专四语法讲解(从句)

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英语专四语法考试时间状语从句解读

英语专四语法考试时间状语从句解读英语专四语法考试时间状语从句解读根据历年专四真题语法词汇题的总结，从句是语法考试的难点，时间状语从句是难点之一，以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的英语专四语法考试时间状语从句解读，希望能给大家带来帮助!§引导词有：when, whenever, after, as, while, since, before, until, as soon as, now that, once, directly等。

____ to sleep than the telephone rang once more.A) Hardly he had gone§B) No sooner had he goneC) Not until he wentD) Scarcely did he goHardly /Scarcely… when 和No sooner… thanShe comes to me whenever she feels lonely.Once you object to a man, everything he does is wrong.Now (that) you mention it, I do remember.Directly he was out of sight of her, he wanted to see her.I didn’t wait a moment, but came immediately you called.The minute/ moment/ day, the first/ second/last time, each/every/next time 都可引导时间状语从句。

The day he returned home, his father was already dead. 【拓展阅读】专四条件状语从句考点解析1、连词看到条件状语从句，我们一般都能想到由if做连词，引导的状语从句。

专四定语从句语法点

专四定语从句语法点专四定语从句语法点引导语：定语从句，一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后（先行词）进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。

下面是店铺为大家精心整理的专四定语从句语法点，欢迎阅读！专四定语从句语法点关系代词：which（指sth 作主语或宾语），that（指sb或sth 作主语或宾语），who（指sb作主语或宾语），whom（指sb作宾语），whose（指sb或sth，作定语）,as（指sb,sth 作主语或宾语）;注意: 做宾语的时候，关系代词可以省略。

关系副词：when（指时间on which），where（指地点at which），why（指原因 for which）考点1. 先行词为人时引导词who和that(1) 只能用who不用that：1)当先行词为one(s), anyone, those 时；2)当先行词为人称代词时。

(2) 只能用that不用who：1)当主句已经出现who时。

2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。

1. He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man _that______ he was twenty years ago.A. whichB. thatC. whoD. whom考点2. 先行词为物时引导词that和which(1) 只能用that不用which：1)先行词为much, little, few, nothing, none, anything, no, all等不定代词。

2）先行词既有人又有物。

3）先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰。

4）先行词被the very, the only, the last, just, all, any, every, no等修饰。

5）关系代词在从句中作表语。

6) 在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中。

7) 主句是there be句型。

专四语法复习-从句篇

从句专题从句引导词的确定从句引导词通常起两个作用①引导和连接主从句②在从句中作某种成分答题依据：看它在句中做什么成分、表达什么意义（一）主语从句引导词：从属连词—that, whether连接代词—what, which, who, whom连接副词—when, where, why, how1 That he is always ready to help others is known to all.2 In some countries, ____ is called “equality” doesn’t really mean equal right for equal people.A whichB whatC thatD one答案 B（二）宾语从句引导词：从属连词—that, whether, if连接代词—what, which, who, whom(词尾加-ever加强语气)连接副词—when, where, why, how1 By success, I don’t mean ___ usually thought of when that word is used.A what isB that weC as youD all is2 We agreed to accept ___ they thought was the best tourist guide.A whicheverB whoeverC whateverD whomever3 The basic features of communication process are identified in one question: who says ___ through what channel to whom?A whatB howC whenD such4 Although Anne is happy with her success, she wonders ___ will happen on her private life.A thisB thatC itD what5 They always give the vacant seats to ___ come first.A whoeverB whomeverC whoD whom答案：ABADA（三）表语从句引导词：从属连词—that, whether, if连接代词—what, which, who, whom连接副词—when, where, why, howThat’s what they did. / why I didn’t come.The question is whether we shall stay or not./ how we can get there./ who he is./ whom he is looking for.The reason is (that) he is ill.（四）同位语从句引导词：从属连词—that, whether连接副词—when, where, why, howthat—无意义，不做成分，但不能省略同位语从句所修饰的名词被称为先行词。

专四语法讲义

专四语法部分一、总体概况：语法考点：三大从句——名词、定从、状从非谓语动词时态、语态、语气、情态动词其他二、从句讲解三大从句（一）三大从句五种基本句式主语+谓语vt+宾语主语+谓语vt+宾语+宾语主语+谓语vt+宾语+补语主语+谓语vi+状语主语+系动词+表语状语，主语（定语）谓语宾语状语(定从) 系动词表语（状从）（同位语）（非谓语）（非谓语）（介词短语）（介词短语）（副词）长难句解题技巧：抓住干，定从句逗号原则：在英语句子中，逗号是不能连接两个独立完整的句子的。

名词性从句三大从句（二）两步解题法1.抓连词2.状从中的连接词——常考固搭so…that in order that such…that with the result that so thatthat引导名词性从句——that+完整句子（1）主语从句e.g. It is true that he passed the exam.It is said that he passed the exam.It is a pity that he didn’t pass the exam.强调句式It is/was+被强调部分+that+不完整句子主、宾、表、状e.g. I met him in the street.It was him that I met in the street.It was in the street that I met him.(2)宾语从句主+谓语vt+（that）+完整句子e.g. I know (that) he passed the exam.（3）表语从句主+系动词+that+完整句子e.g. My suggestion is that he go with us tomorrow.(4)同位语从句抽象名词+that+完整句子e.g. My suggestion that he go with us tomorrow.There is/are +抽象名词+that+完整句子Answer,belief,concept,conclusion,decision,discovery,doubt,evidence,sign,fact,hope,idea,informati on,knowledge,suggestion,thought,probability…On the condition that…Despite the fact that…On the understanding that…that 引导限定性定从all some any one(s) every each…the first the lastthe only the veryn+that+不完整句子作从句中的主、宾、表语e.g. The book that was written by him is pop.that引导同位语从句抽象名词+that+完整句子that 引导限定性定从n+that+不完整句子作从句中的主、宾、表语The fact that he passed the exam was true.The fact that he found was true.三大从句（三）What=all that; the thing that; the person thatWhat 只引导主从、宾从、表从,不能引导定从和同位从What+不完整句子What he said made me happy.e.g. _____it turned out,it was Italian movie.A What_____it turned out was Italian movie.A WhatI know what he said.I listen to what he said.This is what he said.词______+ 不完整句子n A what Xvt/介词/系动词 A what 可以考虑词，_______+不完整句子A whatB whichC thatwhat 与how 的区别I don’t know what to do.I don’t know how to do it.I’m thinking of ______to do about it.A.whatB. how介词短语在句子的位置1）作状语句子+介短/介短+句子2）作定语n+介短3）作表语系+介短wh—ever与no matter wh—区别让步、名从让步I don’t believe whatever he said.Whatever happens,don’t panic.公式however + adj/adv + 主语+ 谓语e.g. It caused them to think about _______they might control the experiences of children to duce responsible and productive adults.A. whatB. howC. whateverD. however if 与 whether 的区别 if_______about the university the mind, love, dreams, or ordering a drink. A) whatB) whether C) while D) if Never ask a child _______he likes or dislikes.A) what B) whether C) that D) which We know, however,________ no two places are exactly the same. A) Although B) whether C) since D) that 三大从句（四）定语从句两步解题法1. 抓先行项（指人、物、整句话内容）2. 抓关系词在定语从句中的成分e.g. This is the house_______①I once lived.②I once visited.①where/in which②that/which/xThis is the very house_________ I once visited.e.g. I’ll never forget the day______①I met him.②I spent with him.①when/on which②that/which/xI’ll never forget the very day______ I spent with him. 地点n where 主+谓vt+宾/宾/宾补主+谓vi主+系+表时间n when 主+谓vt+宾/宾/宾补主+谓vi 主+系+表the reason why 主+谓vt+宾/宾/宾补主+谓vi 主+系+表三大从句（五）Which 在专四考试中，只考定语从句。

专四英语之分词动名词及名词性从句知识讲解

一、分词、动名词、独立主格结构等简要用法分词用法如下：分词作状语，一般直接出现在开头，后面加句子。

a)主动结构做状语，前面状语隐含主语与后面句子主语一致。

(Not)Being a student/sick/in the room,加句子(Being sick, he feels sad.)(Not)Having been a student/sick/in the room, 加句子( Having been sick, he stays at home.) (Not)Doing, 加句子(Smiling, he came into the room.)(Not)Having done,加句子(Having finished his homework, he returned home.)He came in, smiling.(本句子中的状语smiling放在后面而不是前面)b)被动结构做状语，前面状语隐含主语与后面句子主语一致。

(Not)Done,加句子(Written, the letter was put on the table.)(Not)Being done,加句子(Being written, the letter hasn’t been finished yet.)(Not)Having been done,加句子(Having been written, the letter is put on the table.)He came in, excited(本句子中的状语excited放在后面而不是前面)c)分词作定语The letter (which was )written yesterday is on the tableThe letter (which is) being written now is on the table.The letter (which is )to be written tomorrow is on the table.The man who has survived(having survived ) the earthquake is my friend.The man (who is )dancing here now is my friend.2. 独立主格结构a)主动形式的独立主格结构名词/代词+being a student/sick/in the room,加句子(He/Mary being sick, he feels sad.)名词/代词+having been a student/sick/in the room, 加句子( He/Mary having been sick, he stays at home.)名词/代词+doing, 加句子(He/Mary Smiling, Peter came into the room.)名词/代词+having done,加句子(He/Mary having finished his homework, he returned home.) b)被动形式的独立主格结构名词/代词+done,加句子(He/Mary punished, he feels sad.)名词/代词+being done,加句子(He/Mary being punished, he feels sad.)名词/代词+having been done,加句子(He/Mary having been punished, he feels sad.)3. 动名词，顾名思义，具有名词属性，做主语或宾语，做宾语时要么做动词宾语，要么做介词宾语。

专四必看语法：名词性从句

专四必看语法：名词性从句名词性从句指在一个句子中起名词作用的主谓结构，它可以在主从复合句中作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。

名词性从句的语序为陈述语序。

下面主要介绍一下考查较多的同位语从句和宾语从句。

1同位语从句1) 能接同位语从句的名词主要有: answer, belief, certainty, concept, conclusion, decision, discovery, doubt, evidence, explanation, fact, hope, idea, impression, information, knowledge, problem, promise, statement, suggestion, thought, probability, 同位语从句多由that引导，疑问代词who, which, what和疑问副词where, when, how, why也可以引导。

2) 在on the assumption that, on condition that, despite the fact that, on the understanding that等结构中，也可以用同位语从句。

2宾语从句1) 宾语从句的主要引导词有that，还有连接代词或连接副词，如what, which, where, how, why, 以及连词whether(if)。

2) whatever, whichever, whoever引导的`宾语从句，例如：I’ll do whatever you want (me to). 你要我做什么我就做什么。

3) 在in, but, except等少数几个介词后可以接that引导的宾语从句，且已经成为固定搭配，例如：This paper is perfect except that there are some misspellings. 除了有几处拼写错误以外，这篇论文写得十分完美。

英语专业四级名词性从句全攻略

英语专业四级名词性从句全攻略名词性从句是英语语法中的一个重要概念，它在句子中充当名词的作用。

在四级考试中，名词性从句常常是考查的重点之一。

本文将从定义、分类、用法、注意事项等方面全面讲解名词性从句。

一、定义名词性从句是指在句子中作名词用的从句。

它可以起主语、宾语、表语和同位语的作用。

名词性从句通常由连词引导，包括：that, whether, if, who, whom, whose, which, what等。

二、分类名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

1. 主语从句主语从句在句子中充当主语的作用，常出现在句首。

例如："What he said is true."（他所说的是真的。

）2. 宾语从句宾语从句在句子中充当宾语的作用，常出现在动词后面。

例如："I don't know where he lives."（我不知道他住在哪里。

）3. 表语从句表语从句在句子中充当表语的作用，常出现在系动词后面。

例如："The most important thing is that you are happy."（最重要的是你快乐。

）4. 同位语从句同位语从句在句子中充当同位语的作用，用来解释或说明名词。

例如："The news that he won the award surprised everyone."（他赢得奖项的消息让大家都感到惊讶。

）三、用法名词性从句可以使用不同的连词引导，根据不同的语境和句子结构选择合适的连词。

以下是常见的引导词及其用法：1. thatthat引导的名词性从句可用作主语、宾语和表语。

例如："Life is not what we expect."（生活并非我们所期望的。

）2. whether/ifwhether或if引导的名词性从句常用于宾语从句中，表示“是否”。

专四语法5讲--从句PPT精品文档

b.先行词被形容词最高级及first, last, any, only, few, much, no, some, very 等词修饰时， c. 有两个或两个以上先行词既指人又指物时， d. 在there be句型中 e.在先行词定语从句中充当表语成分
关系代词只能用that!
Practice
I was very interested in _A__ she told me. (2009)
A. by which
B. for which
C. to which
D. at which
定语从句考点四: 介词+关系代词
c. 介词+关系代词，该介词为从句里动词或者形容词词组里的习惯搭配介词；（注意引导词选用）
This is the ring _o_n__w_h_ic_h____ she spent $1,000.
A. which
B. where
C. whether
D. what
定语从句考点四: 介词+关系代词
b. 介词+关系代词，该介词为先行名词的习惯搭配介词;
The party, _D___I was the guest of honor, was extremely enjoyable. （2006）
B. so little money
C. such little money
D. what little money
定语从句考点四: 介词+关系代词
a. where引导定语从句，相当于介词in/at + which;
Have you ever been in a situation __B_/_D__ you know the

专四语法精讲-定语从句(内部资料)

定语从句
关系代词的省略
做直接宾语时可以省略。例如：Is there anything (that) I can do for you? 在“there be”结构的从句中作主语的关系在“there be”结构的从句中作主语的关系代词可以省略。例如：This is the only bus (that) there is to that park.
下面三个句子意思相同： The river whose banks are covered with trees flows to the sea. The river of which the banks are covered with trees flows to the sea. The river the banks of which are covered with trees flows to the sea. NOTE: 但是… of which所修饰的词若是数词、不定代词另但是… which所修饰的词若是数词、不定代词有其他限定词（the除外），不可改为whose结构。有其他限定词（the除外），不可改为whose结构。例如：There are six possibilities, every one of which involves difficulty. They offered a strong opposition, of the like of which he had never dreamed.
此结构在定语从句中可以作状语或定语，并可修饰别的名词一同作状语。 Which在定语从句中可以单独作定语，而whom却不 Which在定语从句中可以单独作定语，而whom却不可。例如：A path, on both side of which flowers grew, led to the exhibition hall. 两边长满花的小径，通往展示厅。 This is the ring on which she spent 1,000 dollars. Sound is a tool by means of which people communicate with each other. (状语) Ten years of hard work changed her greatly, for which reason he could hardly recognize her at first sight. (定语)

专四语法考点串讲状语从句ppt课件

• 考点四：no matter +疑问词相当于疑问词+ever: 不管…都…
五、地点状语从句
• where/ wherever （wherever --- 无论哪里）
• 考点聚焦：地点状语从句和where定语从句的区别：
• Tips: 判断是定语从句还是地点状语从句，要看从句前是否有先行词，有先行词的是定语从句，否则是状语从句。
• （6）It was not + 时间段 + before从句“没过多长时间就……”
二、条件状语从句
• 连接词：if , unless( 如果..不，除非), so/as long as（只要）, on condition that（条件是），as (so) far as ( 据.. 所知), provided that（要是，如果）， in case(万一，假使)，等
• 考点二：while 尽管
• eg. While I have sympathy for you, I can’t help you.
• 考点三：Whether ---不管，常与or not 连用
• Eg. Whether he is good or not, the company decided to send him abroad.
• Since everyone makes mistakes in life, you needn’t scold him for it.
• The day breaks, for the birds are singing.
• 考点二、 when 既然
• Eg. How can you expect to learn anything when you never listen?

专四语法定语从句

11. That 作为关联词可以当作关系副词用 e.g. This is the house in which Louis XIII lived.
This is the house that Louis XIII lived. This is the house where Louis XIII lived. This is house which Louis XIII lived in. This is the house Louis XIII lived in.
12 关系副词when, where和关系代词that, which的区分
同样是修饰一个地点，有时使用where，有时使用that/which；
同样是修饰一个时间，有时使用when，有时使用that/which 主要看：从句意思是否完整；完整的话需用关系副词，若意思
不完整则需加关系代词充当某个成分。
2引导从句时表示“正如”，没有具体的内容， which引导从句时表示具体的内容
Air, as is well-known, contains some kinds of gas.
3 As引导的从句位置很灵活，可在主句前面、中间和后面，而which从句只能放在主句之后。
14 定语从句和同位语从句的区别：
6. 当those作为先行词指人时，通常只能用who引导；
7. as 从句的先行词是the same, such, 或被他们所修饰；多用于表示肯定意义的从句中，不用于表否定意义的从句中。
e.g. Many of the sports are the same as they were when they started.
eg. The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.

专四语法精讲名词性从句(内部资料)

பைடு நூலகம்
but, but that和but what 用于no doubt和no deny之后，等于that. 例如：There can be no doubt but that it is the best choice.这无疑是最好的选择。 I can not deny but what it is an urgent matter.我不否认这是一件急迫的事情。 2）用于特殊疑问句中或否定词之后，相当于that…not 例如：Who knows but that it may be true.谁知道这是不是真的呢？ Who knows that it may not be true. but that可以引导条件状语从句，这时，but that表示“若不是”，相当于if从句，主句常用虚拟语气。例如：He would have helped you but that he was short of money at the time.如果不
动词wonder可以接if 或whether从句；也可以接that从句。动词doubt（怀疑，不知道）的肯定句接if或whether从句，但否定式don’t doubt和疑问式Do you doubt要接that从句；doubt 作“不信” 解，表示强烈的不相信时，在陈述句中可接that从句。 If和whether常用在see, ask, try, wonder, know等动词后。可以说no matter whether 或no matter if 这三个连词在句子中只起连接作用，不担任句子成分。
（正）
He will give the book to whomever he likes. (whomever作宾语，不可用whoever, who或whom)

英语专四语法讲义

名词性从句、定语从句名词性从句三大从句定语从句状语从句主语从句宾语从句名词性从句表语从句同位语从句两步解题法 1.抓连词2.抓连词在名词性从句中的成分连接词 -- that whether if （宾从）连词连接代词 -- what(ever) which(ever) who(ever) whom(ever) whose 连接副词 -- how(ever) when(ever) where(ver) why英语专业四级语法讲义代词that名从中连接词--考与what的区别连词限定性定从中关代--考与which的区别强调句式--注意与主从的区别状从中连接词--常考固搭状从中的连接词--常考固搭so…that in order that such…that with the result thatso thatthat引导名词性从句--that + 完整句子(1)主语从句It is/was + adj.-ed+that +完整句子某些名词e.g. It is true that he passed the exam.It is said that he passed the exam.It is a pity that he didn’t pass the exam.*强调句式It is/was +被强调部分+ that +不完整句子主、宾、表、状e.g.I met him in the street.It was him that I met in the street.It was in the street that I met him.It was I that met him in the street.(2)宾语从句主+ 谓语vt + (that) + 完整句子e.g.I know (that) he passed the exam.(3)表语从句主+ 系动词+ that + 完整句子e.g. My suggestion is that he go with us tomorrow.(4)同位语从句抽象名词+ that + 完整句子e.g. My suggestion that he go with us tomorrow is right.There is /are + 抽象名词+ that + 完整句子*抽象名词answer, belief, concept, conclusion, decision, discovery, doubt, evidence, sign, fact, hope, idea, information, knowledge, statement, suggestion, thought, probability…on the condition that…despite the fact that…on the understanding that…代词that名从中连接词--考与what的区别连词限定性定从中关代--考与which的区别强调句式--注意与主从的区别状从中连接词--常考固搭that 引导限定性定从all some any one(s) every each …the first the last the only the veryN + that + 不完整句子作从句的主、宾、表语e.g. The book that was written by him is pop.that引导同位语从句抽象名词+ that + 完整句子that引导限定性定从N + that + 不完整句子作从句的主、宾、表语The fact that he passed the exam was true.The fact that he found was true.what = all that; the thing that; the person thatwhat + 不完整句子What he said made me happy.e.g. ____it turned out, it was Italian movie.A What____ it turned out was Italian movie.A WhatI know what he said.I listen to what he said.This is what he said.词___ + 不完整句子n A what Xvt /介词/系动词 A what 可以考虑词，___ + 不完整句子A whatB whichC thatwhat与how的区别I don’t know what to do .I don’t know how to do it.I’m thinking of __A__ to do about it.A.whatB.how介词短语在句中的位置1）作状语句子+介短/介短+句子2)作定语n + 介短3）作表语系+介短4）与vi连用形成固搭wh-ever 与no matter wh- 区别让步、名从让步I don’t believe whatever he said.Whatever happens, don’t panic.转折连词---找逗号“但是”however让步连词---找公式“无论如何”However, ,however,公式however + adj/adv + 主语+ 谓语e.g. It caused them to think about B___ they might control the experiences of children to produce responsible and productive adults.A.whatB.howC.whateverD.howeverif与whether的区别if 条件状从“如果”/宾从“是否”whether 让步状从“无论是否”名词性从句（主从、宾从、表从、同位从）“无论是否”whether…or not/…or...We know, however, __D__ no two places are exactly the same.A)although B)whetherC)since D)that定语从句：限定性定语从句/非限定性定语从句两步解题法1.抓先行项（指人、物、整句话内容）2.抓关系词在定语从句中的成分关系词：关系代词--作主、宾、表、定语关系副词--作状语e.g. This is the house ____①I once lived.②I once visited.①where / in which②that / which / XThis is the very house _that/x___ I once visited.e.g. I’ll never forget the day ___①I met him.②I spent with him.①when / on which②that / which / XI’ll never forget the very day _that/x__ I spent with him.地点N where 主+谓vt+宾/宾/宾补主+谓vi主+系+表时间N when 主+谓vt+宾/宾/宾补主+谓vi主+系+表the reason why 主+谓vt+宾/宾/宾补主+谓vi主+系+表词___ + 句子A whatB whichC that词，___ + 句子A whatB whichC thatN 介词+ which+主+谓+宾介词+ whom+主+谓+宾The food __on _ which he depends is expensive.We need a chairman ___in__ whom we have confidence.have confidence inbe confident ofWe were struck by the extend _to__ which the teacher’s decision served the interests of the school rather than those of the students.I listen to what he said.…set at ___C__ they would be if ….A whichB thatC whatD whoAs ①固定搭配②介词与like区别③原因状从④比较状从⑤方式状从⑥让步倒装⑦时间状从⑧定语从句as引导的限定性定语从句such…as (不完整句子)the same…as(不完整句子)注意与such …that区别such …that(完整句子)e.g. It wasn’t such a good dinner _B__ she had promised us.A.thatB.asC.whichD.whatpromise to do/promise sb sthe.g. There was such a long line at the exhibition _A___ we had to wait for about an hour.A.thatB.asC.soD.hencewait for me for a long timee.g. It is language _B___ distinguishes man from the rest of the animal world.A.whatB.thatC.aswhose 表所属关系“…的”n + （,）whose + n.I know a girl whose name is Mary.I like the room whose window faces the south.The book, the cover _B__ is broken, isn’t mine.A whose B. of whichThe book , __A__ cover is broken, isn’t mine.A.whoseB.of which名从、定从真题练习04年43.The government has promised to do ________ lies in its power to ease the hardships of the victims in the flood-stricken area.[A]however[B]whichever[C]whatever[D]wherever03年43.Above the trees are the hills, ____ magnificence the river faithfully reflects on the surface.[A]where [B] of whose[C]whose[D]which51.They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of time, ____ is something we had not expected.[A]which[B]it[C]that[D]what52.He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man ____ he was twenty years ago.[A]which[B]that[C]who[D]whom02年44.Have you ever been in a situation ___ you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him?[A]by which [B] that [C] in where [D] where45.We’ve just installed two air-conditioners in our apartment, ___should make great differences in our life next summer.[A]which[B]what[C]that[D]they01年42.Even as a girl, ______ to be her life, and theater audiences were to be her best teacher.[A]performing by Melissa were[B]it was known that Melissa’s performances were[C]knowing that Melissa’s performances were[D]Melissa knew that performing was44.There is no doubt ______the company has made the right decision on the sales project.[A]why [B] that[C]whether [D] when45.Intellect is to the mind ______sight is to the body.[A]what [B] as[C]that [D]like08年53.Nine is to three _____ three is to one.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.what62.Quality is ____ counts most.A.whichB.thatC. whatD.where09年56.I was very interested in _____ she told me.A.all thatB.all whichC.all whatD.that10年54.After ______ seemed an endless wait, it was his turn to enter the personnel manager's office.A.thatB.itC.whatD.there11年63.There is no doubt ________ the couple did the right thing in coming back home earlier than planned.A.whetherB.thatC.whyD.when参考答案：C.C. A. B. D A.D. B. A. D. C.A. C. B.状语从句状语从句让步状从although though even if / thougheven adv.Even 句子，句子XEven they get the answers right, some are just guessing. Xas引导的让步倒装adj.adv.n (无冠词) as + 主+谓分词短语表让步Although/Though 句首While 表转折but 句中当……时候46.____C__ I sympathize, I can’t really do very much to help them out of the difficulties.[A]As long as[B]As[C]While[D]Evenwh-ever 与no matter wh- 区别让步、名从让步whether…or not/or省略whether倒装Whether he is busy or free, he still keeps on studying English.Be he busy or free, he still keeps on studying English.42.____D____, I’ll marry him all the same.[A]Was he rich or poor [B] Whether rich or poor[C]Were he rich or poor [D] Be he rich or poordespite = in spite of介词介短条件状从if与whether的区别unless = if…notas long as=so long ason condition thatin the event that42.This is an illness that can result in total blindness ___B___ left untreated.[A]after[B]if[C]since[D]unlessprovided (that)= providing (that)= suppose (that)= supposing (that)__B_ I have enough money, I’ll visit Europe next year.A.ImagineB.SupposeC.ProvideD.Givein case：主+ do/does主+ should doin case of时间状从when while as 区别（2）Hardly haveScarcely+has+主+ done + whenhadhave（3）No sooner+has+主+ done + thanhad60.The couple had no sooner got to the station __D___ the coach left.A.whenB. asC.untilD.thanThis means that no sooner has he got used to one routine (33)______D__ he has to change to another, so that much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very efficiently.33.[A] as[B]when[C]then[D]thanas soon as=the instant=the minute=the momentby the timeevery time each timesince (自从)过去时间点主+ have/has –ed + since过去时句子till/until not …untilonce ①adv “曾经”②连词“一旦”before after then结果状从目的状从so…that with the result thatsuch…that so thatso that in order thattherefore consequently thus so原因状从because = in thatsince = now thatas forbecause of due toowing to thanks to54.Men differ from animals _C___ they can think and speak.A.for whichB. for thatC.in thatD.in which地点状从where wherever anywhere somewhereStay where you are.注意与定语从句的区别This is the house where I once lived.注意when引导的时间状从与定从的区别I’ll never forget the day when I met him.08年56.I enjoyed myself so much _B.____ I visited my friend in Pairs last year.A thatB whenC whereD which比较状从as…as, thanas … as possible = as … as one canthan：比较状从定语从句比较级+ than + 完整句子He ran faster than I did.比较级+ （n）+ than + 不完整句子方式状从as just asI have changed it as you suggested.注意与非限定性定语从句的区别I have changed it, as you suggested.41.She did her work ___A____ her manager had instructed.[A]as[B]until[C]when[D]though状从真题练习07年51.There are as good fish in the sea _____ever came out of it.[A]than[B]like[C]as[D]so61.The research requires more money than _____.[A]have been put in[B]has been put in[C]being put in[D]to be put in04年49.The experiment requires more money than____.[A]have been put in[B]being put in[C]has been put in[D]to be put in06年51.__________ dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful top executive.［A］Although ［B］Whatever［C］As ［D］However03年45.—Does Alan like hamburgers?—Yes. So much ____ that he eats them almost every day.[A]for[B]as[C]to[D]so49.____ I like economics, I like sociology much better.[A]As mush as[B]So much[C]How much[D]Much as08年55.____ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his assignment.A.Much thoughB.Much asC.As muchD.Though much60.They stood chatting together as easily and naturally as ____.A.it could beB.could beC.it wasD.was09年54._____ the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask me to work overtime without pay.A.WhateverB.WheneverC.WhicheverD.However08年56.I enjoyed myself so much ____ I visited my friends in Paris last year.A.whenB.whichC.thatD.where01年49.Barry had an advantage over his mother ______ he could speak French.[A]since that [B] in that[C]at that[D]so that参考答案：C.B. C.D. D. D.B. A. A. A. B.虚拟虚拟语气与情态动词1.if引导的虚拟语气（1）省略if 的虚拟倒装※had + 主语（not ）done ※should + 主语 + do ※were +主语+ to do （2）含蓄虚拟without = but forwith（3）错综（混合）虚拟2.其他形式虚拟（1）wish / wished①过去式主 ②would/could + do③had done / would/could + have done （2）as if / as though①过去式主 ②would/could + do③had done / would/could + have done （3）if only①过去式主②would/could + do③had done / would/could + have done（4）would rather = ’d rather 主①过去式②had done /would/could + have donewould rather do / not do(5)用表示建议、命令、要求等词引导的名词性从句中that + 主语+（should）do+（should）be done两步解题方法：①圈出标志词（表建议、命令、要求的词）②选出动词原形suggest/-ed/-ion propose/-d/-sal order/-ed ask/-ed require/-d/-ment request/-eddesire/-d/-rable demand/-ed command/-edinsist/-ed/-ent/-ence recommend/-ed/-ation move/motion urge/-ent direct/-edadvise/-ce/-able important vitalessential necessary imperative（6）It's/was + timehigh time+that +主+ didabout time（7）lest (that)for fear that+主语+ should + do(in case)in case 主+ do/dose主+ should do（8）跳层虚拟真实，otherwise / or + 虚拟虚拟，but + 真实真实—过去时/ must have done虚拟—would / could + have done3.情态动词+ have donemust + have donecan / could + have donemay / might + have doneshould / ought to + have doneshouldn't / oughtn't to + have doneneedn't + have donemust: 表命令“必须”表推测“一定”need: 情态动词“必要”+ do实义动词“需要”+ to doneed doing = need to be done虚拟语气真题14年51.It is essential that he ________ all the facts first.A.is examiningB.will examineC.examinesD.examine55.Which of the following sentences indicatesPOSSIBILITY?A.The moon cannot always be at the full.B.You cannot smoke inside the building.C.He cannot come today.D.She cannot play the piano.13年54.Which of the following sentences contains subjunctive mood?A.Lucy insisted that her son get home before 5 o’clock?B.She used to drive to work, but now she takes the city metro.C.Walk straight ahead, and don't turn till the second traffic lights.D.Paul will cancel his flight if he cannot get his visa by Friday.63.If it ____ tomorrow, the match would be put off.A.were to rainB.was to rainC.was rainingD.had rained12年54.My boss ordered that the legal documents ____ to him before lunch.A.be sentB.were sentC.were to be sentD.must be sent11年61.It's getting late. I'd rather you _______ now.A.will leaveB. are leavingC.leaveD.left10年52.Nancy's gone to work but her car's still there. She __________ by bus.A.must have goneB.should have goneC.ought to have goneD.could have gone60.It is necessary that he ___ the assignment without delay.A.hand inB.hands inC.must hand inD.has to hand in09年52.If there were no subjunctive mood, English _____ much easier to learn.A.could have beenB.would beC.will beD.would have been53.She ____ fifty or so when I first met her at a conference.A.had beenB.must beC.has beenD.must have been61.Aren’t you tired? I ___ you had done enough for today.A.should have thoughtB. must have thoughtC.might have thoughtD. could have thought08年52.Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she ____ much better results now.A.would be gettingB.could have gotC.must getD.would get65.Which of the following sentences expresses "probability"?A.You must leave immediately.B.You must be feeling rather tired.C.You must be here by eight o'clock.D.You must complete the reading assignment on time.07年54.If only the patient ______a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now.[A]had received[B]received[C]should receive[D]were receiving60.He would have finished his college education, but he _______to quit and find a job to support his family.[A]had had [B] has [C] had [D] would have65.It is absolutely essential that William ________his study in spite of some learning difficulties.[A]will continue[B]continued[C]continue[D]continues06年52.If only I ____._____ play the guitar as well as you!［A］would ［B］could［C］should ［D］might54.It’s high time we __________ cutting down the rainforests.［A］stopped ［B］had to stop［C］shall stop ［D］stop59.It is imperative that the government _______ more investment into the shipbuilding industry.［A］attracts ［B］shall attract［C］attract ［D］has to attract05年51.If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he ________ able to advise you much better than I can.[A]would be[B]will have been[C]was[D]were60.That was not the first time he ________ us. I think it’s high time we ________ strong actions against him.[A]betrayed…take[B]had betrayed…took[C]has betrayed…took[D]has betrayed…take63.__ you ____ further problems with your printer,contact your dealer for advice.[A]If, had[B]Have, had[C]Should, have[D]In case, had04年46.It is imperative that students ______ their term papers on time.[A]hand in[B]would hand in[C]have to hand in[D]handed in02年50._______ for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.[A]Had it not been[B]Hadn’t it been[C]Was it not[D]Were it not51.“What courses are you going to do next semester?”“I don’t know. But it’s about time ___on something.”[A]I’d decide[B]I decided[C]I decide[D]I’m deciding00年48.You _______ Jim anything about it. It was none of his business.[A]needn’t have told[B]needn’t tell[C]mustn’t have told[D]mustn’t tell49.All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there ______ quite such a crowd of people there.[A]weren’t[B]hasn’t been[C]hadn’t been[D]wouldn’t be参考答案：D A A A A D A A B D A D B A C C B A C A B C A A B A C时态、语态时态、语态常考时态、语态1.现在完成进行时have/has been doing（1）表示一个动作发生在过去，一直延续下去（2）现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别①现在完成时表动作已经完成；现在完成进行时表动作还在继续②现在完成时表动作已经一次性完成；现在完成进行时表动作反复发生③如果动作表示状态，应用现在完成时2.进行时be + doing①表示正在进行的动作②即将发生的动作③与always, for ever, constantly，continually等adv连用,表示说话人的某种情绪How can I ever concentrate if you _C__ continually ___ me with silly questions?A.have, interruptedB.had, interruptedC.are, interruptingD.were, interrupting3.表示将来的一般现在时①在时间状从和条件状从中②表计划好、安排好的事情be to do时态、语态真题练习13年58.All the following sentences definitely indicate future time EXCEPTA.Mother is to have tea with Aunt Betty at four.B.The President is coming to the UN next week,C.The school pupils will be home by now.D.He is going to email me the necessary information.07年55.Linda was _____the experiment a month ago, but she changed her mind at the last minute.[A]to start[B]to have started[C]to be starting[D]to have been starting58.The committee has anticipated the problems that ________in the road construction project.[A]arise[B]will arise[C]arose[D]have arisen59.The student said there were a few points in the essay he _______impossible to comprehend.[A]had found [B] finds[C]has found [D] would find05年54.J ames has just arrived, but I didn’t know he _________ until yesterday.[A]will come[B]was coming[C]had been coming[D]came55._________ conscious of my moral obligations as a citizen.[A]I was and always will be[B]I have to be and always will be[C]I had been and always will be[D]I have been and always will be02年43.For some time now, world leaders _______ out the necessity for agreement on arms reduction.[A]had been pointing [B] have been pointing[C]were pointing[D]pointed08年63.In his plays Shakespeare _____ his characters live through their language.A.would makeB.had madeC.madeD.makes参考答案：C B B A B D B D反意问句反意问句前肯，后否前否，后肯否定形式：no not never little few seldom scarcely hardly rarely祈使句祈使句否定，will you?祈使句肯定, won’t you?句子的主语是this, that, these, those时，反意问句的主语为it, theyThis is a book, ______?复合句中的反意问句，有两种情况：①反意问句的主语应与主句主语一致Mary said her son would come, ___________?②主句的主语是I/We，谓语是think/believe/suppose时，反意问句主语应与从句主语一致I don’t think he’ll come, ________?there be结构的反意问句，反意问句主语用thereThere used to be…, didn’t there?There used to be…, usedn’t there?反意问句真题练习10年57.She seldom goes to the theatre, __________?A.doesn't sheB.does sheC.would sheD.wouldn't she08年58.When you have finished with that book, don't forget to put it back on my desk, ____?A.do youB.don't youC.will youD.won't young与11年54题考一样06年65.There used to be petrol station near the park,______ ?［A］didn’t it ［B］doesn’t there［C］usedn’t it ［D］didn’t there03年53.She would have been more agreeable if she had changed a little bit, ____?[A]hadn’t she[B]hasn’t she[C]woul dn’t she[D] didn’t she00年44.Do help yourself to some fruit, ______ you?[A]can’t[B]don’t[C]wouldn’t[D]won’t参考答案：B C D C D形容词、副词adj / adv比较结构倍数表达法：基数词+timesonce twice three times分数表达法：分子用基数，分母用序数；分子大于1，分母+S2/3 two-thirds倍数在句中的应用※主+谓+倍数/分数+as + adj + as※主+谓+倍数/分数+the size (amount /length /price…) of※主+谓+倍数/分数+adj/adv比较级+than※increase/decrease by+倍数/分数具有比较意义的adj两个特点：（1）不能与more，-er连用（2）不能与than连用, 只能与to连用superior to inferior tosenior to junior toprior to = before sensitive tosecond to preferable to含有最高意义的adjabsolute unique round right wrong correct perfect outstanding结构：be + of + a + nbe + much + of + a + nbe + more + of + a + n + thanbe + as + much + of + a + n + asadj / adv 比较级、最高级用法一些特殊的比较结构①the more…, the more…“越…越”e.g. The harder you study, the more progress you’llmake.②(not) so/as…as“如同…一样，不如…”e.g. It is not so/as good as it looks.③the same…as / the same as “和…一样”e.g. She looks just the same as before.I got the same feeling as you did.④no more A than BA not…any more than B“正如A不能…B也不能”；“和…一样不”A fool can no more see his own folly than he can see his ears.no less…than “不比…差”⑤not A so much as Bnot so much A as Bnot more …A than B“与其说A不如说B”；“是B，而不是A”He is not so much a writer as a reporter.形容词、副词真题练习14年62.Which of the following italicized parts modifies anadverb?A.I rather like my teacher.B.That was a very funny film.C.Do it right now.D.We walked about 6 miles.11年56.Which of the following italicized phrases is INCORRECT?A.The city is now ten times its original size.B.I wish I had two times his strength.C.The seller asked for double the usual price.D.They come here four times every year.09年55.A new laptop costs about _____ of a second-hand one.A.the price of three timesB.three times the priceC.as much as the three times priceD.three times more than the price08年64.The square itself is five hundred yards wide, five times ____ the size of St. Peter's in Rome.A./B.that ofC.which isD.of07年51.There are as good fish in the sea _____ever came out of it.[A]than [B] like [C] as[D]so57.It is not ______much the language as the background that makes the book difficult to understand.[A]that [B] as [C] so [D]very11年57题、99年45题考的一样62.Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race. Yet it is probably ________a threat to the human race than environmental destruction.[A]no more[B]not more[C]even more[D]much more06年64.It was __________ we had hoped.［A］more a success than［B］a success more than［C］as much of a success as［D］ a success as much as05年59.Do you know Tim’s brother? He is ____ than Tim.[A]much more sportsman[B]more of a sportsman[C]more of sportsman[D]more a sportsman04年41.That trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn’t bothered by his l oudness ________ by his lack of talent.[A]so much as[B]rather than[C]as[D]than01年48.He was ______to tell the truth even to his closest friend.[A]too much of a coward[B]too much the coward[C]a coward enough[D]enough of a coward参考答案：C B B A C C B C B A A非谓语to do / not to do 非谓语 doing / not doingdone形式（时态、语态）注意：①to do 一般式表示动作与主句的谓语动作同时发生。

英语专四语法之定语从句

英语专四语法之定语从句定语从句是英语语法中的一种重要结构，常常用于修饰句子中的名词或代词，使其更加具体和明确。

下面将介绍英语专四考试中常见的定语从句类型和用法。

1. 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词包括who, whom, whose, that和which。

它们在定语从句中的作用是代替先行词，并引导一个修饰先行词的从句。

例如： - The man who is standing over there is my father.- The book which I borrowed from the library is due tomorrow.- The car that he drives is very expensive.- The woman whose daughter is in my class is a doctor.2. 关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词包括when, where和why。

它们在定语从句中的作用是引导一个修饰先行词的从句。

例如：- The day when we met was sunny.- The place where we had dinner was very crowded.- The reason why he left the company is still unknown.3. 用于表示数量或序数的定语从句在表示数量或序数的句子中，常常使用定语从句来进一步说明先行词。

例如：- The first person who finishes the race will receive aprize.- The only thing that she wants for her birthday is a new guitar.- The number of students who attended the lecture was more than expected.以上是英语专四语法中关于定语从句的介绍，考生在备考过程中需要多加练习，尤其是在理解和使用不同类型的引导词上。

英语从句大全 Ppt

• 试比较： • I will never forget the days that/which I spent in Beijing University. (本句days 作spend 的宾语，故用关系代词that / which ) • I have never been to Beijing, but it’s the place that I most want to visit. (place 作visit 的宾语。)
• 如： • 1）We heard the news that he had won the game. 我们听到消息他赢得了比赛。试比较： • 2）We heard the news that he had told her. 我们听到他对她说的消息。（定语从句） • 例2中的that从句的作用相当于一个形容词，其作用是修饰the news；例1中的that从句的作用相当于一个名词，是对the news的进一步说明。 • 有时如果主句的谓语动词较短，为保持句子平衡，避免头重脚轻，同位语从句也常与要说明的名词分开。例如： Word came that he died yesterday. 消息传来说他昨天死了。
英语从句专四考点归纳
从句定义
• 所谓从句是指从属于主句的句子，由从属连词连接。由主句和从句构成的复合句，是英语中比较复杂的句子结构。从句的种类有很多，但根据其性质和作用可以分为：名词性从句，形容词性从句（即定语从句），副词性从句（即状语从句）三大类。从句构成与用法的考查要点很多，历来是专业四级英语考试试题的热点与焦点，专业四级英语考试几乎每年都涉及到对名词性从句、定语从句以及状语从句的考查，常将并列连接词、从属连词、关系代词、关系副词放在同一题干中进行考查，故意设置干扰项，增加试题难度，以考查考生分析交际语境、理解句子之间的逻辑关系的能力。

专四英语语法考点分析解析

语法考点之一：虚拟语气考点1. If从句中的虚拟语气1、与过去事实相反：从句sb had done，主句sb would(should, could, might)+ have done；2、省略if，从句的语序用到装，即将were, had或should移至主语的前面，但否定词not不前移。

3、与将来事实相反：从句sb did (should+do或were+to do)，主句sb would (should, could, might)+do。

4、错综条件句：主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段。

比如：从句对过去虚拟，而主句对现在虚拟，即从句sb had done，主句sb would(should, could, might)+do；考点2：表示建议、要求、命令等动词如insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, ask, require, request, demand引导的从句和it引导的相应的分词、名词和形容词从句，谓语用（should)+动词原形。

考点3：It is +advisable, essential, important, imperative, incredible等从句，谓语用（should）+动词原形。

考点4：it is (high/about) time that的结构中，从句使用一般过去式。

例如:考点5：much as"尽管，虽然"引导让步状语从句，从句中用would have done表示假设。

考点6：if only, wish, as if/as though引导从句，与过去事实相反：had + done；与现在事实相反：动词过去式；与将来事实相反：could/would + do考点7：would rather/sooner从句中使用一般过去式或过去完成式分别表示对现在或过去的虚拟考点8：lest / for fear that+(should ) +原形动词。

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1.让步状语从句
让步状语从句：除了2000，2007年没考，其他年份都考过（1）由though, although, even if / though引导的状语从句
（2）as引导的让步状语从句 as引导的让步状语从句 (3) while 引导的让步状语从句（4) no matter how/ what / when / where, however, whatever 引导的让步状语从句 (5）特殊让步状语从句 (5）特殊让步状语从句
You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting provided you don’t mind taking the night train. Assuming he is diligent in his studies at ordinary times, he is sure to pass the test. In the event that she has not been informed, I will tell her. (如果……) You can go swimming on condition that you don’t go too far from the river bank. (如果……) Suppose it rained, we would still go. (假如……) Say it were true, what would you do about it? (假如……)
9. _____ I sympathize, I can’t really do very much to help them out As long as B. As C. While D. Even [C] 10. Fool _____ Jerry is, he could not have done such a thing. (10, 55) A. who B. as C. like D. that [B]
2.条件状语从句引导词除if外，还有unless, provided / providing (that), so / as long as, on condition that, suppose / supposing (that), in the event that, whether or not 可表示选择条件句。
2. If not _____ with the respect he feels due to him, Jack gets very ill-tempered and grumbles illall the time. (04, 55) A. being treated B. treated C. be treated D. having been treated [B]
（2）Hardly / Scarcely ... when; No sooner … than 引导的时间状语从句（3）the minute / moment /day, the first / second / last time, each / every / next time （4) since “自从”，从句用非延续动词，主句完成自从” 时态 (5)副词directly, immediately, instantly, now引导时间从句, 相当于as soon as。如: The policemen went into action directly they heard the alarm.
真题讲解
1. He asked me to lend him some money, which I agreed to do, _____ that he paid me back the following week. (05, 64) A. on occasion B. on purpose C. on condition D. only if [C]
3. _____ both sides accept the agreement _____ a lasting peace be established in this region. (04, 60) A. Only if, will B. If only, would C. Should, will D. Unless, would [A] 4. _____ that the demand for gasoline continues to rise at the current rate, it will not be long before its price rockets to a terribly high level. (04, 64) A. Ascertaining B. Assuming C. Concerning D. Regarding [B]
11. _____ he needed money for a few car, he decided not to borrow it from the bank. (98, 48) A. Much as B. Much though C. As much D. Though much [A] 12. _____, he always tries his best to complete it on time. (99, 51) A. However the task is hard B. However hard the task is C. Though hard the task is D. Though hard is the task [B]
7. _____ I like economics, I like sociology much better. (03, 59) A. As much as B. So much C. How much D. Much as [D] 8. Fool _____ Jane is, she could not have done such a thing. (02, 58) A. who B. as C. that D. like [B]
从句的省略。当条件状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，并且从句谓语含有be时，可以将从句主语一致，并且从句谓语含有be时，可以将从句主语和be一起省略。这被称为带连词的无动词状语从 be一起省略。句。
如： Although (he is) very young, he works as hard as an adult. The child is never peevish unless (he is) sick.
真题举例 1. The couple had no sooner got to the station _____ the coach left. (09, 60) A. when B. as C. until D. than [D] 2. I enjoyed myself so much _____ I visited my friends in Paris last year. (08, 56) A. when B. which C. that D. where [A]
3. _____ dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful top executive. (06, 51) A. Although B. Whatever C. As D. However [D] 4. _____, Mr. Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class.(05, 52) A. Although he is a socialist B. Even if he is a socialist C. Being a socialist D. Since he is a socialist [A]
13. Much as _____, I couldn’t lend him the money because I simply didn’t have that much spare cash. (99,52) A. I would have liked to B. I would like to have C. I should have to like D. I should have liked to [A] 14. _____, he is ready to accept suggestions from different sources.(97, 46) A. Instead of his contributions B. For all his notable contributions contributions C. His making notable contributions D. However his notable contributions [B] [B]
真题讲解
1. _____ the boss says, it is unreasonable to ask me to work overtime without pay. (09, 54) A. Whatever B. Whenever C. Whichever D. However [A] 2. _____ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his assignment. (08, 55) A. Much enough B. Much as C. As much D. Though much [B]
5. This is an illness that can result in total blindness ___ left untreated. (00, 42) A. after B. if C. since D. unless [B] [B]