自然拼读2-21个辅音字母的清浊
音标拼读规律
英语音标发音规律的归纳1 .元音1) [i:] 发音字母: ee ea e ie ei①字母组合ee发/i:/音,如:feed see fourteen thirteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen knee sheep meet three tree green②字母组合ea发/i:/音,如:easy sea peach speak clean eat cheap east leave leaf leaves team season tea teacher please③字母e发/i:/音,如:people me she he fever email Chinese④字母组合ie发/i:/音,如:piece field⑤字母组合ei发/i:/音,如:receive2) [i] 发音字母 i y e①字母i发/i/音,如:chip instead winner ill fix animal visit bit river fifteen still American America finish dirty invent important printing print practice win finger difficult expensive village in into stick fantastic ring capital Australia lift invitation his thirty-six inside miss nothing office sandwich delicious amazing click scissors history ticket building sit picture it is big build②字母y发/i/音,如:easy lovely naughty worry twenty fifty thirty forty sixty seventy eighty ninety dirty bicycle angry only thirsty any anything every everywhere everyone country heavy study carry3) [ ] 发音字母 a字母a发/ /音,如:hamburger dragon man taxi Saturday apple grandparent bad had have angry ran practice happy happen matter clap fantastic planet at capital Canada map language back granddad sandwich carry hand bag and bad black hat can4) [e] 发音字母:ea e a①字母组合ea发/e/音,如:instead head headache heavy bread pleasure②字母e发/e/音,如:get wet careful pet test clever elephant help helpful twenty them then yes yesterday second vegetable Wednesday seven seventeen seventy tell American invent went fell medicine every everyone end when message special west send restaurant sell well men question sell lesson bed deskyes watermelon③字母a发/e/音,如:careful air airport any anything parent grandparent many5) [ε:]发音字母:ir ur ear or er①字母组合ir发/ε:/音,如:bird girl thirteen thirty first dirty thirsty sir skirt circle②字母组合ur发/ε:/音,如:hamburger Thursday hurt return turn nurse③字母组合ear发/ε:/音,如:learn earth heard learn wear④字母组合or发/ε:/音,如:work worker word world⑤字母组合er发/ε:/音,如:perfect nervous hers her serve6) [ ] 发音字母:er or ou ar o a e u①字母组合er发/ /音,如:hamburger winner computer clever driver river tiger write yesterday after paper monster water watermelon finger matter fever concert father mother sister brother worker teacher writer player shoulder another theater speaker②字母组合or发/ /音,如:doctor③字母组合ou发/ /音,如:nervous delicious④字母组合ar发/ /音,如:dollar⑤字母o发/ /音,如:London phone second tomorrow potato history together today⑥字母a发/ /音,如:woman policeman vegetable American away machine banana Canada Australia chocolate amazing elephant China Japan⑦字母e发/ /音,如:quiet grandparent parent different hundred happen silence broken listen⑧字母组合ur发/ /音,如:Saturday surprise⑨字母i发/ /音,如:beautiful April7) [a:] 发音字母:ar a ear①字母组合ar发/a:/音,如:hard far card postcard car farm garden②字母a发/a:/音,如:fast last after dancing glasses glass grass laugh banana class plant aunt③字母组合ear发/a:/音,如:heart8) [∧] 发音字母:u o ou oo①字母u发/∧/音,如:jump puzzle but plus fun hundred cup cut duck sun much study up lunch bus ②字母o发/∧/音,如:love lovely worry London Monday won one everyone nothing another come mother dose brother③字母组合ou 发/∧/音,如:young country cousin④字母组合oo发/∧/音,如:blood flood9) [ ]发音字母:al or au our ar aw oar oor ou a①字母组合al发/ /音,如:all also small wall talk tall hall ball call walk always②字母组合or发/ /音,如:fork shorts horse more forty wore boredbefore for report sport north short airport③字母组合au发/ /音,如:caught④字母组合oar发/ /音,如:board roar⑤字母组合ar发/ /音,如:warm law⑥字母组合aw发/ /音,如:saw⑦字母组合our发/ /音,如:four fourteen yours course⑧字母组合oor发/ /音,如: door floor⑨字母组合ou发/ /音,如:bought thought⑩字母a发/ /音,如:water watermelon10) [ ] 发音字母 o a①字母o发/ /音,如:chopsticks shop cough from clock tomorrow monster cost concert office borrow chocolate solve of hot lost lot fox fox not②字母a发/ /音,如:wash watch Australia because sausage11) [u:] 发音字母:oo o u ou ew ui①字母组合oo发/u:/音,如:soon food tooth toothbrush toothache shoot too moon room zoo②字母o发/u:/音,如:who whose to into do two③字母u发/u:/音,如:rule flute true blue full④字母组合ou发/u:/音,如:group⑤字母组合ew发/u:/音,如:drew⑥字母组合ui发/u:/音,如:fruit juice12) [u] 发音字母:oo oul u o①字母组合oo发/u/音,如:look took good book foot②字母组合oul发/u/音,如:should would could③字母u发/u/音,如:put full pull④字母o发/u/音,如:women wolf13) [ei] 发音字母 a ay ea ai ey ei①字母a发/ei/音,如:make cake game race take April paper ate skate made came potato space safe amazing name cake late skate ice-skating②字母组合ay发/ei/音,如:way always may maybe say day Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday play playground player③字母组合ea发/ei/音,如:break great④字母组合ai发/ei/音,如:wait email rain paint⑤字母组合ey发/ei/音,如:they⑥字母组合ei发/ei/音,如:eight eighteen eighty14) [ai] 发音字母 i y①字母i发/ai/音,如:knife idea like Friday nice quiet wade high tiger writer nine nineteen ninety quite find bike bicycle climb ice-skating ride silence lie China Chinese surprise night time sometime mine fire line kind fine die hi high night②字母y发/ai/音,如:shy try why cry reply my eye fly15) [au] 发音字母:ou ow①字母组合ou发/au/音,如:mouse loud round mountain thousand proud south house out②字母组合ow发/au/音,如:now brown flower down how town16) [ ] 发音字母 o ow oa ou①字母o发/ /音,如:no cold stone old phone also go over gold onlyboth potato drove broken hope home②字母组合ow发/ /音,如:row know show③字母组合oa发/ /音,如:boat coat④字母组合ou发/ /音,如:shoulder17) [ ] 发音字母:oy oi①字母组合oy发/ /音,如:boy toy joy②字母组合oi发/ /音,如:point voice coin choice18) [ ] 发音字母:eer ear ere ea ie①字母组合eer发/ /音,如:beer deer②字母组合ear发/ /音,如:dear year hear near ear③字母组合ere发/ /音,如:here④字母组合ea发/ /音,如:idea⑤字母组合ie发/ /音,如:fierce19) [ ] 发音字母:ear air ere are①字母组合ear发/ /音,如:pear bear wear②字母组合air发/ /音,如:air airport chair pair repair③字母组合ere发/ /音,如:there where④字母组合are发/ /音,如:careful share20) [ ] 发音字母:our oor ure①字母组合our发/ /音,如:tour tourist②字母组合oor发/ /音,如:poor③字母组合ure发/ /音,如:sure cure2.辅音1) [p] 字母p或者字母组合pp发/p/①字母p发/p/音,如:chopsticks people chips jump shop computer pet airport plus phone policeman pear peach parent grandparent April paper print printing cup practice potato perfect cheap upon sheep clap proud surprise special report space planet capital map postcard playground reply point player place hope piece paper pen②字母组合pp发/p/音,如:happy happen2) [b] 字母b或者字母组合bb发/b/①字母b发/b/音,如:hamburger boat biscuit but bit beautiful vegetable bike bicycle bought climb break difficult bored before banana because back both blind borrow broken brown build building busy book big②字母组合bb发/b/音,如:bubble3) [t] 字母t或者字母组合tt发/t/①字母t发/t/音,如:chopsticks fast instead naughty boat late get wet shorts biscuit computer pet stomach test elephant sport visit taxi airport Saturday but bit quiet quite twenty tiger writer fruit fourteen thirteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen parent grandparent beautiful yesterday first vegetable last tomorrow take after Tuesday fifty forty thirty sixty seventy eighty ninety tell still dirty invent②字母组合tt发/t/音,如:pretty little kitty4) [d] 字母d或者字母组合dd发/d/①字母d发/d/音,如:hard food idea instead feed head headache day Monday cold loud wide old round hard good grandparent yesterday second find difficult different dancing dirty had gold made said ride medicine duck thousand bored field end proud Canada send postcard granddad playground blind inside bored kind sandwich delicious shoulder hand build building②字母组合dd发/d/音,如:add kidding5) [k] 发音字母:k c x ch ck①字母k发/k/音,如:fork make cake lake work worker speak milk take ice-skating skate took break look skirt kind broken thank think②字母c发/k/音,如:can biscuit careful clever cold cough clock second America clean bicycle climb cut difficult perfect cost concert clap class fantastic country cousin capital Canada because card postcard chocolate circle③字母x发/k/音,如:fix fox box④字母组合ch发/k/音,如:school⑤字母组合ck发/k/音,如:chopsticks clock duck stick back6) [g] 字母g或者字母组合gg发/g/①字母g发/g/音,如:hamburger dragon get game tiger orange good grandparent granddad go gold angry finger glass glasses grass language playground get girl give②字母组合gg发/g/音,如:egg piggy7) [m] 字母m或者字母组合mm发/m/①字母m发/m/音,如:hamburger make jump game computer mouse animal man woman more from may maybe policeman them milk Monday American important climb mountain made monster came matter machine time sometimes message meet moon map much many my mine team miss mom morning come email amazing men women room②字母组合mm发/m/音,如:summer mummy8) [n] 发音字母:n nn kn gn①字母n发/n/音,如:instead naughty dragon can win winner stone animal elephant man woman train nice twenty London no now new round policeman orange fourteen fifteen grandparent then fun second find Monday nine ninety hundred soon dancing American clean finish learn invent national important print went mountain only monster ran run won happen watermelon medicine machine any anything sile nce expensive thousand everyone concert Chinese nervous when fantastic②字母组合nn发/n/音,如:sunny banner③字母组合kn发/n/音,如;knee knife④字母组合gn发/n/音,如:gnaw9) [ ] 发音字母:n ng①字母n发/ /音,如:angry finger English think thank uncle②字母ng发/ /音,如:young ice-skating anything something ring language nothing amazing building dancing printing sing morning10) [l] 字母l或者字母组合ll发/l/①字母l发/l/音,如:people lovely lake careful puzzle clever animal elephant long always loud plus helpful old London clock lot lots policeman apple floor last April clean learn bicycle climb gold only last watermelon glass glasses class silence difficult wolf look village field laugh lie clap special planet capital Australia language ②字母组合ll发/l/音,如:ill all tell still wall fall fell sell well ball11) [r] 发音字母:r rr wr①字母r发/r/音,如:row Friday race from river fruit orange grandparent granddad tomorrow April American print printing great angry cry ran run ride grass everyone surprise report restaurant reply return break broken brown toothbrush read red②字母组合发/r/音,如:worry carry③字母组合wr发/r/音,如:write writer12) [f] 发音字母:f ff gh ph①字母f发/f/音,如:knife fork fast food feed far fix from future fruit four fourteen forty fifteen fifty floor find fun first after fall fell finger fever perfect wolf after field before fantastic safe fire fine five fly life②字母组合ff发/f/音,如:different off difficult③字母组合gh发/f/音,如:laugh④字母组合ph发/f/音,如:elephant phone photo13) [v] 字母v或者字母组合vv发/v/①字母v发/v/音,如:love lovely visit river seven seventeen seventy very vegetable invent fever village everyone nervous leaves heavy invitation drove solve evening over②字母组合vv发/v/音,如:divvy14) [s] 发音字母:s ss c ce se①字母s发/s/音,如:chopsticks chips instead shorts see saw biscuit stomach stone sea Saturday plus six seven speak say fast second first last soon still also yesterdayice-skating skate said monster thirsty sir silence expensive cost nervous surprise special stick fantastic space sun east west south Australia send restaurant sell sometimes inside safe study sausage sandwich delicious sent season solve scissors history question sit student caps②字母组合ss发/s/音,如:glass glasses class grass message miss③字母c发/s/音,如:dancing bicycle medicine concert CD exercise city④字母组合ce发/s/音,如:race nice ice-skating silence space office place piece juice⑤字母组合se发/s/音,如:mouse horse practise exercise course15) [z] 发音字母:z se s zz①字母z发/z/音,如:amazing zoo zero②字母组合se发/z/音,如:use glasses choose Chinese surprise because leaves whose those nose③字母s发/z/音,如:easy visit always Wednesday Thursday thousand cousin sometimes yours hers his season busy scissors bags caps dogs④字母组合zz发/z/音,如:puzzle buzz16) [ ] 字母组合th发/ /音,如:them then another17) [ ] 字母组合th发/ /音,如:thirtythirsty thirteen Thursday tooth toothbrush toothache anything thousandnorth south both nothing thought theatre this that these those think three thank mouth18) [∫]发音字母:sh tion s ch c①字母组合sh发/∫/音,如:short shop shy finish wash shout show sheep should shoulder toothbrush ship she②字母组合tion发/∫/音,如:invitation national③字母s发/∫/音,如:sure④字母组合ch发/∫/音,如:machine⑤字母c发/∫/音,如:special delicious19) [ ] 字母组合ur发/ /音,如: pleasure20) [h] 发音字母:h wh①字母h发/h/音,如:如:hard hamburger head headache horse helpful high hundred hurt happen heavy hear hand hope history hot home house how②字母组合wh发/h/音,如:who whose21) [w] 发音字母:w wh①字母w发/w/音,如:wet win winner worry twenty wide work Wednesday wash wall went away won well water watermelon wait wolf west watch we②字母组合wh发/w/音,如:why when what where22) [j] 字母y发/j/音,如:young yesterday year you yours yellow23) [t∫] 发音字母:ch tch①字母组合ch发/ t∫/音,如:chopsticks chips peach cheap China Chinese much chocolate lunch teach teacher②字母组合tch发/ t∫/音,如:watch catch match24) [ ] 发音字母:ge j g ch①字母组合ge发/ /音,如:orange vegetable villiage age message language sausage②字母j发/ /音,如:jump joy July June③字母g发/ /音,如:gym④字母组合ch发/ /音,如:sandwich25) [tr] 字母组合tr发/tr/音,如:try train tree Australia country26) [dr] 字母组合dr发/dr/音,如:dragon hundred dream drink27) [ts] 字母组合ts发/ts/音,如:shorts students boats lots28) [dz] 字母组合ds发/ds/音,如:goods woods。
辅音字母知识点总结
辅音字母知识点总结1. 辅音字母表首先我们需要了解辅音字母的基本组成,英语中的辅音字母包括:b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z这些字母在英语单词中扮演了不同的角色,它们的发音规律有些相似,也有些不同,我们将在后面的章节中逐一介绍。
2. 辅音字母的发音规律在读音上,辅音字母通常有两种发音方式:浊音和清音。
浊音是指发音时发出浑厚、有力的声音,而清音则是比较轻柔、清晰的发音。
下面我们将分别介绍浊音和清音的发音规律。
2.1 浊音b: 发音为/b/,如book(书)d: 发音为/d/,如dog(狗)g: 发音为/g/,如go(去)j: 发音为/dʒ/,如judge(法官)v: 发音为/v/,如very(非常)z: 发音为/z/,如zebra(斑马)2.2 清音c: 发音为/s/或/k/,在c前的字母是e,i,y时,读/s/,如ceiling(天花板);在c前的字母是a,o,u时,读/k/,如cat(猫)f: 发音为/f/,如fish(鱼)h: 发音为/h/,如hat(帽子)k: 发音为/k/,如key(钥匙)l: 发音为/l/,如look(看)m: 发音为/m/,如man(男人)n: 发音为/n/,如nice(好)p: 发音为/p/,如pig(猪)q: 发音为/k/,只能和后面的u一起出现,qu的组合通常发/kw/音,如queen(女王)r: 发音为/r/,如row(划船)s: 发音为/s/,如sun(太阳)t: 发音为/t/,如top(顶部)w: 发音为/w/,如water(水)x: 发音为/ks/或/z/,如box(盒子);在单词最后或元音后时读/z/如extra(额外的)y: 发音为/j/或/ɪ/,在元音前面时读/j/,在其他情况下读/ɪ/,如yes(是的)3. 辅音字母的特殊情况除了上述的基本规律外,辅音字母还有一些特殊的读音情况,需要额外注意。
辅音音标的发音方法
1. [p][b] 双唇爆破⾳
[p]双唇紧闭,然后突然分开,⽓流冲出⼝腔.
[p]是清辅⾳,发⾳时声带不振动,[b]是浊辅⾳,声带振动.
2. [t][d]⾆尖齿龈爆破辅⾳
⾆尖紧贴上齿龈,形成阻碍,然后突然下降,⽓流冲出⼝腔.
2.[t]是清辅⾳,[d]是浊辅⾳.
3.[k] [g]⾆后软颚爆破⾳
1.⾆后部隆起,紧贴软颚,形成阻碍,然后突然离开,⽓流冲出⼝腔
2. [k]是清辅⾳[g]是浊辅⾳
4. [f] [v]唇齿摩擦⾳
1.下唇轻触上齿,⽓流由唇齿间的缝隙中通过,引起摩擦。
2. [f]是清辅⾳[v]是浊辅⾳
5. ⾆尖齿背摩擦辅⾳
1.⾆尖轻触上齿背,⽓流由⾆齿间的窄缝泻出,摩擦成⾳。
2,是清辅⾳是浊辅⾳
6.[s][z]⾆端齿龈摩擦辅⾳
1.⾆端靠近齿龈(不要贴住),⽓流由⾆端齿龈之间泄出,摩擦成⾳.
2.[s]是清辅⾳,[z]是浊辅⾳.。
清清浊浊元又浊
清清:以清辅音【如/p//k//f/】结尾的动词后加 ed 读/t/ (/t/为清辅音) ; 浊浊:以浊辅音【如/b//g//v/】结尾的动词后加 ed 读/d/ (/d/为浊辅音); 元又浊:以元音【如/i//ei//ai/】结尾的动词后 加 ed 读作/d/ (/d/为浊辅音)
清清:以清辅音【如/p//t//k//f/】结尾的名词/动词后加 s/es 读/s/(/s/为清辅音) ; 浊浊:以浊辅音【如/b//d//g//v/】结尾的名词/动词后加 s/es 读/z/ (/z/为浊辅音); 元又浊:以元音【如/i//ei//ai/】结尾的名词/动词后加 s/es 读作/z/ (/z/为浊辅音)
清清浊浊元又浊
口诀 清清 浊浊 元又浊 /t//d/后面读/id/ s, x, sh, ch 结尾+es 读/iz/ 动词规则变化过去式-ed 发音 stopped robbed played planted, needed 无 /t/ /d/ /d/ /id/ 无 名词复数、动词三单形式-s/-es 发音 books bugs peas 无 buses, watches /s/ /z/ /z/ 无 /iz/
OO 字母组合发短音/u/的情况:
老厨有只好看的脚,拿着书吃曲奇,站在羊毛木头上 书:book 羊毛:wool 看:look 曲奇:cookie 木头:wood 脚:foot
21个辅音字母的发音规则详解
21个辅音字母的发音规则详解英语辅音又可以根据不同的发音方法分类,即气流冲破阻碍时所使用的不同方法,比如有的音气流冲破阻碍时听起来急促爆破,有的音则听起来摩擦感强爆破音:[p],[b],[t],[d],[k],[g]摩擦音:[f],[v],[?],[?],[θ],[e],[s],[z],[r],[h],[hw] 破擦音:[t僝,[鼻音:[m],[n],[K]舌侧音:[l]半元音:[w],[j]根据不同标准可以对辅音进行不同分类,但是我们在具体学习的过程中不能把各种分类方法割裂开来,其实即使归类不同,音的本质还是相同的,分类只是为了让大家对各个辅音的多面性有所了解。
比如我们说[p]既是双唇音,又是爆破音,所以在发音时两种特性都要兼顾。
再看[t]和[d],虽然发音部位相同,都是舌龈音,但是他们恰恰是一对相互对应的清、浊辅音,发音时理应有所区分。
最后让我们看看[n] 和[l],这两个音在我国长江流域某些地区的方言中不加区别,比如有人习惯把“河南”说成“河兰”,结果在英语中对这两个音也不加区分,这就是典型的母语对第二语言学习者的负面影响。
但是我们只要参考以下以上的第二种和第三种分类:两个音虽然控制气流的部位都是舌尖和齿龈,但是前者气流从鼻腔中通过,后者气流却是从舌两侧通过。
所以我们在感冒的时后鼻音[n]一般发不出来,而舌侧音[l]的发音却毫无障碍。
辅音字母的读音规则如下:一、字母B1)一般情况下念,如:book [buk] (书)box [b)ks] (盒)2)在字母m后面,则不发音,如:climb [klaim] (爬)comb [梳]3)在字母t前面,则不发音,如:debt [det] (负债)doubt [daut] (疑惑)二、字母c1)在元音字母a,o,u或辅音字母l,r,t之前,念[k],如:cat [k?t] (猫)cold [kεud] (冷)cut [k∧t] (切)clean [kli:n] (干净的)cry [krai] (哭)fact [f?kt] (事实)2)在词尾,往往念[k],如:music ['mju:zik] (音乐)logic ['l)d3ik] (逻辑)3)在字母e,i,y之前,念[s],如:nice [nais] (好)city ['siti] (城市)bicycle ['baisikl] (自行车)4)在轻读音节中,ce/ci+元音字母,这种情况下的c念[∫],如:ocean [')u∫εn] (海洋)social ['sεu∫εl] (社会的)precious ['pre∫εs] (贵重的)5)在辅音字母s之后,c不发音,如:scene [si:n] (场景)science ['saiεns] (科学)三、字母D1)一般情况下都念[d],如:dog [d)g] (狗)red [red] (红的)2)在词尾-dge中,字母d不发音,如:bridge [brid3] (桥)edge [ed3] (边缘)四、字母F1)一般情况下都念[f],如:five [faiv] (五)leaf [li:f] (树叶)2)个别情况下念[v],如:of [)v] (的)五、字母G1)在元音字母a,o,u或辅音字母l,r之前,念[g],如:gas [g?s] (气体)god [g)d] (上帝)gun [g∧n] (枪)glad [gl?d] (高兴的)green [gri:n] (绿色的)2)在元音字母e,i之前,少数念[g],如:get [get] (得到)give [giv] (给)3)在元音字母e,i,y之前,一般念[d3],如:gentle ['d3entl] (文雅)giant ['d3aiεnt] (巨人)gypsy ['d3ipsi] (吉普赛人)4)在词尾,一般念[g],如:big [big] (大的)leg [leg] (腿)5)在词尾-ge,-gy,-dge中,字母g念[d3]如:large [la:d3] (大的)energy ['enεd3i] (能源)judge [d3∧d3] (判断)6)在辅音字母n之前,不发音,如:sign [sain] (标记)design [di'zain] (设计)六、字母H1)一般情况下念[h],如:hot [h)t] (热)house [haus] (房子)2)在元音o之前,往往不发音,如:hour ['auε] (小时)honest [')nist] (诚实)3)在字母r,g或字母组合ex-之后,h不发音,如:rhyme [raim] (音韵)ghost [gεust] (鬼)exhibition [eksi'bi∫n] (展览会)七、字母J一般情况下念[d3],如:joke [d3εuk] (笑话)june [d3u:n] (六月)1)一般情况下念[k],如:cake [keik] (蛋糕)kite [kait] (风筝)2)在辅音字母n前,一般不发音,如:knife [naif] (小刀)know [nεu] (知道)九、字母L1)一般情况下念[l],如:land [l?nd] (陆地)school [sku:l] (学校)2)在词尾-alf,-alm,-alk,-ould之,l不发音,如:half [ha:f] (半)calm [ka:m] (平静)talk [t):k] (谈话)could [kud] (能)十、字母M一般情况下都念,如:man [m?n] (人)name [neim] (名字)十一、字母N1)一般情况下都念[n],如:line [lain] (线)pen [pen] (钢笔)snake [sneik] (蛇)2)在辅音字母k和g或[k]音之前,n念[η],如:finger ['fiηgε] (手指)bank [b?ηk] (银行)uncle ['∧ηkl] (叔父)3)在词尾-mn中,n不发音,如:autumn ['):tεm] (秋天)solemn ['s)lεm] (庄严的)一般情况下都念[p].十三、字母Q1)单独出现时念[k],但很少单独出现,如:iraq [i'ra:k] (伊拉克)2)在字母组合qu中念[k]摸上常见的,如:quick [kwik] (快)quite [kwait] (十分)十四、字母R一般情况下都念,如:road [rεud] (路)right [rait] (右边)十五、字母S1)在词首念[s],如:sit [sit] (坐)soap [sεup] (肥皂)2)在清辅音之前,s念[s],如:desk [desk] (书桌)newspaper ['nju:speipε] (报纸)3)在浊辅音之前,s念[z],如:husband ['h∧zbεnd] (丈夫)newsreel ['nju:zri:l] (纪录片)4)在元音字母和不发音的字母e之间,如果是动词,则s念[z],如:close [klεuz] (关闭)raise [reiz] (举)5)在元音字母和不发音的字母e之间,如果是名词或形容词,则s念[s],如:house [haus] (房子)case [keis] (盒子)close [clεus] (靠近的)6)在两个元音之间,s往往念[z],如:season ['si:zεn] (季节)prison [' prizεn] (监狱)7)在轻读音节中,在-ia或-io之前,s念[∫],如:russian ['ru∫εn] (俄语)dis cussion [dis'k∧∫εn] (讨论)(如-sion前是个元音,则s念[3],decision[di'si3εn])8)在轻读音节的词尾-sure中,念[∫]如:pressure ['pre∫ε] (压力)(如-sure前面是元音,则s念[3],pleasure['ple3ε])9)少数在重读音节su-中的s念[∫],如:sugar ['∫ugε] (糖)sure [∫uε] (肯定)10)动词或名词加s时的读音规则:1)词尾是清辅音,则加上去的s念[s],如:lamps [l?mps] (灯)likes [laiks] (喜欢)2)词尾是浊辅音或元音,则加上的s,念[z],如:plays [pleiz] (玩)pigs [pigz] (猪)3)词尾是磨擦音[∫],[3],[z]或破擦音[t∫],[d3],在词尾e加上s,则念[iz],如加上-es,念[iz],如:praises ['preiziz] (赞扬)pages ['peid3iz] (页)glasses [gla:siz] (眼镜)washes ['w)∫iz] (洗)catches ['k?t∫iz] (抓住)4) s有时不发音,如:island ['ailεnd] (岛)十六、字母T1)一般情况下念[t],如:tea [ti:] (茶)test [test] (测验)2)在轻读音节中,在-ia,-ie,-io之前,t念[∫],如:partial ['pa:∫εl] (部分的)patient ['pei∫εnt] (病人)nation ['nei∫εn] (国家)3)在词尾-sten,-stle,-ften中,t不发音,如:listen ['lisn] (听)ffasten ['fa:sn] (捆紧)castle ['ka:sl] (城堡)whistle ['wisl] (口哨)often [')fn] (经常)softcn ['s)fn] (软化)十七、字母V一般情况下念[v],如:voice [v)is] (嗓音)love [l∧v] (爱)十八、字母W1)一般情况下念[w],如:wide [waid] (宽)sweet [swi:t] (甜)2)在字母r之前,有时在字母s之后,不发音,如:write [rait] (写)wrong [r)η] (错)sword [s):d] (剑)answer ['a:nsε] (回答)十九、字母X1)一般情况下念[ks] 如:fox [f)ks] (狐狸)text [tekst] (课文)2)在重读音节中,在元音之前,念[gz],如:exam [ig'z?m] (考试)exact [ig'z?kt] (确切)二十、字母Y作为辅音字母,常出现于词首,念[j],如:yes [jes] (是)yellow ['jelεu] (黄)二十一、字母Z一般情况下念[z],如:zoo [zu:] (动物园)zebra ['zi:brε] (斑马)欢迎您的下载,资料仅供参考!致力为企业和个人提供合同协议,策划案计划书,学习资料等等打造全网一站式需求。
自然拼读法发音规则总结
自然拼读法发音规则总结(Phonics),是指看到一个单词,就可以根据英文字母在单词里的发音规律把这个单词读出来的一种方法。
即从“字母发音-字母组合发音-单词-简单句子-整段句子”逐步学习,让孩子轻松掌握“自然拼读”法,培养孩子正确的英语语感,打好英语学习的基础。
在英语母语国家的幼儿园里,孩子们从三岁起,就开始接受自然拼读法的学习了,这种方法是美国及很多英语母语国家孩子学习自己母语的方法。
自然拼读六阶成功法第一阶:建立字母与字母自然发音之间的直接联系。
第二阶:能够成功拼读元音+辅音(辅音+元音)。
如:c-a ca a-t at第三阶:能够成功拼读辅音+元音+辅音。
如d-o-g dog第四阶:能够成功拼读双音节或多音节单词。
如sw-ea-t-er sweater第五阶:能够听音辨字,即听到单词读音就能拼出该单词。
第六阶:单词量大量扩充,能够阅读英语文章。
自然拼读学习步骤步骤一:26个英文字母(alphabet letters)的发音-短音节Phonics自然拼音,或叫“自然拼读法”更容易理解。
拼读什么?就是看到英文字母或字母的组合能自然地读出、读对它的发音。
这里,首先要区分“读音”(Name)与“发音”(Sound)。
A-Z的26个字母几乎大家都认识、都能念出来,而念出来的就是字母本身的“读音”;而自然发音指的是字母的“发音”。
发音不同于读音。
看到字母后,不管读音,找对发音。
这就Phonics要学的。
理论可以讲很多很深,但Phonics注重的是方法与实践。
因此,知道怎么正确发音就行了。
1、21个辅音字母的发音其实只有18个。
C/K发音相同,只能算做一个;W、Y是两个半元音字母。
归在一处,只为方便。
2、5个元音字母的发音-短元音a、e、i、o、u是学习的重点。
步骤二:元音的字母音-长元音5个元音构成的以下元音组合的发音,就是该元音的字母音,即该字母的读音,但必须是发长音。
1、a的字母音----其组合为/a_e/、/ai/、/ay/,发音为a的字母音(读音),写作/ei/(注--以下都用国际音标符号)。
国际音标:清辅音、浊辅音的发音技巧
国际音标:清辅音、浊辅音的发音技巧英语国际音标共48个音素,其中元音音素20个,辅音音素28个。
今天,小编就来给大家讲解辅音的发音技巧及发音方法,一起来看看吧!清辅音:发音时送气,声带不颤动(颤不颤用手放在喉咙上就知道了)浊辅音:发音时不送气(拿张纸放在嘴前,纸没有被吹开),声带颤动[p t k f s θ ʃ tʃ tr ts] 清[b d g v z ð ʒ dʒ dr dz] 浊按照同样规则,但是不配对的有:[h] 清[m n ŋ l r w j] 浊鼻音 [m] [n] [ŋ] ,舌则音[l] [r] ,半元音 [w] [j])清辅音:发音时送气,声带不颤动(颤不颤用手放在喉咙上就知道了)[p] pay [pei] keep [ki:p] piece [pi:s] pen [pen]付款保持一片钢笔[t] take [teik] tear [ti ] type [taip] fat [fæ t]拿眼泪种类肥胖的[k] key [ki:] cat [kæt]can [kæn] cake [keik]钥匙猫能蛋糕[f]face [feis] fight [fait] laugh [la:f] wife [waif]脸打仗大笑妻子[s] sad [sæd] side [said] sick [sik] bus [b s]伤心旁边有病的公共汽车[θ]thief [θi:f]thing [θi ] both [b θ] teeth [ti:θ]小偷物品两者都牙齿[∫ ]shake [∫eik]short [∫ t]fish [fi∫]she [∫i:]发抖矮小的鱼她[t∫] chair [t∫e ] choose [t∫u:z]cheap [t∫i:p] catch [kæt∫]椅子选择便宜捕获[tr] trip [trip] try [trai] true [tru:] tree [tri:]旅行试一试真的树[ts] sports [sp ts] puts [puts] seats [si:ts] lots [l ts]运动放座位很多浊辅音:发音时不送气(拿张纸放在嘴前,纸没有被吹开),声带颤动[b] bike[baik] beg [beg] buy [bai] cab[kæb]自行车乞求购买软帽子[d]date [dei] die [dai] dad [dæd] card [ka:d]日期死父亲卡片[g] get [get] game [geim] glass [gla:s] bag [bæg]到达游戏眼镜包[ v] van [væn] save [seiv] live [liv] vast [va:st]货车搭救生活巨大的[z] zoo [zu:] zip [zip] size [saiz] easy [ i:zi]动物园拉开号码容易的[ð ] that [ ðæt]they [ð ei] this [ð is] their [ ð e ]那个他们这个他们的[ ʒ] measure [meʒ] pleasure [ pleʒ] treasure [treʒ]测量愉快金银财宝[ dʒ] joke age bridge玩笑年龄桥梁[dr] dress [dres] dry [drai] drag [dræg] drive [draiv] 服装干燥的拉开车[dz] sides [saidz] reads [ri:dz] hands [hændz]旁边阅读手[h] he [hi:] hat [hæt] hate [heit] hope [h p]他帽子憎恨希望[m] more [m ] bee [bi:] miss [mi:s] farm [fa:m]更多的蜜蜂想念农场[n] night [nait] near [ni ] name [neim] nine [nain]黑夜附近名字九[ŋ ] sing [si ŋ ] long [l ŋ] wrong [r ŋ ]唱长错误的[l] look [luk] lake [leik] loud [laud] all [ l]看湖大声的全部[ r] rat[ræt] read [ri:d] red [red] rice [rais]老鼠阅读红色米饭[w] why [wai] weak [wi:k] way [wei] war [w ]为什么虚弱的道路战争[ j ] yes [jes] you [ju:] year [ji ] use [ju:s]是的你年使用怎么样,看完了这篇文章,大家是不是对英语音标的发音方法及口型有了初步的了解了呢?喜欢就赶快收藏起来吧~。
音标三-清浊辅音
清浊对应辅音:/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /g/ /f/ /v/ /s/ /z/ /ɵ/ /ð/ /ʃ/ /ʒ/ /tʃ/ /dʒ/ /tr/ /dr/ /ts/ /dz//p/ /b/pea—be pat—bat park—bark cap—cab rip—rib cup—cub rope—robe tap—tab mop—mob pay-bay pit-bit path-bath nip-nib/t/ /d/tie-die tip-dip type-dike time-dime heart-hard bet--bed height-hide slight-slide fright-fried late—laid set—sad sight—side brought—broad eight—aid at--add feet—feed bit—bid pot--pod/k/ /g/card-guard class-glass come-gum cold-gold curl-girl pick-pig clue-glue exercise-exams back-bag lock-log lack-lag peck-pegback—bag dock—dog duck—dugC ut your c oat a cc ording to your c loth.(量体裁衣)Ta k e c are of the pence and the pounds will ta k e c are of themselves. (小事留意,大事顺利)All that g litters is not g old.(闪光的未必是金子)A g ood be g inning ma k es a g ood ending.(开头好结尾也会好)/f/ /v/free beautiful flowers football a funny film life half knifelive a good voice five leaf—leave safe—save proof—prove calf—carve life—live fast—vast feel—veal ferry—very fan—van few—view fail--veil/s/ /z/sit stand rice juice seven sister serve house science size hou ses busy lazyjazzass—as cease—seize loose—lose pass—parse seal—zeal sink—zinc race--raise/ɵ/ /ð/thanks think Thursday thirsty throw thunder birthdaythis that they father mother brother anotherbreath—breathe teeth—teethe worth—worthy north—northern south—southern bath—bathe/ɵ/-/f/thin—fin three—free thirst—first thought—fought thrill--frill /ɵ/-/s/thin—sin thing—sing think—sink thick—sick thank—sank thought—sought thumb—some theme--seem Mickey Mouse has a big mouth and steals away the cheese from thefar mer’s house./ʃ/ /ʒ/fish dish a six-dish meal wash machine a washing machine measure pleasure casual leisure television garage /s/ / ʃ/She sells seashells by the seashore. The shells she sells are seashells, I’m sure.So if she sells seashells by the seashore,Then I’m sure she sells seashore shells./tʃ / /dʒ/teach itch touch reach rich China charming chillyjudge arrange jam jelly jazz enjoy join jeans/tr/ /dr/truck trumpet try trousers tree travel true truthdry driver drink drank dress draw/tr/-/tʃ /treat—cheat trees—cheese trip—chip train—chain trace--chase/dr/-/dʒ/dressed—jest drug—jug drudge--judge/ts/ /dz/cats sweets eats hats pets shirtshands heads beds birds goods reads friends。
英语中的“爆破音”“摩擦音”,“浊辅音”“清辅音”都是什么
英语中的“爆破音”“摩擦音”,“浊辅音”“清辅音”都是什么我们在学习音标或者自然拼读法时,经常会接触到“爆破音”,“摩擦音”,“浊辅音”这几个概念,很多同学是一头雾水,那么他们到底是什么呢?那么,看这篇文章需要有点耐心,链接是视频课程。
1.爆破音:顾名思义,爆破音就是爆破出来的音,我们嘴巴里的器官在发音时,形成了阻碍,气流为了把声音发出来,冲破阻碍,于是就有了爆破音。
爆破音有6个,分别是音标的/p/ /t/ /k/ /b/ /d/ /g/爆破音还分为爆破清辅音和爆破浊辅音,它们分别是爆破清辅音/p/ /t/ /k/ (具体每个词的发音,请参照主页的视频课)爆破清辅音发音时,可以感觉到气流冲出,声音比较弱,声带无明显震动。
(可以用手扶住喉咙感受)。
爆破浊辅音/b/ /d/ /g/(具体每个词的发音,请参照主页的视频课)爆破浊辅音发音时,有微弱气流,声音比较清脆,声带有明显震动(可以用手扶住喉咙感受)。
2.摩擦音:总的来说,由发音器官产生的气流摩擦,从而发出的声音。
摩擦音有10个,分别是/ f / , / v /, / θ / , / ð /,/ s / , / z / , / ʃ / , / ʒ / , / h / , / r /摩擦音也分为摩擦清辅音和摩擦浊辅音。
它们分别是摩擦清辅音/ f / , / θ / ,/ s / , / ʃ / (具体每个词的发音,请参照主页的视频课)它们的共同点就是声带不震动(可以用手扶住喉咙感受)。
摩擦浊辅音/ v /, / ð /, / z / ,/ ʒ / , / h / , / r /(具体每个词的发音,请参照主页的视频课)它们的共同点就是声带明显震动(可以用手扶住喉咙感受)。
3.转音规则:摩擦音s与爆破清辅音p、t、k先后连接时,爆破清辅音p、t、k转发音爆破浊辅音b、d、g。
具体如下:sp转音为sb: spoon /spuːn/st转音为sd stone /stəʊn/sk转音为sg skill /skɪl/当然,音标上是没有标注变化的,这类同于发音的潜规则,请同学们谨记,例如spoon /spuːn/,虽然音标是/sp/,我们发音的时候需要变成/sb/,其他的也是一样。
十对清浊成对的辅音发音方法及详细例子
十对清浊成对的辅音发音方法及详细例子●十对清浊成对的辅音1. /p/和/b/[p]双唇紧闭然后快速张开让气流冲出口腔发出爆破音但声带不振动。
[b]双唇紧闭然后快速张开让气流冲出口腔发出爆破音但声带需振动。
/p/ pen lip ship sleep/b/ big bus box book bag a pretty present 一件漂亮的礼物Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。
2. /t/和/d/[t]舌尖抵上齿龈憋住气然后突然弹开舌尖让气流从口腔喷出但声带不振动。
[d]舌尖抵上齿龈憋住气然后弹开舌尖让气流从口腔中喷出但声带需振动。
/t/ tea tall at fat/d/ deer day red dog at times有时 a cold day寒冷的天气3. /k/和/g/[k]舌后部抵住软腭憋住气然后突然间离开将气送出来想咳嗽一样但声带不震动。
[ɡ]舌后部抵住软腭憋住气然后突然间离开将气送出来但声带需振动。
/k/ key kite kind lake/g/ go green good dog take care of Kate 照顾好凯特 close the book合上书Give the big dog a box of big bones. 给这只大狗一盒大骨头4. /s/和/z/[s]双唇微微张开舌端靠近齿龈气流从舌端齿龈间送出但声带不振动。
[z]双唇微微张开舌端靠近齿龈气流从舌端齿龈间送出但声带需振动。
/s/ seven six small bus summer/z/ zoo zero lazy zip1/3页some smart students 一些聪明的学生 close the windows关上窗户Walls have ears. 隔墙有耳。
5. /f/和/v/[f]上齿轻轻接触下唇然后吹气让气流从唇齿间通过形成摩擦但声带不振动。
[v]上齿轻轻接触下唇然后吹气让气流从唇齿间通过形成摩擦但声带需振动。
清辅音和浊辅音
清辅音和浊辅音20个元音[p][b][m][w][h][i:][i][t][d][n][j][r][E:][E][k][g][N][l][C:][C][f][v][u:][u][s][z][B:][Q][W][T][e[A][F][V][ai][ei][Ci][tF][dV][iE][ZE][uE][tr][dr][Eu][au][ts][dz]48个国际音标表元音12个单元音长元音[i:][E:][C:][u:][B:]短元音[i][E][C][u][Q][e][A]8个双元音[ai][ei][Ci][iE][ZE][uE][Eu][au]辅音10对清辅音[p][t][k][f][s][W][F][tF][tr][ts]浊辅音[b][d][g][v][z][T][V][dV][dr][dz]3个鼻音[m][n][N]3个似拼音[h][r][l]2个半元音[w][j] 英语单词发音规则一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音元音字母读音例词a 在开音节中[ei] name plane Jane baby cake在闭音节中[æ] bag dad hat map black backe 在开音节中[i:] he these me Chinese在闭音节中[e] bed let pen desk yes eggi 在开音节中[ai] bike fly drive time nice kite在闭音节中fish big drink sit milk swimo 在开音节中[ou] those close go hoe home no在闭音节中[C] clock not box shop socku 在开音节中[ju:] student excuse duty Tuesday在闭音节中[∧] bus cup jump much lunch在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读[u:]音,例如:June blue ruler super 二、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音元音字母读音例词a在[w]音后面[C] want what watch wash qualitya在f n sk ph sp ss st th前[α:] after plant graph ask grasp glass fast fatheri在-nd -ld和gh前[ai] find child light higho在-st -ld前[ou] most postcard old coldo在m n v th前[∧] come monkey love mother三、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音元音字母读音例词a [E]E China another woman breakfastorange comrade village cabbagee [E] hundred student open weekendchicken pocket begin childreni [E]/ holiday beautiful family animal[ai] exercise satelliteo [E] second tonight somebody welcome[Eu] also zero photou [E] autumn difficult[ju:] popular congratulation January动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读[ei]音,例如:operateu处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读[u(:)]音,例如:July influence February issue 在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即可以读作[E]音,也可以读作音。
辅音发音方法
辅音是发音时气流通过口腔或鼻腔受到部分或完全阻碍产生的音。
辅音有24个,根据不同的分类方式,分为不同的集合。
常见的分类是把辅音分为两大类,即清辅音和浊辅音。
清辅音是气流通过口腔或鼻腔时,送气,不震动声带,相反,浊辅音是气流通过口腔或鼻腔时,不送气,要振动声带。
因此,清辅音又称送气音,浊辅音又称为不送气音。
清辅音:/p t k f θs ʃh tʃts tr /浊辅音:/b d g v ðz ʒr dʒdz dr m n ŋ l j w/根据发音方式,辅音又可以分为下面六大类:爆破音:/ p/ / b/ / t/ / d/ / k/ / g /摩擦音:/ f/ / v //θ/ / ð/ / s/ / z / / ʃ/ / ʒ/ / h/ / r/破擦音:/ tʃ/ / dʒ/ (/tr/ /dr/ /ts/ /dz/)鼻音:/m/ /n/ /ŋ/边音:/l/半元音:/w/ /j/爆破音何谓爆破音?是气流在通过口腔时受到双唇、舌前部、舌后部的阻碍,然后忽然地打开,产生爆破的声音。
爆破音共6个,3组,清辅相对。
/p/ /b/发音方法如下:1. /p/ 和/b/是双唇爆破音,发音时,双唇紧闭,憋住气,然后突然打开,使气流冲出口腔,发出爆破的声音。
2. /p/是清辅音,要送气,但声带不振动;/b/是浊辅音,发音时不送气,但振动声带。
发这一组音时要特别注意,双唇音的发音特性。
同时注意清辅音和浊辅音的发音区别,在/p/ /b/位于词尾时,/p/比/b/更有爆破力,同时不要在后面加一个/ə/。
例如:cap/kæp(ə)/,cab/kæb(ə)/。
读下面两组词,比较清辅音和浊辅音分别位于词首和词尾的差异:/p/ /b/park barkcap cabrope robe/t/ /d/发音方法如下:1. 舌尖紧贴上齿龈,憋住气,然后突然分开使气流冲出口腔,发出爆破的声音。
2. /t/是清辅音,要送气,但声带不振动;/d/是浊辅音,发音时不送气,但声带振动。
清辅音和浊辅音
如唇、齿、舌、咽喉阻碍的结果。英语的辅音 有清浊之分,发音时声带不震动的是清音,声 带震动的是浊音,辅音共有28个。
清辅音11个 [ p ]: 发拼音里的“p” [ t ]: 发拼音里的“t” [ k ]:发拼音里的“k” [ h ]:发拼音里的“h”
[ f ]: 发“福”音,上排牙齿咬住下嘴唇,幸福音。 [θ]:咬舌音,咬住舌头发音。读“s”例:three [ s ]:不咬舌音发“嘶”音,蛇叫音。 [ ʃ ]:发“师”音。例:Eiglish
[tʃ ]:发“吃”去掉i音, [tr]:发“戳”音。 [ts ]:发“次”第一声短音
浊辅音前11个 [ b ]:发拼音里的“b”,去掉“鹅”音节 [ d ]:发拼音里的“d”,去掉“鹅”音节。 [ g ]:发拼音里的“g”,去掉“鹅”音节。 [ v ]:发“呜”音,上排牙齿咬住下嘴唇 [ ð ]:咬舌音,咬住舌头发音。读“z” [ z ]:发“嗞”音,钻孔音。 [ ʒ ]:发“日”音, [dʒ]:发“吉”音, [dr]:发“捉”音 [dz]:浊辅音,发“资”音 [ r]:浊辅音,发“弱”音
鼻音:按前中后分 [ m ]:前鼻音,双唇紧闭,鼻子出气,发拼音“m”音, [ n ]:中鼻音,嘴唇微微张开一指宽,舌尖顶住上排牙 齿牙后根,气流从鼻子顶出来,发拼音 “n”音, [ ŋ ]:后鼻音,舌后根顶住上腭,发拼音“eng”音 半元音:有时看做元音,有时看做辅音。 [ w ]:发“我”音。 [ j ]:发“耶”短音,
舌边音
清清浊浊元又浊
OO 字母组合发短音/u/的情况:
老厨有只好看的脚,拿着书吃曲奇,站在羊毛木头上 老厨:cook 拿:took 站:stood 好:good 书:book 羊毛:wool 看:look 曲奇:cookie 木头:wood 脚 浊浊 元又浊 /t//d/后面读/id/ s, x, sh, ch 结尾+es 读/iz/ 动词规则变化过去式-ed 发音 stopped robbed played planted, needed 无 /t/ /d/ /d/ /id/ 无 名词复数、动词三单形式-s/-es 发音 books bugs peas 无 buses, watches /s/ /z/ /z/ 无 /iz/
清清:以清辅音【如/p//k//f/】结尾的动词后加 ed 读/t/ (/t/为清辅音) ; 浊浊:以浊辅音【如/b//g//v/】结尾的动词后加 ed 读/d/ (/d/为浊辅音); 元又浊:以元音【如/i//ei//ai/】结尾的动词后 加 ed 读作/d/ (/d/为浊辅音)
清清:以清辅音【如/p//t//k//f/】结尾的名词/动词后加 s/es 读/s/(/s/为清辅音) ; 浊浊:以浊辅音【如/b//d//g//v/】结尾的名词/动词后加 s/es 读/z/ (/z/为浊辅音); 元又浊:以元音【如/i//ei//ai/】结尾的名词/动词后加 s/es 读作/z/ (/z/为浊辅音)
辅音字母有哪些?21个辅音字母的发音规则
辅音字母有哪些?21个辅音字母的发音规则在英语26个字母里面,元音字母的5个是A、E、I、O、U,辅音字母有20个,分别是city、baby等。
(以下单词请用划词工具获取读音:双击或选中)1、字母Ba. 一般情况下念[b],如:book [buk] (书)box [bɔks] (盒子)b. 在字母m后面,则不发音,如:climb [klaim] (爬)comb [kəum] (梳子)c. 在字母t前面,则不发音,如:debt [det] (债务)doubt [daut] (怀疑)2、字母ca. 在元音字母a,o,u或辅音字母l,r,t之前,念[k],如:cat [kæt] (猫)cold [kəuld] (冷)cut [kʌt] (切)clean [kli:n] (清洁)cry [krai] (哭)fact [fækt] (事实)b. 在词尾,往往念[k],如:music ['mju:zik] (音乐)logic ['lɔdʒik] (逻辑)c. 在字母e,i,y之前,念[s],如:nice [nais] (好)city ['sity] (城市)bicycle ['baisikl] (自行车)d. 在轻读音节中,ce/ci+元音字母,这种情况下的c念[ʃ],如:ocean ['əuʃən] (海洋)social ['səuʃəl] (社会)precious ['preʃəs] (宝贵的)e. 在辅音字母s之后,c不发音,如:scene [si:n] (场景)science ['saiəns] (科学)3、字母da. 一般情况下都念[d],如:dog [dɔg] (狗)red [red] (红的)b. 在词尾-dge中,字母d不发音,如:bridge [bridʒ] (桥梁)edge [edʒ] (边缘)4、字母fa. 一般情况下都念[f],如:five [faiv] (五)leaf [li:f] (树叶)b. 个别情况下念[v],如:of [ɔv] (的)5、字母Ga. 在元音字母a,o,u或辅音字母l,r之前,念[g],如:gas [gæs] (气体)god [gɔd] (上帝)gun [gʌn] (枪)glad [glæd] (高兴)green [gri:n] (绿色)b. 在元音字母e,i之前,少数念[g],如:get [get] (得到)give [giv] (给)c. 在元音字母e,i,y之前,一般念[dʒ],如:gentle ['dʒentl] (文雅)giant ['dʒaiənt] (巨人)gypsy ['dʒipsi] (吉普赛人)d. 在词尾一般念[g],如:big [big] (大的)leg [leg] (腿)e. 在词尾-ge,-gy,-dge中,字母g念[dʒ]如:large [lɑ:dʒ] (大的)energy ['enədʒi] (能量)judge [dʒʌdʒ] (判断)f. 在辅音字母n之前,不发音,如:sign [sain] (记号)design [di'zain] (设计)6、字母Ha. 一般情况下念[h],如:hot [hɔt] (热)house [haus] (房子)b. 在元音o之前,往往不发音,如:hour [auə] (小时)honest ['ɔnist] (诚实)c. 在字母r,g或字母组合ex-之后,h不发音,如:rhyme [raim] (押韵)ghost [gəust] (鬼)exhibition [,eksi'biʃən] (展览会)7、字母J一般情况下念[dʒ],如:joke [dʒəuk] (笑话)june [dʒu:n] (六月)8、字母K一般情况下念[k],如:cake [keik] (蛋糕)kite [kait] (风筝)b. 在辅音字母n前,一般不发音,如:knife [naif] (刀)know [nəu] (知道)9、字母La. 一般情况念[l],如:land [lænd] (陆地)school [sku:l] (学校)b. 在词尾-alf,-alm,-alk,-ould之中,l不发音,如:half [ha:f] (一半)calm [ka:m] (平静)talk [tɔ:k] (谈话)could [kud] (能)10、字母M一般情况下都念[m],如:man [mæn] (人)name [neim] (名字)11、字母Na. 一般情况下念[n],如:line [lain] (线)pen (pen) (钢笔)snake [sneik] (蛇)b. 在辅音字母k和g或[k]音之前,n念[ŋ],如:finger ['fiŋgə] (手指)bank [bæŋk] (银行)uncle ['ʌŋkl] (叔父)c. 在词尾-mn中,n不发音,如:autumn ['ɔ:təm] (秋天)solemn ['sɔləm] (庄严)12、字母P一般情况下念[p]。