外文翻译 ---多层住宅建筑给排水设计的几个问题

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多层住宅建筑给排水设计的几个问题

多层住宅建筑给排水设计的几个问题摘要：本文就多层住所修建给排水描绘中给水管材的选用，管道的敷设办法，水表出户设置，家用热水器的设置及空调冷凝水排放等疑问进行讨论，并提出一些详细观点。

关键字：多层住所给水管材管道敷设水表太阳能热水器多层住所以其配套设备简略，造价低，物业办理便利等特色，很受中小城市房地产开发商和广阔居民的欢送。

怎么按2000年小康住所科技产业工程寓居区计划描绘导则的需求，进步住所的描绘水平，为每个住户营建出一个舒服的日子空间，是每个描绘人员的职责所在。

作为住所的心脏――厨房、清洗间，是功用杂乱，清洗、安全和舒服度需求高，营建冗杂，技能需求高的空间。

因而，描绘人员有必要以全体描绘的观念和办法，归纳思考厨房、清洗间给排水管道和设备的装置等。

下面就多层住所给排水描绘中给水管材的选用、管道的敷设、水表出户设置、家用热水器的设置和空调冷凝水排放等疑问与同行们一同讨论。

（一）给水管材选用疑问传统的给水管材通常选用镀锌钢管，因为镀锌钢管易锈蚀，运用寿命短，用于运送日子用水不能满意水质清洗标准等缺陷，建设部正大力推行塑料给水管的运用。

许多地市已明文规定：制止描绘运用镀锌钢管，推行运用塑料给水管。

塑料给水管与金属管道比拟，具有重量轻，耐压强度好，运送液体阻力小，耐化学腐蚀功用强，装置便利，省钢节能，运用寿命长等长处。

给水用塑料管道首要有：硬聚氯乙烯（PVC －U）、高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）、交联聚乙烯（PEX）、改性聚丙烯（PP－R ，PP－C）、聚丁烯（PB）、铝塑复合管（PE－AL－PE，PEX－AL－PEX）和钢塑复合管等。

下表是几种修建给水管材功用的比拟。

管材功用长处缺陷长期运用温度短期运用温度硬聚氯乙烯管（PVC－U）抗腐蚀能力强，质地坚固，施工简洁有UPVC单体和添加剂渗出，管接头粘合技能需求高，固化时间长≤400C――改性聚丙烯（EN-US）PP －R，PP－C）耐温功用好，抗蠕变功用好，施工简洁只有用金属管件衔接；水流部分水头丢失大，不能收回重复运用900C950C铝塑复合管（PEX－AL－PEX）耐温功用好，保温功用好（EN-US）在平等压力和介质温度的条件下，管壁最厚，选用热熔衔接，需用专门衔接东西≤600C≤900C铝塑复合管（PE－AL－PE）易曲折成形，彻底消防氧浸透，线膨胀系数小，施工简洁管壁厚薄不均匀，管路衔接选用铜管件，水流部分水头丢失大≤400C――注：1）长期运用温度系指管道在此温度规模内运用寿命达30～50年2）短期运用温度系指管道在此温度规模运用寿命达10～20年管材的挑选是经济技能的比拟进程，技能上应从压力、温度、运用环境、装置办法等方面进行思考，一起联系业主的需求和住所的层次，进行经济技能归纳思考后断定。

浅谈建筑给排水施工中的常见问题及解决(中英文互译)

Discussion on building water supply and drainage construction of commonproblems and Solutions浅谈建筑给排水施工中的常见问题及解决孙峰Abstract:Building water supply and drainage construction quality directly affects the building use function. In this paper, combined with the supervision of water supply and drainage engineering practice, for building water supply and drainage of common problems in construction were summarized and analyzed.Key words: building water supply and drainage construction qualityOur country national economy actual strength increases ceaselessly, construction industry develops rapidly, and constantly improve the level of overall construction of buildings. Construction equipment perfection degree and design level is the embodiment of building construction quality and an important symbol of modernization level, inside of the building water supply and drainage engineering is an important part of construction equipment, its technical level and advanced directly affects the using function of building, and people life, health, the environment, security. With the improvement of people's living standard, people in addition to the building safety, durability and economy have certain requirements, at the same time on the construction of the comfort, use requirements are also more attention, especially for the residential building energy saving and new energy utilization, Chuwei technology, pipeline technology, environment and security technology etc have higher requirements, these requirements in addition to the design and materials, equipment selection, construction greatly need assurance of installation quality. The quality of construction quality, directly affects the normal operation of the building water supply and drainage system. China's economic construction and development, various types of residential lots, building water supply and drainage technology of rapid development. However, with the increase of water supply and drainage engineering, also appeared some problems needed to be paid attention to, if not handled properly, will give householder brings a lot of unnecessary trouble. Therefore, the study on how to avoid water supply and drainage construction problems easy to occur is verynecessary. In the actual construction of water supply and drainage engineering construction, except in the raw materials and so on the objective factor to control the quality of water supply and sewerage works, improve employees' professional level, in strict accordance with the rules and regulations, standard operation, can be less problems, control of water supply and drainage project construction quality. Due to the level of management of construction enterprises, construction of personnel quality, building water supply and drainage construction quality is put in very big difference. Here in the construction process should pay attention to the problem is discussed:1 Living water supply systemAt present construction is widely used in aluminum-plastic composite pipe and polypropylene random copolymerization polypropylene ( PP - R ) tube. Plastic pipe has the advantages of light weight, no rust, scale, manufacturing, low energy consumption, smooth inner wall, hydraulic condition is superior, quality health, no pipeline two pollution, low labor intensity, saving installation of comprehensive construction cost advantages. PP - R water pipe connecting method is the use of fusion welding, aluminum-plastic composite pipe made of copper connection. The former applies for surface mounting, the latter applies to the dark. But there are some problems in the construction of which need special attention.(1) In the vertical tube lead-out branch tube three through parts arranged at the supporting point, the intermediate support is still in accordance with the provisions set. In the installation of pipelines should be considered in the pipeline of linear expansion, PP - R plastic water supply pipe expansion coefficient than the metal tube, wall concealed piping due to wall finally with cement mortar cement mortar filling pipeline, friction and plastic pipe special good creep effect, so that the shaft extension into radial change, therefore, block wall pipeline, can be considered linear expansion. For the pipeline, when the distance is longer, should consider adopting a telescopic device and the angle of natural compensation(2) Outdoor installed plastic water supply pipe must have reliable shading or heat preservation measures, through the pipeline settlement joints for compensating treatment. Because plastic pipe anti aging performance have certain limit, when exposed to install, long-term sun exposure can accelerate aging of plastic material, it should be considered to take effective shading or insulation measures. In addition the pipeline settlement joints shall be taken compensation measures, or easy to make pipeline rupture, appeared the phenomenonof water leakage(3)In the kitchen, Wei bovine apparatus for concentrating bathrooms, should adopt the water separator. Using plastic tube as a cold, hot water pipe concealed in floor slab of concrete in plastic pipe, due to the linear expansion coefficient of metal pipe to relatively large, because the water temperature or the ambient temperature changes, the expansion and contraction of the length change of large value. For branch pipe or pipe joint pipe, the higher chance of leakage. Water separator is a kind of multiple branch joint water distribution, it uses multiple unidirectional cloth tube, each a water distribution pipe through the water and sanitary ware and the tap connection, to reduce or cancel the concealed pipes used in branch pipe or pipe joint.(4) pipeline crossing roof slab should be set casing, through the roof should be used when the metal casing, height must meet the standard requirements. The casing and the cracks without perfusion of fine stone concrete, shall not use the asphalt in Yau Ma Tei wire packing seal. Otherwise, if the floor area of water sewage easily along the pipe wall infiltration into the submucosa.(5) the role of automatic exhaust valve. In no time delay self-closing valve of the squat toilet building water supply system, such as schools, hotels, office buildings and other force in water supply pipe system, if the top with self-closing valve can well control the flow of water, but not very good control of airflow. When the system is cut off, water pipes often accumulate a large amount of air. System after water supply pipe, air may be compressed to the tube at the top of water to form a compressed air zone. When someone is pressed delay self-closing valve button, then the compressed air with water gushing out of the closet, often within the dirt blowing to above ground, even spilled onto the clothes closet.2 Drainage system(1)The UPVC pipe wall is white, very susceptible to pollution, so the use of the process should pay attention to protection, in the pipeline in place should be promptly after the plastic packaging bag, to be removed after the completion of the project.(2) Drainage pipe out door horizontal pipe and vertical pipe connection should be used when the two45. Elbow instead of90. Elbow, which is beneficial to the drainage. There are also some engineering design for the three plus examination export method. In some projects, product quality, leading to the three links are often damaged, inconvenient repair. So in thevertical pipe and main pipe is connected with the fixed support, parts. Vertical pipe through floor roof should be fixed as supporting points, and with sheath.(3) In the legislative branch, floor, to do the protection work. For UPVC tube light weight, should be timely plugging holes in floors, planted bracket. There are a number of projects, because there was no time to fill the hole plugging holes, civil engineering, causing destruction and pipeline slope and verticality of affected. The correct approach is to stand pipe after completion of construction, straightening and planted bracket, with a good fine stone concrete plugging hole. Branch floor, planted set hanger and plugging holes. Because the floor, floor drain and the straight tube exposed to the ground, easily damaged, precautions should be taken. The specific approach is: in the floor drain and the straight tube around the100arm UPVC tube saw small short circle in the floor drain and straight around, with a fine stone concrete protection, height of not more than civil screed. For ease of maintenance, pipe water trap should be above the floor slab, for apparatus with water storing bend. Because the UPVC pipeline is light weight, thin tube wall, should pay attention to using a muffler noise reduction function fitting.(4)Installed to meet the requirements. The interior floor is mounted high above the surface, will cause the water leakage is too low, on the ground to form a pit, affect the surface clean and inconvenience in walking.(5)Air nozzle shall be located in a building ( such as eaves cornice took part, balcony and canopy ) above, otherwise cause odor accumulation. In accordance with the relevant standard requirements, the people often activity of roof, roof vent pipe extends the height of not less than 2m, and try to set bracket.(6)High-rise building in the UPVC ~ B pipe, without taking the measures to prevent fire from spreading. According to the" hard vinyl chloride building drainage pipeline engineering" ( cJJ / T29 - 98) Regulations: high-rise buildings indoor drainage pipelines that apply settings and big diameter or equal to 11Omm, in vertical pipe through the floor should be set to fire the casing or fire blocking ring, to prevent the fire spreading to the upper layer through a pipeline.(7)The floor drain and trap with. No provisions for floor drain must set up a trap, but it can affect users. The general water supply and drainage standard atlas will take seal circular bell type floor drain to a, B, C, Ding Si, although the standard of water seal section height to makespecific provision, but there is a water storage, water due to water evaporation and destroyed. Manufacture and installation and often fails to meet the design requirements. All indoor undertake a fecal sewage drainage floor drain, shall be set the trap, this can effectively prevent odor phenomenon.(8) Sewage emergency discharge tube. For kitchen and toilet adjacent residential, kitchen, toilet is if separate drainage system, is straight at the bottom of two system for emergency discharge unicom. The correct approach is to lead a floor drain from the kitchen and toilet pipe or by a toilet to kitchen pipe system. Its purpose is to once - side discharge pipe suddenly jam, still discharge sewage overflows when the ground floor drain into another system from the outside, but not to the other indoor room large area sewage soaks inundates.3 Fire water supply system(1) The design of automatic sprinkler system for pipeline connection made the trench should be used to clamp connections, or wire joint, flange connection. The current widespread use of the automatic sprinkler system, generally with galvanized steel pipe galvanized pipe, and larger in diameter than the5Omm, pipe parts of poor quality, construction difficulty. Diameter of1OOmm welding work, will destroy the galvanized layer, causing the two galvanized, the effect is not ideal. As the hoop connection parts, to avoid the above problem, and the construction is simple, without welding, and the grooves can be precast. Now the groove type clamps connecting piece is stereotypes products, mature technology, spare parts complete, quality assurance. When the proposed pipeline diameter is larger than 50mm, the groove type clamps connecting piece.(2) As the applicator interface diameter is 15mm, so some construction spaces using15ram galvanized steel pipe small vertical tube connected with the nozzle, effects of fire extinguishing water ability, should adopt the25mm diameter pipe with different diameter pipe hoop. Some engineering support, support installation is not standardized, not according to the specified distance setting, defenseless and Akira bracket, directly affect water effect, should be strictly in accordance with the relevant standard, set Branch hanger.(3) Network to carry out maintenance and leakage test of strength test is performed in two steps. Some construction unit only to the network leakage test or test the pressure does not meet the requirements of design and codes, this will give the normal operation of the system brings hidden trouble.(4) Banned the use of plastic water supply pipe for fire water supply pipe, or in a building plastic water supply pipeline and fire water supply pipeline. Because plastic pipe heating after reduced intensity, fire will cause the pipeline damage, will not play the role of fire water supply. Plastic water supply pipe and fire pipes, fire, damage to the plastic pipe, easy leakage, there is no guarantee that a fire water and hydraulic pressure.(5) Must be in conformity with the requirements of fire hydrant installation. Some concealed in brick wall of fire hydrant boxes above the hole without lintel, by loading body is deformed, causing the box door is open. In addition the construction of some units to randomly change the fire hydrant at the end position of a preformed hole, and welding and cutting hole, leading to the installation, hydrant mouth can not be with the wall into 45or 90degree angle; or with the surrounding distance is too small, causing the fire hose cannot be installed to a fire hydrant or the tape to form bending effect of water.4 Water supply and drainage noise solutionIn addition to the requirements of water supply and drainage pipe and equipment layout should be consistent and building structure, water supply and drainage noise reduction. During construction, attention to details, can effectively reduce the noise generation.(1) In order to reduce the water hammer occurrence possibility, the outlet valve Shuizui and not using the rapid opening and closing of the water supply fittings.(2) In order to reduce the flow induced vibration noise, according to the condition of the water supply pipe and selection of density of sanitary ware, and according to the standard setting of pipe support and hanger. Different pipes with different support spacing requirements; design pipeline fixing bracket, also should consider from pipeline temperature changes caused by the expansion and contraction force.(3) To reduce the cavitation noise of ascending and descending pipe, for heating system of water distribution pipe top and to elevation of the pipe section should be equipped with automatic exhaust valve; downfeed system can use the highest water distribution point when a branch is deflated splitting meter, in the water vertical tube top with automatic exhaust valve.(4) Drainage system reduces the vertical pipe and horizontal branch connection angle, or a branch connecting the upper part special parts, reduce the horizontal branch pipe to water flow, to avoid the water jump phenomenon, thereby reducing the drainage noise.(5) Drainage pipe and drainage standpipe connection should be45 degrees,60 degreeselbow, three links, or set up a special accessories. Connections of the elbow should be composed of 2to 45 degrees elbow, and shall be on the elbows set supporting pier or bracket. In this way, can slow down the drain pipe and the drain pipe of the water flow in the water flow and vertical draining pipe wall impact noise.(6) To increase the horizontal trunk pipe and vertical pipe and horizontal trunk pipe connecting bend radius of curvature, or installed with reduced height of hydraulic jump, stable drainage pipe pressure function lower special accessories, to improve the horizontal trunk pipe drainage condition.5 Conclusion:Living, live as the mankind indispensable material conditions, is restricted by social productivity, at the same time, is also the social productivity development level indicates one of. From the initial human ancestor looking for natural caves and trees do sacrifice body are today a multi-storey and high-rise residential buildings and supporting a full range of public facilities of residential area, residential construction technology, marked the social productive forces to a new level. Today, our life has stridden to well-off, residential construction quality, indoor and outdoor environment improvement, so that our country's housing situation in recent years have varying degrees of change. In residential construction, although our country starts later, but the government has pledged, formulate corresponding policies, government departments to organize and mobilize all aspects involved in residential development plan, planning, design, construction and management. No doubt, this is a huge task, need government, the construction industry and the vast majority of the practitioners, down-to-earth to make unremitting efforts. Upgrade and improvement of our people 's living environment and living conditions. With the water supply and drainage pipe of continuous improvement, we should constantly sum up the design and installation of the experience lesson in the process, improve the general level of the installation. Professional supervision engineer shall be in this play a greater role in the. In the new century, building water supply and drainage will shoulder the historical responsibility, facing new challenges. Building water supply and drainage will be more prominent in the people-oriented principle, and will focus on the adjustment to the civil and industrial construction to pay equal attention to both, public buildings and residential buildings, water supply and water supply and water, water pressure, and water quality to pay equal attention to, direction, into a comprehensive, balanced,practical, safe development road.References[1] Li Wenqing, Shao Zhuang. Building fire water supply and some problems in construction. Heilongjiang water conservancy science and technology,2006(4).[2] Chen Zhentie. Building water supply and drainage specialty on the coordination [J ]. Water supply and drainage, l996(11).[3] king growth. Building water supply and sewerage engineering ( Fifth Edition ) [ M]. Beijing: China Building Industry Press,2005[4] GBJ242 82heating and sanitary engineering code for construction and acceptance of.[5] CJJ / T29 - 98building drainage pipeline project technical specification of hard vinyl chloride.[6] GB5026l96automatic sprinkler systems code for construction and acceptance of.浅谈建筑给排水施工中的常见问题及解决孙峰摘要：建筑给排水施工质量的好坏直接影响建筑物的使用。

住宅给排水设计应注意的几个问题

住宅给排水设计应注意的几个问题住宅给排水设计应注意的几个问题随着城市化进程的不断推进，住宅建筑也在不断增多。

而在住宅建筑中，给排水系统的设计是至关重要的一环。

因此，在进行住宅给排水设计时，需要注意以下几个问题。

一、地形与环境在进行住宅给排水设计时，首先需要考虑的是地形和环境。

地形和环境的不同会对给排水系统造成不同的影响。

例如，在山区或丘陵地带，由于地势高差较大，所以需要考虑管道斜度和泵站等设施；而在海滨或沿江沿海地区，由于海拔较低，所以需要考虑防潮、防汛等措施。

二、户型与人口在进行住宅给排水设计时，还需要考虑户型和人口数量。

不同户型和人口数量会对给排水系统造成不同的影响。

例如，在大型公寓或高层建筑中，人口密度较大，会产生大量污水；而在小区或别墅区中，则相对较少。

因此，在进行住宅给排水设计时，需要根据实际情况合理规划管道数量和容量。

三、管道材质在进行住宅给排水设计时，还需要考虑管道材质。

不同的管道材质具有不同的特点和适用范围。

例如，PVC管道具有良好的耐腐蚀性和耐压性，适用于一般排水系统；而PPR管道则具有良好的耐高温性和耐压性，适用于热水供应系统。

因此，在进行住宅给排水设计时，需要根据实际情况选择合适的管道材质。

四、设备选型在进行住宅给排水设计时，还需要考虑设备选型。

不同的设备具有不同的功能和适用范围。

例如，污水泵站可以将污水输送到下游处理站点；而分流器可以将污水分流到不同处理系统中。

因此，在进行住宅给排水设计时，需要根据实际情况选择合适的设备。

五、安全与环保在进行住宅给排水设计时，还需要考虑安全与环保问题。

住宅给排水系统若出现故障或泄漏等问题，则会对居民生活造成严重影响，并且对环境造成污染。

因此，在进行住宅给排水设计时，需要考虑安全与环保因素，采取相应的措施确保系统运行安全、稳定和环保。

六、维护与管理在进行住宅给排水设计时，还需要考虑维护与管理问题。

住宅给排水系统需要定期进行检修和维护，以确保其正常运行。

多层住宅建筑给排水设计常见问题

多层住宅建筑给排水设计常见问题1、给排水管道敷设问题设计人员应改变上一层的卫生间管道在下一层楼板安装的旧做法；倡导本层的管道在本层越江输油管的原则（规范）：1）卫生间统合做成下沉式卫生间，按过去的老做法把下水管道统一布置在地坑内；2）卫生间地板两面不下沉，而使用后出水式坐便器，地漏采用侧墙式，洗脸盆、浴缸等喉管排水管道在地面以上敷设并与立管相接，厨房取消地漏或用侧墙式地漏，把洗菜池的排水管放在地面接入立管，这样做做可以使下水管道每层水平发展水平分隔开，如有漏水下陷则不影响下层住户，检修时也可以独户进行。

另外，建物设计时尽量把排水管立管设于建筑物内墙阴角，有条件的最好在卫生间内设置管道井。

这样做可以使室内卫生间、厨房水平与没有竖向均没有明管，空间宽敞、洁净，把污染源———污水隔绝在外，避免由于管道频繁穿越楼板引起上下层漏水的现象。

1.1给排水立管的敷设1）立管安装在厨房、卫生间的墙角处。

在以往的住宅设计中较多采用这种敷设方式，施工方便，但明露管道有碍居室美观，住户在二次装修铝制时大多会用轻质材料将其隐藏起来。

管道明装在室内时，应不影响厨房、卫生间各卫生设备功能的添加。

2）立管敷设在管道井内会。

这种型式居室洁净美观，但管道井挤占了卫生间的面积，且管道施工、维修较困难。

卫生间设立集中管道井，把给水管、排水管等管道都高度集中在管道井里布置，这是现代住宅厨房居住文明的重要体现。

1.2给水支管敷设1）一般住宅给水支管管路de≤40mm或dn≤32mm，小管径的塑料给水管呈弯曲状态，且热稳定性差，故住宅给水支管提倡改采埋墙暗设。

2）支管设在砖墙里。

施工时在外立面面开管槽，管槽宽度为管子外径de+20mm，深度为管子外径de；改采金属管件连接时，需加大管槽尺寸；管线直接嵌入管槽，并用管卡固定在管槽内。

3）小管径给水支管de≤20mm，可暗设在楼（地）面找平层里。

施工时在楼（地）板面上开管槽，槽宽为de+10mm，深为0.5de，管道细歧须嵌入管槽里，并用管卡顶板将管子固定在管槽内。

多层住宅建筑给排水设计的几个问题

多层住宅建筑给排水设计的几个问题摘要：本文就多层住宅建筑给排水设计中给水管材的选用，管道的敷设方式，水表出户设置，家用热水器的设置及空调冷凝水排放等问题进行探讨，并提出一些具体看法。

Abstract: this paper discussed some questions about selection of service pip laying methods,pipeline,water meter out of account settings,setting domestichot-water heater,and air-conditioning condensate emissions of ultilayer-WPM, and gave some specific advices.关键词：多层住宅给水管材管道敷设水表太阳能热水器Keyword: multilayer buildings, PPR, piping, water meter, solar water heater正文：多层住宅以其配套设施简单，造价低，物业管理方便等特点，很受中小城市房地产开发商和广大居民的欢迎。

如何按2000年小康住宅科技产业工程居住区规划设计导则的要求，提高住宅的设计水平，为每个住户营造出一个舒适的生活空间，是每个设计人员的职责所在。

作为住宅的心脏――厨房、卫生间，是功能复杂，卫生、安全和舒适度要求高，营造繁杂,技术要求高的空间。

因此，设计人员必须以整体设计的观念和方法，综合考虑厨房、卫生间给排水管道和设备的安装等。

下面就多层住宅给排水设计中给水管材的选用、管道的敷设、水表出户设置、家用热水器的设置和空调冷凝水排放等问题与同行们一起探讨。

（一）给水管材选用问题随着人们的生活质量不断提高,对自来水的水质要求也日趋提高。

据大量水质监测数据表明,导致管网水质恶化的主要原因是建筑物内供水管道采用传统的镀锌钢管的锈蚀所致。

住宅建筑给排水设计常见问题与解决对策研究

住宅建筑给排水设计常见问题与解决对策研究住宅建筑给排水设计是建筑工程中非常重要的一部分，它直接关系到居民日常生活的舒适度和安全性。

随着城市化和建筑规模的不断扩大，住宅建筑给排水设计所面临的问题也日益复杂和多样化。

本文将从常见的问题出发，探讨住宅建筑给排水设计的常见问题与解决对策，并提出一些建议，以期为相关从业人员和业主提供一些参考。

一、常见问题1. 设计不合理在住宅建筑给排水系统的设计中，常见的问题是设计不合理。

包括管道布置不当、坡度设计不合理、排水设备选择不当等。

这些问题往往会导致排水不畅、积水、漏水等情况的发生。

2. 管道堵塞管道堵塞是住宅建筑给排水系统中较为常见的问题。

主要原因包括管道设计不合理、使用寿命过长、杂物堵塞等。

3. 气味问题在住宅建筑中，由于管道设计不合理或者使用寿命过长，往往会出现气味问题。

这不仅会影响居民的生活品质，还可能对居民的健康造成影响。

4. 排水设备故障住宅建筑给排水系统中的排水设备，如下水道、马桶、浴缸等设备，经常会出现故障，影响正常使用。

5. 雨水排放不畅在住宅建筑中，雨水的排放问题也是比较常见的。

特别是在居民小区等大规模住宅区域，排水系统不畅通会导致雨水积聚，影响居民的生活和出行。

二、解决对策2. 定期清理管道为了避免管道堵塞问题，建议定期清理管道。

特别是在老旧住宅区，居民需要定期清理管道，清除堵塞物，保证排水通畅。

3. 安装排气装置为了解决气味问题，可以在设计中考虑好排气装置的设置。

而在实际使用时，也要保持排水系统的通风，及时清理管道，避免积水和杂物产生异味。

4. 定期维护排水设备为了避免排水设备故障，业主可以定期维护排水设备。

如定期检查下水道是否堵塞、水龙头是否漏水等，及时发现并解决问题。

5. 加强雨水排放设施建设为了避免雨水排放不畅的问题，建议在住宅区域进行雨水排放设施的加强建设。

包括改善排水系统，加大排水管道的规格，增加雨水排放口等。

三、建议1. 提高从业人员的专业水平为了提高住宅建筑给排水系统的设计水平和施工质量，建议加强从业人员的专业技能培训，提高其设计和施工水平。

建筑给排水工程设计外文翻译--水表设置

外文资料翻译On setting the metersetting the meter. Long-term since, our country residence water meter are arranged on the indoor kitchen or toilet water concentration, the water more and scattered residences, sometimes even a indoor set more than one meter. In recent years, water meter is arranged on the indoor and caused many problems cause the attention of people increasingly: Home meter reading disturbs people 's normal life and may lead to residential burglary, privacy and safety not guaranteed: management of meter reading meter reading is not easy and large labor intensity: individual user steals water management departments to prevent and punish and so on. Because of these problems, water production has become an inevitable choice. Therefore, the newly revised national standard ( code for design of building water supply"GBJ15--88article 2.5.8: residential building should be installed in household water meter, household water meter or household water meter digital display should be located outdoors. Meter households generally have the following ways: Household water meter concentrated in the roof ( water supply ) or the underlying space ( water supply ). This mode is often used for multi-stormy residential. In general a unit provided with a ladder of water meter water meter well ( box ), household water pipe along the interior tube or building wall into the indoor. The utility model has the advantages of convenient reading; reading, low labor intensity of workers, can avoid users water behavior. Disadvantages are: material consumption, head loss of pipeline, occupying larger space pipeline well, such as a wall is easy to affect the appearance of the building, the user branches not easy maintenance.Meter is arranged on the stair landing platform. Vertical water supply pipe is arranged on the platform, each provided with a water tank; the water meter box embedded platform resting on both sides of the wall. The utility model has the advantages of: user branches short, saving material, low head loss of pipeline, the shortcoming is: water dispersed settings, meter reading personnel of great labor intensity; usually indoor fire hydrant box is installed on a platform, so that the already crowded rest platform more cramped, traffic inconvenience to the residents.Each layer isMeter centralized meter room, household water meter on the wall. The utility model has the advantages of the same with B, the disadvantages are: household pipeline must follow the public walkway under floor into interior and corridors, ceiling requirements.Will be the traditional ordinary mechanical water meter changes for telemetering water meter or IC card intelligent water meter. Remote water meter accurate calculation without reading, this form must be a deposit a certain amount of water, will recharge after insertion of the IC card water meter reading can be water. Because the remote water meter and IC card table relatively expensive and technically still exist certain problems, hence in practice has not been widely applied.Above a few kinds of water-meter, each has its advantages and disadvantages, concrete in practical engineering design in which way, by the design staff according to residential properties, grades and local industry management department requirement.1.2water supply pipe arrangement and laying. At present, to build the house in one hutch two defend very general already, even with some houses one hutch three defend one hutch four defend, kitchen, toilet, the balcony, and each water using point locations are more dispersed. User branches to water points along the interior floor pipeline such as hanging, inevitable requirement set indoor ceiling, wall should also have the anti-condensation measures to bring inconvenience, household decoration, after all, not all tenants wanted to ceiling. ( the building water supply and drainage design specification ) GB15 2000(manuscript ) as specified in article 3.6.18, water supply pipe should be laid in the floor ( ground ) surface of the leveling layer or along the wall laying pipe groove, laying the leveling layer or the tube groove water supplying pipe outside diameter is less than 25mm. In fact, if connected to two or more than two water points, water supply branch pipe are connected together in series, the pipe diameter is more than 25mm. Therefore, in order to meet the specification requirements, water supply branch door after access water separator, a water segregator dark kitchen or bathroom wall, through the diversion device connected to each water using point branch pipe diameter can be controlled under 25mm. But it should be noted: a leveling layer water supply pipe after completion of construction, should be in the position to do the obvious markers, lest the household decoration, destruction of water supply pipeline.水表设置关于水表设置。

多层住宅建筑给排水设计问题探析

多层住宅建筑给排水设计问题探析1.多层住宅建筑给排水设计的常见问题1.1管道的噪音问题给排水的技术正在不断的发展，现在用的塑料管道取代了以前传统的铸铁式的排水管道，噪音方面，比较普通的UPVC的管道的材质比传统的铸铁要高十分贝左右，目前的排水立管和卧室的距离不能进行有效的分离，所以人们在居住的过程中很容易被排水管道的噪音打扰，下降了生活质量，在大户型之中，双卫设置已经成为潮流，卧室的排水管也逐渐成为了噪音隐患，所以在平面的布置过程中，对于卫生器具的布置必须要进行充分的考量，在管材的选择上，各个分户的水管选择要避免用水末端的噪音，其次，近几年也出现了静音效果比较好的排水管材料，效果比铸铁管的隔音更好。

1.2管线的渗漏以及堵塞问题对于管道的堵塞或者渗漏问题，是在给排水工程中出现的比较频繁的问题，对于管道的渗漏的原因主要有①管道的材质的问题，目前比较常用的镀锌钢管会常常出现弯头或者砂眼的现象，所以在设计的过程中必须要选择更加优质的材料来进行改进。

②关注环境的因素，管材的质量经常会因热胀冷缩而出现裂痕，所以在设计的过程中必须充分的考虑到环境条件。

关于管道的堵塞问题是主要是因为排放粪便的污水管的管径不够，设计员根据经验来设置管径而缺乏计算，故经常就会造成管道的排水不畅，出现堵塞现象。

1.3水表的设置问题目前，很多水表都是集中进行设置，统一的安放在每一层的公共位置之中，且每一个分户的水表要靠墙面来敷设，这样做虽然能够节省支管的材料的消耗，管道的水龙头也很小，但是经常会出现水表不准，管理不合理的问题，所以在设计之中必须要给予高度的重视，首先要在每一楼层设置独立的水表房，再次，将水表房和暖气的分户计量的管道相结合，然后设置好数据采集器。

1.4多层建筑的给水管的选材不当问题在给水管材的选择上在考虑经济性的同时还要注意各种管材的耐热性、安全卫生以及连接方式等问题，管材一般可以分为塑料管类、金属管类和复合管类。

一般塑料管比较适合于敷设，金属管的强度大，需要考虑管道的伸缩变形，管道的支架的数量很多，支架之间的间距比较小，和热源要有足够的距离。

多层住宅建筑给排水设计的几个问题

多层住宅建筑给排水设计的几个问题
随着城市化进程的不断推进，多层住宅建筑的建设量不断增加。

然而，在设计和施工的过程中，给排水系统是一个非常重要的问题，设计不良会给住宅楼的居民带来严重的不便和安全隐患。

因此，多层住宅建筑的给排水设计需要注意以下几个问题。

首先，为了保证住宅楼的居民的生活用水安全和便利，给水系统需要满足水质要求和供水稳定性。

在设计时，需要考虑到住宅楼的层数和负荷量，选择合适的水泵、水箱和配管，保证供水稳定。

同时，给水系统的管路应避免与污水管路交叉，以防止交叉感染。

其次，排水系统的设计也是多层住宅建筑的一个重要问题。

在设计时，需要考虑到住宅楼内的污水和雨水的排放问题。

污水和雨水需要分开收集并排放到相应的处理设施中。

为了避免污水管道出现堵塞、漏水等问题，排水管道需要保证斜率和口径合适，并设置相应的检查口和清洗口，以便检查和维护。

第三，多层住宅建筑的绿化和庭院设计也需要考虑到给排水系统的问题。

绿化和庭院需要合理设计雨水的排放和收集，以充分利用降雨资源，并减少排放过程中可能带来的环境污染。

最后，考虑到多层住宅建筑的层数较高，安全问题也需要重点考虑。

例如，消防水系统需要按照相关法规和标准进行设计和安装，并在平时进行定期维护和检查，以保证在发生火灾等紧急情况时消防水系统能够正常运行。

综上所述，多层住宅建筑的给排水设计需要充分考虑居民的生活用水需求、排放水质规范和验收要求、消防应急安全，并融入绿化和庭院设计中。

只有这样，才能确保多层住宅建筑的供排水系统能够高效、安全、可靠地运行，为居民创造一个舒适、健康的居住环境。

多层住宅建筑给排水设计的几个问题

多层住宅建筑给排水设计的几个问题乐启夏（福州铁路分局永安建筑段设计室 366000）提要本文就多层住宅建筑给排水设计中给水管材的选用，管道的敷设方式，水表出户设置，家用热水器的设置及空调冷凝水排放等问题进行探讨，并提出一些具体看法。

关键词多层住宅给水管材管道敷设水表太阳能热水器多层住宅以其配套设施简单，造价低，物业管理方便等特点，很受中小城市房地产开发商和广大居民的欢迎。

如何按"2000年小康住宅科技产业工程居住区规划设计导则"的要求，提高住宅的设计水平，为每个住户营造出一个舒适的生活空间，是每个设计人员的职责所在。

作为住宅的心脏――厨房、卫生间，是功能复杂，卫生、安全和舒适度要求高，营造繁杂,技术要求高的空间。

因此，设计人员必须以整体设计的观念和方法，综合考虑厨房、卫生间给排水管道和设备的安装等。

下面就多层住宅给排水设计中给水管材的选用、管道的敷设、水表出户设置、家用热水器的设置和空调冷凝水排放等问题与同行们一起探讨。

（一）给水管材选用问题传统的给水管材一般采用镀锌钢管，由于镀锌钢管易锈蚀，使用寿命短，用于输送生活用水不能满足水质卫生标准等缺点，建设部正大力推广塑料给水管的应用。

许多地市已明文规定：禁止设计使用镀锌钢管，推广使用塑料给水管。

塑料给水管与金属管道相比，具有重量轻，耐压强度好，输送液体阻力小，耐化学腐蚀性能强，安装方便，省钢节能，使用寿命长等优点。

给水用塑料管道主要有：硬聚氯乙烯（PVC－U）、高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）、交联聚乙烯（PEX）、改性聚丙烯（PP－R ，PP－C）、聚丁烯（PB）、铝塑复合管（PE－AL－PE，PEX－AL－PEX）和钢塑复合管等。

下表是几种建筑给水管材性能的比较。

管材性能优点缺点长期使用温度短期使用温度硬聚氯乙烯管（PVC－U）抗腐蚀能力强，质地坚硬，施工简便有UPVC单体和添加剂渗出，管接头粘合技术要求高，固化时间长≤400C ――改性聚丙烯（EN-US)PP－R，PP－C）耐温性能好，抗蠕变性能好，施工简便只有用金属管件连接；水流局部水头损失大，不能回收重复利用 900C 950C铝塑复合管(PEX－AL－PEX）耐温性能好，保温性能好(EN-US) 在同等压力和介质温度的条件下，管壁最厚，采用热熔连接，需用专门连接工具≤600C ≤900C 铝塑复合管(PE－AL－PE）易弯曲成形，完全消防氧渗透，线膨胀系数小，施工简便管壁厚薄不均匀，管路连接采用铜管件，水流局部水头损失大≤400C ――注：1）长期使用温度系指管道在此温度范围内使用寿命达30～50年2）短期使用温度系指管道在此温度范围使用寿命达10～20年管材的选择是经济技术的比较过程，技术上应从压力、温度、使用环境、安装方法等方面进行考虑，同时结合业主的要求和住宅的档次，进行经济技术综合考虑后确定。

建筑给排水设计施工常见问题及解决措施

建筑给排水设计施工常见问题及解决措施建筑给排水设计施工是建筑工程中一个非常重要的环节，它关乎到建筑物的使用功能和居住环境。

在建筑给排水设计施工中，常常会出现一些问题，这些问题会影响到建筑物的使用效果和安全性。

在实际的施工中，我们需要认真对待这些问题，并且采取有效的措施来解决它们，从而保证建筑物的质量和安全。

本文将针对建筑给排水设计施工中常见的问题进行分析，并提出解决措施，以期能够帮助从业人员更好地进行施工。

一、设计问题1.1 排水管道设计不合理在建筑给排水设计施工中，排水管道的设计是非常重要的，它直接关系到建筑物的排水效果和安全性。

在实际的设计中，常常会出现排水管道设计不合理的问题，比如管道走向不当，管径选择不适合等。

这些问题会导致建筑物排水效果不佳，甚至出现排水堵塞的情况。

解决措施：对于排水管道设计不合理的问题，我们需要及时进行调整和改善。

我们应该根据建筑物的实际情况重新设计排水管道的走向和布局，保证其合理、有效。

我们需要根据建筑物的使用情况选择合适的管径，确保排水管道能够满足建筑物的排水需求。

我们还需要加强对排水管道的施工管理，确保施工质量，避免出现质量问题。

1.3 排水设备选择不当二、施工问题2.1 施工工艺不到位建筑给排水设计施工的过程中，施工工艺是非常重要的。

在实际的施工中，常常会出现施工工艺不到位的问题，比如施工人员操作不规范，施工材料选择不当等。

这些问题会影响到建筑物的排水效果和施工质量。

解决措施：对于施工工艺不到位的问题，我们需要加强对施工过程的管理和监督。

我们应该加强对施工人员的培训和指导，确保他们掌握正确的施工技术和操作规范。

我们需要加强对施工材料的质量管理，确保选择合适的施工材料，避免出现施工质量问题。

2.2 施工质量不过关2.3 施工进度延误三、验收问题3.1 验收标准不清晰建筑给排水设计施工完成后，需要进行验收工作，确保建筑物的排水效果和质量。

在实际的验收工作中，常常会出现验收标准不清晰的问题，导致验收结果不确定。

中英文对照的建筑给排水设计说明

中英文对照的建筑给排水设计说明MECHANICAL PRELIMINARY DESIGN REPORTSTADIUM1.给排水设计饮用水和污水1.Sanitary DesignWater and sewage water.设计基础- 甲方提供的设计任务书和市政管网综合图- 建筑专业提供的条件图- 国家现行的设计规范及有关规定设计简章.Design basesDesign Brief and Municipal integrated network drawing offered by the client. Condition drawings from architectural discipline.Current national design codes and related stipulations2. 给水系统通过一根DN200的进水管将水引入.水表安装在进水管上,离红线1米处.供水管在红线内连成环路管网,并接到供应楼的消防水池和给排水水池.由环路管网向必需的室外消火栓和绿化带的喷淋器供水.2. Water supply systemFor water supply of this project, DN200 water intake pipes are led in. Water meters are installed on the intake pipes 1.0 m away from the red line. The water supply pipes are connected into loop networks in the red line and then led to the fire pool and sanitary water pool in the supply buildings respectively. Necessary number of outdoor hydrants and sprinklers for green area will be provided on the loop networks. 设计范围包括红线内的饮用水,污水,雨水,建筑消防.Design scopeDesign scope of this project includes water, sewage water, rainwater, fire-protection in the building, and water and sewage water within the red line. 给排水水池与消防水池分开,容量为100m3 .体操馆供水管埋地敷设.Sanitary water pool is separated from fire water pool, volume of sanitary water pool is 100m3. Water supply pipes for the stadium will be laid in the earth.3.用水量标准- 体育馆: 15升/顾客·日 K=2.0- 宾馆: 150升/人·日 K=2.0- 餐厅: 50升/顾客·日 K=2.0- 工作人员: 25升/人·日 K=2.0- 地面冲洗用水: 3升/m2日- 冷却塔补水量:按用水量的2%计- 未预见水量: 按日用水量20%计- 消防用水:消火栓:室内40升/秒,室外30升/秒,火灾延续时间为3小时;自动喷洒按22升/秒,火灾延续时间为1小时卷帘水幕用水0.5升/秒·米,火灾延续时间为3小时;Water consumption standard- Stadium: 15L/visitor·day K=2.0- Hotel: 150L/visitor·day K=2.0- Restaurant: 50L/customer·day K=2.0- Staff 25L/perso n·day K=2.0- Floor cleaning: 3L/m2·dayMake-up water for cooling tower: 2% of theactual cold water consumption.Unforeseen water consumption: 20% of the dailywater consumption.Water for fire protectionHydrant: 40L/s indoor, 30L/s outdoor, fireduration time is 3h;Sprinkler: 22L/s, fire duration time is 1h;Drencher for rolling shutter: 0.5L/s·m, fire duration time is 3h;在适当的位置设置饮用水机,在主进口为残障人设置两个饮用水机.为此饮用水系统安装循环泵.机房设在地下室的水除了机房.当饮用水机不被使用时,应排空,以免水质腐败.在客房和餐厅内设置电热水器,同时亦为热水供应设置循环泵.在更衣间旁设置电热水器,为淋浴和洗盥供应热水.为楼板清洁安装一定数量的水龙头.Some suitable places are supplied with portable water drinking units, two drinking units for disable people are provided at main entrances, for this portable water system, circulating pumps are adopted, the equipment room is located in water treatment center in the basement. When there is no use, portable water will be drained completely to avoid deterioration.Electric water heaters are installed in guest rooms and restaurant, also hot watercirculating pumps will be provided for supplying hot water.Electric water heaters are installed near the changing and clothing rooms for supplying hot water for shower and washing.Certain number of water taps are installed for floor-cleaning.4.用水量最大日用水量:2.200m3/日最大时用水量:220m3/时Water consumption demandMaximum daily water consumption: 2.200m3/dayMaximum hourly water consumption: 220m3/hour却循环系统冷却水循环系统采用机械循环系统.总冷却水用量为460m3/h.在供应楼顶设置三台超低噪音冷却塔(230 m3/h, 2x 115 m3/h).进水温度37Co,出水温度32Co .补充水量9,6 m3/h.补充水由市政供水网直接提供.Cooling water circulation systemThere are cooling water circulation system in this project, cooling water for the refrigerators adopts mechanical circulation system. Total water consumption of cooling towers is 460m3/h. On roof of the supply building there are 3 ultra-low noise cooling towers (230 m3/h, 2x 115 m3/h), inlet temperature of 37Co, outlet temperature of 32Co, with make-up water of 9,6 m3/h. Make-up water of the cooling towers will be supplied directly by the municipal network.在消防泵房内有消火栓泵(一个运行,一个备用),喷淋泵(一个运行,一个备用),卷帘雨淋泵(一个运行,一个备用).用于地下车库的泡沫喷淋设备,如报警阀,泡沫压缩罐,化学药剂泵安装在消防设备中心.30.0m3 消防水箱和消防稳压装置分别安装在车库的四面墙.In the fire water pump room, there are hydrant pumps (one operation, one standby), sprinkler pumps (one operation, one standby) and rolling shutter drencher pumps (one operation, one standby).Fire equipment, which are used for the foam sprinkler system in underground garage, such as fire alarm valves, foam concentrated tank and chemical dosing pump, etc. are provided in fire equipment centers. Four 30.0m3 fire water tanks and fire protection stabilized pressure devices are respectively located at four sides next to the garages.消防用水消火栓:室内按40升/秒,室外按30升/秒,火灾延续时间按3个小时计自动喷洒按22升/秒,火灾延续时间按1小时计卷帘水幕用水量 0.5升/秒·米,火灾延续时间按3个小时计消火栓:室内,室外用水量皆为756m3;自动喷洒用水量为79.2 m3;卷帘水幕用水量为 270m3;一次火灾用水量为1.861,2;Water for fire protectionWater consumption standard for fire protectionHydrant: 40L/s indoor, 30L/s outdoor, fire duration is 3hSprinkler: 22L/s, fire duration is 1hDrencher for rolling shutter: 0.5L/s·m, fire duration is 3hWater consumption for fire protectionHydrant: indoor and outdoor water consumptions are 756m3 respectively Sprinkler: 79.2 m3Drencher for rolling shutter: 270m3Water consumption for one fire: 1.105,2 m3消火栓的布置在整个建筑物内沿墙,沿柱,沿走廊,风塔上及楼梯附近设有必要数量的室内消火栓,消火栓间距小于30米.消火栓管网水平,竖向皆成环状布置,消火栓箱内配有DN65消火栓一支,25米衬胶水龙带一条,φ19毫米喷咀水枪一支,并配消防卷盘(DN25消火栓一支,30米胶管,φ9毫米喷咀水枪一支)且设有可直接启动消火栓泵的按钮;在室内消火栓箱下设有磷酸铵盐手提式灭火器箱.室内消火栓系统在室外设有三组水泵接合器.Hydrant arrangementNecessary number of hydrants are installed indoors along the wall, columns, corridors, and staircases, at intervals of less than 30m. Hydrant networks are connected as a loop both horizontally and vertically. Inside each hydrant box, a DN65 hydrant, a 25m long rubber lined hose, a water nozzle of φ19mm, hose reel (a DN25 hydrant, a 30m long rubber lined hose and a water nozzle ofφ9mm), and a direct starting button for the hydrant pump are provided.Under each indoor hydrant box, a portable ammonium phosphate powder extinguisher box is installed. There are three sets of pump adopters being installed outdoors for the indoor hydrant system.消防系统防水泵房及消防水池供水管DN200在红线内连成环路管网,管网上安装一定数量的消火栓.两根DN200供水管分别引入供应楼内两个消防泵房内的消防水池.消防水池总容量不应小于4000m3, 每个为2.000m3.Fire protection systemWater pump room and water pool for fire protectionThe lead-in pipes (DN200) are connected as a loop inside the red line, on the loop, certain number of hydrants are installed.Two water supply pipes (DN200) are led into the fire water pools at each fire water pump room in supplybuilding. In consideration of the importance of the project, the volume of the fire water pools should be not less than 4000m3, each is 2.000m3.自动喷淋系统自动喷淋系统安装在全建筑范围,除了室外和高于10 米的房间.喷淋泵安装在地下的消防泵房内.报警阀设置在地下的消防泵房内和中间的消防设备中心内,水流显示器设在每个防火分区内.Sprinkler systemSprinkler systems will be provided inside the whole building except outside areas and roomshigher than 10m, with sprinkler pumps installed in the underground fire water pump rooms. Alarming valves installed in underground fire water pump rooms and four fire equipment centers in the middle, water flow indicators are installed by fire compartments.除了安装一个封闭喷淋系统,将为地下车库设置一个泡沫喷淋系统.餐厅内安装93oC启动的自动喷淋头,但在其它房间,仅安装93oC启动的普通和快速反应自动喷淋头.三组泵接合器安装在室外.Besides an enclosed sprinkler system, a foam sprinkler system composed of a proportioning mixer and a foam concentrated tank is provided for the underground garage. Sprinkler actuated at 93oC are provided in the restaurants, but in other rooms, only ordinary sprinklers and fast response sprinklers actuated at 68oC are provided.Three sets of pump adaptors for this system will be installed outdoors.排水系统为排水系统设置污水主立管和特别垂直排气管.排气管与污水管在每层连接,污水排出体操馆.餐厅的污水首先在油脂分离池中处理,然后排入室外排水网.给排水污水将被在化粪池收集和处理,然后排入市政排水管网.化粪池在输送区旁.最大天排水量为870m3/天.9. Drainage systemMain vertical sewage pipes and special vertical vent pipes are provided for the drainage system. The vent pipes are connected with sewage pipe at each floor; sewage water is drained out of stadium. Sewage water in the restaurants and garage are treated in the grease and oil separation tank, and then discharged into the outdoor drainage networks. Sanitary sewage water is collected and treated in the septic tank,then drained into the municipal drainage. The septic tanks are located besides the deliverycircle. Maximum daily drainage amount is 870m3/day.卷帘水幕系统地下车库设置有卷帘水幕系统.水幕泵安装在消防水泵房内,采用开式雨淋头,电动或手动控制.十组泵接合器安装在室外Drencher system for rolling shuttersRolling shutter protected by drenchers are provided for the underground garage, the drencher pumps are installed in the fire water pump rooms, open drencher heads are selected, and are controlled both by electrically and manually. Ten pump adapters will be installed outdoors for this system.地下室内污水设有污水坑,废水设有废水坑,生活污水,废水经潜污泵提升排至室外排水管网,潜污泵的启停皆由磁性浮球控制器的控制.地下汽车库废水设有废水坑,废水经潜污泵提升排至室外,经隔油池处理后排入室外雨水管网.There are cesspits for sewage water and wastewater pits for wastewater in the basement, the sewage and wastewater is sucked up and drained to the outdoor drainage networks by submerged sewage pumps.Operation of the pumps is controlled by the magnetic floating ball controllers. Wastewater pits are provided for the underground garage, wastewater is sucked up and drained to outdoor oil separation tank by submerged sewage pumps, after treated, wastewater is drained to the outdoors rainwater networks.在柴油发电机房,变配电房和通讯设备机房设低压二氧化碳气体灭火系统.Low pressure CO2 extinguisher systems are provided in diesel generator rooms, transformer substations and telecommunication equipment rooms.在本建筑内按"建筑灭火器配置设计规范"在每个消火栓箱下设手提式灭火器箱,箱内设有必要数量的磷酸铵盐手提式灭火器.According to the Code for Design of Extinguisher Disposition in Buildings, portable fire extinguisher box, in which there are necessary number of portable ammonium phosphate powder extinguishers, will be installed under every hydrant box.在每个消防电梯井底旁设有消防排水坑,废水经潜污泵提升排至室外.Fire water drain pit is provided at side of bottom of each fire elevator well, waste water will be sucked up and drained out by the pumps.雨水系统雨水排水屋顶采用压力流排水.雨水设计重现期按P=10年计算,降雨历时为5分钟,暴雨强度公式按Q=998.002(1+0.568lgP)/(t+1.983)0.465计算.沿柱在屋面设置雨水沟.雨水通过雨水沟收集,然后进入雨水头和下排管,然后到室外雨水观察井.10. Rainwater systemPressurized drainage system is adopted for roof rainwater drainage system. Here, return period P=10 years, rainfall duration is 5 minutes, stormwater amount is calculated by the following formula:Q=998.002(1+0.568lgT)/(t+1.983)0.465Rainwater gutters are provided on roof along columns, skylight. Rainwater is collected in the gutter, then to rainwater heads and downpipes, and to the outdoors rainwater inspection wells.11.管材- 生活给水管,冷却塔补水管采用铜管,氩弧焊接.- 直饮水管采用不锈管.- 消火栓管,冷却循环管,水幕管,水泵吸水管采用焊接钢管,焊接.- 自动喷洒水管,雨淋水管采用热镀锌钢管,丝扣连接或卡压连接.-二氧化碳管采用无缝钢管焊接.- 地下车库泡沫喷淋水管采用不锈钢管,卡压连接.Pipe materialCopper pipes connected by argon arc welding are adopted for the sanitary water pipes, make-up water pipes for cooling towers.Stainless stell pipes are adopted for portable water pipes.Welded steel pipes connected by welding are selected for hydrant pipes, cooling circulating pipes, drencher pipes, pump suction pipes.Hot-galvanized steel pipes connected by threads or compression-seizing are selected for sprinkler and deluge sprinler pipes.Seamless steel pipes connected by welding are selected for CO2 pipes. Stainless steel pipes connected by pressed clamp is selected for the pipes of foam sprinklers in the underground garage.当雨水两超出雨水沟设计量时,雨水可沿屋檐自由排放.雨水被收集,然后排入市政集水池. When the amount of rainwater is more than the design value of the gutters, water is discharged naturally along the eaves. Rainwater is collected, and then drained to the municipal catch basins.围绕体育馆的循环池将用于喷洒运动场和作为室外绿化带的储水池.此池将作为一个循环过滤设施,可容水约7.500 m .喷洒压力设备和其它必须的过滤设备安装在供应楼里.The circular senic pool surround stadium will be used for spraying sportsfield andas reservoir for outdoor greening.The pool will be used as a circular filtering facility and will be adopted with a water volume of about 7.500 m .The spray water pressurizing equipment as well as further necessary filtering equipment will be adopted in the supply building.2.0 制冷2.0 Cooling冷源:空调冷负荷(估算):本工程建筑面积共50.000平方米,包括观众区,休息室,更衣室,小会议室,餐厅,办公室和其它附属房.空调设计日峰值冷负荷为2.4MW,设计日总冷负荷为3 kW.Refrigerating sourceCooling load of air conditioning systemTotal floor area for this building is 50,000sqm, which includes spectator areas, lounges, Clothing and changing rooms small meeting rooms, restaurant, office and other auxiliary rooms. Designed dayly peak cooling load is 2,4MW, designed total dayly cooling load is 3kW.每台1200kW制冷机配一台流量为206m3/h离心泵.各配一台备用泵一次泵采用压差旁路控制.通过埋地敷管,向游泳体操馆供应冷冻水.A centrifugal pump with a flow rate of 103m3/h is provided for each 1200kW chiller. One operation pump with a standby corresponds to one chiller.Pressure difference branch control is adopted for primary pumpVia earth laid pipes from supply building to gymnasium chilled water supply will be deliverded.冷源的选择:根据建筑的实际情况,3台制冷机将安装在供应楼内的冷冻机房.设计容量为4800kW. 为了实现能量的效率化使用,设计方案为,1台制冷机的出力为总设计容量的50%.而另2 台.每台出力为总设计容量的25%.冷冻水系统的主要设备包括3台电动制冷机,一级冷冻泵,二级冷冻泵,自动控制阀等等.冷冻水的供/回水温度为-7/ 12°C.Selection of refrigerating sourceAccording to the real condition of the building, 3 chillers are located in the refrigerating plant rooms in the supply building, designed capacity is 2400kW. For actuing in an energy efficient way one chiller about 50% of total capacity (1.200 kW) and two chillers with 25% of total (600 kW each)capacity each are adopted.Main equipment of chilled water system includes 3 electrical chiller, primary cool water pump, secondary chilled water pump and automatic controlled valve, etc. supply/return temperature of the chiller is-7/ 12°C.二次泵系统:根据使用功能,各制冷机房又分成不同的循环支路.二次泵采用变频调速控制.根据负荷侧供回水管的压差,控制水泵的转速.二次泵循环支路的管道采用异程式.Secondary pump system:Each refrigerating plant room is subdivided into different circulation branch loops according to use functions.Variable-frequency speed-regulating control is adopted for secondary pumps. The rotating speed of a water pump is controlled according to the pressure difference between water supply and return pipes.Direct return system is adopted for the pipes of circulating branch of secondary pumps空调冷冻水系统由于本工程占地面积大,功能复杂,有连续使用,也有间歇使用,为了达到运行灵活,节能的目的,空调冷冻水系统采用两管制二次泵系统.Chilled water systemDue to the large occupied area of this project, the complicated functions and the combination of continuous utilization and intermittent utilization, in order to accomplish the purpose of flexible operation and energy saving, the chilled water system is of two-pipe secondary pump system.管材:水管采用焊接钢管及无缝钢管.本工程的风管除土建风道外,均采用镀锌铁皮咬口制作.每节风管之间用法兰连接.Pipe and duct materialsThe water pipes adopt welded steel pipes and seamless steel pipes.Air ducts for this project are made of galvanized sheet steel by seaming except ducts by civil construction. Air ducts are connected together by flanges.一次泵系统:供应楼冷冻机房2400kW制冷机配一台离心泵, 流量为412m3/h.配一台备用泵.Primary pump system:Chiller room supply buildingA centrifugal pump with a flow rate of 412m3/h is provided for 1200kW chiller. Oneoperation pump with a standby corresponds to one chiller.保温材料:空调供,回水管,冷凝水管采用酚醛管壳保温.空调送,回风管以及处理后的新风管采用外贴铝箔的离心玻璃棉板保温.- 管道穿防火墙的空隙处采用岩棉材料等非燃材料填充.Thermal materialsphenolic pipes are adopted for thermal insulation of water supply and return pipes for air conditioning, as well as air-conditioning condensate pipes.Aluminum foil faced glass fiber boards are adopted for thermal insulation of air-conditioning air supply and return ducts as well as fresh air ducts after chillers.Non-flammable material will be selected to fill the interspace in the fire protection wall where the ducts go through.消声与隔振:冷水机组,水泵等设备采用减振台座,弹簧减振器或橡胶减振垫减振降噪.在空调机组,新风机组,通风机的进出口采用涂胶帆布软管连接.- 水泵进出水管上采用可曲挠橡胶接头,使设备振动与配管隔离.Noise reduction and vibration isolationShock absorption bases, spring shock absorbers on rubber shock absorption pads are adopted for equipment, such as water chiller units, pumps, etc to reduce vibration and lower noise.Flexible rubber-coated canvas hoses are adopted far connections of inlets and outlets of air-conditioning units, fresh air handling units and ventilators. Flexible rubber couplings are adopted for the water intake and delivery pipes of the pumps to isolate equipment vibration from their pipes.3.0空调和通风系统3.0 Air Conditioning and Ventilation Systems方案设计范围Scope of schematic design空调设计Air Conditioning Design在体育馆内,一些区域设置空调系统.这些区域划分为:西侧地下二层的贵宾休息室东侧地下二层酒店门廊地下一层的输送区,技术机房,运动员更衣间,医务服务,热身区,裁判区,健身中心,酒店大堂,会议室,厨房,特许区和贵宾大堂混合区.首层的酒店大堂,酒店区,贵宾门廊,急救In the stadium, in some ranges air conditioning systems are used. These ranges subdividethemselves as follows:VIP – Lobby in West of levelel -2Hotel lobby in the east of level –2Delivary Circle, technical Plantrooms, Changingrooms for the athletes, Medical Service and warm up area, Judges Area, Fitness Center, Hotel Lobby, Conferenz, Kitchen and Concession, Vip lobby- Mixed Zone in level -1Hotel lobby, Hotel area, Vip lobby, Vip Area, First aid in 0空调和通风机组设置于靠近地下一层楼梯底部的机防.新风从楼梯底的风室被引入机房而被空调处理器吸入.从此,通过水平和垂直风道送至使用区.用于以上区域的空调机组分为12 台暖通空调机组,具有以下特点The air conditioning and ventilation units for the using ranges are placed in die mechanical plantroom nearby the stairs in the bottom of the stadium in Level -1. The outside air will be brought into the Plantrooms from fresh air chambers under these stairs and let to the air handling units. From here, the will be led via horizontal an vertical duct to the using ranges.The air conditioning units for the ranges specified above will be devided into 12 HV AC- units (drawings) with the following characteristics:以下区域仅设置排风系统:地下二层停车区域地下二层电气机房地下一层卫生间首层卫生间一层卫生间宾馆客房设置分散式风机盘管加新风系统.贵宾室设置风机盘管.For the following ranges, only exhaust air systems are planed:Parking area in Level –2Electrical Plantrooms in Level –2Toilets in Level –1Toilets in Level 0Toilets in Level +1For the guestrooms of the Hotel decentralized Fancoil Units with ourside air connection are planed. The VIP- boxes will be equiped with Fancoil Units.AC1, AC6, AC7, AC12地下一层的附属用房(储存,机房,楼层,观众区 )换气次数 2 – 6 次/小时; 新风100%, 通过螺旋风口送出双风机,全空气系统排风机同时作为机械排烟用AC1, AC6, AC7, AC12Siderooms ( Storage, Plantrooms, Floors, Spectaors area) in Level -1Air Changing rate 2- 4 times/ h; supply via spiral outlets, outdoor air 100% Dual- fan- all- air system.Exhaust air fan is also be used for mechanical removal of smoke.AC 2地下一层的医务服务,热身区,运动员更衣间,裁判区换气次数 2 – 4 次/小时; 新风100%, 通过螺旋风口送出夏季最高室内温度29°C, 相对湿度 65 %冬季最高室内温度 22 –24°C室内发热量:- 照明 20 W/m- 机器 10 W/ m- 人员 50 W/ m双风机,全空气系统排风机同时作为机械排烟用AC 2Medival Service Area, Warm up Area, Changing rooms Athletes, Judges Are in Level- 1Air Changing rate 2- 4 times/ h; supply via spiral outlets, outdoor air 100% Room temperature 29°C max, 65 % humidityin SummerRoomtemperatur 22 –24 °C in WinterIndoor heat loadLighting 20 W/mMachines 10 W/ mPersonnel 50 W/ mDual- fan- all- air system.Exhaust air fan is also be used for mechanical removal of smoke.AC 4地下一层的医务中心,办公室换气次数 4 次/小时; 新风100%, 通过螺旋风口送出最高室内温度29°C, 相对湿度 65 %室内发热量:- 照明 35 W/m- 机器 30 W/ m- 人员 50 W/ m双风机,全空气系统排风机同时作为机械排烟用AC 4Media Center, Offices in Level –1Air Changing rate 4 times/ h; supply via spiral outlets, outdoor air 100% Room temperature 29°C max, 65 % humidityIndoor heat loadLighting 35 W/mMachines 30 W/ mPersonnel 50 W/ mDual- fan- all- air system.Exhaust air fan is also be used for mechanical removal of smoke.AC 3地下二层的贵宾休息室,地下一层的贵宾大堂,混合区,首层的贵宾办公室和贵宾区换气次数 4 次/小时; 新风100%, 通过螺旋风口送出最高室内温度29°C, 相对湿度 65 %室内发热量:- 照明 20 W/m- 机器 10 W/ m- 人员 50 W/ m双风机,全空气系统排风机同时作为机械排烟用AC 3VIP Lobby in Level –2, VIP Lobby, Mixed zone in Level –1, VIP Offices and VIP area in Level 0Air Changing rate 4 times/ h; supply via spiral outlets, outdoor air 100% Room temperature 29°C max, 65 % humidityIndoor heat loadLighting 20 W/mMachines 10 W/ mPersonnel 50 W/ mDual- fan- all- air system.Exhaust air fan is also be used for mechanical removal of smoke.AC 5地下一层的厨房,服务和特许区厨房的换气次数 100m /m 小时,新风100%, 通过螺旋风口送出服务和特许区的换气次2-4数次/小时, 新风100%, 通过螺旋风口送出双风机,全空气系统最高室内温度29°C, 相对湿度 65 %室内发热量:- 照明 35 W/m- 机器 30 W/ m- 人员 80 W/ m双风机,全空气系统排风机同时作为机械排烟用AC 5Kitchen, Service and Concession area in Level -1Air Changing rate 100 m /m h for the Kitchen; supply via spiral outlets, outdoor air 100%Air Changing rate 2-4 times/h for the Service and Concession area; supply via spiral outlets, outdoor air 100%Room temperature 29°C max, 65 % humidityIndoor heat loadLighting 35 W/mMachines 30 W/ mPersonnel 80 W/ mDual- fan- all- air system.Exhaust air fan is also be used for mechanical removal of smokeAC 8地下一层的健身中心,员工更衣间,特许区换气次数 2 – 4 次/小时; 新风100%, 通过螺旋风口送出最高室内温度29°C, 相对湿度 65 %室内发热量:- 照明 35 W/m- 机器 30 W/ m- 人员 80 W/ m双风机,全空气系统排风机同时作为机械排烟用AC 8Fitness Center, Changingrooms Staff, Concessio in Level -1Air Changing rate 2-4 times/h; Fitness Center 6 times/ h; supply via spiral outlets, outdoor air 100%Room temperature 29°C max, 65 % humidityIndoor heat loadLighting 35 W/mMachines 30 W/ mPersonnel 80 W/ mDual- fan- all- air system.Exhaust air fan is also be used for mechanical removal of smokeAC 10地下二层地的宾馆走廊,地下一层的宾馆走廊和餐厅,首层的宾馆区换气次数 4 次/小时; 新风100%, 通过螺旋风口送出最高室内温度29°C, 相对湿度 65 %室内发热量:- 照明 35 W/m- 机器 30 W/ m- 人员 50 W/ m双风机,全空气系统排风机同时作为机械排烟用AC 10可能亦用于人防区的送风.此部分的设计由人防技术设备设计工程师审核.AC 10Hotel Lobby in Level- 2, Hotel Lobby and Restaurant in Level -1, Hotel area in Level 0Air Changing rate 4 times/h; Restaurant 8 times/h;supply via spiral outlets, outdoor air 100%Room temperature 29°C max, 65 % humidityIndoor heat loadLighting 35 W/mMachines 30 W/ mPersonnel 50 W/ mDual- fan- all- air system.Exhaust air fan is also be used for mechanical removal of smoke.The AC- unit No. 10 might also be used as a supply air unit for the shelter. This has to be checked by the engeneers who will plan the technical equipment for the shelter.AC 9通风地下车库:设计一个换气次数 6次/小时的排气排烟通风系统.由地下一层的空调机组送风,送风经过车库顶棚的垂直风口进入水平风道,然后送至各处.输送区:输送区设置一个隧道通风系统.空气通过北侧被吸入建筑物,然后通过轴流风机输送到输送区.空气通过南侧的就近道路排出.VentilationUnderground Garage:For the underground garage an air exhaust an smoke exhaust ventilation system with an air exchange rate of 6 times/h is provided. The supply air for the garage will be delivered from the AC- Units in Level- 1 an brougt into the garage via vertical openings in the ceiling of the garage and distributed over horizontal ducts. Delivery Circle:For the delivery circle a tunnel ventilation system is installed. Air is sucked at the south side of the stadium into the building and transported by axial jet fan through the delivery zone.各功能区的规划包括水平管道和竖井.各区域无异味和污染物的排风将被作为送风送入车库. 剩余的排风和排烟将通过一个地下风道送到供应楼,并通过屋顶排出.排烟内部区域均设置机械排烟.通风系统的管道亦即排烟道. 在空调机房内,烟气通过一条旁通风道送至车库排风机,亦为排烟机(300°/ 30 分).The development of the functional areas is made by horizontal ducts and vertical pits. The exhaust air from ranges which are not smell-loaded or contained pollutants are brought as supply air into the garage.The remaining exhaust air and the removal of smoke exhaust air are led over an underground channel to the supplying building and blown out there over roof. Smoke ExhaustionAll ranges on the inside are exhaustet from smoke mechanically.The duct system of the existing ventilation systems is used. In the HVAC plant rooms, the flue gases are led over a bypass channel to the exhaust air fan for the garage, which have to be designed to be used as smoke- exhaust fan (300°/ 30 min).室内储存和技术房:此区内,设置简单的送排通风系统.卫生间:地下一层和首层的卫生间由临近区域的通风系统供应新风.一层卫生间通过向外开口进风.地下一层卫生间排气排入输送区.首层和一层卫生间将通过独立的排气扇将废气排入在看台下部.Indoor storing and technical plant rooms:For this ranges simple supply- and exhaust ventilationsystem will be installed Toilets:The WCs in level -1 and level 0 are supplied with fresh air by the ventilation systems of the adjacent ranges.The WCs in level +1 receive the fresh air over opening to the outside.The WC in level -1 is aired out separately into the range of the delivary circle. The exhaust air of the WC ranges in level 0 and level +1 will be led by separate exhaust fans into the ranges underneath the grandstand.车库的排气和烟气被加压,通过地下风道送至供应楼,而通过其屋顶排出.停车场有烟雾时,空调机组的送风量是不足的.在这种情况下,新风将通过阀门从新风室(在体育馆底层楼梯下)直接向车库进风.The exhaust air of the garage and the smoke will be pressed through the circularly air duct and then through the underground channel to the supplying building and will there be led over roof into the free.In case that smoke is detected in Parking garage, the supply air from the AC- Units which is normaly used for the supply of the garage is not sufficient.In this case the fresh air will be brought directly into the garage via dampers from the freshair chamber, placed underneath the stairs in the bottom of the stadium. 主送风和回风道均设防火阀. 当温度超过70°C, 防火阀将自动关闭,同时风机停止运行,关闭信号将被传送.自动转换防火阀安装于排风排烟共用系统.Both, the main air supply and return ducts of all AHUs are provided with fire dampers. Then a temperature over 70°C happens, the fire dampers wil l be closed automatically and at the same time the fan stops operation and cut-off signal is transmitted. Automatic changeover fire damper is provided for the system used both return air and smoke exhaust.空调和通风系统的电力供应控制与消防控制中心相连. 当某个防火分区火灾报警, 而且消防中心对此信号经过分析确认后,此防火分区内的通风系统停止运行,而同时排烟系统和加压送风系统启动.The power supply controls for the air conditioning and ventilation systems are connected to the fire control center. When fire alarm occurs in a certain fire compartment, the ventilation system in this fire compartment stops operation and at the same time the smoke exhaust system and pressurized air supply system are started after judgement and confirmation by the fire control center.被其它房间包围的楼梯间将设置有加压通风系统.The staircases that are surounded by other rooms will be provided with overpressure ventilation systems.空调机组的详细技术参数集合在被报告末的技术数据报告.The exact technical datas of the AC- units are summarized in the " Technivcal Data Report at the end of the Report.。

谈多层住宅建筑给排水方案设计的问题分析

合这些住户的需求。住宅的档次一般的，在不影响使用效果的同时，可２８０ｍｍ、３０５ｍｍｍ￣４ＯＯｍｍ。若坐便器出水口是横排水，则要注意座以选择性价１４：１：：１较高，价格相对便宜的塑料。但是对于一些特殊情况下便器的出水口应与横排水的高度相等，最好能再略高一些，确保污水排的给水管的材料不是有很多款，选择也不多样，我们只要考虑其是否适泄畅通。坐厕美观、舒适、实用的优势日渐流行。如今市面上许多国产的合自己就行。座厕质量和观感都不错。能充分考虑到目前国内浴室面积偏小的特点，
工
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谈多层住宅建筑给排水方案设计的问题分析
李朝辉大连建发建筑设计院１１６０２３
【摘要】随着社会经济的日益发展及人们生活水平的日益提高，多层ＤＮ＋１０ｍｍ，槽深为槽宽ＤＮ的１／２，后管道采取半镶嵌式入槽，同时住宅建筑Ｅ１益普及大中小城市。这不仅解决了人们的生活空间要求，也推动以管卡将其固定即可；此外，若给水管其管径ＤＮ）２０ｍｍ时，则可将其
了社会经济繁荣。与此同时，人们对给排水方案设计的要求也更加严格。给排水方案设计是重要的工程之一，其与我们的居住效果息息相关。因此，对多层住宅建筑给排水方案设计的问题分析具有十分ｔ＇－￣－的意义。
暗埋于砖墙内，具体做法一般是在砖墙面进行开槽处理，并保证槽宽ＤＮ＋２０ｍｍ，槽深应与槽宽ＤＮ一致，如果以金属件进行连接时，其管槽尺度还应适当加大，之后将管道直接镶嵌于槽中，并以管卡将其固定即

多层住宅建筑给排水设计

浅议多层住宅建筑给排水设计摘要：建筑给排水是建筑行业一个重要的组成部分，随着建筑业的迅速发展，建筑给排水专业已成为给水排水中不可缺少而又独具特色的组成部分。

本文主要对多层住宅建筑给排水中管道敷设、地漏设置及空调冷凝水排放等问题进行了探讨。

关键词：多层住宅建筑给排水abstract: the construction industry building drainage is an important part of, with the rapid development of the construction industry, construction drainage professional has become an indispensable water and unique component parts. this paper mainly of multilayer residence in building water supply pipe laying, floor drain setting and air conditioning condensed water from are discussed in this paper.keywords: multilayer residence building water supply and drainage中图分类号：s276文献标识码：a 文章编号：0 我国建筑给排水的发展现状建筑给排水是建筑行业一个重要的组成部分。

自1986年《建筑给水排水设计规范》被审批通过以来，随着建筑业的迅速发展，建筑给排水专业已成为给水排水中不可缺少而又独具特色的组成部分[1]。

本人从事建筑给排水设计工作两年，浅谈一下多层住宅建筑给排水设计。

1 给排水管道敷设设计要点1.1 给排水立管敷设(1) 立管安装在厨房、卫生间的墙角处。

因其施工方便，在以往的住宅设计中较多采用这种敷设方式，但明露管道有碍居室美观，住户在二次装修时大多会用轻质材料给予隐藏起来。

多层住宅建筑给排水设计中的问题及对策研究

建筑设计Architectural Design– 60 –建筑施工里，住宅建筑给排水属于基础性工程的一种，和大众日常生活联系紧密。

随着大众生活质量的提升，大众对住宅的设施日渐重视。

因此，在具体住宅建筑给排水工程里，需要对施工存在的问题予以重视，同时总结经验，应用适配的策略保证住宅建筑给排水的施工质量。

1 住宅建筑给排水设计常见问题与解决对策1.1 排水立管设计不当。

设计师在整个厨房排水立管设计的全过程里，可能对燃气管的布置位置考虑不够，一般而言，燃气管道需要合理设置在烟道排烟口周遭的墙角位置。

一旦涉及不注意设置到对应的位置，那么会对之后燃气管的布置有所影响。

解决策略：厨房的排水立管需要合理设置在和烟道位置中的墙角处较远的地方，从而为燃气管道预留出充足的安装空间。

1.2 漏设雨水管和溢流措施。

整个设计过程里，针对门厅雨棚或是较小面积的露台，建筑专业漏设需要设计排水坡度、排水口等，使得给排水无法在对用的区域设置好雨水管，致使对应区域的雨水不能顺利排出去。

此外，对应区域中，因为汇水面积比较小，一般仅仅用1根雨水管，而给排水专业没能设置对应的溢流策略，一旦出现管道堵塞，雨水就不能顺势排出，形成积水、渗水、漏水等问题，这样就会给住宅建筑带来不良影响，影响人们生活的品质。

解决策略：给排水需要对建筑供应的条件图详加检查，对于各个天面雨水口位置详尽核对，针对存在雨水排放有要求的区域，要求在对应的位置合理设置好雨水管，同时需要科学设置好溢流策略，往往会设置好溢流孔模式。

2 地漏的设置问题以及解决对策2.1 厨房地漏的问题。

现阶段，厨房能不能设置地漏备受争议。

原因是厨房地面往往无法排水，因此设计的时候一般不会选择在厨房设置地漏。

装修的时候，部分业主会在厨房铺设木地板，也不适合装地漏。

不过实际生活中，总会有厨房洗菜盆下水管漏水或是出现堵塞问题，无法有效排出水，进而对业主形成不便。

倘若铺设木地板就可能形成较大损失。

此外由于常规情况下，厨房地漏水排出较少，一般的地漏水封可能会由于蒸腾而丧失原本的效用，致使排水管道出现返臭。

对住宅建筑给排水设计的几点建议

对住宅建筑给排水设计的几点建议摘要：随着国民经济发展越来越好，人们的生活水平也随之不断提高，自然而然对于住宅建筑的要求也越来越高了。

随着各类住宅建筑大量涌现，也使建筑给排水技术得到了较快发展。

然而，随着给排水工程的增多，也出现了一些需要注意的问题，如果处理不好，会给使用者带来很多不必要的麻烦。

给排水工程对住宅建筑整体功能的实现具有十分重要的意义。

如果住宅建筑中给排水工程存在问题，那么将会直接影响住户的居住感受。

本文做了一系列的探讨。

关键词：建筑给排水；水表设置；设计方案Abstract: along with the development of the national economy more and better, the living standard of people also will improve, for residential construction requirements naturally more and more is also high. All kinds of residential building with a rash also make the building water supply and drainage technology has been developed rapidly. However, with the increase of water supply and drainage engineering, there arise some problems that should be paid attention to, if treatment is not good, will give the user to bring a lot of unnecessary trouble. Water supply and drainage engineering on the realization of the whole function of residential buildings have very important significance. If residential building water supply and drainage engineering problems in, so will directly influence the living feelings of the residents. This paper made a series of discussion.Key Words: building water supply and drainage; the water meter set; design scheme为了满足住户舒适、美观的要求,在设计工作中要综合考虑各方面的因素,完善施工技术,为住户营造一个美观实用的居住环境。

多层住宅建筑给排水设计的几个问题

152多层住宅建筑给排水设计的几个问题黄禄秦皇岛市信偌工程咨询有限公司摘要：针对多层住宅建筑的给排水设计问题，结合对设计标准、规范的理解，从给水管道的敷设、地漏的安装等方面，就给排水设计的常见问题进行探讨，并提出一些具体解决措施。

关键词：给排水设计；多层住宅建筑；管道敷设；地漏随着人们生活水平的提高，对住宅建筑给排水设计也提出更高要求。

因此，在工程规划、设计、施工、监理、物业管理、维护保养等各环节，应始终以国家和地方的各项规范、规定为依据，并不折不扣的执行，尤其是对极易被忽视的细节问题更应高度重视。

1 给水管材选用问题目前我国市场上存在约20种左右的给排水管材，主要包括金属管（不锈钢管、镀锌管、铜管、铜塑管、涂塑钢管等）、复合管（凯撒管、衬塑管等）、塑料管（聚丙烯管、硬聚氯乙烯管等）许多地市已明文规定：禁止设计使用镀锌钢管，推广使用塑料给水管。

塑料给水管与金属管道相比，具有重量轻，耐压强度好，输送液体阻力小，耐化学腐蚀性能强，安装方便，省钢节能，使用寿命长等优点。

塑料管PP-R管道具有良好的抗冲击性能、在温度和内压长期作用下强度减慢，即在相同温度和内压条件下使用寿命更长的特点：（1）具有较好的耐热性。

PP-R 管的维卡软化点 131.5度，最高使用温度可达 95 度，长期使用温度可达 70 度，满足建筑冷热水管道设计要求。

（2）无毒、卫生。

PP-R 原材料属聚烯烃类，其分子仅由炭、氢元素组成，原辅材完成达到食品卫生要求。

没有有害有毒的元素存在，卫生可靠，不仅用于冷热水管道，还可以用于饮用纯净水系统。

（3）保温节能。

PP-R 管传导热系数为 0.21w/mk。

（4）安装方便、管件连接牢固。

PP-R 管材、管件采用相同的原材料加工而成，并有良好的热、电融焊接性能，其管材、管件可采用热熔连接或电容连接，管材、管件连接部位强度不低于材料本身的强度。

PP-R 管道连接方法较粘结、弹性密封承插及其它机械连接等成本低、速度快、操作简单、安全可靠，特别适合用于直埋暗敷场合。

多层住宅建筑给排水设计中的问题及对策研究

多层住宅建筑给排水设计中的问题及对策研究
王玉才艮
（山西省轻工设计院，山西太原０３０００１）
摘
要：针对多层住宅建筑给排水系统设计中常见的一些问题进行了分析和研究，并对相应的解决方法进行了探讨，以期为广大
及构造是否合理等问题上，他们的注意力同时也落在了住宅设备２．１给排水管道中立管的敷设上。而住宅设备中给排水系统的设计，又成为人们关注的一个重在过去传统的管道敷设中，给排水管道的立管常采用以下三
点，因为它的合理与否将直接影响到住户的日常使用效果。下面种敷设方式：１）直接装在卫生间和厨房墙角的位置，这种敷设方就多层住宅建筑在给排水设计过程中常见的一些问题进行分析，式以其施工简便的特点而被广泛使用，但这种敷设方式却给住宅
然后再结合作者多年从事给排水设计的经验，针对此类问题提出的整体美观造成了一定的影响；２）将给排水管道装于外墙的阴角相应的解决措施，以便与同行之间相互进行探讨。处，这种敷设方式虽然不影响住宅的美观，但却对建筑外观有一１给水管材的选择问题定的影响，而且也不能在北方地区使用，其原因是以防冬天的时３）将其敷设于管道井内，虽在过去的多层住宅建筑中，时常存在给水管使用寿命短、易候出现管道内结冰或是爆管的现象；锈蚀以及水质污染严重等问题，针对此类问题某些地市还专门进然它能有效解决住宅内部及建筑外墙的美观问题，但管道井会减