。

The process in which metal is separated from ore is called smelting.

2. 几乎所有的黑色金属中都含有碳。

Almost all the ferrous metallics contain carbon.

3. 影响铸件质量的因素很多。

The factors that affect the quality of a casting are numerous.

4. 通常认为金属铸造是艺术与科学的结合。

It is usually believed that metal casting is a combination of art and science.

5. 熔模铸造具有很多独特的优点。

Investment casting has many peculiar advantages.

第六课（第45页）

2. 汉翻英

1. 今天，在锻造工艺中，金属的成形并非总是采用加热和锻打的方法。

Today，in forging process, metal forming does not always use the method of heating and hammering.

2. 液压机锻锤被广泛地用于锻造工艺中。

Hydraulic presses and the hammer are widely used in forging process.

3. 随着锻造技术的进步，许多以前认为不可能锻的材料现在也可通过常规锻造工艺进行加工。

With the development of forging technology, many materials which was believed that it was impossible to be forged can now be forged with the regular forging process.

4. 锻造就是要使金属材料变形为所需要的形状，而不同的材料对外界所施加的变形力的反应极不相同。

The purpose of forging is to make the shape of metal to be changed into what is needed, and the responses of different materials to the deforming force exerted by outsides are extremely different.

5. 锻造设备的行为是锻造技术发展的一个重要课题，因为它直接影响着锻造工艺的效果。

The behavior of forging equipments is an important topic in the development of forging technology, because it directly influences the effects of forging process.

第九课

2．汉翻英

1．螺杆用来传递运动和力。

Screw threads are used to transmit motion and force.

2.铆接既可以是搭接也可以是对接。

Rivet joints can be either a lap or a butt joint.

3. 焊接残余应力是由于热膨胀和收缩不均匀产生的。

Welding residual stress is produced by the uneven thermal expansion or contraction

4.在焊接设计时，要考虑安全因素。

Safety factors should be considered in welding design.

5. 胶接连接的强度取决于树脂对金属表面的粘附力和树脂本身分子之间的结合力。

The strength of adhesive joint is determined by the adhesion of the resin to the metal surfaces, and the cohesion between the molecules of the resin itself.

第十课

2．汉翻英

1．带传动和链传动联接两个或多个轴来传递旋转运动和运动。

Belt and chain are used to connect two or more shafts for transmission of rotation and power.