最新自考英美文学选读00604学习总结
00604英美文学选读考试技巧
00604英美文学选读考试技巧英美文学选读考试技巧如下：1. 阅读经典作品：熟悉英美文学中的经典作品是考试的基础。
阅读这些作品能够帮助你理解作者的主题、文体和文化背景。
2. 掌握作者和作品的背景知识：了解作者的生平、作品的创作背景和历史背景对理解文学作品很有帮助。
这些背景知识能够让你更好地分析作品的含义和主题。
3. 注意作品的文体和语言技巧：文学作品通常具有特定的文体和语言技巧，例如诗歌的韵律和修辞手法，小说的叙事风格和人物描写等。
注意作品中的这些细节，能够帮助你更好地理解和解释作品。
4. 注意作品的主题和象征意义：文学作品常常探讨一些深刻的主题和象征意义，如人性、爱情、权力等。
理解作品的主题和象征意义是解读作品的关键。
5. 提前做好笔记和总结：在阅读和学习文学作品时，记得做好笔记，包括作品的关键信息、重要事件和主要人物等。
这样有助于你回顾和总结，并在考试前快速复习。
6. 增加阅读量和训练速读技巧：多读英美文学作品，增加阅读量，可以更好地熟悉各种文学作品的风格和氛围。
另外，提高阅读速度也是必要的，尤其是在限时考试中。
7. 参加讨论和写作练习：通过参加讨论和写作练习让自己更好地理解和应用英美文学作品。
与其他人讨论作品能够帮助你获得不同的观点和解读，并提高自己的思考能力。
8. 制定合理的学习计划：为了提高文学选读的考试成绩，制定一个合理的学习计划是必要的。
合理规划时间，分配阅读和复习任务，能够更好地掌握考试内容。
9. 模拟考试：在考试前进行模拟考试，将自己置于真实的考试环境中。
这样可以帮助你熟悉考试的时间限制和考试题型，并调整自己的答题策略。
10.保持积极的心态：考试前保持积极的心态对于取得好的成绩至关重要。
相信自己的能力，相信自己在长时间的准备中已经做得足够好，这样你的答题能力会更加出色。
自考英美文学选读00604考前串讲（1-10）
自考英美文学选读00604考前串讲（1-10）英美文学考前串讲（1）前言：大家好！为了帮助广大的考生在有效的时间内达到较好的复习效果，我们总结了近几年来京城一些名师的串讲资料，以及上课老师所讲的重点内容．对于没有上过课的学生，相信它会给您一个指导性的作用，帮助您达到事半功倍的效果！而对于上过课的考生来说，再看以下的串讲内容效果当然会更好！以下的串讲内容包括三方面内容：第一部分：介绍考试题型及评分标准第二部分：考试习题集 (以串讲内容及课本重点知识为依据)．第三部分: 考试注意事项(由于时间有限，难免有不足，还请大家原谅!)Wish you all Success! Good Luck!Part I Introduction about Examination:1) 考试题型第一部分：选择题：I. Multiple Choice: (40 points, 1 point for each)E.g. Shakespeare’s greatest tragedies are the following works except ____.A. HamletB. King LearC. Romeo and JulietD. OthelloAnswer: C. (可参考课本P33)II. Reading Comprehension (16 points, 4 points for each)也就是根据选读中的一句话或一段话，回答三个问题，这些完成来自于书上，在以下的串讲中我们会给大家做具体的总结，以帮助大家顺利的通过考试！例如：2001年考过的一个题目：“Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere;/Destroy and Preserver’ hear, O hear!”Questions:A. Identify the poem and the poet.B. What is the "Wild Spirit"?C. What does the "Wild Spirit" destroy and preserve?Answer:A: Shelly’s "Ode to the West wind"雪莱的《西风颂》B. The West wind: "breath of Autumn’s being’’C. It destroys things /thoughts / idea that are dead, it preserves new life. (or seeds that represent new life or new birth.) (可参考课本P211)评分标准：A,B,各1分，C,2分. 语言错误酌情扣分第二部分是非选择题 (共44分)III. Questions and Answers (24 points in all, 6 points for each) 例如："My boy!" said the old gentleman, learning over the desk. Oliver started at the sound. He might be excused for doing so, for the words were kindly said, and strange sounds frighten one. He trembled violently, and burst into tears." (Charles Dickens, Oliver Twist)Explain why the boy (Oliver Twist) started first, then trembled violently and burst into tears when the words were” kindly" said.参考答案：The boy started at the words because kind words were not expected; it is (was, must be) the first time in all his life that the boy (Oliver Twist) had been “kindly” greeted; strange sounds may predict another suffering/misfortune/tortu re/…) (At least one example from the text to back up the above statement.)评分标准：概述占4分, 例子占2分．语言错误酌情扣分．IV. Topic discussion (20 points in all, 10 points for each)Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.例如：Mark Twin presented the 19th century American in his own unique way. Discuss Twain’s art of fiction: the setting, the language, and the characters, etc., based on his novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.参考答案：A.Mark Twain uses the Mississippi alley as his fictional kingdom, writing about the landscape and people, the customs and the dialects of one particular region, and therefore known as a local colorist.B.He creates life-like characters, especially the unconventional Huckleberry Finn, who runs away from civilization and stands opposite to conventional village morality.C.He uses a simple, direct vernacular language, totally different from any precious literary language. It is the kind of colloquial language belonging to the lower class, the living local American English.D.He has created a special humor to satirize social injustice and the decayed convention.英美文学考前串讲（2）Part One: English LiteratureChapter I An Introduction to Old and Medieval English Literature & The Renaissance PeriodI. Choose the right answer:1. Dr. Faustus is a play based on the _____legend of a magicianaspiring for ____ and finally meeting his tragic end as a result of selling his soul to the Devil.A.British/ immoralityB.French/moneyC.German/knowledgeD.American/political powerAnswer: C (可参考课本P21)2. _____, is a typical example of Old English poetry, is regarded today as the national epicof the Anglo-Saxons.A.The Wife’s ComplaintB.BeowulfC.The Dream of the RoodD.The SeafarerAnswer: B (可参考课本P1)3.It’s Chaucer alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English Society in his masterpiece__________.A.The Canterbury TalesB.The Legend of Good WomenC.Troilus and CriseydeD. The Romaunt of the Rose.Answer: A (可参考课本P4)4. The Essence of Renaissance, the most significant intellectual movement, was_____.A. Geographical explorationB. Religious reformationC. Publishing and translationD. Humanism.Answer: D (可参考课本P8)5. “Prince Arthur’s greatest mission is his search for Gloriana, with whom he has fallen in love through a love vision.”The two figures come from_____.A.Paradise LostB.Dr. FaustusC.The Faerie QueeneD.HamletAnswer: C (可参考课本P13)6. In “Sonnet 18”, Shakespeare_________________.A.Meditate on the destructive power of time and eternal beauty by poetry.B.Satirize human’s vanity.C.Predict the eternity of love.D.Eulogize the power of the beauty.Answer: A (P37)7. ____ gave new vigor to the blank verse with his “mighty lines” and make ’blank verse’the principle vehicle of expression in drama.A.SurreyB.WyattC.MarloweD.SidneyAnswer: C (P21)8. Shakespeare’s greatest tragedies are the following works except____.A.HamletB.King LearC.Romeo and JulietD.OthelloAnswer: C (P33)9. The Renaissance refers to between 14th----mid-17th century, which was under the reign of Queen___and absolute monarchy in England reached its summit, and in which the ’real mainstream (真正的文学主流)’ was ____.A.Victoria/poetryB.Elizabeth/ dramaC.Mary/ novelD.James/ dramaAnswer: B (P11)10. In The Legend of Good Women, Chaucer used for the first time in English the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter, which is to be called later____.A.The Spenserian stanzaB.The heroic coupletC.The blank verseD.The free verseAnswer: B (P5)11. The Redcrosse Knight in “The Faerie Queene” stands for_____, and Una stands for_____.A.bravery/ chastityB.holiness/ truthC.error/ deliveryD.true gentleman/ lady.Answer: B (P16)12. Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of the characteristics of Renaissance?A.Rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture.B.Attempt to remove the old feudalist ideas in Medieval Europe.C.Exaltation of man’s pursuit of happiness in his life, and tolerance of man’s f oibles.D.Praise of man’s efforts in soul delivery and personal salvation.Answer: D (P7)13. “The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune” is an example of ______.A.MetaphorB.SimileC.IronyD.PersonificationAnswer: A (P55)14. _____ introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.A.Anglos/ SaxonsB.Normans/ Anglo-SaxonsC.Greeks/ RomansD.Romans/ NormansAnswer: B (P11)15. It is ___ alone who, for the first time in English literature presented to us a comprehe nsive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life.A.Edmund SpenserB.Geoffrey ChaucerC.William ShakespeareD.John DonneAnswer: B (P4)16. The following belong to the characteristics of ’metaphysical poetry’ represented by ’John Donne’ except___.A.ConceitsB.Actual imagery and simple dictionC.Argumentative formD.Elegant styleAnswer: D (P63)17. Paradise Lost is actually a story taken from____.A.Greek MythologyB.Roman legendC.The Old TestamentD.The New TestamentAnswer: C (P73)18. In “Paradise Lost”, Satan says “We may with more successful hope resolve/ To wage by force or guile eternal war, / Irreconcilable to our grand Foe” What does the “Eternal war”mean?A.To remove God from his throneB.To burn the Heaven DownC.To corrupt God’s creation of man and woman-----Adam and EveD.To beguile into a snake to threaten man’s lifeAnswer: C (P71, 节选部分在P75)19. _____, the first of the great tragedies, is generally regarded as Shakespeare’s most po pular play o n the stage, for it has the qualities of a “blood-and-thunder” thriller and a ’philosophical exploration’ of life and death.A.The Merchant of VeniceB.HamletC.King LearD.The Winter’s TaleAnswer: B (P33)20. It was ___and ___ the two conquests that provided the source for the rise and growth ofEnglish literature.A.Anglos/ SaxonsB.Normans/ Anglo-SaxonsC.Romans/ NormansD.Greeks/ RomansAnswer: B (P1)21. Paradise Lost is ___’s masterpiece, which is an epic in 12 books, written in blank verse, abo ut the heroic revolt of Satan against God’s authority.A.John DonneB.Christopher MarloweC.John MiltonD.Edmund SpenserAnswer: C (P71)22. The following description fit into Milton ’except’_____.A.a great revolutionary poet of the 17th centuryB.an outstanding political pamphleteerC.a great stylist and master of blank verseD.a kind of elegant and refine style.Answer: D (P70---73)23. _____is not written by John Milton.A.Samson AgonistesB.Paradise LostC.Paradise regainedD.TamburlaineAnswer: D (P71)24. Marlow’s greatest achievement is that he perfected the ’blank verse’, and he is regarded as ’the pioneer of English drama’, which of the following is not written by him?A.TamburlaineB.The Jew of MaltaC.The Passionate to His LoveD.The Sun RisingAnswer: D (P20)25. ____Essays is the first example of that genre in English literature, which has been recgnized as an important landmark in the development of English prose.A.John Milton’sB.Francis Bacon’sC.Montaigne’sD.Thomas Gray’sAnswer: B (P58)26._____Was known as “the poets’poet”.A.William ShakespeareB.Edmund SpenserC.John DonneD.John MiltonAnswer: B (P15)27. “And we will make thee beds of roses / And a thousand fragrant posies/ A cap of flowers, and a kirtle/ Embroidered all with leaves of myrtle.”The above lines are probably taken from______.A.Spenser’s The Faerie Queene27.B.John Donne’s The Sun RisingC.Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18D.Marlow’s The Passionate Shepherd to His Love.Answer: D (P28)28. Which of the following statement best illustrates the theme of Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18?A.The speaker eulogizes the power of Nature.B.The speaker satirizes human vanity.C.The speaker praises the power of artistic creation.D.The speaker meditates on man’s salvation.Answer: C (P37)II. Read the quoted part and answer the questions:1.“For herein Fortune shows herself more kindThan is her custom. It is still her useTo let the wretched man outlive his wealth,To view with hollow eye and wrinkled browAn age of poverty; from which ling’ring pe nanceOf such misery doth she cut me off”1.Identify the title of the works and author.2.Explain “from which…cut me off”.3.What happened to him, which caused the words?参考答案:The lines are from “The Merchant of Venice”,William Shakespeare. (P48)2) This sentence means she, ’Lady Fortune(命运女神)’, is more kind to him because she is taking away both his wealth and life.3) The speaker is Antonio, it’s said that his ship have all been lost, and he is penniless, and will have to pay the pound of flesh. (Because Shylock has made a strange bond that requiresAntonio to pay him a pound of flesh if he can’t repay him the money that he borrowed for his friend in due time.) (P38)2.“Read not to contract and confuse, not to believe and take for granted, nor to find talk and discourse, but to weigh and consider”1)Identify the work and author.2)What idea does the passage express?参考答案：1) The sentence comes from “Of Studies”written by ’Francis Bacon’. (P61)2) The Sentence talks about the proper way to read: When you r ead, don’t be puzzled by the content of the book; don’t take it for granted; don’t quote too much from the book; before accepting its idea, you’d better think about its shortcomings and consider it from all sides.3.“Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st;Nor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st:So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.1) Where does the poem comes from? Who wrote it?What does “eternal lines”mean?Interpret it briefly.参考答案：1) The poem is “Shall I Compare thee to a Summer’s Day”, by Shakespeare. (P38)2) Eternal lines means the lines of the poem and other sonnets. (P38)3) It means: you will not lose your beauty, and death will not threaten you with darkness, either. As long as man can live in theworld, they will see your beauty in my lines of my poem, which has given you eternal life. (Or A nice summer’s day is usually transient, but the beauty in poetry can last for ever. (P37)4.“…All is no lost: the unconquerable will,And study of revenge, immortal hate,And courage never to submit or yield:And what is else not to be overcome?……Irreconcilable to our grand Foe”1) Please identify the poem and the poet.2) Interpret“all is not lost”.3) What does the whole passage mean?参考答案：1) It is taken from John Milton’s “Paradise Lost”.(P74)2) “all is not lost”is the word from Satan----Satan and other angels rebel against God, but they are driven from Heaven into hell. In the fire of the hell, Satan is determined to fight back, just like what he says: not all is lost, the unconquerable will, the deep hatred, and the courage to fight till death still remain. (P71)3) This passage shows Satan’s will not to submit (服从), and the desire to long for freedom; to beg God for mercy and worship his power is more shameful and disgraceful than the downfall.(P71)5.“If he be not apt to beat over matters, let him study the lawyer’s cases. So every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.”Questions:3)What does “beat over matters”mean?4)What does “receipt’refer to?5)From which essay does the above sentences come, what is the essay mainly about?参考答案：1)It means: make through examinations of things. (P63)2)“Receipt”refers to cure, prescription. (P63)3)The sentences are from “Of Studies”(Francis Bacon). It is the most popular of bacon’s essays. It analyzes what studies chiefly serve for, the different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies, and how studies exert influence over human character. (P60—61)6.“What, is great Mephistophilis to passionateFor being deprived of the joys of heaven?Learn thou of Faustus manly fortitudeAnd scorn those joys thou never shalt possess.……Say he will spare him Four and twenty yearsLetting him live in all voluptuousnessHaving thee ever to attend on me…Questions:1)Identify the passage and author;2)“Say he surrenders up to him his soul”, who will surrender his soul? What for?3)Who are thee? What will he do?参考答案：1) The passage come s from “Dr.Faustus”written by Christopher Marlowe. (P25—26)2) Dr.Faustus will surrender his soul to devil. Because he wasa great scholar who has a strong desire to ’get knowledge’in vain, finally he ’made a bond’to sell his soul to Devil in return for 24 years of life in which he may get anything he desires. (P22)3) The “thee”, refers to “Mephistophilis”, the Devil’s servant.He helped Dr.Faustus to do anything he wants. (P22)7.“Busy old fool, unruly sun,Why does thou thus,Through windows and through curtains call on us?”Questions:6)Identify the work and author.7)What idea does the passage express?参考答案:1)The passage comes from “The Sun Rising”, written by ’John Donne’. (P66)2) The speaker questions the sun’s authority and speaks condescendingly, placing the sun in the status of a subordinate. In the lover’s kingdom, the sun has no right to dictate the time of day or the passing of seasons. His presence in their bedchamber is an intrusion on their privacy.III. Questions and answers:1.How do you know about Renaissance? Give a summery about English literature in the period?(No more than 150 words)参考答案:1.The Renaissance refers to the period between 14th----mid-17th century. It first started in Italy.2.The Renaissance means rebirth or revival----the discovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture.3.In essence, The Renaissance is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars tried to get rid of the old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie/middle class, and to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of Roman Catholic church.4.Humanism is the essence of Renaissance -----Man is the measure of all things. The humanism exalted/praised human nature and emphasized the dignity of human beings and the present life. They thought man had the right to enjoy the beauty of life and had the ability to perfect himself and made wonders, which got ready for the appearance of the great Elizabethan writers in Britain. Poetry and drama were the most outstanding literary forms.5.Shakespeare, Marlowe and Francis Bacon etc. were the remarkable representatives of the English Renaissance. (可参考课本P7---12)2. Please give a brief analysis of Hamlet’s “T o be or not to be”soliloquy (独白).参考答案:“To be or not to be”is ’a philosophical exploration of life and death’. The soliloquy condemned the hypocrisy and treachery and general corruption of the world, and revealed the character of Hamlet---so ’speculative, questioning, contemplative and melancholy./gloomy’. It was not because he was not able to take action to revenge, but because of his ’hesitative/hesitant character’, when the chance for acti on came, it seemed defeat.It can be interpreted as: Hamlet bears the heavy burden of the duty to revenge his father’s death, he is forced to live in the suspense of facts and fiction, language and action. He considers that it would be better to ’commit suicide’, but being scared of what might happen to him in the afterlife. So he put off the thing because of the sin. He considers the plan carefully only to find reason for not carrying it out. The soliloquy conveys ’the sense of world-weariness (厌世)’. (P33-34)3. What common features do the characters share in Marlow’s works? (No more than 150 words)参考答案:The creation of The Renaissance hero is one of Marlow’s contributions.1)Such a hero is always individualistic and full of ambition, facing bravely the challenge from god and men. They had human dignity and capacity, trying to get heaven/highest ideas on the earth by their own efforts.2)For example: T amburlaine is a character written by Marlowe. By depicting a great hero with high ambition and sheer brutal forc4e in conquering, Marlowe voiced the supreme desire of man for infinite/ limitless power and authority. In Dr.Faustus, Marlowe celebrated the human passion for knowledge, power and happiness.3) Tamburlaine and Dr.Faustus are typical in owning such Renaissance spirit, Tamburlaine, being a cruel conquer, found happiness in conquering other kingdom. Only death could defeat him. While Dr.Faustus, a more introspective and philosophical figure, had high spirit for knowledge but he had sin for having despair in God and trust in Devil. (P20—22)4. What are the main themes of Shakespeare’s plays?参考答案：Shakespeare’s plays are divided into 3 types: comedies, tragedies and historical plays.1) His historical plays are with the theme-----national unity under a might and just sovereign/ruler is necessary.2)In his romantic comedies, he takes an optimistic attitude toward love friendship and youth.3)In his tragedies, Shakespeare always portrays some nobleheroes, who faces the injustice of life and is caught ina difficult situation and whose fate is closely connected with the fate of his nation. Each hero has his weakness of nature. We also see the conflict between the individual and the evil force in the society. And his major characters are always individuals representing certain types.5. Please comment on the character of Satan in “Paradise Lost.”参考答案：Satan is a rebellious (叛逆的) figure against God in literature, defeated, he and his rebel angels were cast into hell. However, Satan refused to accept his failure, swearing that “all was not lost”and that he would revenge for his downfall. The freedom of the will is the keystone of Satan’s character, which was the important spirit of the rising middle class. While he tempted Adam and Eve, which proved his evilness.6. What are the characteristics of the Humanism?参考答案：1)’Humanism’is the essence of Renaissance.2)Humanists see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise (轻视) but to ’question, explore, and enjoy’.3)They also believe that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders (创造奇迹). (P8)英美文学考前串讲（3）Chapter 2 The Neoclassical PeriodI. Choose the right answer:1. ____brings Henry Fielding the name of the "Prose Homer".B.Tom JonesC.Robison CrusoeD.Colonel JackAnswer: B (P122)2. Alexander Pope worked painstakingly on his poemsand finally brought to its last perfection ______Drydenhad successfully used in his plays.A.the heroic coupletB.the free verseC.the blank verseD.the Spenserian stanzaAnswer: A (P92)3. Of all the 18th century novelists ___was the first to set out,both in theory and practice, to write specially a "comic epic in prose."A.Henry FieldingB.Daniel DefoeC.Jonathan SwiftD.John BunyanAnswer: A (P120)4. ____is the most successful religious allegory in the English language.A.Genesis AB.The Holy WarC.The Pilgrims progressD.ExodusAnswer: C (P85)5. In which of the following works can you find the proper names "Lilliput", "Brobdingnag", "Houyhnhnm" and "Yahoo"?B.The Faririe QueeneC.Gulliver’s travelsD.The School of ScandelAnswer: C (P108)6. "As shades more sweetly recommend the light,So modest plainness sets off sprightly wit;For works may have more wit than does’em goodAs bodies perish through excess of blood."In the above lines, Pope tries to sat that_______.A.more wit will make better poetryB.plainness is more important than wit in poetryC.too much wit will destroy good poetryD.plainness will make wit dullAnswer: C (P93-94)7. The Rape of the Lock by Alexander Pope is written in the formof a mock______, which describes the triviality of high society in a grand style.A.epicB.elegyC.sonnetD.odeAnswer: A (P92)8. Which of the following is NOT a typical feature ofSamuel Johnson’s language style?A.His sentences are long and well structured.B.His sentences are interwoven with parallel words.C.He tends to use informal and colloquial words.D.His sentences are complicated, but his thoughts are clearlyexpressed. Answer: C (P132)9. "The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power,And all that beauty, all that wealth e’er gave,Awaits alike the inevitable hour.In the above quoted passage, Thomas Gray intends to say that great family, power, beauty and wealth___________.A.will never make people lead to the same destination----paths of glory.B.will inevitably make people realize their glorious dreamsC.are the very best things to lead people to their gloriesD.will never prevent people from reaching their final destination---grave. Answer: D (P154)10. ____has been regarded by some as "Father of the English novel"for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel.A.John BunyanB.Henry FieldingC.Daniel DefoeD.Johnathan SwiftAnswer: B (P121)11. ____was very much concerned with the theme of the vanityof human wishes and tried to awaken men to this follyand hoped to cure them of it through his writing.A.Samuel JohnsonB.Jonathan SwiftC.Richard Brinsley SheridanD.Thomas GrayAnswer: A (P132)12. ____was the only important dramatist of the 18th century,in his plays, morality is the constant theme.A.Alexander PopeB.Richard Brinsley SheridanC.Samuel JohnsonD.George Bernard ShawAnswer: B (P136)13. As the representative of the Enlightenment, Pope was oneof the first to introduce___to England.A.RationalismB.CriticismC.RomanticismD.RealismAnswer: A (P91)14. The Rivals and ____are generally regarded as important linksbetween the masterpiece of Shakespeare and those of Bernard Shaw.A.The School for ScandalB.The DuennaC.Widower’s HousesD.The Doctor’s DilemmaAnswer: A (P137)15. ____is a sharp satire on the moral degeneracy(道德沦丧) of the aristocratic-bourgeois society in the 18th century England.A.The RivalsB.Gulliver’s TravelsC.Toms JonesD.The School for ScandalAnswer: D (P138)16. The poem "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard" by Thomas Grayis regarded as the most representative work of _____.A.The Metaphysical SchoolB.The Graveyard SchoolC.The Gothic SchoolD.The Romantic SchoolAnswer: B (P152)17. _______, written in heroic couplet by Pope, is consideredmanifesto of English Neoclassicism.A.An Essay of Dramatic PoetryB.An Essay on CriticismC.The Advancing of learningD.An Essay on FreedomAnswer: B (P93)18. ______is a typical feature of Swift’s writings.A.Elegant styleB.Causal narrationC.Bitter satire/doc/eb7726994.html,plicated sentence structureAnswer: C (P107)19. In the following writings by Henry Fielding,which brings him the name of the "Prose Homer"?A.The Coffee---House Politician.B.The Tragedy of Tragedies.C.The History of Tom Jones, A Foundling.D.The History of Amelia.Answer: C (P120)20. "Hold! See whether it is or not before you go to thedoor----I have a particular message for you if it should be my brother." The two sentences are found in ________.A.The School for ScandalB.The RivalsC.The CriticD.The Scheming LieutenantAnswer: A (P139)21. In terms of Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard, which is wrong?A.The author employs metaphor in this poem.B.The author excessively expresses his personal melancholy.C.Here he reveals his sympathy for the poor and the unknown.D.He mocks the great ones who despise the poor and bring havoc on them.Answer: B (P152-153)22. The Houyhnhnms depicted by Jonathan Swift in Gulliver’s Travels are________.A.horses that are endowed with reason.B.pigmies that are endowed with admirable qualitiesC.giants that are superior in wisdom.D.Hairy, wild, low and despicable creatures,who resemble human beings not only in appearancebut also in some other ways.Answer: A (P108)II. Read the quoted part and answer the questions:1. "Words are like leaves;and where they most abound,Much fruit of sense beneath is rarely found.False eloquence, like the prismatic glass,Its gaudy colors spreads on every place;The face of Nature we no more survey,All glares alike, without distinction gay."Questions:1) Identify the author and the passage;2) Name the devices used in the passage with examples;3) Explain "Words….found".4) What is the mainly implied idea of the passage?参考答案：1) The passage is from Pope’s "An Essay on Criticism". (P94)2) In the passage the author used "Simile" the device,e.g. "Words are like leaves" and "false eloquence,like the prismatic glass’ etc.3) The sentence means: Where/When too many words are used,they seldom express much sense.4) The passage implies authors shouldn’t stress too muchthe artificial use of Conceit or the external beauty of language,they should pay special attention to True Wit, which is best set in the plain style. (just as too many leaves will cover the fruits,too gaudy/ showy glass will hide the face the Nature,too false and eloquent language will hide the Wit in the articles.)2. "Let not Ambition mock their useful toil,Their homely joys, and destiny obscure;Nor Grandeur hear with a disdainful smileThe short and simple annals of the poor.The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power,。
00604自考英美文学选读-串讲课件讲义
4*4’英国2218’B1分）C2A1分）2>1—2分）3>2—3分）4>1—2分）5>3—4分）1>时间+来源（0.5分—1分）3>2—3分）4> 1分）5>0.5—1分）6>0.5—1分）3>1—2分）4>2—3分）5>1—2分）6>0.5—1分）介绍论述题中关于作1>0.5—1分）2>1—2分）1>0.5—1分）2>1—2分）literary trend1798-1832Lyrical Ballads in 1798Walter Scott's death in 1832.is a literary trend.It prevailed in(place)during the period of xxxx-xxxx,beginning with xxxx in (time),ending with in(time).was greatly influenced by the.Generally speaking, the expressed the ideology and sentiment of those classes......The great writers in this period are............时期th to mid-17th )时期 1.<<>>2.3.1.2. 1.2.3.pun 3.英国文学 1.2.3.1.英国小说之父the father of English Novels2.讽刺satire1.2.3. 1.2.details细腻英国文学Period Period1836-1901 1.2.3.T ·S4.1.2.critical realist 3.4.3.4.5. 1.2.1.2.1.2.3.4.5.6.现实Period 美国文学1.2.3.4.5.老人与海6.现代Period1.2.3.4.浪漫Period1.Old English Literature-(450——1066封建建立)a. Religious-——b. Secular--heroic age---<Beowulf>盎格鲁撒克逊人的史诗---a protector of people, fight against the nature.————•••例题例题【正确答案：B】Background:a by a①The of&②The new in&the&本质与主张③The in&to get rid of to new ideas that the the&to the of the early from theEngland①---②都铎)Traits of humanistic poetry: dramatistsWriters：1.早期---andPetrarchan)2.中期the Ageblank verse)3.后期抽象founder of modern science)Life381542I．5 history plays and 4 comedies. （apprenticeship 学徒时期）•5•III>;and.•4部.•,II. 5 history plays ,6 comedies and 2 tragedies (style became highly individualized)•5II>,I,II,V>•6（）••to•and•and loyal•其他•II. 5 history plays ,6 comedies and 2 tragedies (style became highly individualized) 2III. The Third stage---peak of his creation, included his greatest tragedies and his so-called dark comedies: ---Greatest four tragedies:<Hamlet><King Lear><Othello><Macbeth>III. The Third stage---peak of his creation, included his greatest tragedies and his so-called dark comedies:---Theme: The impossibility of certainty; the complexity of action;the mystery of death;the nation as a diseased body.blood-and-thunderand butIV. Principal Romantic tragicomedies: <The Tempest>①.②forth byto the one he人物塑造独白情节结构语言风格Paradise Lost<Lycidas挽歌<Areopagitica><Paradise LostThe is the“Fall of Man”.流放<Paradise Regained诱惑<Samson Agonistes>①②③④⑤例题例题【正确答案：B】background：Time:Background:Traits:Thoughts:节俭迷信EnlightmentLiterature ideas:教导.<A Modest ProposalLiterature ideas:Schools of literature:Daniel Defoe, Samuel Richardson, Henry Fielding, Laurence Sterne, Tobias George Smollett, and Oliver Goldsmith.2.Gothic novels ⋯⋯⋯Schools of literature:Daniel DefoeThe True born Englishman wonThe Review<Robinson Crusoe>②③坚韧④the lower-class people.选读<Robinson Crusoe> Theme:①②③创作风格：①②③方言。
最新7月全国自考英美文学选读试题及答案解析
全国2018年7月自考英美文学选读试题课程代码：00604请将答案填在答题纸相应的位置上（全部题目用英文作答）PART ONE (40 POINTS)I．Multiple Choice(40 points in all, 1 for each)Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.1. The first mass movement of the English working class and the early sign of the awakening of the poor, oppressed people is_____.A. The Enclosure MovementB. The Protestant ReformationC. The Enlightenment MovementD. The Chartist Movement2. Daniel Defoe’s works are all the following EXCEPT_____.A. Moll FlandersB. A Tale of a TubC. A Journal of the Plague YearD. Colonel Jack3. “Metaphysical Poetry” refers to the works of the 17th - century writers who wrote under the influenceof _____.A. John DonneB. Alexander PopeC. Christopher MarloweD. John Milton4. The most important play among Shakespeare’s comedies is _____.A. A Midsummer Night’s DreamB. The Merchant of VeniceC. As You Like ItD. Twelfth Night5. The most perfect example of the verse drama after Greek style in English is Milton’s _____.A. Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC. Samson AgonistesD. Areopagitica6. Which of the following descriptions of Enlightenment Movement is NOT true?A. It was a progressive intellectual movement that flourished in France.B. It was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centuries.C. The purpose was to enlighten the whole world with moderu philosophical and artistic ideas.D. The Enlighteners advocate individual education.7. Neoclassicists had some fixed laws and rules for prose EXCEPT_____.A. being preciseB. being directC. being flexibleD. being satiric8. A good style of prose“proper works in proper places”was defined by_____.A. John MiltonB. Henry FieldingC. Jonathan SwiftD.T.S. Eliot9. The major theme of Jane Austen’s novels is_____.A. love and moneyB. money and social statusC. social status and marriageD. love and marriage10. Wordsworth’s_____ is perhaps the most anthologized poem in English literature.A. “To a Skylark”B. “I Wondered Lonely as a Cloud”C. “An Evening Walk”D. “My Heart Leaps Up”11. William Blake’s work ______ marks his entry into maturity.A. Songs of ExperienceB. Marriage of Heaven and HellC. Songs of InnocenceD. The Book of Los12. Best of all the Romantic well- known lyric pieces is Shelley’s_____.A. “The Cloud”B. “To a Skylark”C. “Ode to a Nightingale”D. “Ode to the West Wind”13. In the Victorian Period _____ became the most widely read and the most vital and challenging expression of progressive thought.A. poetryB. novelC. proseD. drama14. In Charles Dickens’early novels, he attacks one or more specific social evils, _____is a good example of describing the dehumanizing workhouse system and the dark, criminal underworld life.A. David CopperfieldB. Oliver TwistC. Great ExpectationsD. Dombey and Son15. Thomas Hardy’s most cheerful and idyllic work is_____.A. The Return of the NativeB. Far from the Maddin CrowdC. Under the Greenwood TreeD. The Woodlanders16. The rise of _____and new science greatly incited modernist writers to make new explorations on human natures and human relationships.A. the existentialistic ideaB. the irrational philosophyC. scientific socialismD. social Darwinism17. In Modern English literature, the literary interest of _____ lay in the tracing of the psychological development of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehu-manizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature.A. George Bernard ShawB.T.S. EliotC. Oscar WildeD.D.H. Lawrence18. George Bernard Shaw’s _____ is a better play of the later period, with the author’s almost nihilistic bitterness on the subjects of the cruelty and madness of WWI and the aimlessness and disillusion of the young.A. Too True to Be GoodB. Mrs. Warren’s ProfessionC. Widowers’HousesD. Fanny’s First Play19. Renaissance first started in Italy, with the flowering of the following fields EXCEPT_____.A. architectureB. paintingC. sculptureD. literature20. English Romanticism,as a historical phase of literature,is generally said to have begun with the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s_____.A. Poetical SketchesB. A Defence of PoetryC. Lyrical BalladsD. The Prelude21. Charlotte Bront e ’s work _____ is famous for the depiction of the life of the middle - class working women, particularly governesses.A. Jane EyreB. Wuthering HeightsC. The ProffessorD. Shirley22. The Waste Land by T. S. Eliot is a poem concerned with the _____ breakup of a modern civilization in which human life has lost its meaning, significance and purpose.A. spiritualB. religiousC. politicalD. physical23. Perhaps Emily Dickinson’s greatest interpretation of the moment of _____ is to be found in “I heard a Fly buzz--when I died—”, a poem universally regarded as one of her masterpieces.A. fantasyB. birthC. crisisD. death24. The fiction of the American _____ period ranges from the comic fables of Washing-ton Irving to the social realism of Rebecca Harding Davis.A. RomanticB. RevolutionaryC. ColonialD. Modernistic25. The modern _____ technique was frequently and skillfully exploited by Faulkner to emphasize the reactions and inner musings of the narrator.A. stream - of - consciousnessB. flashbackC. mosaicD. narrative and argumentative26. By means of “_____,”Whitman believed, he has turned the poem into an openfield, an area of vital possibility where the reader can allow his own imagination to play.A. balanced structureB. free verseC. fixed verseD. regular rhythm27. In 1954, _____ was awarded the Nobel Prize for “his powerful style -forming mas tery of the art”of creating modern fiction.A. Ernest HemingwayB. Sherwood AndersonC. Stephen CraneD. Henry James28. The period ranging from 1865 to 1914 has been referred to as the Age of _____ in the literary history of the United States, which is actually a movement or tendency that dominated the spirit of American literature.A. RationalismB. RomanticismC. RealismD. Modernism29. When he was eighty - seven he read his poetry at the inauguration of President John F. Kennedy in 1961. This poet was_____.A. Ezra PoundB. Robert FrostC. E. E. CummingsD. Wallace Stevens30. The renowned American critic H. L. Mencken regarded _____ as “the true father of our national literature.”A. Bret HarteB. Walt WhitmanC. Washington IrvingD. Mark Twain31. We can easily find in Theodore Dreiser’s fiction a world of jungle, where “kill or to be killed”was the law. Dreiser’s _____ found expression in almost every book he wrote.A. naturalismB. romanticismC. cubismD. classicalism32. A preoccupation with the Calvinistic view of _____ and the mystery of evil marked the works of Hawthorne, Melville and a host of lesser writers.A. love and mercyB. bitterness and hatredC. original sinD. eternal life33. “H e possessed none of the usual aids to a writer’ s career: no money, no friend in power, no formal education worthy of mention, no family tradition in letters. ”This is a description most suitable to the American writer_____.A. Henry JamesB. Theodore DreiserC. W.D. Howells D. Nathaniel Hawthorne34. People generally considered _____ to be Henry James’ masterpiece, which incar nates the clash between the Old World and the New in the life journey of an American girl in a European cultural environment.A. The EuropeansB. Daisy MillerC. The Portrait of A LadyD. The Private Life35. The Jazz Age of the 1920s characterized by frivolity and carelessness is brought vividly to life in_______.A. The Great GatsbyB. The Sun Also RisesC. The Grapes of WrathD. Tales of the Jazz Age36. Guided by the principle of adhering to the truthful treatment of life, the American _______ introduced industrial workers and farmers, ambitious businessmen and vagrants, prostitutes and unheroic soldiers as major characters in fiction.A. romanticistsB. modernistsC. psychologistsD. realists37. The American literary spokesman of the Jazz Age is often acclaimed to be_______.A. Henry JamesB. Robert FrostC. William FaulknerD.F. Scott Fitzgerald38. By writing Moby - Dick, _______ reached the most flourishing stage of his literary creativity.A. Herman MelvilleB. Edgar Ellen PoeC. William FaulknerD. Theodore Dreiser39. Faulkner once said that _____ is a story of “lost innocence,”which proves itself to be an intensification of the theme of imprisonment in the past.A. Light in AugustB. The Sound and the Fur yC. Absalom, Absalom!D. The Hamlet40. Hawthorne was not a Puritan himself, but his view of man and human history origina ted, to a great extent, in_______.A. CalvinismB. PuritanismC. RealismD. NaturalismPART TWO (60 POINTS)Ⅱ. Reading Comprehension (16 points in all, 4 for each)Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.41. Behold her, single in the field,Yon solitary Highland lass!Reaping and singing by herself;Stop here, or gently pass!Alone she cuts and binds the grain,And sings a melancholy strain;O listen! For the Vale profoundIs overflowing with the sound.Questions:A. Identify the poet.B. What’ s the rhyme scheme for the stanza?C. What’s the theme of the poem?42. The following quotation is from Mrs. Warren’s Profession:VIVIE: [ intensely interested by this time] No; but why did you choose that business?Saving money and good management will succeed in any business.MRS. WARREN: Yes, saving money. But where can a woman get the money to save in any other business?Could you save out of four shillings a week and keep yourself dressed as well? Not you. Of course, ifyou’ re a plain woman and cant earn anything more ; or if you have a turn for music, or the stage, ornewspaper - writing ; that’s different...Questions :A. Identify the playwright of the above quotation.B. What business do you think Mrs. Warren is involved in?C. What's the theme of the play?43. My little horse must think it queerTo stop without a farmhouse nearBetween the woods and frozen lakeThe darkest evening of the year.Questions:A. Identify the poet and the title of the poem from which this stanza is taken.B. What figure of speech is used in this stanza?C. Briefly interpret the meaning of this stanza.44. “Where are we going, Dad?”Nick asked.“Over to the Indian camp. There is an Indian lady very sick. ”“Oh,”said Nick.Across the bay they found the other boat beached. Uncle George was smoking a cigar in the dark. The young Indian pulled the boat way up on the beach. Uncle George gave both the Indians cigars.Questions :A. Identify the author and the title of the work from which the passage is taken.B. What does Dad imply when he says “There is an Indian lady very sick”?C. Why is Dad going to the Indian camp?Ⅲ. Questions and Answers (24 points in all, 6 for each)Give a brief answer to each of the following 9uestions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.45. What’ s the literary style of Shelley as a Romantic poet?46. What are the main features of Bernard Shaw’s plays with regard to the theme, charac-terization and plot?47. Henry James’ literary criticism is an indispensable part of his contribution to literature. What’s his outlook inliterary criticiam?48. Local colorism is a unique variation of American literary realism. Who is the most famous local colorist?What are local colorists most concerned?IV. Topic Discussion(20 points in all, 10 for each)Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.49. Define modernism in English literature. Name two major modernistic British writers and list one major workby each.50. Briefly discuss the term “The Lost Generation”and name the leading figures of this literary movement (Giveat least three).。
自考英美文学选读要点总结精心整理
英美文学选读要点总结精心整理[英国』Chapter1 The Renaissance period（14世纪至十七世纪中叶）文艺复兴1. Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。
2. the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things.人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以“人”为中心，人是万物之灵。
3. Renaissance humanists found in then classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy.人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到充足的论据，来赞美人性，并开始注意到人类是崇高的生命，人可以不断发展完善自己，而且世界是属于他们的，供他们怀疑，探索以及享受。
4. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists.托马斯.摩尔，克利斯朵夫.马洛和威廉.莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表。
5. Wyatt introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.怀亚特将彼特拉克的十四行诗引进英国。
新大纲自考《英美文学选读》笔记总结-背完必过
新大纲自考《英美文学选读》笔记总结-背完必过(总65页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--《英美文学选读》笔记背完必过Part One: English LiteratureAn Introduction to Old and Medieval English LiteratureI Understanding and application: (理解应用)1. England’s inhabitants are Celts. And it is conquered by Romans, Anglo Saxons and Normans. The Anglo-Saxons brought the Germanic language and culture to England, while Normans brought the Mediterranean civilization, including Greek culture, Rome law and the Christian religion. It is the cultural influence of these two conquests that provided the source for the rise and growth of English literature.2. The old English literature extends from about 450 to 1066, the year of the Norman conquest of England.3. The old English poetry that has survived can be divided into two groups: The religious group and the secular one4. Beowulf: a typical example of Old English poetry is regarded as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons. It is an example of the mingling of nature myths and heroic legends.5. After the Norman’s conquest, three languages co-existed in England. French is the official language that is used by king and the Norman lords. Latin is the principal tongue of church affairs and in universities. Old English was spoken only by the common English people.6. In the second half of 14th century, English literature started to flourish with the appearance of writers like Geoffrey Chaucer, William Langland, John Gower, and othersII Recite: (识记再现)1. Romance:①It uses narrative verse or prose to sing knightly adventures or other heroic deeds is a popular literary form in the medieval period.②It has developed the characteristic medieval motifs of the quest, the test, the meeting with the evil giant and the encounter with the beautiful beloved.③The hero is usually the knight, who sets out on a journey to accomplish some missions. There are often mysteries and fantasies in romance.④Romantic love is an important part of the plot in romance.Characterization is standardized, While the structure is loose and episodic, the language is simple and straightforward.⑤The importance of the romance itself can be seen as a means of showing medieval aristocratic men and women in relation to their idealized view of the world.2. Heroic couplet:Heroic couplet is a rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter. It is Chaucer who used it for the first time in English in his work The Legend of Good Woman.3. The theme of Beowulf:The poem presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage heroic struggles against the hostile forces of the natural world under a wise and mighty leader. The poem is an example of the mingling of the nature myths and heroic legends.4. The Wife of Bath in The Canterbury Tales:The Wife of Bath is depicted as the new bourgeois wife asserting her independence. Chaucer develops his characterization to a higher artistic level by presenting characters with both typical qualities and individual dispositions.5. Chaucer’s achievement:①He presented a comprehensive realistic picture of his age and created a whole gallery of vivid characters in his works, especially in The Canterbury Tales.②He anticipated a new ear, the Renaissance, to come under the influence of the Italian writers.③He developed his characterization to a higher level by presenting characters with both typical qualities and individual dispositions.④He greatly contributed to the maturing of English poetry. Today, Chaucer’s reputation has beensecurely established as one of the best English poets for his wisdom, humor and humanity.6. “The F ather of English poetry”:Originally, Old English poems are mainly alliterative verses with few variations.①Chaucer introduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types to English poetry to replace it.②In The Romaunt of the Rose (玫瑰传奇), he first introduced to the English the octosyllabic couplet (八音节对偶句).③In The Legend of Good Women, he used for the first time in English heroic couplet.④And in his masterpiece, The Canterbury Tales, he employed heroic couplet with true ease and charmfor the first time in the history of English literature.⑤His art made him one of the greatest poets in English; John Dryden called him “the father of Englishpoetry”.【例题】The work that presented, for the first time in English literature, a comprehensive realistic picture of the medieval English society and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life is most likely ______________. (0704)A. William Langland’s Piers PlowmanB. Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury TalesC. John Gower’s Confession AmantisD. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight【答案】B【解析】本题考查的是中世纪时期几位诗人作品的创作主题和创作范围。
自考英美文学选读00604考前串讲（6）
⾃考英美⽂学选读00604考前串讲（6）英美⽂学考前串讲（6）Chapter 5 The Modern PeriodI. Choose the right answer:1. The three trilogies of_____Forsyte novels are masterpieces of critical realism in the early 20th century.A. D. H. Lawrence’sB. John Galsworthy’sC. James Joyce’sD. Thomas Hardy’sAnswer: B (P337)2. ____is the most outstanding stream-consciousness novelist.A. T.S. EliotB. Richard Brinsley SheridanC. James JoyceD. Oscar WilderAnswer: D (P317)3. In his famous poem_____, Yeats explores the problems of death, love, old age and art.A. "Leda and the Swan"B. "No Second Troy"C. "September 1913"D. "Sailing to Byzantium"Answer: D (P354)4. ____is a poem concerned with the spiritual breakup of a modern civilization in which human life has lost its meaning, significance and purpose.A. UlyssesB. The Waste LandC. The Confidential ClerkD. DublinersAnswer: B (P360)5. The Rainbow and_____are generally regarded as D.H. Lawrence’s masterpieces.A. Women in LoveB. Son s and LoversC. Lady Chatterley’s LoverD. The Plumed SerpentAnswer: A (P370)6. In ____, James Joyce intends to present a microcosm of the whole human life by providing aninstance of how a single event contains all the events of its kind, and how history is recapitulated in the happenings of one day.A. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young ManB. DublinersC. UlyssesD. Finnegans WakeAnswer: C (P388)7. Structurally and thematically, George Bernard Shaw follows the great tradition _______.A. ModernismB. RomanticismC. RealismD. NaturalismAnswer: C (P323)8. Galsworthy was a _____writer, having inherited the fine traditions of the great Victorian novelists of the critical realism such as Dickens and Thackeray.A. naturalisticB. romanticC. realisticD. conventionalAnswer: D (P338)9. In "The Forsyte Saga" by John Galsworthy, a typical Forsyte has a remarkable characteristic-----a strong sense of______.A. moneyB. propertyC. successD. privilegeAnswer: B (P339)10. In "The Lake Isle of Innisfree", William Bulter Yeats expresses his ____________.A. hope to go abroadB. desire to escape into a "fairyland"C. love for common lifeD. hatred for warAnswer: B (P356)11. In which of the following poems by Yeats did you find the allusion to Helen and Trojan War?A. Sailing to ByzantiumB. Down by the Sally GardenC. The Lake Isle of InnisfreeD. Leda and the SwanAnswer: D (P354)12. Of the following poems by T.S. Eliot, which is hailed as a landmark and a model of the 20th Century English Poetry?A. Poems 1909----1925B. The Hollow MenC. Prufrock and Other ObservationsD. The Waste LandAnswer: D (P359)13. "The yellow fog that rubs its back upon the windowpanes,/ The yellow smoke that rubs its muzzle on the windowpanes/ Linked its tongue into the corners of the evening,/ Lingered upon the pools that stand in drains." The stanza is takenfrom_________.A. T.S. Eliot’s "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock"B. Emily Dickinson’s "Because I could not stop for Death"C. Alfred Tennyson’s "Break, Break, Break"D. William Wordsworth’s "I wandered Lonely as a Cloud"Answer: A (P363---364)14. Which of the following best describes the speaker of ’The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock"?A. He is a man of an action.B. He is a man of apathy.C. He is a man of inactivity.D. All the above are wrong.Answer: C (P363)15. Of the following works by D.H. Lawrence, _______established his position as novelist.A. The White PeacockB. The TrespasserC. Women in LoveD. Sons and LoversAnswer: D (P370)16. Which of the following is considered to be a better-structured novel?A. Women in LoveB. Son s and LoversC. The RainbowD. Lady Chatterley’s LoverAnswer: A (P372)17. ’The Lawrence trilogy" refers to the following three plays except ______.A. A Collier’s Friday Night]B. The Daughter -in-LawC. The Widowing of Mrs. HolroyedD. Lady Chatterley’s LoverAnswer: D (P373)18. Which of the following writings is not the novel of D.H. Lawrence’s?A. Sons and LoversB. A Portrait of the Artist as a Yong ManC. The White Peacock.D. The RainbowAnswer: B (P369---370)19. Of the following writings by James Joyce, which is a prime example of modernism in literature?A. UlyssesB. A Portrait of the Artist as a Yong ManC. DublinersD. Finnegans WakeAnswer: A (P386)20. Which of the following is not true according to James Joyce?A. Ulysses has become a prime example of modernism in literature.B. Joyce is regarded as the most prominent stream-of-consciousness novelist.C. Joyce is a realistic writer in English literature history.D. His novel "A Portrait of the Artist as a Young man" is a naturalistic account of the hero’s bitter experiences and his final artistic and spiritual liberation.Answer: C (P386---389)II. Read the quoted part and answer the questions:1. Analyze the poem of T. S. Eliot -"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock"1) "In the room the women come and goTalking of Michelangelo"<1> Why does the sentence repeat in the poem for several times?Answer:The sentence symbolizes the remote and faraway things, it implies the inability to face up with the reality and the life of the hero. (P363)2) "And indeed there will be timeFor the yellow smoke that slides along the street, ...There will be time, there will be time ...."<1> What deep implication can you get from the passage?Answer:The hero was unable to face up with the life and reality bravely, but he was anxious to find timepassing so quickly that he was very depressed. The passage shows the tragic character of the indecision of the young man. (P363)3) "I have measured out my life with coffee spoons;I know the voices dying with a dying fallBeneath the music from the father room.So how should I presume?<1> What did the speaker presume?<2> Interpret the excerpt.Answer:<1> He will propose marriage to a girl, but he dare not.<2> The Excerpt shows the futile and boring life of the upper class. (Every day, they drink coffee, listen to music, but they can’t really enjoy the pleasure of life, leading a boring life.)4) "I should have been a pair of ragged clawsScuttling across the floor of silent seas."<1> Interpret it.Answer:If he had been a crab on the ocean bed, maybe he would have been better. The motion of the crab suggests futility and growing old. (P368 注释5)5) "But as if a magic lantern threw the nerves in patterns on a screen:Would it have been worthwhile" (此节选部分在P367)<1> Interpret it.Answer:The sentence implies the speaker’s incapability of facing up to love and to life. He is always fearful that others will see through his ideas and truth of falling love, which makes himself live in frightening and restlessness. (P363)2. "I will arise and go now, and go to Innisfree,And a small cabin build there, of clay and wattles made:Nine bean-rows will I have there, a hive for the honeybee,And live alone in the bee-loud glade"1) Identify the poem and poet;2) Interpret the poem.Answer:1) The poem is "The Lake Isle of Innisfree", which was written by William Butler Yeats. (P355)2) In the poem, the poet imagined a place where he could live like a hermit, implying that he was tired of the life of his day, he sought to escape into and ideal "fairyland" where he could live calmly as a hermit and enjoyed the beauty of the nature.3. "North Richmond Street, being blind, was a quiet street except at the hour when the Christian Brothers’ school set the boys free ..., gazed at one another with brown imperturbable faces."1) Comment the main tone of the story with the concrete images of the passage.2) Analyze the theme of the story.3) Explain the devices of symbols with the examples of the article.Answer:1) The tone of the story is a fine tuned melancholy.The scene is drab, lifeless. The Christian School sounds like prison -it sets the boys free. The brown color also showed the tone of the story. (节选部分在P390)2) The story introduced a little boy’s love experience, expressing his awareness of reality and expectation, and pointing out the drabness and harshness of the adult world. (P385)3) In this article the author used many images to show the symbols meaning, expressing the frustrated quest for beauty.(P390)For example: The little boy lived with his uncle and aunt -a symbolof the isolation and the lack of proper relationship;His uncle forgot his arrangement is a symbol of the boy’s failure;The deserted train symbol the indifference relationship, and "all the stalls were in closed and the greatest part of the hall was in darkness" and "the upper part of the hall was now completely dark" symbol the destined failure of the boy’s quest for the beauty.4. "You are not, my son. Battle-battle -and suffer. It’s about all you do, as far as I can see." "But why not, my dear? I tell you it’s the best ---""It isn’t. And one ought to be happy, one ought."By this time Mrs. Morel was trembling violently ..."Eh, my dear -say rather you want me to live."1) Name the works and its writer.2) Who are the two speakers? How do you know her?Answer:1) The novel is named "Sons and Lovers". It’s the works of D. H. Lawrence. (节选部分在P383)2) The two speakers are Mrs. Morel and her son (Paul).Mrs. Morel is a strong-willed, intelligent and ambitious woman. Having been disappointed with her husband, a coal miner, she puts all her feeling on her son, hoping to realize her ideas of success, happiness and social esteem. The distorted relationship reflects the inhuman mechanical civilization and the indifference of the men. (P375—376)III. Questions and answers:1. What are the characters of Modernism?Answer:1) Modernism rose out of scepticism and disillusionment of capitalism;2) The French symbolism heralded modernism;3) Modernism takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis as its theoretical base;4) The major theme of Modernism are the distorted, alienated and ill relationship between man and society, man and nature, man and man, man and himself;5) The Modernists concern about the private, subjective, inner individual and the tone is disillusioned. (P312—313)2. D. H. Lawrence is regarded as revolutionary, how do you know his works?Answer:1) Lawrence’s interest lay in the psychological development of his character;2) He criticized the dehumanizing effect of the capitalism industrialization on human which turned man into inhuman machines and unhealthy animal;3) He believes the life impulse -the sexual impulse was man’s most important instinct, any conscious repression would cause distortion of the man’s personality;4) He explored the relationship of man and woman in psychology;5) He believed the alienation and the perversion were caused by the desire for power and money. (P317)3. What philosophical ideas influenced Modernism?Answer:1) Karl Marx’s scientific socialism;2) Darwin’s theory evolution -the social Darwinism "survival of the fittest";3) Einstein’s theory of relativity;4) Freud’s analytical psychology;5) The irrational philosophy. (P311—P312)4. Common sense about "The Waste Land"Answer:"The Waste Land" is T. S. Eliot’s masterpiece:1) The poem presents a panorama of physical disorder and spiritual desolation;2) It reflects the mood of disillusionment, frustration, and despair of the whole post-war generation;3) It concerns with the spirit breakup that man has lost his meaning, significance, and purpose of life;4) The poem derogated/criticized the civilized world for its horror, menace, anguish and futility. (P359—362)5. Analyze the background of the Modernism.Answer:1) Natural and social sciences advanced greatly, capitalism came into its monopoly stage, the gap between the poor and the rich was deepened;2) The First World War and The Second World War happened, which influenced people greatly;3) All kinds of philosophical ideas were produced. (P311—312)6. Say something about Freudian and Jungian’ psycho-analysis.Answer:1) Multiple/many levels of consciousness exist in the human mind at the same time;2) Man’s present are the sum of his past, present and future;3) Truth exists in the unique, isolated, and private world of each individual.4) The theory creates "steam-of-consciousness". (P316)7. Why Modernism is different from Realism?Answer:In many aspects, Modernism acts against Realism;1) Modernism rejects rationalism, while Realism stresses it;2) Modernism includes internal, subjective, psychological world, while Realism stresses external, objective, and material world;3) Modernism advocates new forms and new techniques, and it casts away all the traditional elements such as: story, character, etc. while Realism stresses it.4) Modernism works are called anti-novel, anti-poetry, anti-drama etc. (P313)8. List the representative authors of the "Stream of Consciousness" and explain the theory.Answer:1) Stream of Consciousness is a narrative method to describing the unspoken thoughts and feelings of the characters, but not using objective description or conventional dialogue.Authors represent the thought, emotions without logical sequence or syntax and make the characters tell the inner movement of consciousness and the thoughts.2) The representative authors are: James Joyce "Ulysses"Virginia Woolf "Mrs. Dalloway"Richardson "Pilgrimage"T. S. EliotHenry JamesGeorge Eliot (P389)。
自考英美文学心得体会
自考英美文学心得体会作为一个非英语专业的自考生，选择了英美文学作为选修课程，确实是一次非常愉快和有收获的学习经历。
通过学习英美文学，我对英美文学的发展历程、作家的创作风格和文学作品的内涵有了更深入的了解和体会。
下面，我将分享自己的心得和体会。
首先，学习英美文学让我对英美文学的发展历程有了更为清晰的认识。
我了解到英美文学起源于古代的民间诗歌和史诗，随着时间的推移，逐渐发展成为包含各个时期和风格的丰富文化瑰宝。
从中世纪的文艺复兴到当代的现代主义和后现代主义，英美文学一直在不断演变和创新。
通过学习不同时期的代表作品，我深刻体会到不同时期的社会背景和文化环境对作品创作和表达方式的影响。
例如，在维多利亚时期，社会的道德观念和伦理价值观对作品中人物的塑造和故事的展开产生了深远影响。
这让我深刻认识到文学作品不仅仅是一种艺术形式，更是反映社会和时代的表达方式。
其次，学习英美文学不仅让我了解到了众多优秀作家的创作风格，更让我受益匪浅。
无论是莎士比亚的戏剧、狄更斯的小说还是弗洛伊德的心理学研究，每个作家都有自己独特的表达方式和创作特点。
通过学习他们的作品，我不仅对英美文学的优秀传统有了更深入的了解，也从中汲取到了一些创作的灵感和技巧。
比如，我学到了如何写一篇更具有张力和冲击力的文章；如何根据角色的特点和背景塑造个性鲜明的形象；如何运用符号、暗示等手法进行隐喻的表达。
这些都是我在学习中获得的宝贵的财富，对我的写作提升起到了积极的促进作用。
最重要的是，通过学习英美文学，我深刻认识到文学作品的内涵和意义，并从中汲取到了一些人生的智慧和启发。
艺术家通过作品展示和探讨了人类生活的意义和困境，引发读者对自己和世界的思考。
通过阅读作品，我们可以感受到作家的心灵触动和情感表达，进而思考人生的意义和价值。
英美文学作为世界文学的重要组成部分，不仅展示了英美人民的文化和思想，更具有普世的人性关怀和思考。
比如，爱默生的《自助》启发我们勇敢面对人生困境，追求自我实现；萨曼塔·霍尔的《爱与幸福的密码》则引导我们思考人际关系和情感交流的重要性。
自考英美文学选读00604考前串讲(1-10)
英美文学考前串讲（1）前言：大家好！为了帮助广大的考生在有效的时间内达到较好的复习效果，我们总结了近几年来京城一些名师的串讲资料，以及上课老师所讲的重点内容．对于没有上过课的学生，相信它会给您一个指导性的作用，帮助您达到事半功倍的效果！而对于上过课的考生来说，再看以下的串讲内容效果当然会更好！以下的串讲内容包括三方面内容：第一部分：介绍考试题型及评分标准第二部分：考试习题集 (以串讲内容及课本重点知识为依据)．第三部分: 考试注意事项(由于时间有限，难免有不足，还请大家原谅!)Wish you all Success! Good Luck!Part I Introduction about Examination:1) 考试题型第一部分：选择题：I. Multiple Choice: (40 points, 1 point for each). Shakespeare’s greatest tragedies are the following works except ____.A. HamletB. King LearC. Romeo and JulietD. OthelloAnswer: C. (可参考课本P33)II. Reading Comprehension (16 points, 4 points for each)也就是根据选读中的一句话或一段话，回答三个问题，这些完成来自于书上，在以下的串讲中我们会给大家做具体的总结，以帮助大家顺利的通过考试！例如：2001年考过的一个题目：“Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere;/Destroy and Preserver’ hear, O hear!”Questions:A. Identify the poem and the poet.B. What is the "Wild Spirit"？C. What does the "Wild Spirit" destroy and preserve？Answer:A: Shelly’s "Ode to the West wind"雪莱的《西风颂》B. The West wind: "breath of Autumn’s being’’C. It destroys things /thoughts / idea that are dead, it preserves new life. (or seeds that represent new life or new birth.)(可参考课本P211)评分标准：A,B,各1分，C,2分. 语言错误酌情扣分第二部分是非选择题 (共44分)III. Questions and Answers (24 points in all, 6 points for each)例如："My boy!" said the old gentleman, learning over the desk. Oliver started at the sound. He might be excused for doing so, for the words were kindly said, and strange sounds frighten one. He trembled violently, and burst into tears." (Charles Dickens, Oliver Twist)Explain why the boy (Oliver Twist) started first, then trembled violently and burst into tears when the words were” kindly" said.参考答案：The boy started at the words because kind words were not expected; it is (was, must be) the first time in all his life that the boy (Oliver Twist) had been “kindly” greeted; strange sounds may predict another suffering/misfortune/torture/…) (At least one example from the text to back up the above statement.)评分标准：概述占4分, 例子占2分．语言错误酌情扣分．IV. Topic discussion (20 points in all, 10 points for each)Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topicsin English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.例如：Mark Twin presented the 19th century American in his own unique way. Discuss Twain’s art of fiction: the setting, the language, and the characters, etc., based on his novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.参考答案：Twain uses the Mississippi alley as his fictional kingdom, writing about the landscape and people, the customs and the dialects of one particular region, and therefore known as a local colorist. creates life-like characters, especially the unconventional Huckleberry Finn, who runs away from civilization and stands opposite to conventional village morality.uses a simple, direct vernacular language, totally different from any precious literary language. It is the kind of colloquial language belonging to the lower class, the living local American English.has created a special humor to satirize social injustice and the decayed convention.英美文学考前串讲（2）Part One: English LiteratureChapter I An Introduction to Old and Medieval English Literature & The Renaissance PeriodI. Choose the right answer:1. Dr. Faustus is a play based on the _____legend of a magician aspiring for ____ and finally meeting his tragic end as a result of selling his soul to the Devil.immoralitymoneyknowledgepolitical powerAnswer: C (可参考课本P21)2. _____, is a typical example of Old English poetry, is regarded today as the national epicof the Anglo-Saxons.Wife’s ComplaintDream of the RoodSeafarerAnswer: B (可参考课本P1)’s Chaucer alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehen sive realistic picture of the English Society in his masterpiece__________.Canterbury TalesLegend of Good Womenand CriseydeD. The Romaunt of the Rose.Answer: A (可参考课本P4)4. The Essence of Renaissance, the most significant intellectual movement, was_____.A. Geographical explorationB. Religious reformationC. Publishing and translationD. Humanism.Answer: D (可参考课本P8)5. “Prince Arthur’s greatest mission is his search for Gloriana, with whom he has fallen in love through a love vision.”The two figures come from_____.Lost. FaustusFaerie QueeneAnswer: C (可参考课本P13)6. In “Sonnet 18”, Shakespeare_________________.on the destructive power of time and eternal beauty by poetry.human’s vanity.the eternity of love.the power of the beauty.Answer: A (P37)7. ____ gave new vigor to the blank verse with his “mighty lines” and make ’blank verse’the principle vehicle of expression in drama.Answer: C (P21)8. Shakespeare’s greatest tragedies are the following works except____.Learand JulietAnswer: C (P33)9. The Renaissance refers to between 14th----mid-17th century, which was under the reign of Queen___and absolute monarchy in England reached its summit, and in which the ’real mainstream (真正的文学主流)’ was ____.poetrydramanoveldramaAnswer: B (P11)10. In The Legend of Good Women, Chaucer used for the first time in English the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter, which is to be called later____.Spenserian stanzaheroic coupletblank versefree verseAnswer: B (P5)11. The Redcrosse Knight in “The Faerie Queene” stands for_____, and Una stands for_____.chastitytruthdeliverygentleman/ lady.Answer: B (P16)12. Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of the characteristics of Renaissance？of ancient Roman and Greek culture.to remove the old feudalist ideas in Medieval Europe.of man’s pursuit of happiness in his life, and tolerance of man’s foibles.of man’s efforts in soul delivery and personal salvation.Answer: D (P7)13. “The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune” is an example of ______.Answer: A (P55)14. _____ introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.SaxonsAnglo-SaxonsRomansNormansAnswer: B (P11)15. It is ___ alone who, for the first time in English literature presented to us a comprehe nsive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life.SpenserChaucerShakespeareDonneAnswer: B (P4)16. The following belong to the characteristics of ’metaphysical poetry’ represented by ’John Donne’ except___.imagery and simple dictionformstyleAnswer: D (P63)17. Paradise Lost is actually a story taken from____.MythologylegendOld TestamentNew TestamentAnswer: C (P73)18. In “Paradise Lost”, Satan says “We may with more successful hope resolve/ To wage by force or guile eternal war, / Irreconcilable to our grand Foe” What does the “Eternal war”mean？remove God from his throneburn the Heaven Downcorrupt God’s creation of man and woman-----Adam and Evebeguile into a snake to threaten man’s lifeAnswer: C (P71, 节选部分在P75)19. _____, the first of the great tragedies, is generally regarded as Shakespeare’s most po pular play on the stage, for it has the qualities of a “blood-and-thunder” thriller and a ’philosophical exploration’ of life and death.Merchant of VeniceLearWinter’s TaleAnswer: B (P33)20. It was ___and ___ the two conquests that provided the source for the rise and growth ofEnglish literature.SaxonsAnglo-SaxonsNormansRomansAnswer: B (P1)21. Paradise Lost is ___’s masterpiece, which is an epic in 12 books, written in blank verse, about the heroic revolt of Satan against God’s authority.DonneMarloweMiltonSpenserAnswer: C (P71)22. The following description fit into Milton ’except’_____.great revolutionary poet of the 17th centuryoutstanding political pamphleteergreat stylist and master of blank versekind of elegant and refine style.Answer: D (P70---73)23. _____is not written by John Milton.AgonistesLostregainedAnswer: D (P71)24. Marlow’s greatest achievement is that he perfected the ’blank verse’, and he is regarded as ’the pioneer of English drama’, which of the following is not written by him？Jew of MaltaPassionate to His LoveSun RisingAnswer: D (P20)25. ____Essays is the first example of that genre in English literature, which has been recgnized as an important landmark in the development of English prose.Milton’sBacon’s’sGray’sAnswer: B (P58)26._____Was known as “the poets’ poet”.27. Shakespeare28. Spenser29. Donne30. Milton31.Answer: B (P15)32.27. “And we will make thee beds of roses / And a thousand fragrant posies/ A cap of flowers, and a kirtle/ Embroidered all with leaves of myrtle.” The above lines are probably taken from______.33.’s The Faerie Queene34. Donne’s The Sun Rising35.’s Sonnet 1836.’s The Passionate Shepherd to His Love.37.Answer: D (P28)38.28. Which of the following statement best illustrates the theme of Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18？39. speaker eulogizes the power of Nature.40. speaker satirizes human vanity.41. speaker praises the power of artistic creation.42. speaker meditates on man’s salvation.43.Answer: C (P37)44.II. Read the quoted part and answer the questions:45.1.“For herein Fortune shows herself more kind46.Than is her custom. It is still her use47.To let the wretched man outlive his wealth,48.To view with hollow eye and wrinkled brow49.An age of poverty; from which ling’ring penance50.Of such misery doth she cut me off”51. the title of the works and author.52.“from which…cut me off”.53. happened to him, which caused the words？54.参考答案:55.The lines are from “The Merchant of Venice”,56.William Shakespeare. (P48)57.2) This sentence means she, ’Lady Fortune(命运女神)’, is more kind to him because she is taking away both his wealth and life.58.3) The speaker is Antonio, it’s said that his ship have all been lost, and he is penniless, and will have to pay the pound of flesh. (Because Shylock has made a strange bond that requires Antonio to pay him a pound of flesh if he can’t repay him the money that he borrowed for his friend in due time.) (P38)59.2.“Read not to contract and confuse, not to believe and take for granted, nor to find talk and discourse, but to weigh and consider”60.1)Identify the work and author.61.2)What idea does the passage express？62.参考答案：63.1) The sentence comes from “Of Studies” written by ’Francis Bacon’. (P61)64.2) The Sentence talks about the proper way to read: When you read, don’t be puzzled by the content of the book; don’t take it for granted; don’t quote too much from the book; before accepting its idea, you’d better think about its shortcomings and consider it from all sides.65.3.“ Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st;66.Nor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade,67.When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st:68.So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,69.So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.70.1) Where does the poem comes from Who wrote it？71.What does “eternal lines” mean？72.Interpret it briefly.73.参考答案：74.1) The poem is “ Shall I Compare thee to a Summer’s Day”, by Shakespeare. (P38)75.2) Eternal lines means the lines of the poem and other sonnets. (P38)76.3) It means: you will not lose your beauty, and death will not threaten you with darkness, either. As long as man can live in the world, they will see your beauty in my lines of my poem, which has given you eternal life. (Or A nice summer’s day is usually transient, but the beauty in poetry can last for ever. (P37)77.4.“… All is no lost: the unconquerable will,78.And study of revenge, immortal hate,79.And courage never to submit or yield:80.And what is else not to be overcome……81.Irreconcilable to our grand Foe”82.1) Please identify the poem and the poet.83.2) Interpret“all is not lost”.84.3) What does the whole passage mean？85.参考答案：86.1) It is taken from John Milton’s “Paradise Lost”.(P74)87.2) “all is not lost” is the word from Satan----Satan and other angels rebel against God, but they are driven from Heaven into hell. In the fire of the hell, Satan is determined to fight back, just like what he says: not all is lost, the unconquerable will, the deep hatred, and the courage to fight till death still remain. (P71)88.3) This passage shows Satan’s will not to submit (服从), and the desire to long for freedom; to beg God for mercy and worship his power is more shameful and disgraceful than the downfall.(P71) 89.5.“If he be not apt to beat over matters, let him study the lawyer’s cases. So every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.”90.Questions:91.3)What does “beat over matters” mean？92.4)What does “receipt’ refer to？93.5)From which essay does the above sentences come, what is the essay mainly about？94.参考答案：95.1)It means: make through examinations of things. (P63)96.2)“Receipt” refers to cure, prescription. (P63)97.3)The sentences are from “Of Studies” (Francis Bacon). It is the most popular of bacon’s essays. It analyzes what studies chiefly serve for, the different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies, and how studies exert influence over human character. (P60—61)98.6.“What, is great Mephistophilis to passionate99.For being deprived of the joys of heaven100.Learn thou of Faustus manly fortitude101.And scorn those joys thou never shalt possess.102.……103.Say he will spare him Four and twenty years104.Letting him live in all voluptuousness105.Having thee ever to attend on me…106.Questions:107.1)Identify the passage and author;108.2)“Say he surrenders up to him his soul”, who will surrender his soul What for？109.3)Who are thee What will he do？110.参考答案：111.1) The passage comes from “” written by Christopher Marlowe. (P25—26)112.2) will surrender his soul to devil. Because he was a great scholar who has a strong desire to ’get knowledge’ in vain, finally he ’made a bond’ to sell his soul to Devil in return for 24 years of life in which he may get anything he desires. (P22)113.3) The “thee”, refers to “Mephistophilis”, the Devil’s servant.114.He helped to do anything he wants. (P22)115.7.“Busy old fool, unruly sun,116.Why does thou thus,117.Through windows and through curtains call on us”118.Questions:119.6)Identify the work and author.120.7)What idea does the passage express参考答案:1)The passage comes from “The Sun Rising”, written by ’John Donne’. (P66)2) The speaker questions the sun’s authority and speaks condescendingly, placing the sun in the status of a subordinate. In the lover’s kingdom, the sun has no right to dictate the time of day or the passing of seasons. His presence in their bedchamber is an intrusion on their privacy. III. Questions and answers:do you know about Renaissance Give a summery about English literature in the period？(No more than 150 words)参考答案:Renaissance refers to the period between 14th----mid-17th century. It first started in Italy. Renaissance means rebirth or revival----the discovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture.essence, The Renaissance is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars tried to get rid of the old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie/middle class, and to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of Roman Catholic church.is the essence of Renaissance -----Man is the measure of all things. The humanism exalted/praised human nature and emphasized the dignity of human beings and the present life. They thought man had the right to enjoy the beauty of life and had the ability to perfect himself and made wonders, which got ready for the appearance of the great Elizabethan writers in Britain. Poetry and drama were the most outstanding literary forms., Marlowe and Francis Bacon etc. were the remarkable representatives of the English Renaissance. (可参考课本P7---12)2. Please give a brief analysis of Hamlet’s “To be or not to be” soliloquy (独白).参考答案:“To be or not to be” is ’a philosophical exploration of life and death’. The soliloquy condemned the hypocrisy and treachery and general corruption of the world, and revealed the character of Hamlet---so ’speculative, questioning, contemplative and melancholy./gloomy’. It was not because he was not able to take action to revenge, but because of his ’hesitative/hesitant character’, when the chance for action came, it seemed defeat.It can be interpreted as: Hamlet bears the heavy burden of the duty to revenge his father’s death, he is forced to live in the suspense of facts and fiction, language and action. He considers that it would be better to ’commit suicide’, but being scared of what might happen to him in the afterlife. So he put off the thing because of the sin. He considers the plan carefully only to find reason for not carrying it out. The soliloquy conveys ’the sense ofworld-weariness (厌世)’ . (P33-34)3. What common features do the characters share in Marlow’s works (No more than 150 words)参考答案:The creation of The Renaissance hero is one of Marlow’s contributions.1)Such a hero is always individualistic and full of ambition, facing bravely the challenge from god and men. They had human dignity and capacity, trying to get heaven/highest ideas on the earth by their own efforts.2)For example: Tamburlaine is a character written by Marlowe. By depicting a great hero with high ambition and sheer brutal forc4e in conquering, Marlowe voiced the supreme desire of man for infinite/ limitless power and authority. In , Marlowe celebrated the human passion for knowledge, power and happiness.3) Tamburlaine and are typical in owning such Renaissance spirit, Tamburlaine, being a cruel conquer, found happiness in conquering other kingdom. Only death could defeat him. While , a more introspective and philosophical figure, had high spirit for knowledge but he had sin for having despair in God and trust in Devil. (P20—22)4. What are the main themes of Shakespeare’s plays？参考答案：Shakespeare’s plays are divided into 3 types: comedies, tragedies and historical plays.1) His historical plays are with the theme-----national unity under a might and just sovereign/ruler is necessary.2)In his romantic comedies, he takes an optimistic attitude toward love friendship and youth.3)In his tragedies, Shakespeare always portrays some noble heroes, who faces the injustice of life and is caught in a difficult situation and whose fate is closely connected with the fate of his nation. Each hero has his weakness of nature. We also see the conflict between the individual and the evil force in the society. And his major characters are always individuals representing certain types.5. Please comment on the character of Satan in “Paradise Lost.”参考答案：Satan is a rebellious (叛逆的) figure against God in literature, defeated, he and his rebel angels were cast into hell. However, Satan refused to accept his failure, swearing that “all was not lost” and that he would revenge for his downfall. The freedom of the will is the keystone of Satan’s character, which was the important spirit of the rising middle class. While he tempted Adam and Eve, which proved his evilness.6. What are the characteristics of the Humanism？参考答案：1)’Humanism’ is the essence of Renaissance.2)Humanists see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise (轻视) but to ’question, explore, and enjoy’.3)They also believe that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders (创造奇迹). (P8)英美文学考前串讲（3）Chapter 2 The Neoclassical PeriodI. Choose the right answer:1. ____brings Henry Fielding the name of the "Prose Homer".Pilgrim’s ProgressJonesCrusoeJackAnswer: B (P122)2. Alexander Pope worked painstakingly on his poemsand finally brought to its last perfection ______Drydenhad successfully used in his plays.heroic coupletfree verseblank verseSpenserian stanzaAnswer: A (P92)3. Of all the 18th century novelists ___was the first to set out,both in theory and practice, to write specially a "comic epic in prose." FieldingDefoeSwiftBunyanAnswer: A (P120)4. ____is the most successful religious allegory in the English language.AHoly WarPilgrims progressAnswer: C (P85)5. In which of the following works can you find the proper names "Lilliput", "Brobdingnag", "Houyhnhnm" and "Yahoo"？Pilgrim’s ProgressFaririe Queene’s travelsSchool of ScandelAnswer: C (P108)6. "As shades more sweetly recommend the light,So modest plainness sets off sprightly wit;For works may have more wit than does’em goodAs bodies perish through excess of blood."In the above lines, Pope tries to sat that_______.wit will make better poetryis more important than wit in poetrymuch wit will destroy good poetrywill make wit dullAnswer: C (P93-94)7. The Rape of the Lock by Alexander Pope is written in the formof a mock______, which describes the triviality of high societyin a grand style.Answer: A (P92)8. Which of the following is NOT a typical feature ofSamuel Johnson’s language stylesentences are long and well structured.sentences are interwoven with parallel words.tends to use informal and colloquial words.sentences are complicated, but his thoughts are clearly expressed. Answer: C (P132)9. "The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power,And all that beauty, all that wealth e’er gave,Awaits alike the inevitable hour.In the above quoted passage, Thomas Gray intends to saythat great family, power, beauty and wealth___________.never make people lead to the same destination----paths of glory.inevitably make people realize their glorious dreamsthe very best things to lead people to their gloriesnever prevent people from reaching their final destination---grave. Answer: D (P154)10. ____has been regarded by some as "Father of the English novel"for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel. BunyanFieldingDefoeSwiftAnswer: B (P121)11. ____was very much concerned with the theme of the vanityof human wishes and tried to awaken men to this follyand hoped to cure them of it through his writing.JohnsonSwiftBrinsley SheridanGrayAnswer: A (P132)12. ____was the only important dramatist of the 18th century,in his plays, morality is the constant theme.PopeBrinsley SheridanJohnsonBernard ShawAnswer: B (P136)13. As the representative of the Enlightenment, Pope was oneof the first to introduce___to England.Answer: A (P91)14. The Rivals and ____are generally regarded as important links between the masterpiece of Shakespeare and those of Bernard Shaw. School for ScandalDuenna’s HousesDoctor’s DilemmaAnswer: A (P137)15. ____is a sharp satire on the moral degeneracy(道德沦丧) of the aristocratic-bourgeois society in the 18th century England.Rivals’s TravelsJonesSchool for ScandalAnswer: D (P138)16. The poem "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard" by Thomas Gray is regarded as the most representative work of _____.Metaphysical SchoolGraveyard SchoolGothic SchoolRomantic SchoolAnswer: B (P152)17. _______, written in heroic couplet by Pope, is considered manifesto of English Neoclassicism.Essay of Dramatic PoetryEssay on CriticismAdvancing of learningEssay on FreedomAnswer: B (P93)18. ______is a typical feature of Swift’s writings.stylenarrationsatiresentence structureAnswer: C (P107)19. In the following writings by Henry Fielding,which brings him the name of the "Prose Homer"？Coffee---House Politician.Tragedy of Tragedies.History of Tom Jones, A Foundling.History of Amelia.Answer: C (P120)20. "Hold! See whether it is or not before you go to thedoor----I have a particular message for you if it should be my brother."The two sentences are found in ________.School for ScandalRivalsCriticScheming LieutenantAnswer: A (P139)21. In terms of Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard, which is wrong？author employs metaphor in this poem.author excessively expresses his personal melancholy.he reveals his sympathy for the poor and the unknown.mocks the great ones who despise the poor and bring havoc on them.Answer: B (P152-153)22. The Houyhnhnms depicted by Jonathan Swift in Gulliver’s Travels are________. that are endowed with reason.that are endowed with admirable qualitiesthat are superior in wisdom., wild, low and despicable creatures,who resemble human beings not only in appearancebut also in some other ways.Answer: A (P108)II. Read the quoted part and answer the questions:1. "Words are like leaves;and where they most abound,Much fruit of sense beneath is rarely found.False eloquence, like the prismatic glass,Its gaudy colors spreads on every place;The face of Nature we no more survey,All glares alike, without distinction gay."Questions:1) Identify the author and the passage;2) Name the devices used in the passage with examples;3) Explain "Words….found".4) What is the mainly implied idea of the passage？参考答案：1) The passage is from Pope’s "An Essay on Criticism". (P94)2) In the passage the author used "Simile" the device,. "Words are like leaves" and "false eloquence,like the prismatic glass’ etc.3) The sentence means: Where/When too many words are used,they seldom express much sense.4) The passage implies authors shouldn’t stress too muchthe artificial use of Conceit or the external beauty of language,they should pay special attention to True Wit, which is bestset in the plain style. (just as too many leaves will cover the fruits,too gaudy/ showy glass will hide the face the Nature,too false and eloquent language will hide the Wit in the articles.)2. "Let not Ambition mock their useful toil,Their homely joys, and destiny obscure;Nor Grandeur hear with a disdainful smileThe short and simple annals of the poor.The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power,And all that beauty, all that wealth e’er gave,Awaits alike the inevitable hour.The paths of glory lead but to the grave."Questions:1) Identify the author and the works;2) What does "the inevitable hour"？3) Explain the first stanza;4) What does the whole passage imply.参考答案：1) This is Thomas Gray’s "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard".托马斯·格雷的《写在教堂墓地的挽歌》(P154)2) "The inevitable hour" means time of death. (P156)3) The first stanza means: The men with ambition and high positionshouldn’t laugh at the ordinary people for their simple life and hard work.4) In the passage, the poet reflects on the death----no matter how poor or wealthy,or how important and humble, every is equal before death, the author givesmuch sympathy to the poor and unknown (P153)III. Questions and answers:analyze the Neoclassical period and the characters of the literature.参考答案：1)The Neoclassical period is about 1660-1798, also known as"the Age of Enlightenment" or "the age of Reason".2)Its background was:was an age full of conflicts and difference of values;was an age of fast development for English to becomethe first powerful capitalist country in the world;was an age of economic development, in which bourgeois/middle class grew rapidly.3)In essence, the Neoclassical Period was a progressive intellectual movement.4)The Enlighteners believed in self-restraint, self-reliance and hard work;They celebrated reason/rationality, equality and science.。
自考英美文学选读00604学习总结
[转帖]英美文学选读学习技巧我是外贸英语大专毕业的，为了拿到本科文凭，我的首选当然是英语专业，第一年我顺利就拿到8份单科毕业证书，今年四月我只剩听说与英美文学最难的二门。
通过今年考试我感受很深，也领悟很多。
我想这里开一个英美文学学习技巧话题，大家能交流一下学习经验或小窍门，为没通过或即将要考英美文学同学提供多一点信息和帮助。
谢谢！首先我想与大家谈论一下参考书，我能理解大家想偷机取巧的想法，参考书必定是比课本薄得多，看上去象精选集，但事实并非如此，实际考题说明一切。
考题不会超大纲，答案自然都在书上。
只不过来年考题会从越来越偏僻角落去选择，所以课本也就越发重要。
我现在都能想象出题老师得意笑容，"我出的题难什么，都在书上"。
当我看完第一遍书时，其过程实在是艰涩痛苦，捏着厚厚书真觉得苦海无涯，望也望不到出头之日。
但奇妙的感觉在后面，当我第二，三，四遍看完，当然到后面是以翻看形式了，书本捏在手上变得越来越薄了。
我认为以课本为基础，在自己脑海中形成的超薄精选集才是正直实用有效的参考书，在网上是下载不到，书店里也买不到。
你所需要做的是把这课本看懂，读透，翻烂。
I don't want to say this is only choice, but it actually is, and an m ost direct and efficient way. Dont find too much resources, which cant easy your jo b, but increase your burden.我看见许多人说背不出，或怎样背。
大家都是这条路上过来的难兄难弟，多半白天要上班，晚上要背书，有段时间我近似绝望，怀疑自己提早进入老年痴呆症，健忘症。
我不断弄混名字，作品，时期，英美不分。
就现在考题看来，题型已不是单纯浅显记忆题，而是在此基础上的综合理解题，在今年的部分选择题，简答题里都是这样。
2014年10月00604英美文学选读自考参考答案
2014年10月00604英美文学选读自考参考答案2014年10月00604英美文学选读自考参考答案1. A2. A3. A4.D5.C6.C7. B 8 D 9 C10. A2. 11 D 12 B 13 A 14 B 15 D 16 C 17 B 18C 19A 20A3. 21 D 34 B 35 D 39B 40A45.Firstly,as a forerunner of English realistic literature, Fielding described different kinds of people in Tom Jones. For example, T om;He is very generous to friends and have great sympathy for other people.Buthe is very generous to friends and have great sympathy for other41.A: William ShakespeareB: The poet describes the love to a girl.C: The poet believes that the beauty of the lover will only livewith the eternal poem. 42 A. The passage is taken from Thomas Hardy’s Tess of the D’Urbervilles.B. The word “him” refers to Angel Clare.C. The last sentence means that the corporeal (physical) suffering that Tess has experienced makes her spiritually mature before her age.50. Give a brief analysis of Emily Grierson, the protagonist ofA Rose for Emily by Faulkner.Set in the town of Jefferson in Yoknapatawpa, the story focuses on Emily Grierson, an eccentric spinster who refuses to accept the passage of time, or the inevitable charge and loss that accompanied it. As a descendent of the Southern aristocracy, Emily is typical of - 1 -。
自考英美文学选读00604考前串讲(4)
英美文学考前串讲（4）Chapter 3 The Romantic PeriodI. Choose the right answer:1. The Romantic Movement expressed a more or less______ attitude toward the existing social and political conditions.A.positiveB.negativeC.neutralD.indifferentAnswer: B (P160)2. It is _____who established the cult of the individualand championed the freedom of the human spirit.A.Jean Jacques RousseauB.Johann Wolfgang von GoetheC.Edmund BurkeD.Thomas PaineAnswer: A (P157)3. The two major novelists of the English Romantic Periodare _____and Walter Scott.A.Washington IrvingB.Jane AustenC.Herman MelvilleD.Charles DickensAnswer: B (P165)4. _____defines the poet as "man speaking to men,"and poetry as "the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings, which originates in emotion recollected in tranquility."A.William BlakeB.William WordsworthC.Samuel Taylor ColeridgeD.John KeatsAnswer: B (P161)5. For the Romantics, ____is not only the major source ofpoetic imagery, but also provides the dominant subject matter.A.loveB.manC.natureD.deathAnswer: C (P162)6. In the Romantic period, ____is the most prosperous literaryform.A.proseB.poetryC.fictionD.playAnswer: B (P161)7. The tone of literature in "Song of Experience" by William Blake is _______.A.dolefulB.livelyC.plainD.utterAnswer: A (doleful: 悲哀的P168-169)8. _____is regarded as a "worship of nature".A.John KeatsB.William BlakeC.William WordsworthD.Jane AustenAnswer: C (P176)9. Which of the following writings is not created by William Wordsworth?A.I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud.posed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802.C.The Solitary Reaper.D.The Chimney Sweeper.Answer: D (P179---182)10. Wordsworth’s short poems can be classified into two groups: poems about nature and poems about________.A.loveB.human lifeC.freedomD.social activitiesAnswer: B (P176)11. "Don Juan" is Byron’s masterpiece, a great ______of theearly 19th century.edyB.tragedyic epicD.novelAnswer: C (P194)12. In his lyrics such as "Ode to Liberty", "Ode to Naples", Percy Bysshe Shelly expressed his love for_____ and his hatred toward tyranny.A.the middle classB.the poorC.freedomD.the proletariatAnswer: C (P207)13. "Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere; / Destroy andPreserver; hear, O hear!" The two lines are found in_____.A.Young Goodman Brown by HawthorneB.Ode to the West Wind by ShellyC.Leaves of Grass by Walt WhitmanD.Ulysses by JoyceAnswer: B (P212)14. In Shelly’s "To a Skylark", the bird, suspended between reality and poetic image, pours forth an exultant songwhich suggests to the poet________.A.both celestial rapture and human limitationB.both image creation and profound meaningC.both music and wordsD.both inspiration and skills of writingAnswer: A (P206)15. The author of "Ode on a Grecian Urn" is __________.A.WordsworthB.AustenC.ByronD.Keats16. Jane Austen’s first novel is __________.A.Pride and PrejudiceB.Sense and SensibilityC.EmmaD.Plan of a NovelAnswer: B (P222)17. In terms of Pride and Prejudice, which is not true?A.Pride and Prejudice is the most popular of Jane Austen’snovels.B.Pride and Prejudice is originally drafted as "FirstImpressions".C.Pride and Prejudice is a tragic novel.D.In this novel, the author explores the relationship betweengreat love and realistic benefits.Answer: C (P223-225)18. After reading the first chapter of Pride and Prejudice,we may come to know that Mrs.Bennet is a woman of_______.A.simple character and poor understandingB.simple character and quick witC.intricate character and quick witD.intricate character and poor understandingAnswer: A (P227)19. Romanticism is a period of British literature roughly datedfrom _________.A.1660-----1798B.1798----1832C.1483-----1546D.1836-----1901Answer: B (P157)20. Which of the following is the Gothic novel?A.Shelly’s Prometheus UnboundB.Keats’ LamiaC.Mary Shelly’s FrankensteinD.Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice21.The lines "It was a miracle of rare device,/ A sunny pleasure dome with caves of ice" are foundin__________.A.Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s "Kubla Khan"B.William Wordsworth’s Lines Written in Early Spring"C.John Keats’s "Ode to Autumn"D.Percy Bysshe Shelly’s "Ode to the West Wind"Answer: A (P190---191)22. Which of the following is taken from John Keats’ "Ode on aGrecial Urn"?A."I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!"B."They are both gone up to the church to pray.’C."Earth has not anything to show more fair."D."Beauty is truth, truth beauty".Answer: D (P221)II. Read the quoted part and answer the questions:1. "A little black thing among the snowCrying "’weep! ’weep! In notes of woe"where are thy father & mother? Say? ""They are both gone up to the church to prey."(1)Identify the poem and poet.(2)Explain "notes of woe".(3)What does the sentence mean "they ate both gone up to the church to prey."Answer:(1)It is from "The Chimney Sweeper (from songs ofexperience) by Blake.(P172)(2)"notes of woe" means the songs/notes of sadness.(3)It implies: religion is the instrument of their repression/ oppression, its nature is to help bring misery to the poorchildren.(P169)2. "The isles of Greece, the isles of Greece!Where burning Sappho loved and sung,Where grew the arts of war and peace,Where Delos rose, and Phoebus sprung!Eternal summer gilds them all,But all, except their sun, is set."(1)Identify the poem and its author;(2)What does it mean "But all, except their sun, is set."(3)What does the passage imply?Answer:(1)The poet is Byron. The poem is taken from "The Isles of Greece (from Don Juan)" (P199)(2)The sentence means: The sun is still on the rise, but the rest things all set.(3)The passage implied: The author lamented over the fallenGreece:In the past, Greece nurtured/ cultivated great poets and heroes,who enjoyed freedom and civilization, but now Greece had been enslaved,the past honorable history couldn’t be found again. (P199)3. "With plough and spade and hoe and loomTrace your grave and build your tombAnd weave your winding-sheet---till fairEngland be your Sepulcher"(1)Explain "sepulcher"(2)What was the deep implication of the poem?Answer:(1)Sepulcher means grave. (P210~211)(2)The poem ironically addressed to the workers who submit to capitalist exploitation. It warned them: If they gave up the struggle, they would be digging graves for themselves wish their own hands. (P211)4. "Thou still unravish’d bride of quietness,Thou foster-child of silence and slow time,Sylvan historian, who canst thus expressA flowery tale more sweetly than our rhyme:"(1)Who is the poet? The name?(2)Explain the sentence.(3)What was the theme of the poem?Answer:(1)This is the "ode on a Grecian Um", which was written by the poet---John Keats. (P219)(2)The sentence means: though time has passed, the urn ,the works of the art still remains, and it tells apastoral/lyrical tale to us, and the description of the urn is much more beautiful than the words of any human. (P218)(3)The theme is: Human life is transient, but the art is immortal. (P218)5. "Place me on Sunium’s marbles steep,Where nothing, save the waves and I,May her our mutual murmurs sweep;There, swan like, let me sing and die:A land of slaves shall ne’er be mine---Dash down you cup of Samian wine!"(1)Identify the poem and its author. (P203)(2)Explain "swan like, let me sing and die" (P199)Interpret the passage and spot its implication.Answer:(1)The poet is Byron. The poem is taken from "The Isles ofGreece (from Don Juan)" (P203)(2)Swan is famous for its faith to its lover, one of them die, the other will refuse to eat and drink, it will cry till death. Here the author used a simile to show his strong desire tofight with the invaders till death, and appeal to thesuppressed Greek people to struggle for their freedom andliberation.6. "For oft, when on my couch I lieIn vacant or in pensive mood,They flash upon that inward eyeWhich is the bliss of solitude;And then my heart with pleasure fills,And dance with the daffodils."(1) What is the "bliss of the solitude"?(2) Interpret the passage.(3) Why did the poet write the poem, what did he want toexpress?Answer:(1)The Daffodils the poem saw. (P180)(2)It is a bliss/happiness to recollect the beauty of nature inhis mind when he is solitude/lonely.(3)The poem depicts/deals with the flowers that he came acrossalong waterside, by which he expresses the quiet, sympathy,loving feeling to nature just like his words "poetry is from"emotion recollected in tranquility".7. "Then naked & white, all their bags left behind,They rise upon clouds, and sport in the wind,And the angle told Tom, if he’d be a good bye,He’d have God for his father, and never want joy."(1)Identify the poem and its poet;(2)What does the poem implies?Answer:(1) The poem is take from "The Chimney Sweeper (from Songs of Innocence)", which was written by William Blake.(p171)(2) This is a lovely poem presenting a happy and innocentworld, though the wretched child are exploited and orphaned, they had nice dream for life and the world, which impliesreligion make people obedient to exploitation, and from religion, they can get consolation and an "illusory happiness".(p168)8. "As thus with thee in prayer in my sore need.Oh! Lift me as a wave, a leaf, a cloud!I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!A heavy weight of hours has chained and bowedOne too like thee: tameless, and swift and proud."(1)Explain "I fall upon the thorns of life, I bleed" (P208)(2)Can you comprehend the deep emotion contained in the poem?What’s that?(3)The poet was called the "the heart of all hearts",he trumpeted the radical prophecy of hope and rebirth.Please write out his classic words.Answer:(1)The sentence call Shelley’s desire that he couldn’t best being fettered to/limited by the humdrum/too ordinary realityof everyday! (P208)(2)In the poem, the west wind has become the poet himself,he wants to be free, proud and controllable like the wild westwind,to destruct and construct with the strong power like the west wind. (P207~208)(3)"If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?" (P208)9. "O Attic shape! Fair attitude! With brede…………As doth eternity: cold pastoral!"(1)How do you understand "cold pastoral"(2)What device is used in the poem?(3)Explain the implication of the poem.At the end of the poem, the poet gave a famous saying,and it is also the theme of the poem, what is that?Answer:(1)Cold pastoral means the lyrical scene on the Grecian urn lacks life and warmth. (P222)(2)Contrast. (P218)(3)The poet wanted to show the permanence of the art and the transience of human passion presenting his ambivalence/opposingfeelings about time and nature of beauty.The saying is "Beauty is truth, truth beauty" (P218~219)10. "Where fore feed and Clothe and saveFrom the cradle to the graveDrain your sweat---nay, drink your blood?"(1)Who wrote the poem? What’s its name?(2) Explain "drones",(3) Interpret the passage.Answer:(1)The poem is "A song: Men of England" by Shelley. (P209)(2)Drones the male of the honey-bees that don’t work , referring to the parasitic class in human society.(drones and bees are the devices of metaphor) (P210)(3)The poet called all working people to rise up against their political oppressors, but point out the intolerable injusticeof economic exploitation. It expressed the love for freedom and the hatred to tyranny of the author. (P207)11. "Wild spirit, which art moving everywhere;Destroyer and Preserver; hear, O hear!"(1)What does the "wild spirit "refer to?(2)Why called it "Destroyer and Preserver" at the same time?(3)Identify the poet and the poem.Answer:(1)"wild spirit" refers to west wind/autumn wind. (P212)(2)Because west wind buried the dead year and year and prepared for a new spring, the poet call it "Destroyer and preserver". (3)It is "Ode to the west wind" of Shelley. (terza rima)III. Questions and answers:1.Please list the subjects and the faculties of the Romanticism.Answer:(1) The subjects are: love, nature, nationalism, individualism,(2) The faculties they cherished are: imagination, spontaneity, inspiration. (P162)2.William Wordsworth was the first representative author of Rom,How do you know his idea and style?Answer:(1)His poems are most about Nature and Human Life;(2)Beyond the pleasure of the picturesque with the eye and the external aspects of nature, however, lies in deeper moralawareness, a sense of completeness in multiplicity.(it means poem not only deals with the beautiful world, but express moral)(3)Common life and the joy and sorrow of the common people and inner self are his subjects;(4)He is a poet in memory of the past and was called "prophetsof nature";(5)He deliberately writes in simple and ordinary speech ,refuses to decorate the truth of experience of pure andprofound feeling;(6)He thought poet is "a man speaking to men," poetry is "the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings, which originates in emotion recollected in tranquility."(7)He always writes an elusive beauty of simplicity or a rural figure. (P176-179)3.What thoughts and event influenced the period of Romanticism?Answer:(1) Rousseau (a French philosopher) explored new ideas about nature, society and education, which provided guiding priding principles for the French Revolution and Romanticism;(2) The French Revolution and "the Declaration of Rights ofMan"(written by Thomas Paine)aroused the great sympathy and enthusiasm in the English liberals and radicals,which became a great source for Romanticism.(3) England itself had experienced profound economic and social changes as industrialism,which were reflected in the works of literature. (P157-159)4.Byron’s greatest contribution is his creation of the "Byronic hero" What kind of the hero he is? Give comment on him.Answer:(1) "Don Juan" is Byron’s masterpiece, a great comic epic,in which Byron described a hero named Don Juan.He was a great lover and seducer of women.In the conventional sense,al positives like courage,generosity, and frankness…In a word, Don was proud Juan was immoral,but Juan had his own mor, mysterious, and a noble rebelfigure.He was a young man with unconquerable wills andinexhaustible energies,one of rebellious individuals against outworn/outdatedsocial systems and conventions.(2) Comment: The poet’s true intention is to present a panoramic view of different types of society,the main theme of the works the basic ironic theme of appearance andreality,during which the poet also presented various materialsand the clash of emotions. (P194-196)5. What is the difference between Romanticism andNeoclassicism?(Neoclassicism=Augustans=enlightener)Answer:(1)The Romantic Movement expressed negative attitude toward the existing social and political condition, the Romantics saw thecorruption and injustice of theinhumanity of capitalism;(2)The Neo saw man as a social; while Rom saw him as an individual in the solitary state;(3)Neo stressed the common features of men; but the Rom stressed the special qualities of each individual’s mind;(4)Neo celebrated rationality, equality and science of theoutside world; while Rom changed to the inner world of the human spirit, whose theory saw the individual as the center ofall experience;(5)Literature was heavily didactic and moralizing. There were fixed laws for each type of literature; Rom expressed his feeling, valued accuracy in portraying, they thought literature should be free from all rules.(6)The most important form in Neo was prose; while Rom was an age of poetry. (P160-161)6.Analyze the characters of John Keats’s poetry.Answer:(1)The poems are sensuous, colorful, and rich in imagery, (which expresses the acuteness of his senses)(2)Words are beautiful and musical.(3)The ancient Greek and English poetry provides the mostimportant imaginative resource.(4)The construction of poems are knit, and the description gobeyond the physical beauty of the world. (P218-219)7. Jane Austen was the only important female author in the18-19th century, how do you know about her?Answer:Generally speaking, Austen was writer of the 18th century.(1)Her novels always dealt with the romantic entanglement ofthe heroines;(2)She believed in it that reason over passion, sense ofresponsibility, good manners,and clear judgment over romance; she honored the Augustanvirtues of moderation,dignity disciplined emotion and common sense;(3)She contempt snobbery, stupidity, worldliness etc;(4)Her main concern was the relationship between men and womenin love;(5)Her writing range was limited, all restricted to theprovincial life of the 18th century England;(6)She presented the quiet, day-to-day country life of the middle -upper -class English.(7)Her characteristic theme was: maturity is got by the loss of illusions. (P223--226)。
最新自考英美文学选读要点总结整理出考点26位作家完整
英美文学选读要点总结精心整理(只考26位作家)[英国』Chapter1 The Renaissance period（14世纪至十七世纪中叶）文艺复兴1. Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.人文主义是文艺复兴的核心。
2. the Greek and Roman civilization was based on such a conception that man is the measure of all things.人文主义作为文艺复兴的起源是因为古希腊罗马文明的基础是以“人”为中心，人是万物之灵。
3. Renaissance humanists found in then classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy.人文主义者们却从古代文化遗产中找到充足的论据，来赞美人性，并开始注意到人类是崇高的生命，人可以不断发展完善自己，而且世界是属于他们的，供他们怀疑，探索以及享受。
4. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best representatives of the English humanists.托马斯.摩尔，克利斯朵夫.马洛和威廉.莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表。
2023年10月自考00604英美文学选读试题及答案含评分标准
绝密★启用前2023年10月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英美文学选读试题答案及评分参考（课程代码00604）一、单项选择题：本大题共40小题，每小题1分，共40分。
1. B2. A3. D4. C5. C6. B7. A8. D9. C 10. A11. D 12. B 13. D 14. C 15. C16. D 17. A 18. C 19. B 20. D21. D 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. A26. D 27. C 28. C 29. C 30. D31. B 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. B36. D 37. C 38. A 39. A 40. D二、阅读理解题：本大题共4小题，每小题4分，共16分。
41. A. Henry Fielding; The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling (or Tom Jones). (2分)B. Daughter of the well-off squire Western. (1分)C. Human nature. (1分)42. A. Charles Dickens; Oliver Twist (2分)B. A chimney-sweeper. (1分)C. Character-portrayal. (1分)43. A. Theodore Dreiser; Sister Carrie.(2分)B. Hurstwood. (1分)C. He turned on the gas in a cheap lodging-house and ended his life. (1分)英美文学选读试题答案及评分参考第1页（共3页）44. A. Robert Lee Frost. (1分)B. The speaker tells us how the course of his life was determined when he came upon tworoads that diverged in a wood. (2分)C. The speaker took the road less traveled by. (1分)三、简答题：本大题共4小题，每小题6分，共24分。
美国文学英语语言文学专业自己总结~（共5篇）
美国文学英语语言文学专业自己总结~（共5篇）第一篇：美国文学英语语言文学专业自己总结~殖民主义时期John Smith美国第一位作家Anne Bradstreet第一位移民诗人Edward Taylor清教徒诗人文艺复兴时期Benjamin Franklin 参与了起草独立宣言成名作《Poor Richard’s Almanack》《Autobiography》Thomas Paine拥护独立宣言成名作《Great Commoner of Mankind》最平凡的人常识理性时代美国危机Thomas Jefferson起草了独立宣言Philip Freneau美国诗歌之父文艺复兴的诗人《the Wild Honey》野金银花浪漫主义时期Irving第一位纯文学作家（belletrist）第一部短篇小说第一位浪漫主义散文体作家（prose stylist）享有国际声誉< a History of New York>第一部诙谐作品Copper开创了海上传奇小说(sea adventure)和边疆传奇(frontier sage)小说Spy>Bryant第一个获得美国主要诗人的称号最完美的短诗Poe现代短故事之父侦探小说之父第一部短篇小说集Emerson超经验主义运动知识分子独立宣言Thoreau成名作Hawthorne象征主义作家Chillingworth, John Wilson)>MelvilleLongfellow19世纪最受爱戴的诗人< a Psalm of Life>第一部印第安人史诗歌唯一被安葬在威斯敏斯特教堂的诗人现实主义时期Whitman创建了自由体诗歌free verse美国历史上一部史诗Dickson该时期最伟大的女诗人< I Died for Beauty> Stowe该时期唯一的女散文作家< Uncle Tom’s Cabin> Mark Twain现实主义文学代表作Huckleberry Finn>对美国早期幽默文学的总结O.HenryHenry James心理现实主义的开创者Jack London< the People of the Abyss>自传体小说Theodore Dreiser 最成功的小说金钱万能二十世纪文学Pound意象派的创始人< in a Station of Metro>Frost自然派诗人民族诗人Stevens秩序理念Eliot现代主义创始人标志现代主义文学诞生FitzgeraldHemingway推动报告文学的发展强调moment of truthSteinbeck美国大萧条时期最杰出的小说家Faulkner心灵与自己冲突是永恒的主题stream of consciousness成名作第二篇：英语语言文学专业排行榜（英语语言文学）全国160所高校排名！1上海外国语大学A+2北京外国语大学A+3北京大学A+4南京大学A+5厦门大学A+6复旦大学A+7南京师范大学A+8山东大学A9大连外国语学院A华东师范大学A四川外语学院A西南大学A 湖南师范大学A北京师范大学A华中科技大学A16河南大学A四川大学A华中师范大学A福建师范大学A苏州大学A广东外语外贸大学A中山大学A浙江大学A清华大学A南开大学A天津外国语学院A中南大学 A西安外国语大学A东北师范大学A 上海大学A北京语言大学AB+等(47个)：上海交通大学、湖南大学、辽宁大学、中国人民大学、中国海洋大学、山东师范大学、四川师范大学、陕西师范大学、北京第二外国语学院、吉林大学、江西师范大学、安徽大学、广西师范大学、河北师范大学、宁波大学、安徽师范大学、东南大学、湘潭大学、黑龙江大学、深圳大学、河北大学、辽宁师范大学、山西大学、宁夏大学、南昌大学、上海师范大学、暨南大学、西北大学、首都师范大学、广西大学、西北师范大学、浙江师范大学、电子科技大学、华南师范大学、新疆大学、南京农业大学、重庆师范大学、中国石油大学、广西师范学院、武汉大学、上海海事大学、郑州大学、武汉理工大学、哈尔滨工程大学、大连海事大学、中国地质大学、上海对外贸易学院B等(47个)：天津理工大学、内蒙古大学、东北农业大学、河海大学、北京航空航天大学、长沙理工大学、广东商学院、聊城大学、合肥工业大学、江南大学、华南理工大学、上海财经大学、燕山大学、广州大学、云南师范大学、中国矿业大学、汕头大学、兰州大学、云南大学、中北大学、哈尔滨师范大学、北京理工大学、河南师范大学、西南科技大学、湖南科技大学、扬州大学、福州大学、华东理工大学、上海理工大学、南京航空航天大学、徐州师范大学、浙江财经大学、华侨大学、曲阜师范大学、华北电力大学、杭州电子科技大学、齐齐哈尔大学、哈尔滨理工大学、天津财经大学、山东科技大学、重庆大学、国际关系学院、北京交通大学、东北大学、贵州师范大学、中国政法大学、南通大学C等(32个)：名单略据《全国高校专业报考指南》显示，目前全国英语专业实力排名前20的院校分别为：北京外国语大学、上海外国语大学、北京大学、南京大学、复旦大学、厦门大学、南开大学、对外经贸大学、广东外语外贸大学、华东师范大学、中山大学、上海交通大学、湖南师范大学、山东大学、洛阳外国语学院、清华大学、北京师范大学、武汉大学、南京师范大学、河南大学。
自考英美文学选读00604强人总结自学资料 (全)
转贴－强人总结《英美文学选读》自学资料(全)转贴－强人总结《英美文学选读》自学资料(全)American LiteratureChapter one : The romantic periodI. Emerson’s transcendentalism and his attitude toward nature:1.Transcendentalism—it is a philosophic and literary movement that flourish in New England, as a reaction against rationalism and Calvinism. It stressed intuitive understanding of god without the help of the church, and advocated independence of the mind.2. Emerson’s transcendentalism:The over-soul—it is an all-pervading power goodness, from which all things come and of which all are a part. It is a supreme reality of mind, a spiritual unity of all beings and a religion. It is a communication between an individual soul and the universal over-soul. And he strongly believe in the divinity and infinity of man as an individual, so man can totally rely on himself.3.His toward nature:Emerson loves nature. His nature is the garment of the over-soul, symbolic and moral bound. Nature is not something purely of the matter, but alive with God’s presenc e. It exercise a healthy and restorative influence on human beings. Children can see nature better than adult.II. Hawthorne’s Puritanism and his black vision of man:1. Puritanism—it is the religious belief of the Puristans, who had intended to purify and simplify the religious ritual of the church of England.2. his black vision of man—by the Calvinistic concept of original sin, he believed that human being are evil natured and sinful, and this sin is ever present in human heart and will pass one generation to another.3. Young Goodman Brown—it shows that everyone has some evil secrets. The innocent and naïve Brown is confronted with the vision of human evil in one terrible night, and then he becomes distrustful and doubtful. Brown stands for everyone ,who is born pure and has no contact with the real world ,and the prominent people of the village and church. They cover their secrets during daily lives, and under some circumstances such as the witch’s Sabbath, they become what they are. Even his c losed wife, Faith, is no exception. So Brown is aged in that night.III. The symbolism of Melville’s Mobby-Dick1.The voyage to catch the white whale is the one of the mind in quest of the truth and knowledge of universe.2. To Ahab, the whale is an evil creature or the agent of an evil force that control the universe. As to readers, the whale is a symbol of physical limits, or a symbol of nature. It also can stand for the ultimate mystery of the universe and the wall behind which unknown malicious things are hiding.IV. Whitman and his Leaves of Grass :1. Theme: sing of the “en-mass” and the self / pursuit of love, happiness, and ***ual love / sometimes about politics (Drum taps)2. Whitman’s originality first in his use of the poetic form free v erse (i.e. poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme),by means of which he becomes conversational and casual.3.He uses the first person pronoun “I” to stress individualism, and oral language to acquire sympathy from the common reader.Chapter two : The realistic periodI. The character analysis and social meaning of Huck Finn in Adventure of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain Huck is a typical American boy with “a sound heart and a deformed conscience”. He appears to be vulgar in language and in manner, but he is honest and decent in essence. His remarkable raft’s journey down on the Mississippi river can be regarded as his process of education and his way to grow up. At first, he stands by slavery, for he clings to the idea that if he lets go the slave, he will be damned to go to hell. And when the “King” sells Jim for money, Huck decides to inform Jim’s master. After he thinks of the past good time when Jim and he are on the raft where Jim shows great care and deep affection for him, he decide to rescue Jim. And Huck still thinks he is wrong while he is doing the right thing.Huck is the son of nature and a symbol for freedom and earthly pragmatism. Through the eye of Huck, the innocent and reluctant rebel, we see the pre-Civil War American society fully exposed. Twain contrasts the life on the river and the life on the banks, the innocence and the experience, the nature and the culture, the wilderness and the civilization.II. Daisy Miller by Henry James1. Theme: The novel is a story about American innocence defeated by the stiff, traditional values of Europe. James condemns the American failure to adopt expressive manners intelligently and point out the false believing that a good heart is readily visible to all. The death of Daisy results from the misunderstanding between people with different cultural backgrounds.2. The character analysis of Daisy: She represents typical American girl, who is uninformed and without the mature guidance. Ignorance and parental indulgence combine to foster he assertive self-confidence and fierce willfulness. She behaves in the same daring naive way in Europe as she does at home. When someone is against her, she becomes more contrary. She knows that she means no harm and is amazed that anyone should think she does. She does not compromise to the European manners.3. The character analysis of Winterbourne: He is a Europeanized American, who has live too long in foreign parts. He is very experience and has a problem understanding Daisy. He endeavors to put her in sort of formula, i.e. to classify her.III. Sister Carrie by Theodore Dreiser:1. Theme: The author invented the success of Carrie and the downfall of Hurstwood out of an inevitable and natural judgment, because the fittest can survive in a competitive, amoral society according to the social Darwinism.2. The character analysis of Carrie: She follows the right direction to a pursuit of the American dream, and the circumstances and her desire for a better life direct to the successful goal. But she is not contented, because with wealth and fame, she still finds herself lonely. She is a product of the society, a realization of the theory of the survival of the fittest.3. The character analysis of Hurstwood: He is a negative evidence of the theory of the survival of the fittest. Because he is still conventional and can not throw away the social morals, he is not fitted to live in New York.Chapter three : The Modern PeriodI. Ezra Pound and his theory of Imagism1. The principles: a. direct treatment of the thing; b. to use absolutely no word that does not contribute to the presentation; c. to compose in the sequence of the musical; d. to use the language of common speech and the exact word; e. to create new rhythms; f. absolutely freedom in the choice of subject.2. Imagism is to present an intellectual and emotional complex in an instant of time. An imagistic poem must present the object exactly the way the thing is seen. And the reader can form the image of the object through the process of reading the abstract and concrete words.II. Frost and his poetry on nature:Frost is deeply interested in nature and in men’s relationship to nature. Nature appears as an explicator and a mediator for man and serve as the center of reference of his behavior. Peace and order can be found in Frost’s poetical natural world. With surface simplicity of his poems, the thematic concerns are always presented in rich symbols. Therefore his work resists easy interpretation.III. F. Scott Fitzgerald and his The Great Gatsby1. Theme: Gatsby is American Everyman. His extraordinary energy and wealth make him pursue the dream. His death in the end points at the truth about the withering of the American Dream. The spiritual and moral sterility that has resulted from the withered American Dream is fully revealed in the article. However, although he is defeated, the dream has gave Gatsby a dignity and a set of qualities. His hope and belief in the promise of future makes him the embodiment of the values of the incorruptible American Dream .2. The character analysis of Gatsby: Gatsby is great, because he is dignified and ennobled by his dream and his mythic vision of life. He has the desire to repeat the past, the desire for money, and the desire for incarnation of unutterable vision on this material earth. For Gatsby, Daisy is the soul of his dreams. He believe he can regain Daisy and romantically rebels of time. Although he has the wealth that can match with the leisured class, he does not have their manners. His tragedy lies in his possession of a naive sense and chivalry.IV. Ernest Hemingway’s artistic features:1. The Hemingway code heroes and grace under pressure:They have seen the cold world ,and for one cause, they boldly and courageously face the reality. They has an indestructible spirit for his optimistic view of life. Whatever is the result is, the are ready to live with grace under pressure. No matter how tragic the ending is, they will never be defeated. Finally, they will be prevail because of their indestructible spirit and courage.2.The iceberg technique:Hemingway believe that a good writer does not need to reveal every detail of a character or action. The one-eighth the is presented will suggest all other meaningful dimensions of the story. Thus, Hemingway’s language is symbolic and suggestive.V. The character analysis of Emily in A Rose for Emily:Emily is a symbol of old values, standing for tradition, duty and past glory. But she is also a victim to all those she cares and embrace. The so urce of Emily’s strangeness is from her born pride and self-esteem, the domineering behavior of her father and the betrayal of her lover. Barricaded in her house, she has frozen the past to protect her dreams. Her life is tragic because the defiance of the community, her refusal to accept the change and her extreme pride have pushed her to abnormality and insanity.。
自考英美文学选读(美国文史)00604
美国浪漫主义时期 (2)美国现实主义时期 (7)美国现代时期 (11)PART TWO: AMERICAN LITERATURE美国浪漫主义时期1.主要作家及其作品：i.Washington Irving:The Sketch Book; Rip V an Winkle;The Legend of Sleepy Hollowii.Ralph Waldo Emerson:Essays; The American Scholar; Self-Reliance;The Over-Soul; The Poet; Experience; Nature iii.Nathaniel Hawthorne:Mosses from an Old Manse; The Scarlet Letter;The Snow-Image and Other Twice-Told Tales;The House of the Seven Gables;The Blithedale Romance;The Marble Fauniv.Walt Whitman:Leaves of Grass; There was a Child Went Forth;Drum Taps; Cavalry Crossing a Ford; Song of Myself;When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’dv.Herman Melville:Moby-Dick; Billy Budd; Typee; Omoo;Mardi; Redburn; White Jacket.2.清教主义Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the Puritans. As the word itself hints，Puritans wanted to purify their religious beliefs and practices. They felt that the Church of England was too close to the Church of Rome in doctrine form of worship，and organization of authority. American Puritans，like their brothers back in England，were idealists，believing that the church should be restored to complete "purity". They accepted the doctrine of predestination，original sin and total depravity，and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God. But in the grim struggle for survival that followed immediately after their arrival in America，they became more and more practical，as indeed they had to be. Puritans were noted for a spirit of moral and religious earnestness that determinated their whole way of life. As a culture heritage，the early American mind and American values. American Puritanism also had a conspicuously noticeable and an enduring influence on American literature. It had become，to some extent，so much a state of mind，so much a part of the national cultural atmosphere，rather than a set of tenets.3.超验主义Transcendentalism has been defined philosophical1y as "the recognition in man of the capacity of knowing truth intuitively，or of attaining knowledge transcending the reach of the senses." Emerson once proclaimed in a speech，"Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind." Other concepts that accompanied Transcendentalism inc1ude the idea that nature is ennobling and the idea that the individual is divine and，therefore，self-re1iant. The transcendentalists reacted against the cold，rigid rationalism of Unitarianism in Boston. They adhered to an idealistic system of thought based on a belief in the essential unity of all creation ，the innate goodness of man，and the supremacy of insight over logic and experience for the revelation of the deepest truths.4.象征主义5.自由诗Whitman is also radically innovative in terms of the form of his poetry. He adopted "free verse，" that is，poetry without a fixed beat or regular rhyme scheme. A looser and more open-ended syntactical structure is frequently favored. Lines and sentences of different lengths are left lying side by side just as things are，undisturbed and separate. There are few compound sentences to draw objects and experiences into a system of hierarchy. Whitman was the first American to use free verse extensively. By means of "free verse，" Whitman turned the poem into an open field，an area of vital possibility where the reader can allow his own imagination to play.6.爱默生的超验主义思想及他的自然观In his essays, Emerson put forward his philosophy of the over-soul, the importance of the Individual, and Nature. Emerson rejected both the formal religion of the churches and the Deistic philosophy. Emerson and other Transcendentalists believed that there should be an emotional communication between an individual soul and the universal ―over-soul,‖ since the over-soul is an all-pervading power from which all things come from and of which all are a part. Emerson is affirmative about man’s intuitive knowledge, with which a man can trust himself to decide what is right and to act accordingly. The ideal individual should be a self-reliant man.. he means to convince people that the possibilities for man to develop and improve himself are infinite. Emerson’s nature is emblematic of the spiritual world, alive with God’s overwhelming presence; hence, it exercises a healthy and restorative influence on human mind. ―God back to nature, sink yourself back into its influence and you’ll become spiritually whole again.‖ By employing nature as a big symbol of the Spirit, or God, or the over-soul. Emerson has brought the Puritan Legacy of symbolism to its perfection. 7.《小伙子布朗》中的寓言和象征In ―Y oung Goodman Brown,‖ Hawthorne set out to prove that everyone possesses some evil secret. The story illustrates Hawthorne's allegorical theme ofhuman evil. In the manner of its concern with guilt and evil，it exemplifies what Milville called the" power of blackness" in Hawthorne's work. In "Y oung Goodman " he sets out to prove that everyone possesses some evil secret. "Evil is the nature of mankind." Its hero，a naive young man who accepts both society in general and his fellow men as individuals worth his regard，is confronted with the vision of human evil in one terrible night，and becomes thereafter distrustful and doubtful.Allegorically，our protagonist，becomes an Everyman named Brown，a "young man" who will be aged in one night by an adventure that makes everyone in this world a fallen idol.However, The story is manipulated in such a way that we as readers feel that Hawthorne poses the question of Good and Evil in man but withholds his answer，and he does not permit himself to determine whether the events of the night of trial are real or the mere figment of a dream.8.霍桑的清教思想和他人性本恶的观点As we can see, Hawthorne’s literary world turns out to be a most disturbed, tormented and problematical one possible to imagine. This has much to do with his ―black‖ vision of life and human beings. According to Hawthorne, ―There is evil in every human heart, which may remain latent, perhaps, through the whole life; but circumstances may rouse it to activity. One source of evil that Hawthorne is concerned most is overreaching intellect, which usually refers to someone who is too proud, too sure of himself. He believed that ―the wrong doing of one generation lives into the successive ones,‖ and often wondered if he might have inherited some of their guilt. This sensibility led to his understanding of evil being at the very core of human life., which is typical of the Calvinistic belief that human beings are basically depraved and corrupted, hence, they should obey God to atone for their sins.9.麦尔维尔长篇小说《白鲸》的象征意义Moby-Dick is not merely a whaling tale or sea adventure，it is also a symbolic voyage of the mind in quest of the truth and knowledge of the universe，a spiritual exploration into man's deep reality and psychology.Like Hawthorne，Melville is a master of allegory and symbolism. He uses allegory and symbolism in Moby-Dick to present its mighty theme. Instead of putting the battle between Ahab and the big whale into simple statements，he used symbols，that is，objects or persons who represent something else. Different people on board the ship are representations of different ideas and different social and ethnic groups；facts become symbols and incidents acquire universal meanings；the Pequod is the microcosm of human society and the voyage becomes a search for truth. The white whale，Moby Dick，symbolizes nature for Melville，for it is complex，unfathomable，malignant，and beautiful as well. For the character Ahab，however，the whale represents only evil. Moby Dick is like a wall，hiding some unknown，mysterious things behind. Ahab wills the whole crew on the Pequod to join him in the pursuit of the big whale so as to pierce the wall，to root out the evil，but only to be destroyed by evil，in this case，by his own consuming desire，his madness. For theauthor，as well as for the reader and Ishmael，the narrator，Moby Dick is still a mystery，an ultimate mystery of the universe，inscrutable and ambivalent，and the voyage of the mind will forever remain a search，not a discovery，of the truth. 10.惠特曼《草叶集》的结构(自由诗)、主题、语言特色1. The themes in Whitman's poetry：His poetry is filled with optimistic expectation and enthusiasm about new things and new epoch. Whitman believed that poetry could play a vita1 part in the process of creating a new nation. It could enab1e Americans to celebrate their release from the Old World and the colonia1 rule. And it could also help them understand their new status and to define themse1ves in the new wor1d of possibi1ities. Hence，the abundance of themes in his poetry voices freshness. He shows concern for the whole hard-working people and the burgeoning life of cities. Pursuit of love and happiness is approved of repeatedly and affectionately in his lines. Sexual 1ove，a rather taboo topic of the time，is displayed candidly as something adorable. The individual person and his desires must be respected.2.Leaves of GrassWalt Whitman is a poet with a strong sense of mission，having devoted all his life to the creation of the "single" poem，Leaves of Grass.（1）the title ：It is significant that Whitman entitled his book Leaves of Grass . He said that where there is earth，where there is water，there is grass. Grass，the most common thing with the greatest vitality，is an image of the poet himself，a symbol of the then rising American nation and an embodiment of his ideals about democracy and freedom.（a）theme：In this giant work，openness，freedom，and above all，individua1ism（the belief that the rights and freedom of individual people are most important）are all that concerned him. Whitman brings the hard-working farmers and laborers into American literature ，attack the slavery system and racial discrimination. In this book he also extols nature，democracy，labor and creation ，and sings of man's dignity and equality，and of the brightest future of mankind . Most of the poems in Leaves of Grass sing of the "en-masse" and the self as well.（b）the poet's essentia1 purposeHis aim was nothing less than to express some new poetica1 feelings and to initiate a poetic tradition in which difference shou1d be recognized. The genuine participation of a poet in a common cultural effort was，according to Whitman，to behave as a supreme individualist；however，the poet's essentia1 purpose was to identify his ego with the world，and more specifically with the democratic "en-masse" of America，which is established in the opening lines of "Song of Myself".3.Whitman's poetic style and languageTo dramatize the nature of these new poetical fee1ings，Whitman employed brand-new means in his poetry，which would first be discerned in his style and language.（1）Whitman's poetic style is marked，first of a1l，by the use of the poetic "I." Whitman becomes all those people in his poems and yet still remains "Walt Whitman"，hence a discovery of the self in the other with such an identification. In such a manner，Whitman invites his readers to participate in the process of sympathetic identification.（3）Whitman is conversational and casual，in the fluid，expansive，and unstructured style of talking. However，there is a strong sense of the poems being rhythmical. The reader can feel the rhythm of Whitman's thought and cadences of his feeling. Parallelism and phonetic recurrence at the beginning of the lines also contribute to the musicality of his poems.（4）Whitman's languageContrary to the rhetoric of traditional poetry，Whitman's is relatively simple and even rather crude. Most of the pictures he painted with words are honest，undistorted images of different aspects of America of the day. The particularity about these images is that they are unconventional in the way they break down the social division based on religion，gender，class，and race. One of the most often-used methods in Whitman's poems is to make colors and images fleet past the mind's eye of the reader. Another characteristic in Whitman's language is his strong tendency to use oral English. Whitman's vocabulary is amazing. He would use powerfu1，colorful，as well as rarely-used words，words of foreign origin and sometimes even wrong words.美国现实主义时期1.Mark Twain: Adventures of Huckleberry Finn;The Adventures of Tom Sawyer;The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County;Innocents Abroad; The Gilded Age2.Henry James: The American; Daisy Miller;The Europeans; The Portrait of A Lady;What Maisie Knows; The Wings of the Dove;The Ambassadors; The Golden Bowl; The Art to Fiction3.Emily Dickinson:4. Theodore Dreiser: Sister Carrie; American Tragedy1.What is Realism?In art and literature, Realism refers to an attempt to describe human behavior and surroundings or to represent figures exactly as they act or appear in life. Realism emerged as a literary movement in Europe in the 1850s. In reaction to Romanticism, realistic writers should set down their observations impartially and objectively. They insisted on accurate documentation, sociological insight, and avoidance of poetic diction and idealization. The subjects were to be taken from everyday life, preferably from lower-class life. Realism entered American literature after the Civil War. William Dean Howells, Mark Twain, and Henry James were the pioneers of realism in the U.S.1.What is Naturalism? (or American Naturalism)In literature, the term refers to the theory that literary composition should aim at a detached, scientific objectivity in the treatment of natural man. The movement is an outgrowth of 19th –century scientic thought, following in general the biological determinism of Darwin’s theory, or the economic determinism of Karl Ma rx. American Naturalism is a more advanced stage of realism toward the close of the 19th century. The American naturalists accepted the more negative implications of Darwin’s theory and used it to account for the behavior of those characters in literary works who were conceived as more or less complex combinations of inherited attributes, their habits conditioned by social and economic forces. And consciously or unconsciously the American naturalists followed the French novelist and theorist Emile Zola's c all that the 1iterary artist ―must operate with characters, passions, human and social data as the chemist and the physicist work on inert bodies, as the physiologist works on living bodies.‖ They chose their subjects from the lower ranks of society and portrayed the people who were demonstrably victims of society and nature. And one of the most familiar themes in American Naturalism is the theme of human ―bestiality‖, especially as an explanation of sexual desire.Artistically, naturalistic writings are usually unpo1ished in language, lacking in academic skills and unwieldly in structure. Philosophically, the naturalists believe that the real and true is always partially hidden from the eyes of the individual, or beyond his control. Devoid of rationality and caught in a process in which he is but a part, man cannot fully understand, let alone contro1, the world he lives in; hence, he is left with no freedom of choice.In a word, naturalism is evolved from realism when the author's tone in writing becomes less serious and less sympathetic but more detached, ironic and more pessimistic. It is no more than a different philosophical approach to reality, or to human existence. Notable writers of naturalistic fiction were Frank Norris, Sherwood Anderson, and Theodore Driser.2.The distinction between Realism and NaturalismNaturalism is evolved from realism when the author's tone in writing becomes less serious and less sympathetic but more detached, ironic and more pessimistic. It is no more than a different philosophical approach to reality, or to human existence.The distinction lies, first of all, in the fact that Realism is concerned directly with what is absorbed by the senses; Naturalism, a term more properly applied to literature, attempts to apply scientific theories to art. Second, Naturalism differs from Realism in adding an amoral attitude to the objective presentation of life. Naturalistic writers, adopting Darwin’s biological determinism and Marx’s economic determinism, regard human behavior as controlled by instinct, emotion, or social and economic conditions, and reject free will. Third, Naturalism had an outlook often bleaker than that of Realism, and it added a dimension of predetermined fate that rendered human will ultimately powerless.3.What is (Social) Darwinism?Social Darwinism is a belief that societies and individual human beings compete in a struggle for existence in which natural selection results in ―struggle of the fittest.‖ Social Darwinists base their beliefs on theories of evolution developed by British naturalist Charles Darwin. Social Darwinists typically deny that they advocate a ―law of jungle.‖ But most propose arguments that justify imbalances of power between individuals, races, and nations because they consider some more fit to survive than others. The theory had produced a big impact on Naturalism.马克吐温1.Twain as a local coloristTwain is also known as a local colorist, who preferred to present social life through portraits of the local characters of his regions, including people living in that area, the landscape, and other peculiarities like the customs, dialects, costumes and so on. Consequently, the rich material of his boyhood experience on the Mississippi became the endless resources for his fiction, and the Mississippivalley and the West became his major theme. Unlike James and Howe1ls, Mark Twain wrote about the lower-class people, because they were the people he knew sowe1l ancl their 1ife was the one he himself had lived. Moreover he successfully used local color and historical settings to i1lustrate and shed light on the contemporary societyAnother fact that made Twain unique is his magic power with language, his use of vernacular. His words are col1oquial, concrete and direct in effect, and his sentence structures are simp1e, even ungrammatical, which is typical of the spoken 1anguage. Mark Twain's humor is remarkable, too. It is fun to read Twain to begin with, for most of his works tend to be funny, containing some practical jokes, comic details, witty remarks, etc., and some of them are actually tall ta1es.(2) The novel’s theme, characterization of ―Huck‖ and the novel’s social significance: Theme: The novel is a vindication of what Mark Twain called ― the damned human race.‖ That is the theme of man’s inhuma nity to man---of human cruelty, hypocrisies, dishonesties, and moral corruptions. Mark Twain’s thematic contrasts between innocence and experience, nature and culture, wilderness and civilization. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is best known for Mark Twain’s wonderful characterization of ―Huck,‖ a typical American boy whom its creator described as a boy with ―a sound heart and a deformed conscience,‖ and remarkable for the raft’s journey down the Mississippi river, which Twain used both realistically and symbolically to shape his book into an organic whole.Through the eyes of Huck, the innocent and reluctant rebel, we see the pre-Civil War American society fully exposed and at the same time we are deeply impressed by Mark Twain’s thematic contrasts between innocence and experience, nature and culture, wilderness and civilization.黛西米勒的主题和主要人物的性格分析1.The theme of the novelDaisy Miller is one of James’s early works that dealt with the international theme, i.e., to set against a large international background, usual1y between Europe and America, and centered on the confrontation of the two different cu1tures with two different groups of peop1e representing two different value systems: American innocence in contact and contrast with European decadence and the moral and psychological complications arising therefrom.In this novel, the ―Americanness ‖in Daisy is revealed by her relatively unreserved manners. Daisy Miller, a typical young American girl who goes to Europe and affronts her destiny. The unsophisticated girl is cruelly wronged because of the confrontation between the two value systems. Miller has ever since become the American Girl in Europe, a celebrated cultural type who embodies the spirit of the New World. However, innocence, the keynote of her character, turns out to be an admiring but a dangerous quality and her defiance of social taboos in the Old World finally brings her to a disaster in the clash between two different cultures. In this novel James’s sympathy f or Daisy could be easily felt when we think of a tender flower crushed by the harsh winter in Rome.3.The content of this selection: Daisy has just arrived at Switzerland with her family and meets Winterborne for the first time. Two days later Daisy goes alone with Winterborne to an old castle, which is soon in the air among theby its narration from the point of view of the American youth Winterborne狄金森诗歌的主题结构及艺术特色The thematic concerns and the original artistic features of Dickinson's poetry: 1．Themes: Dicksinson’s poems are usually based on her own experiences, her sorrows and joys. But within her litlle lyrics Dickinson addresses those issues that concern the whole human include religion, death, immortality, love, and nature.2．Artistic features: Her poetry is unique and unconventional in its own way. Her poems have no titles, hence are always quoted by their first lines. In her poetry there is a particular stress pattern, in which dashes are used as a musica1 device to create cadence and capital letters as a means of emphasis. Most of her poems borrow the repeated four-line, rhymed stanzas of traditional Christian hymns, with two lines of four-beat meter alternating with two lines of three-beat meter. A master of imagery that makes the spiritual materialize in surprising ways, Dickinson managed manifold variations within her simple form: She used imperfect rhymes, subtle breaks of rhythm, and idiosyncratic syntax and punctuation to create fascinating word puzzles, which have produced greatly divergent interpretations over the years. Dickinson’s irregular or sometimes inverted sentence structure also confuses readers. However, her poetic idiom is noted for its laconic brevity, directness and plainness. Her poems are usually short, rarely more than twenty lines, and many of them are centered on a single image or symbo1 and focused on one subject matter. Due to her deliberate sec1usion, her poems tend to be very personal and meditative. She frequently uses personae to render the tone more familiar to the reader, and personification to vivify some abstract ideas. Dickinson's poetry, despite its ostensible formal simplicity, is remarkable for its variety, subtlety and richness; and her limited private world has never confined the limitless power of her creativity and imagination.美国现代时期1.Ezra Pound: The Cantos; In a Station of the Metro.2.Robert Lee Frost: The Road Not Taken; Stopping by Woods on aSnowy Evening3.Eugene O’Neill: Beyond the Horizon; The Emperor Jones; The HairyApe;All God’s Chillun Got Wings; Desire under the Elms;Anna Christie; The Great God Brown; Lazarus Laughed;Strange Interlude; The Iceman Cometh;Long Day’s Journey Into Night.4. F Scott Fitzgerald: This Side of Paradise; The Beautiful andDamned;The Great Gatsby; Tender is the Night;Flappers and Philosophers; Tales of the Jazz Age;All the Sad Young Men; Taps at Reveille;Babylon Revisited.5.Ernest Hemingway: In Our Time; The Sun Also Rises;A farewell to Arms; For Whom the BellTolls;The Old Man and the Sea; Men Without Women.6.William Faulkner: The Sound and the Fury; Light in August;Absalom, Absalom; Go Down, Moses;A Rose for Emily.1）The Imagist Movement and the artistic characteristics of imagist poems：Led by the American poet Ezra Pound，Imagist Movement is a poetic movement that flourished in the U.S. and England between 1909-1917. It advances modernism in arts which concentrates on reforming the medium of poetry as opposed to Romanticism，especially Tennyson's worldliness and high-flown language in poetry. Pound endorsed three main principles as guidelines for Imagism，including direct treatment of poetic subjects，elimination of merely ornamental or superfluous words，and rhythmical composition should be composed with the phrasing of music，not a metronome. The primary Imagist objective is to avoid rhetoric and moralizing，to stick closely to the object or experience being described，and to move fromexplicit generalization. The leading poets are Ezra Pound，Wallace Stevens，wrence，etc.products of the movement are more easily recognized than its theories defined；they tend to be short，composed of short lines of musical cadence rather than metrical regularity，to avoid abstraction，and to treat the image with a hard，clear precision rather than with overt symbolic intent. The influence of Japanese forms，tanka and haiku，is obvious in many. Most of the imagist poets wrote in free verse and they like to emply common speech. They stressed the freedom 2）The Lost GenerationIt refers to，in general，the post-World WarⅠgeneration，but specifically a group of expatriate disillusioned intellectuals and artists，who experimented on new modes of thought and expression by rebelling against former ideals and values and replacing them only by despair or a cynical hedonism. The remark of Gertrude Stein，"You are all a lost generation，"addressed to Hemingway，was used as an epigraph to the latter's novel The Sun Also Rises，which brilliantly describes those expatriates who had cut themselves off from their past in America in order to create new types of writing. The generation was "lost" in the sense that its inherited values were no longer relevant in the postwar world and because of its spiritual alienation from a U.S. that seemed to its members to be hopelessly provincial，materialistic，and emotional barren. The term embraces Hemingway，F. Scott Fitzgerald，Ezra Pound，E.E.Cummings，and many other writers who made Paris the center of their 3）What is Expressionism？Expressionism is used to describe the works of art and literature in which the representation of reality is distorted to communicate an inner vision，transforming nature rather than imitating it. In literature it is often considered a revolt against realism and naturalism， a seeking to achieve a psychological or spiritual reality rather than to record external events.In drama，the expressionist work was characterized by a bizarre distortion of reality. Expressionist writers's concern was with general truths rather than with particular situations，explored in their plays the predicaments of representative symbolic types rather than of fully developed individualized characters. Emphasis was laid not on the outer world，which is merely sketched in and barely defined in place or time，but on the internal，on an individual's mental state；hence the imitation of life is replaced in Expressionist drama by the ecstatic evocation of states of mind. In America，Eugene O'Neille's Emperor Jones，The Hairy Ape，etc. are typical plays that employ Expressionism4）The concept of "wasteland" in relation to the works of those writers in the twentieth-century American literatureThe Waste Land is a poem written by T.S.Eliot on the theme of the sterility and chaos of the contemporary world. This most widely known expression of the despair of the post-War era has appeared over and again in the works of those writers in the twentieth-century American literature. Fitzgerald sought to portray a spiritual wasteland of the Jazz Age. Beneath the masks of relaxation and joviality，there was only sterility，meaninglessness and futility amid the grandeur and extravagance，there was a hint of decadence and moral decay. Hemingway，the leading spokesman of the Lost Generation，dramatized in his novels the sense of loss and despair among the post-war generation who are physically and psychologically scarred. Though disillusioned in the post-war period，he strove to bring about man's "grace under pressure" and tried to bring out the idea that man can be physically destroyed but never defeated spiritually. William Faulkner exemplified T.S. Eliot's concept of modern society as a wasteland in a dramatic way. He created his own mythical kingdom that mirrored not only the decline of the Southern society but also the spiritual wasteland of the whole American society. He condemned the mechanized，industrialized society that has dehumanized man by forcing him to cultivate false values and decrease those essential human values such as courage，fortitude，honesty and goodness.弗洛斯特的自然诗2. Robert Lee Frost ，His nature poems：Robert Frost is mainly known for his poems concerning New England life. He learned from the tradition，especially the familiar conventions of nature poetry and of classical pastoral poetry，and made the colloquial New England speech into a poetic expression. A poem so conceived thus becomes a symbo1 or metaphor，a careful，loving exploration of reality，in Frost's version，"a momentary stay against confusion." Many of his poems are fragrant with natural quality. Images and metaphors in his poems are drawn from the rural world，the simple country 1ife and the pastoral 1andscape. However，profound ideas are delivered under the disguise of the p1ain language and the simple form，for what Frost did is to take symbols from the limited human world and the pastoral landscape to refer to the great world beyond the rustic scene. These thematic concerns include the terror and tragedy in nature，as well as its beauty，and the 1oneliness and poverty of the isolated human being. But first and foremost Frost is concerned with his love of life and his belief in a serenity that only came from working usefully，which he practiced himself throughout his life.l. After Apple-PickingThis poem is so vivid a memory of experience on the farm in which the end of labor leaves the speaker with a sense of completion and fulfilment yet finds him blocked from success by winter's approach and physical wearinessStopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening。
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[转帖]英美文学选读学习技巧
我是外贸英语大专毕业的，为了拿到本科文凭，我的首选当然是英语专业，第一年我顺利就拿到8份单科毕业证书，今年四月我只剩听说与英美文学最难的二门。
通过今年考试我感受很深，也领悟很多。
我想这里开一个英美文学学习技巧话题，大家能交流一下学习经验或小窍门，为没通过或即将要考英美文学同学提供多一点信息和帮助。
谢谢！
首先我想与大家谈论一下参考书，我能理解大家想偷机取巧的想法，参考书必定是比课本薄得多，看上去象精选集，但事实并非如此，实际考题说明一切。
考题不会超大纲，答案自然都在书上。
只不过来年考题会从越来越偏僻角落去选择，所以课本也就越发重要。
我现在都能想象出题老师得意笑容，"我出的题难什么，都在书上"。
当我看完第一遍书时，其过程实在是艰涩痛苦，捏着厚厚书真觉得苦海无涯，望也望不到出头之日。
但奇妙的感觉在后面，当我第二，三，四遍看完，当然到后面是以翻看形式了，书本捏在手上变得越来越薄了。
我认为以课本为基础，在自己脑海中形成的超薄精选集才是正直实用有效的参考书，在网上是下载不到，书店里也买不到。
你所需要做的是把这课本看懂，读透，翻烂。
I don't want to say this is only choice, but it actually is, and an m ost direct and efficient way. Dont find too much resources, which cant easy your jo b, but increase your burden.
我看见许多人说背不出，或怎样背。
大家都是这条路上过来的难兄难弟，多半白天要上班，晚上要背书，有段时间我近似绝望，怀疑自己提早进入老年痴呆症，健忘症。
我不断弄混名字，作品，时期，英美不分。
就现在考题看来，题型已不是单纯浅显记忆题，而是在此基础上的综合理解题，在今年的部分选择题，简答题里都是这样。
如果不掌握最基本的（纯粹背的），PASS是绝无希望。
这里我介绍自己的记忆方法，这方法帮我走出维谷，希望对你们会有些帮助。
我的方法是建立一个树枝结构。
复习开始时面对的最大困惑是东西太多，无从下手，而且更糟是前背后忘记，忘得比背得快，简直是没天理，花下去的时间精力似乎打了水漂。
当然要让每个作家都能象对Shakespeare一样一听就有个大概印象，没有充足广泛阅读量是无法做到的。
既然太深一下子沉不到海底，我索性浮起来从面上抓，我的树枝结构应运而生。
可以说书前的目录就是主树杆，每个时期是树枝，每个作家便是树叉，单是这样还是很抽像很难记，加上不同的"色彩形状的叶子"，开始不用很多，节选作品，称号（e.g. the father of ..... or the Poet's Poet），相关术语（Whitman-free verse, Emerson-trascandentalis m），正是这些"叶子"使树叉有其独特之处，成为记忆的载体。
这样我一下子把英美文学浓缩成二张卡片，在回家上班路上忙里偷闲时看一下，记一下，背一下。
嗨，各位，这真得很有效噢，在很短时间内，我可以做出60％的选择题了，并将茫然无序的思路理清。
Though my tree is still in winter, "if winter comes, can Spring be far behind?"。
这也许可作为根基吧，但其巩固是在这棵树枝繁叶茂的过程中，基础巩固与细节化是相辅相承的。
然后我准备了一份小册子，一页一位作家，每页再加上作家主要作品，风格，特点，作品情节，语言，人物描写，功献，第一或最后本作品，最成功作品，最....，通过你不断从课本中汲取，你的树会茁壮成长，并且由重点到细节，从记忆，熟悉，理解整个过程基本附合考纲要
求，完美状态是直至差不多等于课本知识的涵盖量（这是共产主义状态，说实在的我没达到，真是革命尚未成功，同志还需努力）。
英美文学是综合学科，要通过或考好，是需要日常对英美历史背景熟悉，对大量著作的阅读，研究体会的。
死记硬背真的只是应付考试的，原始而无意义手段，而且对来年的考题是没办法应付的噢！
以下还有一些小窍门，希望有帮助：
1.先复习美国文学，后英国文学；
2.美国文学可先从现实主义阶段开始，英国文学可先从维多利亚阶段开始；
3.去年考过题还会再考；
4.诗中解释较多的话，找那些能反映主题的解释多背背；明年多半是课本没有的解释了，考你的对诗理解程度了，
5。
对各阶段时期特征多花功夫复习；
6.明年的理解题，综合题，比较题必然多，例如：
1.二个阶段思想，风格比较，举例说明；
2.描述一个阶段思想，风格特点，举例说明；
3.比较二个同一，不同阶段诗人，剧作家，小说家，举其作品说明；
4.详细说明一个术语，一种写作方式，风格，主义如何运用，举代表人物，作品说明，（eg, this year question: What is Allegory concerned with its implying meaning?)
刁钻复杂的题人人都可猜，我并非想例出一点希奇古怪的题扰乱你们的思路。
这次四月考试，我是充满信心拿高分，对每位作家或诗人我都仔细复习到了，但题目仍是出乎我意料之外，我觉得不公平是题型已不是去年直白而水平的出题方式，是一种纵向综合题型。
我想提醒明年要参加考试的同学，决不要把每个作家或时期独立复习，如果可能的话，在对每位作家或时期有一定熟悉的程度，作一点纵向的比较，不但能加深理解，对你们明年考试决对有帮助，不，是贡献。
坦白的说，这次考试当天上午，我脑海种几次想到应看一下各个时期的异同点，这是我的薄弱环节，但我仍按常理将重点放在几位重要作家写作风格的复习上了。
如果明年你是第一次考英美文学，那就别满足于对各位作家的了解，如果明年你又要参加考试，也许猜一点比今年更难的题目，才能应付自如。
在英美文学上我真花很大功夫和精力（与其它的十几门课相比），开始时期我确实感到无从下手，复习得很慢很仔细但效率不高。
我在这里介绍我的学习方法，只想给以后考试的同学一些提示吧！必竟是我亲身感受和经历的，希望大家能少走一些弯路。
在我开始自己的树枝结构的复习方法后，我的学习效率大大提高，那是一种直接，明确，层次分明，直达中心的感觉，我不知谁是否有过同感--课本变薄--确实一种美妙感觉，那天起我便有信心通过英美文学。
树枝结构如同将不同时期分成几格抽屉，复习每位作家时就象理衣服一样将它们各就其位，而每格抽屉与其中的衣服都有其共有的独特风格，（eg. Eng lish romantic period is an age of poetry, so there are 6 poets introduced here, and natue and freedom are main concerns of theirs)。
这样就不会象一开始，对每件衣服都细细打理，一旦回头发觉身后堆了一地衣服，仍然茫然不知所措。
（我曾将英国文学前二个时期来回复习二遍，恼火是进度极慢而能熟记住的东西不多，后然发觉这二个时期是最次要两个阶段。
）这也是我为什么建议大家先看维多利亚时期的原因之一，将头脑清醒比较有耐心的阶段留给重点。
另外，历史是从古到今，但也许逆向学习更顺一些，必竟年代越近诗人，作家写的东西比较容易接受理解，当你比较进入状态，即读起或背起课本内容很通顺时，再研究一下英语古诗，也许那些押韵，抑扬格会简单些噢！
不过由此我又想到一个好建议，是为明年第一次参加英美文学同学，也许在复习前，先翻看一下历年的考试试卷的题目，题型和答案（是如何作答的），这会使你的复习形成很强目的性，方向感，对如何抓重点，要点很有帮助。
我是经常复习一段时间就去看一下历年考题，很有启发，帮你找回一些遗漏地方。