2016年公共英语四级阅读理解精讲练习题
公共英语四级阅读考试题及答案
公共英语四级阅读考试题及答案2016年公共英语四级阅读考试题及答案Hawaii's native minority is demanding a greater degree of sovereignty over its own affairs. But much of the archipelago's political establishment, which includes the White Americans who dominated until the second world war and people of Japanese, Chinese and Filipino origins, is opposed to the idea.The islands were annexed by the US in 1898 and since then Hawaii's native peoples have fared worse than any of its other ethnic groups. They make up over 60 percent of the state's homeless, suffer higher levels of unemployment and their life span is five years less than the average Hawaiians. They are the only major US native group without some degree of autonomy.But a sovereignty advisory committee set up by Hawaii's first native governor, Joahn Waihee, has given the natives' cause a major boost by recommending that the Hawaiian natives decide by themselves whether to reestablish a sovereign Hawaiian nation.However, the Hawaiian natives are not united in their demands. Some just want greater autonomy within the state -- as enjoyed by many American Indian natives over matters such as education. This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA), a state agency set up in 1978 to represent the natives' interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement. More ambitious is the Ka Lahui group, which declared itself a new nation in 1987 and wants full, official independence from the US.But if Hawaiian natives are given greater autonomy, it is far from clear how many people this will apply to. The stateauthorities only count as native those people with more than 50 percent Hawaiian blood.Native demands are not just based on political grievances, though. They also want their claim on 660,000 hectares of Hawaiian crown land to be accepted. It is on this issue that native groups are facing most opposition from the state authorities. In 1933, the state government paid the OHA US 136 million in back rent on the crown land and many officials say that by accepting this payment the agency has given up its claims to legally own the land. The OHA has vigorously disputed this.1. Hawaii's native minority refers to _________________.A. Hawaii's ethnic groupsB. people of Filipino originC. the Ka Lahui groupD. people with more than 50% Hawaiian blood2. Which of the following statements is true of the Hawaiian natives?A. Sixty percent of them are homeless or unemployed.B. their life span is 5 years shorter than average Americans.C. Their life is worse than that of other ethnic groups in Hawaii.D. They are the only native group without sovereignty.3. Which of the following is NOT true of John Waihee?A. He is Hawaii's first native governor.B. He has set up a sovereignty advisory committee.C. He suggested the native people decide for themselves.D. He is leading the local independence movement.4. Which of the following groups holds a less radical attitude on the matter of sovereignty?A. American Indian natives.B. Office of Hawaiian Affairs.C. The Ka Lahui group.D. The Hawaiian natives.5. Various native Hawaiians demand all the following EXCEPT ____________.A. a greater autonomy within the stateB. more back rent on the crown landC. a claim on the Hawaiian crown landD. full independence from the US【参考答案】CDABD【2016年公共英语四级阅读考试题及答案】。
6月英语四级阅读理解真题及答案「卷三」
6月英语四级阅读理解真题及答案「卷三」2016年6月英语四级阅读理解真题及答案「卷三」英语四级阅读理解分为词汇理解、长篇阅读、仔细阅读三种题型。
下面是店铺整理的2016年6月英语四级阅读理解真题，欢迎阅读!Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Contrary to popular belief, older people generally do not want to live with their children. Moreover, most adult children __26__ every bit as much care and support to their aging parents as was the case in the "good old days", and most older people do not feel __27__ .About 80% of people 65 years and older have living children, and about 90% of them have __28__ contact with their children. About 75% of elderly parents who don't go to nursing homes live within 30 minutes of at least one of their children.However, __29__ having contact with children does not guarantee happiness in old age. In fact, some research has found that people who are most involved with their families have the lowest spirits. This research may be __30__ , however, as ill health often makes older people more __31__ and thereby increasescontact with family members. So it is more likely that poor health, not just family involvement, __32__ spirits.Increasingly, researchers have begun to look at the quality of relationships, rather than at the frequency of contact, between the elderly and their children. If parents and children share interests and values and agree on childrearing practices and religious __33__ , they are likely to enjoy each other's company. Disagreements on such matters can __34__ cause problems. If parents are angered by their daughter's divorce, dislike her new husband, and disapprove of how she is raising their grandchildren, __35__ are that they are not going to enjoy her visits.A.abandonedB.advancedC.biasedD.chancesmitmentF.dampensG.dependentH.distantI.frequentJ.fulfillmentK.grantL.merelyM.provideN.understandablyO.unrealistically Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Could Food Shortages Bring Down Civilization?[A] For many years I have studied global agricultural, population, environmental and economic trends and their interactions. The combined effects of those trends and the political tensions they generate point to the breakdown of governments and societies. Yet I, too, have resisted the idea that food shortages could bring down not only individualgovernments but also our global civilization.[B] I can no longer ignore that risk. Our continuing failure to deal with the environmental declines that are undermining the world food economy forces me to conclude that such a collapse is possible.[C] As demand for food rises faster than supplies are growing, the resulting food-price inflation puts severe stress on the governments of many countries. Unable to buy grain or grow their own, hungry people take to the streets. Indeed, even before the steep climb in grain prices in 2008, the number of failing states was expanding. If the food situation continues to worsen, entire nations will break down at an ever increasing rate. In the 20th century the main threat to international security was superpower conflict; today it is failing states.[D] States fail when national governments can no longer provide personal security, food security and basic social services such as education and health care. When governments lose their control on power, law and order begin to disintegrate. After a point, countries can become so dangerous that food relief workers are no longer safe and their programs are halted. Failing states are of international concern because they are a source of terrorists, drugs, weapons and refugees (难民), threatening political stability everywhere.[E] The surge in world grain prices in 2007 and 2008—and the threat they pose to food security—has a different, more troubling quality than the increases of the past. During the second half of the 20th century, grain prices rose dramatically several times. In 1972, for instance, the Soviets, recognizing their poor harvest early, quietly cornered the world wheat market. As a result, wheat prices elsewhere more than doubled, pulling riceand corn prices up with them. But this and other price shocks were event-driven—drought in the Soviet Union, crop-shrinking heat in the U.S. Corn Belt. And the rises were short-lived: prices typically returned to normal with the next harvest.[F] In contrast, the recent surge in world grain prices is trend-driven, making it unlikely to reverse without a reversal in the trends themselves. On the demand side, those trends include the ongoing addition of more than 70 million people a year, a growing number of people wanting to move up the food chain to consume highly grain-intensive meat products, and the massive diversion (转向) of U.S. grain to the production of bio-fuel.[G] As incomes rise among low-income consumers, the potential for further grain consumption is huge. But that potential pales beside the never-ending demand for crop-based fuels. A fourth of this year's U.S. grain harvest will go to fuel cars.[H] What about supply? The three environmental trends—the shortage of fresh water, the loss of topsoil and the rising temperatures—are making it increasingly hard to expand the world's grain supply fast enough to keep up with demand. Of all those trends, however, the spread of water shortages poses the most immediate threat. The biggest challenge here is irrigation, which consumes 70% of the world's fresh water. Millions of irrigation wells in many countries are now pumping water out of underground sources faster than rainfall can refill them. The result is falling water tables (地下水位) in countries with half the world's people, including the three big grain producers—China, India and the U.S.[I] As water tables have fallen and irrigation wells have gone dry, China's wheat crop, the world's largest, has declined by 8%since it peaked at 123 million tons in 1997. But water shortages are even more worrying in India. Millions of irrigation wells have significantly lowered water tables in almost every state.[J] As the world's food security falls to pieces, individual countries acting in their own self-interest are actually worsening the troubles of many. The trend began in 2007, when leading wheat-exporting countries such as Russia and Argentina limited or banned their exports, in hopes of increasing local food supplies and thereby bringing down domestic food prices. Vietnam banned its exports for several months for the same reason. Such moves may eliminate the fears of those living in the exporting countries, but they are creating panic in importing countries that must rely on what is then left for export.[K] In response to those restrictions, grain-importing countries are trying to nail down long-term trade agreements that would lock up future grain supplies. Food-import anxiety is even leading to new efforts by food-importing countries to buy or lease farmland in other countries. In spite of such temporary measures, soaring food prices and spreading hunger in many other countries are beginning to break down the social order.[L] Since the current world food shortage is trend-driven, the environmental trends that cause it must be reversed. We must cut carbon emissions by 80% from their 2006 levels by 2020, stabilize the world's population at eight billion by 2040, completely remove poverty, and restore forests and soils. There is nothing new about the four objectives. Indeed, we have made substantial progress in some parts of the world on at least one of these—the distribution of family-planning services and the associated shift to smaller families.[M] For many in the development community, the fourobjectives were seen as positive, promoting development as long as they did not cost too much. Others saw them as politically correct and morally appropriate. Now a third and far more significant motivation presents itself: meeting these goals may be necessary to prevent the collapse of our civilization. Yet the cost we project for saving civilization would amount to less than $200 billion a year, 1/6 of current global military spending. In effect, our plan is the new security budget.36. The more recent steep climb in grain prices partly results from the fact that more and more people want to consume meat products.37. Social order is breaking down in many countries because of food shortages.38. Rather than superpower conflict, countries unable to cope with food shortages now constitute the main threat to world security.39. Some parts of the world have seen successful implementation of family planning.40. The author has come to agree that food shortages could ultimately lead to the collapse of world civilization.41. Increasing water shortages prove to be the biggest obstacle to boosting the world's grain production.42. The cost for saving our civilization would be considerably less than the world’s current military spending.43. To lower domestic food prices, some countries limited or stopped their grain exports.44. Environmental problems must be solved to ease the current global food shortage.45. A quarter of this year's American grain harvest will be used to produce bio-fuel for cars.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time，you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for the second time，you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally，when the passage is read for the third time，you should check what you have written.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Declining mental function is often seen as a problem of old age, but certain aspects of brain function actually begin their decline in young adulthood, a new study suggests.The study, which followed more than 2,000 healthy adults between the ages of 18 and 60, found that certain mental functions—including measures of abstract reasoning, mental speed and puzzle-solving—started to dull as early as age 27.Dips in memory, meanwhile, generally became apparent around age 37.On the other hand, indicators of a person's accumulated knowledge—like performance on tests of vocabulary and general knowledge—kept improving with age, according to findings published in the journal Neurobiology of Aging.The results do not mean that young adults need to start worrying about their memories. Most people's minds function at a high level even in their later years, according to researcher Timothy Salthouse."These patterns suggest that some types of mental flexibility decrease relatively early in adulthood, but that the amount of knowledge one has, and the effectiveness of integrating it with one's abilities, may increase throughout all of adulthood if thereare no diseases," Salthouse said in a news release.The study included healthy, educated adults who took standard tests of memory, reasoning and perception at the outset and at some point over the next seven years.The tests are designed to detect subtle (细微的) changes in mental function, and involve solving puzzles, recalling words and details from stories, and identifying patterns in collections of letters and symbols.In general, Salthouse and his colleagues found, certain aspects of cognition (认知能力) generally started to decline in the late 20s to 30s.The findings shed light on normal age-related changes in mental function, which could aid in understanding the process of dementia (痴呆), according to the researchers."By following individuals over time," Salthouse said, "we gain insight in cognition changes, and may possibly discover ways to slow the rate of decline."The researchers are currently analyzing the study participants' health and lifestyle to see which factors might influence age-related cognitive changes.下载文档。
2016年12月英语四级考试阅读理解练习题
2016年12⽉英语四级考试阅读理解练习题 阅读理解其实主要考的是"阅读"之后的'"理解"。
任何⼀篇⽂章，若要能看懂它，⾄少需要两个条件：认识单词和看明⽩句⼦。
下⾯是yjbys⽹店铺提供给⼤家关于英语四级考试阅读理解练习题，希望对同学们的备考有所帮助。
"Culture shock"occurs as result of total immersion in a new culture. It happens to"people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad."Newcomers may be anxious because they do not speak the language, know the customs, or understand people's behavior in daily life. The visitor finds that"yes"may not always mean"yes", that friendliness does not necessarily mean friendship, or that statements that appear to be serious are really intended as jokes. The foreigner may be unsure as to when to shake hands, when to start conversations, or how to approach a stranger. The notion of"culture shock" helps explain feelings of bewilderment and disorientation. Language problems do not account for all the frustrations that people feel. When one is deprived of everything that was once familiar, such as understanding a transportation system, knowing how to register for university classes, or knowing how to make friends, difficulties in coping whth the new society may arise. "... when an individual enters a strange culture, he or she is like fish out of water."Newcomers feel at times that they do not belong to and feel alienated from the native members of the culture. When this happens visitors may want to reject everything about the new environment and may glorify and exaggerate the positive aspects of their own culture. Conversely visitors may scorn their native country by rejecting its values and instead choosing to identify with (if only temporatily) the value of the new country. This may occur as an attempt to over-identify with the new culture in order to be accepted by the people in it. 1. The expression "he or she is like fish out of water"suggests ________. a. people away from their cultures can hardly survive in a new culture b. a fish can not survive without water c. people away from their culture experience mental isolation d. people away from their culture have difficulties in new environment 2. In order to identify with the new environment, some people may ________. a. give an exaggerated picture of their own country b. criticize the positive aspects of their own county c. abandon their original beliefs d. accept a temporary set of values 3. Which of the following statements is true according to the author? a. Perplexity results in culture shock. b. A typical symptom of cultur shock is confusion. c. Culture shock is the explanation of anxiety. d. Culture shock happens to foreign students only. 4. Newcomer may worry about ________. a. their ignorance of the alien customs b. their knowledge of "Yes" in the native language c. their understanding of friendship d. their control of their behavior 5. When the foreign visitor is immersed in new problems he finds hard to cope whith, he is most likely to feel ________. a. uninsured b. deprived c. alienated d. baffled 答案：cdadb【2016年12⽉英语四级考试阅读理解练习题】。
2016年大学英语四级阅读理解练习题及答案解析（4）
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage. The motor vehicle has killed and disabled more people in its brief history than any bomb or weapon ever invented. Much of the blood on the street flows essentially from uncivil behavior of drivers who refuse to respect the legal and moral rights of others. So the massacre on the road may be regarded as a social problem. In fact, the enemies of society on wheels are rather harmless people or ordinary people acting carelessly, you might say. But it is a principle both of law and common morality that carelessness is no excuse when one's actions could bring death or damage to others. A minority of the killers go even beyond carelessness to total negligence. Researchers have estimated that as many as 80 per cent of all automobile accidents can be attributed to the psychological condition of the driver. Emotional upsets can distort drivers' reactions, slow their judgment, and blind them to dangers that might otherwise be evident. The experts warn that it is vital for every driver to make a conscious effort to keep one's emotions under control. Yet the irresponsibility that accounts for much of the problem is not confined to drivers. Street walkers regularly violate traffic regulations; they are at fault in most vehicle walker accidents. And many cyclists even believe that they are not subject to the basic rules of the road. Significant legal advances have been made towards safer driving in the past few years. Safety standards for vehicle have been raised both at the point of manufacture and through periodic road-worthiness inspections. In addition, speed limits have been lowered. Due to these measures, the accident rate has decreased. But the accident experts still worry because there has been little or no improvement in the way drivers behave. The only real and lasting solution, say the experts, is to convince people that driving is a skilled task requiring constant care and concentration. Those who fail to do all these things pose a threat to those with whom they share the road. 62. The word “massacre” in line 3 paragraph one means _____ A) mass-killing. B) disaster. C) tragedy. D) accident. 63. What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage? A) To show that the motor vehicle is a very dangerous invention. B) To promote understanding between careless drivers and street walkers. C) To discuss traffic problems and propose possible solutions. D) To warn drivers of the importance of safe driving. 64. According to the passage, traffic accidents may be regarded as a social problem because _____. A) autos have become most destructive to mankind B) people usually pay little attention to law and morality C) civilization brings much harm to people D) the lack of virtue is becoming more severe 65. Why does the author mention the psychological condition of the driver in Paragraph Three? A) To give an example of the various reasons for road accidents. B) To show how important it is for drivers to be emotionally healthy. C) To show some of the inaccurate estimations by researchers. D) To illustrate the hidden tensions in the course of driving. 66. Who are NOT mentioned as being responsible for the road accidents? A) Careless bicycle-riders. B) Mindless people walking in the street. C) Irresponsible drivers. D) Irresponsible manufactures of automobiles. 参考答案：ACBBD。
2016英语四级仔细阅读练习及答案解析（3）
Section C Directions：There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage isfollowed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each ofthem there are four choices marked A.，B.，C.andD..You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 56 to 60 are based on thefollowingpassage. They say that sticks and stones may break your bones，but words will never hurt you.Yet childhood bullying really can damage your long-term health. Gone are the days when bullying was considered an inevitable and ultimately harmless part of growing up—iust last month we learned that childhood bullying can lead to poorer mental health even into middle age. Now William Copeland at Duke University in Durham，North Carolina，and his colleagues have shown that it can have lingering physiological effects too.They tracked 1420 9-year-olds right through their teens.Each child was seen up to nine times during the study and quizzed about bullying.The team then measured levels of C-reactive protein in their blood.CRP is a marker of inflammation(炎症)linked to higher risk of cardiovascular disease (⼼⾎管疾病)and problems like diabetes. “Because we were collecting biological samples throughout，we were able to look at CRP levels in subjects prior to their bullying involvement.”says Copeland.“This really gives us an idea of the changes bullying brings about.” Although CRP levels naturally rise in everyone during adolescence，levels were highest in children who reported being tormented by bullies.Even at the ages of 1 9 and 2 1，children who had once been bullied had CRP levels about 1.4 times higher than peers who were neither perpetrators nor victims.In a cruel twist，the bullies had the lowest levels ofall.suggesting they didn’t suffer the same health risks. They may even see a benefit from their behavior,though Copeland stresses it doesn’t vindicate(辩护)their actions.“The goal would instead be to find other ways to produce this protective effect without it being at someone else’s expense，”he says. Andrea Danese at King’s College London has previously shown that maltreatment during childhood can lead to higll levels of inflammation in adult life.“This new study is a helpful addition in showing that these effects extend to another important childhood stressor,”he says.He suggests that care workers could monitor levels of CRP in children having psychotherapy to see if it is helping to soothe the stress of being bullied. 56.What do you know about CRP? A.It is a symbol of the inflammation. B.It is a symbol of cardiovascular. C. It relates directly to diabetes. D.It is a symbol of physiological effects caused by bullying. 57.What does Copeland mean by saying“prior to their bullying involvement”(Line 2，Para.4)? A.Before the children bullied others. B.Before the children were bullied. C.In preference to the children’s bullying behavior. D.In preference to the children’s being bullied. 58.What can be learned from paragraph 5? A. The levels of CRP of the children being bullied are much higher than their peers. B. CRP levels naturally rise along with the increase of age. C.The bullies are not blamed for the health risks of the bullied. D. Copeland intends to defend the benefit of the bullies’actions. 59.What does Andrea Danese suggest about childhood maltreatment? A. It has nothing to do with inflammation in adult life. B.Copeland’s study shows nothing related to it. C.CRP is the marker of childhood abuse. D. It has an influence on Children’s CRP levels. 60.What is the main idea of this passage? A.Bullying is harmless to children’s growth. B.CRP levels reflect the risks of poorer health. C.Bullying does harm to a person all through his life. D.Children once bullied have higher CRP levels than peers who are not. 56.What do you know about CRP?关于CRP你知道些什么? A.It is a symbol ofthe inflammation.它是炎症的标志物。
2016年12月英语四级仔细阅读练习题及答案（3）
Women are also underrepresented in the administration and this is because there are so few women full professors. In 1985,Regent Beryl Milburn produced a report blasting the University of Texas System adminitration for not encouraging women.The University was rated among the lowest for the system.In a 1987 update ,Milburn commended the progress that was made and called for even more improvement. One of the positive results from her study was a System-wide program to inform women of available administrative jobs. College of Communication Associate Dean Patrica Witherspoon,said it is important that woman be flexible when it comesto relocating if they want to rise in the ranks. Although a woman may face a chilly climate on campus , many times in order for her to succeed , she must rise above the problems around her and concentrate on her work. Until women make up a greater percentage of the senior positions in the University and all academia,inequities will exist. "Women need to spend their energies and time doing scholarly activities that are important here at the University." Spirduso said. "If they do that will be successful in this system.If they spend their time in little groups mourning the sexual discrimination that they think exists here, they are wasting valuable study time." 1.According to Spirduso,women need to ____. a.produce a report on sexual discrimination b.call for further improvement in their working conditions c.spend their energies and time fighting against sexual discrimination d.spend more time and energy doing scholarly activities 2.From this passage ,we know that _____. a.there are many women full professors in the University of Texas b.women play an important part in adminitrating the University c.the weather on the campus is chilly d.women make up a small percentage of the senior positions in the University 3.Which of the following statements is true? a.the number of women professors in the University in 1987 was greater than that of 1985 b.the number of women professors in the University in 1987 was smaller than that of 1985 c.the number of women professors was the same as that of 1985 d.more and more women professors thought that sexual discrimination did exit in the University 4.One of the positive results from Milburn's study was that _____. a.women were told to con centrate on teir work b.women were given information about available administrative jobs c.women were encouraged to take on all the administrative jobs in the Unversity d.women were encouraged to do more scholarly activities 5. The title for this passage should be _______. a.The University of Texas burn's Report c.Women Professors d.Sexual Discrimination in Academia 答案：ddabd。
2016年全国英语等级考试四级阅读理解练习题
41. Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in [ A ] the use of machines to produce science fiction [ B ] the wide use Of machines in manufacturing industry [ C ] the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work [ D ] the elite cunning tackling of dangerous and boring work 42. The word “gizmos” ( Line 1, Paragraph 2 ) most probably means [ A ] programs [ B ] experts [ C ] devices [ D ] creatures 43. According to the text, what is beyond man’s ability now is to design a robot that can [ A ] fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery [ B ] interact with human beings verbally [ C ] have a little common sense [ D ] respond independently to a changing world 44. Besides reducing human labor, robots can also [ A ] make a few decisions for themselves [ B ] deal with some errors with human intervention [ C ] improve factory environments [ D ] cultivate human creativity 45. The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are [ A ] expected to copy human .brain in internal structure [ B ] able to perceive abnormalities immediately [ C ] far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information [ D ] best used in a controlled environment 46. Which of the following law is related to education? [ A ] The National Defense Education Act. [ B ] The Elementary and Secondary Education Act. [ C ] The Independence Act. [ D ] Both A and B. 47. How did the state control education? [ A ] By setting up certain standard and rules. [ B ] By requesting the children to go to schools until they are of certain age. [ C ] Either A or B. [ D ] Both A and B. 48. How did they preserve the freedom of the schools from political pressure? [ A ] By uniting all the schools into a union.。
2016年6月英语四级阅读理解题及答案
2016年6月英语四级阅读理解题及答案Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:The concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one.An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choices based upon current medical knowledge.个人选择的概念与健康行为的关系是一个重要的问题，如果个人能根据当前的医学知识做出个人健康选择，估计有百分之90的疾病是可以预防的。
We all enjoy our freedom of choice and do not like to see it restricted when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society.[ZZ)]The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may concern our health.If we so desire,we can smoke,drink excessively, refuse to wear seat belts,eat whatever foods we want,and live a completely sedentary life-style without any excuse.The freedom to make such personal decisions is a fundamental aspect of our society,although the wisdom of these decisions can be questioned.Personal choices relative to health often cause a difficulty.As one example,a teenager may know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but may be pressured by friends into believing it is the socially accepted thing to do. A multitude of factors,both inherited and environmental,influence the development of health related behaviors,and it is beyond the scope of this text to discuss all these factors as they may affect any given individual.However,the decision to adopt a particular health-related behavior is usually one of personal choices.我们都喜欢自由的选择，不喜欢看到它限制在法律和道德的社会界限，美国社会的结构允许我们做出几乎所有可能涉及我们健康的个人决定，如果我们愿意，我们可以吸烟、酗酒、不佩戴安全带、吃任何我们想要吃的食物和过着完全久坐不动的生活方式，尽管这些决定是否明智会被质疑。
2016年公共英语四级阅读理解精讲练习题
Reading comprehension能力要求：理解主旨要义;理解具体信息;推测生词含义;进行推理判断和引申;理解概念性含义;理解文章的结构、单句之间、段落之间的关系;理解作者意图、观点和态度;区分论点和论据;该部分有A、B两部分组成，A节：该节20题，考查考生阅读能力。
根据提供四篇文章的内容，从每题给出的四个选项中选出最佳答案。
B节：要求阅读一篇约400词的文章，将其中5个画线部分翻译成中文。
（一）A sixth grader settles downs to tackle her homework on a weekday afternoon in 2004. She is sitting on the bus with her laptop; logging on to the Internet to take a math-skills test in the school home page and get her own personalized assignment. She downloads the software she’ll need, seeks help from an online school librarian and emails the finished work to her teacher. Mom and dad check in from their office computer, comparing her scores with the class and the state averages.Homework in the future may not any less laborious, but it will certainly be more wired. And as more children gain access to computers and the Net—75%of teens and 47% of kids aged 2 to 12 are expected to be online by 2002—schools and technology companies are responding with unique assignment and high-tech homework help for parents and kids. On the menu: TAILOR-MADE ASSIGNMENTS. The most profound way homework will change is that instead of everybody heading home with the same lesson; each student will sit down to an individual assignment. The school server, or central computer, will maintain information on each student’s progress and dole out the appropriate work when the child checks the Web page.Keeping in touch. For students like high school junior Samantha Symonds of Pottstown, pa, the simple ease of getting assignments on line and turning in via emails is reason enough to take homework digital. Samantha, a competitive fencer, travels far from her school for tournament and boots up to stay on top of her assignment. Logging on in hotel rooms and airpor ts, she gets copies ofcourse lectures and lab assignments, emails her teacher when she is stumped and even takes tests on line. ―You can actually focus on what you need to know rather than tracking down someone to answer your questions,‖ Samantha says.Unlimited research. Kids are rapidly becoming experts at searching websites and CD-RoMS for research projects and wowing teachers with what they find. The most profound way homework will change is that instead of everybody heading home with the same lesson; each student will sit down to an individual assignment.Wiring the Have-Nots. As computers become the homework to tool of choice, educators worry about children who don’t have access to the technology. ―The kids who don’t have computers at home will be at such a fundamental disadvantage. It will be as if they don’t have a pen or paper,‖ says Ellyot Solovay, a professor at he university of Michigan. He’s just finished a study in which internet TVs were placed in the homes of a class of Detroit public-school students, and found it not only benefited the kids but boosted parental involvement as well.Yet wining kids over to become fans of homework may take more than high-tech help. Annette Bitter’s seventh–graders love doing research on the laptops they g ot through a Microsoft study. ―But of course there are always excuses‖ says Bitter, who keeps hearing a modern tale of woe. ―The computer ate my homework.‖1.How will assignments in 2004 be finished?A. Students will go to school and finish the school work assigned by teachers.B. Middle school teachers will require students to type our all their assignments.C. Different assignments will be given to students according ti their own will.D. Staying at home, students can get their assignments throu gh the Internet and email to their teachers after finishing them.2. According to the passage, laptop probably refers to ____.A. a small-sized portable computerB. a newly-invented TV setC. a kind of calculatorD. an old-fashioned private computer3.What does the author mean by saying ―it (homework) will certainly be more wired‖?A. More wires will be needed to finish homework.B. homework is going to be done by wiring the house.C. Students are expected to finish school work through the Internet.D. Teachers will inform students of homework by phoning.4.What kind of assignment will teachers give to students in 2004 according to the passage?A. Less laborious than today’s homework.B.Assignment given according to students’ differ ent conditions.C. Easy to complete with the help of online information.D. work that are most entertaining to the students.5.It is implied in the passage that _____A. information technology enables education to vary from person to person.B. assignment in 2004 will be more entertaining and less painingC. all students are going to be fans of homework in the future.D. traditional education is doomed to disappear解析1.D 考查对文章具体内容的的理解。
12月英语四级cet4阅读理解练习及答案
12月英语四级cet4阅读理解练习及答案2016年12月英语四级cet4阅读理解练习及答案转眼2016下半年英语四级考试即将来临，不少同学也正在准备2016下半年英语四级考试，以下是yjbys网店铺整理的关于英语四级cet4阅读理解练习及答案，供大家备考。
Questions 46-55 are based on the following passage.A)Last July, Julie Baldocchi's mother had a massive stroke and was paralyzed. Baldocchi suddenly had tobecome a family caregiver, something that she wasn't prepared for. "I was flying by the seat of my pants," saysBaldocchi, an employment specialist in San Francisco. Both of her parents are 83, and she knew her fathercouldn't handle her mother's care. The hospital recommended putting her mother in a nursing home. Baldocchiwasn't willing to do that. But moving her back into her parents' home created other problems. Baldocchi,48, ismarried and lives about a mile away from her parents. She has a full-time job and has back problems thatmake it difficult for her to lift her mother. "I couldn't do it all," she says. "But I didn't even know how to findhelp."B)With help from the Family Caregiver Alliance, she eventually hired a live-in caregiver. "But even if you planintellectually and legally, you're never ready for the emotional impact," Baldocchi says. In the first two monthsafter her mother's stroke, she lost about 30 pounds as stress mounted. More than 42 million Americans providefamily caregiving for an adult who needs help with daily activities, according to a 2009 survey by the AARP.An additional 61.6 million provided at least some care during the year. And many are unprepared.C)While many parents lack an advance care directive, it's themost basic and important step they can take. Thedirective includes several parts, including: a durable power of attorney, which gives someone legal authority tomake financial decisions on another's behalf; a health care proxy, which is similar to the power of attorney,except it allows someone to make decisions regarding medical treatment; and a living will that outlinesinstructions for end-of-life care. (For example, parents can say if they want to be kept alive by artificialmeasures.) "It's invaluable for the kids, because it's hard to make those decisions for a parent," says JenniferCona, an elder-law attorney at Genser Dubow Genser & Cona in Melville, N.Y. An advance care directive isthe first line of defense if a situation arises, says Kathleen Kelly, executive director of the Family CaregiverAlliance, which supports and educates caregivers. Without an advance directive, the family will have topetition the court to be appointed the parent's legal guardian, says .D)It's important for families to talk about long-term care so the adult children know their parents' preferences,wishes and goals, says Lynn Feinberg, a caregiving expert at AARP. But ifs not an easy conversation. Elderlyparents are sometimes suspicious of their children's financial motives, says Susan John, a financial planner atFinancial Focus in Wolfeboro, N.H. One client asked John to hold a family meeting because they needed anintermediary to talk about financial issues, she says. And when there are many siblings, the family decisionscan become a three-ring circus with much acrimony, says Ann-Margaret Carrozza, an elder-law attomey inGlen Cove, N.Y. Families who need information and help sorting out disagreements can call on elder-lawattorneys, financial planners, geriatric care managers and caregiver support groups. In February, AARP said itwill offerits members a new caregiving support service through financial services firm Oenworth.E)Many families are unprepared for quick decisions, especially when they find out that Medicare doesn't pay forlong-term care, Feinberg says. The median cost of a year in a private room at a nursing home in 2011 was$77,745, according to Genworth. And only those who have spent most of their assets can qualify for Medicaidto pay for the nursing home.F)Assisted living is another option. Residents can have their own apartment to maintain some independence. Butthe facilities generally provide personal care services, such as meals, housekeeping and assistance withactivities. Still, it's not cheap: The national median cost in 2011 was $39,135, according to Genworth. Assistedliving isn't covered by Medicaid.G)If they have a choice, at least 90% of elderly parents prefer to stay at home as long as they can, according toAARP research. But if the parents can no longer safely live at home, it can be hard for children to move theminto an adult care facility. There may be another option. Sometimes the home can be modified so a parent canstay there. For example, Baldoechi put in a chair lift for her mother. She also arranged for a home caregiver.H) Family caregivers take over many responsibilities. One might manage a parent's finances, while anothersibling will take the parent to doctors' appointments and shopping. Those who move in with a parent take on asignificant and sustained burden of care. Jan Walker moved into her mother's home in Leesburg, Fla. After hermother, who is 83, had fallen, she wasn't able to get around as well. Walker,55, has three brothers. But she isthe only daughter, is divorced and has no children. "I always knew that this was the role that I would have, andI guess my mind was preparedfor it," says Walker, who now is a full-time caregiver and works from home asa tutorial instructor for a digital scrapbooking website. "When you get into the trenches, it's literally baptismby fire," she says. "New things come up. It's not just about advance planning for finances or medical care. It'severything," she says.I) Carcgivers need to also watch their own health. "There is such a thing as caregiver burnout," Cona says.Among female caregivers 50 and older,20% reported symptoms of depression, according to a 2010 study onworking caregivers by MetLife. "It's a hard job," Walker says. "But most worthwhile things are hard. She wasalways there for me when I needed a helping hand. It's only natural that I be here for her now."根据以上内容，回答46-55题。
2016年公共英语四级阅读理解精讲练习题
Reading comprehension能力要求：理解主旨要义;理解具体信息;推测生词含义;进行推理判断和引申;理解概念性含义;理解文章的结构、单句之间、段落之间的关系;理解作者意图、观点和态度;区分论点和论据;该部分有A、B两部分组成，A节：该节20题，考查考生阅读能力。
根据提供四篇文章的内容，从每题给出的四个选项中选出最佳答案。
B节：要求阅读一篇约400词的文章，将其中5个画线部分翻译成中文。
（一）A sixth grader settles downs to tackle her homework on a weekday afternoon in 2004. She is sitting on the bus with her laptop; logging on tothe Internet to take a math-skills test in the school home page and get her own personalized assignment. She downloads the software sh e’ll need, seeks help from an online school librarian and emails the finished work to her teacher. Mom and dad check in from their office computer, comparing her scores with the class and the state averages.Homework in the future may not any less laboriou s, but it will certainly be more wired. And as more children gain access to computers and the Ne t—75%of teens and 47% of kids aged 2 to 12 are expected to be online by 2002—schools and technology companies are responding with unique assignment and high-tech homework help for parents and kids. On the menu: TAILOR-MADE ASSIGNMENTS. The most profound way homework will change is that instead of everybody heading home with the same lesson; each student will sit down to an individual assignment. The school server, or central computer, will maintain information on each studen t’s progress and dole out the appropriate work when the child checks the Web page.Keeping in touch. For students like high school junior Samantha Symonds of Pottstown, pa, the simple ease of getting assignments on line and turning in via emails is reason enough to take homework digital. Samantha, a competitive fencer, travels far from her school for tournament and boots up to stay on top of her assignment. Logging on in hotel roomsand airports, she gets copies of course lectures and lab assignments, emails her teacher when she is stumped and even takes tests on line.“You can actually focus on what you need to know rather than tracking down someone to answer your questions,” Samantha says.Unlimited research. Kids are rapidly becoming experts at searching websites and CD-RoMS for research projects and wowing teachers with what they find. The most profound way homework will change is that instead of everybody heading home with the same lesson; each student will sit down to an individual assignment.Wiring the Have-Nots. As computers become the homework to tool of choice, educators worry about children who do n’t have access to the technology. “The kids who don’t have computers at home will be at such a fundamental disadvantage. It will be as if they do n’t have a pen or paper,”says Ellyot Solovay, a professor at he university of Michigan. H e’s just finished a study in which internet TVs were placed in the homes of a class of Detroit public-school students, and found it not only benefited the kids but boosted parental involvement as well.Yet wining kids over to become fans of homework may take more than high-tech help. Annette Bitter’s seventh–graders love doing research on the laptops they got through a Microsoft study. “But of course there are always excuses” says Bitter, who keeps hearing a modern tale of woe.“The computer ate my homework.”1.How will assignments in 2004 be finished?A. Students will go to school and finish the school work assigned by teachers.B. Middle school teachers will require students to type our all their assignments.C. Different assignments will be given to students according ti their own will.D. Staying at home, students can get their assignments throu gh the Internet and email to their teachers after finishing them.2. According to the passage, laptop probably refers to ____.A. a small-sized portable computerB. a newly-invented TV setC. a kind of calculatorD. an old-fashioned private computer3.What does the author mean by saying “it (homework) will certainly be more wired”?A. More wires will be needed to finish homework.B. homework is going to be done by wiring the house.C. Students are expected to finish school work through the Internet.D. Teachers will inform students of homework by phoning.4.What kind of assignment will teachers give to students in 2004 according to the passage?A. Less laborious than today’s homework.B.Assignment given according to students’ different conditions.C. Easy to complete with the help of online information.D. work that are most entertaining to the students.5.It is implied in the passage that _____A. information technology enables education to vary from person to person.B. assignment in 2004 will be more entertaining and less painingC. all students are going to be fans of homework in the future.D. traditional education is doomed to disappear解析1.D 考查对文章具体内容的的理解。
英语四级阅读考试试题及答案
英语四级阅读考试试题及答案2016年英语四级阅读考试试题及答案2016年英语四级考试6月18日就开考了，复习时间所剩无几了，为提高同学们阅读理解题的考试准确率，店铺为大家带来最新英语四级考试阅读理解试题及答案如下：四级阅读强化辅导练习题(一)At the close of each business day, most trained teachers, administrators, politicians, and statesmen make objective analyses of all that has transpired. They then carefully evaluate performance in the achievement of certain specified objectives. You, as a student, would be wise to adopt the same practice and reflect upon your performance in relating to the achievement of certain personal and educational objectives.First, what was your purpose, your motivational force in seeking an education? Did you seek an education in active performance, or did you seek to be educated in passive reception and automatic acquisition(获取) of information that was fed to you? Was the profit motive your primary motivation for obtaining an education? Do you want a better education for the sole purpose of getting a better job? What does the educational process really mean to you?We are part of a world in which men thrill to the touch of gold and hearts respond to the word money instead of being thrilled by the thought of good. We five in a world in which we are taught that the pursuit of happiness is an equation for the most rapid acquisition of money, by whatever means.If profit and money are your first priorities, and compassion and commitment to people your least concern, you have done little other than accumulate some facts and compile someinformation for future reference. If making money is your daydream and losing money your nightmare, if poverty is your worst fear and making money your most fervent prayer, you have missed the opportunity for education. You have failed yourself and have only received Nome instruction.21.. This passage suggests that students should______.A. assess their aims for learningB. learn more to earn moreC. evaluate their politicians and statesmenD. keep knowledge to themselves22.The educational procedure should be one in which the student______.A. does what he is toldB. gets a better education to get a better jobC. makes principles of education for self-betterment of their aimsD. approaches the benefits of being well-off23. The author seems to feel that______.A. people's welfare should be the chief concern in learningB. profit has nothing to do with peopleC. poverty is good for the soulD. knowledge is not the main objective for learning24.A good title for the selection might be______.A. The Benefit of EducationB. Education Motivation—Progress or ProfitC. Self-EducationD. Profit and Money25. The word "nightmare" in the last paragraph is nearest in meaning to_______.A. a very bad dreamB. unhappinessC. sleeplessnessD. a hazard to your health参考答案：21. A 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. A四级阅读强化辅导练习题(二)When we analyze the salt salinity(盐浓度) of ocean waters, we find that it varies only slightly from place to place. Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation. In this manner, the salinity is increased, since the salt stays behind. If this is carried to the extreme, of course, white salt would be left behind; this, by the way, is how much of the table salt we use is actually obtained.The opposite of evaporation is precipitation, such as rain, by which water is added to the ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted (稀释) so that the salinity is decreased. This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. Thus salinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation, or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation.Normally, in hot regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. Similarly, in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas.A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of sea ice. When seawater is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behind.. In this manner, seawater directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeared. Of course, when this ice melts, it will tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water.In the Weddell Sea, the densest water in the ocean is formed as a result of this freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portion of the oceans of the world.26. This passage mainly tells us about_______.A. the analysis of the salinity of ocean watersB. the causes of the variation in oceanic salinityC. the importance of the changes in oceanic salinityD. the different forms of salts in ocean waters27.It can be known from the passage that increase in the salinity of ocean water is causedby______.A. melting of sea iceB. precipitationC. evaporationD. supplement of salt28.Which of the following is not the cause of the decrease in the oceanic salinity?A. Precipitation.B. Rain and snow.C. Formation of ice.D. Addition of water by rivers.29.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Oceanic salinity has great effect on sea life.B. Many factors combine to cause changes in oceanic salinity.C. The movement of the water is related to the amount of salt.D. The temperature of the water has much to do with the oceanic salinity.30.The purpose of mentioning the Weddell Sea is_______.A. to give an example of cold-water salinityB. to point out the location of deep watersC. to make a comparison between hot-water salinity andcold-water salinityD. to show that the water in the Weddell Sea varies in salinity from place to place参考答案：26. B 27. C 28. C 29. D 30. A【2016年英语四级阅读考试试题及答案】。
2016英语四级仔细阅读练习及答案解析（10）
Questions 61-65 are based oB thefollowingpassage. The unemployment rate continues to improve.It was 10%in the fall of 2009.It was 7.5%at this time last year.It has been fluctuatin9 6.3%and 6.7%for the last couple months. But before we celebrate.we need to examine the numbers behind the numbers.These can mask deeper problems. Youth unemployment.is one such problem.Young people face higher hurdles to and in the job market. They have fewer skills.1ess work experience and smaller networks. The consequences are devastating and the facts bear this out. Those with more education do beaer but no group is held harmless.Unemployment rates for recent college graduates increased from 3.1%in 2008 to 8%in 2010.High youth unemployment rates predate the recession.In 2000.the general unemployment rate was approximately 4%.For 15 to 24 year olds it was over9%. High youth unemployment is not confined to the United States.For the 33“developed”countries in the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD)，combined 2013 youth unemployment was 16%.But more importantly,individuals，society and the economy suffer from a generation hamstrung by pool little or no work experience. Solutions are complicated because we are part of a global economy and recession，we are shifting to a knowledge-based economy,and unemployment is tied to complex social problems. But solutions do exist. Create a“youth guarantee”similar to the one adopted by leaders of the European Union.It states that“all young people under the age of 25 years receive a good-quality offer of employment，continued education，an apprenticeship or a traineeship within four months of becoming unemfDloyed or leaving formal education.”This has had success in some countries. Require that middle and high school programs greatly strengthen their workplace ties through vocational education，apprenticeships，internships，and teaching ofjob skills. As the economic recovery continues，we must ensure that we understand the numbers behind the numbers.This means not only paying close attention to the needs of our young workers but also responding with significant and decisive action. The United States has a population of over 300 million.of these.120 million are under the age of 30.Their future is Our future. 61、 What Can we infer from the lines of paragraph two? A.The reA.problem of youth unemployment is still severe. B.We can not only concentrate on the surface of numbers.C.The unemployment rate continues to be improveD. D.We should not celebrate for the lower unemployment rate. 62、 What is the main micro reason of youth unemployment according to the 3-6paragraphs? A.They are not with good education and skill backgrotmds. B.There are no adequate iobs for youths in the competitive iob market. C.Tlley have fewer skills，less work experience and smaller networks. D.The development of society and economy does not satisfy. 63、 What is the main macro reason of youth unemployment? A.The global economy is suffering from a serious recession. B.It iS closely tied with global economy and complex social problems. C.The shifting to a knowledge.based economy causes this problem. D.All nations encounter this annoyed employment issue. 64、 What is the crucial point of these two solutions for high youth unemployment? ernment is wholly responsible for this troublesome problem. B.The youth can completely depend on the offered help of govemment.C.The good combination of education and occupation would be embraceD. D.The education for youth should be work.orienteD. 65、 What is the main idea ofthis passage7 A.Youth unemployment will be serious for many.years even with solutions. B.Youth unemployment Can be solved by government and schools. C.Unemployment could be reduced by the efforts ofyouth. D.We should be clear-headed about numbers and take actions effectively. 61.What call we infer from the lines ofparagraph two?从第⼆段可以推断出什么? A.The real problem ofyouth unemployment is still severe.青年失业问题依然严重。
2016英语四级仔细阅读练习及答案解析（6）
Passage Two Questions 61 to 65 are based on thefollowingpassage. Milleunials(千禧⼀代)have a reputation for being pretty savvy(聪慧的)with technology and social media——not to mention their finances----⼀but today’s young adults are clueless when it comes to knowledge of their credit. A new study conducted by the Consumer Federation of America and VantageScore Solutions finds that 18-34 year-olds lag behind older Americans on credit knowledge.Not that older generations are whiz kids when it comes to credit——just over 40%of consumers surveyed even know what their credit score measures，for instance—but millennials have the dubious distinction(区别)of being even less-informed than other age groups. Only around half of milleunials have ever even bothered to order a free copy of their credit report，as compared to about three.quarters of older people surveyed. They’re more likely to think age plays a role in credit scoring，that the government keeps track of consumer credit data and that credit repair services can legitimately fix your credit(by and large，they Can’t).And while most of them know that a lot of credit card debt，declaring bankruptcy and missing payments can affect their credit，only 6%got everything fight when they picked from a list of factors that could potentially impact their score. Young adults have a pretty poor grasp on how far-reaching this impact is：Only 1 8 percent knew that utility companies，cell phone carders，mortgage lenders and home insurers，landlords and credit card companies can all use a consumer’s credit when doing business with them. They’re also unaware of the financial consequences of bad credit.just 1 5%knew that a bad credit score could cost more than$5，000 in higher interest payments over the life of a car loan. One factor that seems to make a difference in how much credit knowledge people have is whether or not.mey’ve actually goRen their free credit report(if you’re one of the many who haven’t，you can do so at annualcreditreport.corn).Interestingly, people who got their credit reports knew more than those who had just gotten their credit scores. “Those who are interested in their credit reports are probably also interested in their credit scores.”CFA executive director Stephen Brobeck says in a statement.“It’s so easy to go online and get your free reports that this action likely motivates people to learn more about credit scores.” 61.What does the word“whiz kids”mean(Line 3.Para.2)? A.Children who are very naughty. B.Children who are a little dull. C.Children who are extraordinarily smart. D.Children who quite sensitive. 62.What do the millennials think of credit? A. Credit scoring has nothing to do with age. B. Declaring bankruptcy can lead to bad credit data. C. Government will never track a consumer’s credit. D. It doesn’t matter if you have any credit card debt or not. 63.Which of the following statement about credit report is TRUE? A. You can get a free copy ofyour credit report from the website. B. People interested in credit report can’t be interested in credit scores. C. People with credit reports have little knowledge of credit scores. D. Getting the copy of credit report may discourage people to leam more about credit. 64.What can be inferred from this passage? lennials prefer to get their credit reports than to have credit scores. B.You can ask credit repair services to fix your credit. C.Despite of bad credit，a mortgage lender Will trade with you. D.With bad credit,you’ll have to pay a higher loan interest. 65.What’s the main idea ofthis passage? lennials are not smart enough to learn about credit. B. Millennials should learn more about credit scores. lennials should get their credit reports. leunials should realize the consequences ofbad credit. 61.What does the word“whiz kids”mean(Line 3，Para.2)?⽂中第⼆段第三⾏的“whiz kids”是什么意思? A.Children who file very naughty.很淘⽓的⼩孩。
全国英语等级考试pets4阅读练习题及答案
全国英语等级考试pets4阅读练习题及答案2016全国英语等级考试pets4阅读练习题及答案 2016年上半年全国英语等级考试时间为3⽉19⽇⾄20⽇，为了各位考⽣可以更好地备战全国英语等级考试四级考试，下⾯YJBYS⼩编为⼤家带来2016全国英语等级考试pets4阅读练习题及答案，供⼤家参考学习，预祝考⽣备考成功! (⼀) Sustainable development is applied to just about everything from energy to clean water and economic growth, and as a result it has become difficult to question either the basic assumptions behind it or the way the concept is put to use. This is especially true in agriculture, where sustainable development is often taken as the sole measure of progress without a proper appreciation of historical and cultural perspectives. To start with, it is important to remember that the nature of agriculture has changed markedly throughout history, and will continue to do so .medieval agriculture in northern Europe fed, clothed and sheltered a predominantly rural society with a much lower population density than it is today. It had minimal effect on biodiversity, and any pollution it caused was typically localized. In terms of energy use and the nutrients captured in the product it was relatively inefficient. Contrast this with farming since the start of the industrial revolution. Competition from overseas led farmers to specialize and increase yields. Throughout this period food became cheaper, safe and more reliable. However, these changes have also led to habitat(栖息地)loss and to diminishing biodiversity. What’s more, demand for animal products in developing countries is growing so fast that meeting it will require an extra 300 million tons of grain a year by 2050.yet the growth of cities and industry is reducing the amount of water available for agriculture in many regions. All this means that agriculture in the 21stcentury will have to be very different from how it was in the 20th.thiswill require radical thinking. For example, we need to move away from the idea that traditional practices are inevitably more sustainable than new ones. We also need to abandon the notion that agriculture can be “zero impact”. The key will be to abandon the rather simple and static measures of sustainability, which centre on the need to maintain production without increasing damage. Instead we need a more dynamic interpretation, one that looks at the pros and cons(正反两⽅⾯)of all the various way land is used. There are many different ways to measure agricultural performance besides food yield: energy use, environmental costs, water purity, carbon footprint and biodiversity. It is clear, for example, that the carbon of transporting tomatoes from Spain to the UK is less than that of producing them in the UK with additional heating and lighting. But we do not know whether lower carbon footprints will always be better for biodiversity. What is crucial is recognizing that sustainable agriculture is not just about sustainable food production. 1. How do people often measure progress in agriculture? A) By its productivity C) By its impact on the environment B) By its sustainability D) By its contribution to economic growth 2. Specialisation and the effort to increase yields have resulted in________. A) Localised pollution C) competition from overseas B) the shrinking of farmland D) the decrease of biodiversity 3. What does the author think of traditional farming practices? A) They have remained the same over the centuries B) They have not kept pace with population growth C) They are not necessarily sustainable D) They are environmentally friendly 4. What will agriculture be like in the 21st century A) It will go through radical changes B) It will supply more animal products C) It will abandon traditional farming practices D) It will cause zero damage to the environment 5 What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? A) To remind people of the need of sustainable development B) To suggest ways of ensuring sustainable food production C) To advance new criteria for measuring farming progress D) To urge people to rethink what sustainable agriculture is 参考答案：BDCAD (⼆) If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition — wealth, distinction, control over one’s destiny — must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition’s behalf. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition — if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. There is a heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped — with the educated themselves riding on them. Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs — the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, “Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious.” The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed. Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or made sly. Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life. 1. It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if ____. A. its returns well compensate for the sacrifices B. it is rewarded with money, fame and power C. its goals are spiritual rather than material D. it is shared by the rich and the famous 2. The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is ____. A. customary of the educated to discard ambition in words B. too late to check ambition once it has been let out C. dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal D. impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition 3. Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because ____. A. they think of it as immoral B. their pursuits are not fame or wealth C. ambition is not closely related to material benefits D. they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible 4. From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained ____.A. secretly and vigorouslyB. openly and enthusiasticallyC. easily and momentarilyD. verbally and spiritually 参考答案：ACDB。
2016英语四级仔细阅读练习及答案解析（9）
Section C Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Questions 56-60 are based on thefollowingpassage. You had me at“Hello”!It turns out our opening words make people take less than a second to form an impression of someone’s personality based on their voice alone. We know that our voices Call transmit subtle signals about our gender，age，even body strength and certain personality traits，but Phil Mcaleer at the University of Glasgow and his colleagues wondered whether we make an instant impression.To find out，mey recorded 64 people as they read a passage.They then extracted the word“hello”and asked 320 people to rate the voices on a scale of 1 to 9 for one of 10 perceived personality traits—includingtrustworthiness，dominance and attractiveness. Although it’s not clear how accurate such snap judgments are，what is apparent is that we all make them，and very quickly.“We were surprised by just how similar people’s ratings were.”says ing a scale in which orepresents no agreement on a perceived trait and l reflects complete agreement，all10 traits scored on average 0.92—meaning most people agreed very closely to what extent each voice represented each trait. It makes sense that decisions about personality should happen really fast，says Mcaleer.“There’s thisevolutionary‘approach/avoidance’idea—vou want to quickly know if you call trust a person so you can approach them or run away and that would be redundant if it took too long to figure it out.” The impression that our voices convey—even from an audio clip lasting just 390 milliseconds—appears to be down to several factors，for example，the pitch of a person’s voice influenced how trustworthy they seemed.“A guy who raises his pitch becomes more trustworthy,”says Mcaleer.“While girls are on the opposite.” The methods used in this paper are familiar,but the conclusions are novel and interesting.The way the study links personality to attractiveness and reproductive fitness makes sense biologically.The team hope that their work can be used to help create artificial voices for people who have lost their own due to a medical condition and create likable and engaging voices for satnavs，and other robotics. 56、What’s the meaning of“You had me at‘Hello”’? A.When I say“hello”，you will get my greeting. B.When I say“hello”,you will give me a response. C.When I say“hello”,you will form an impression of my voice. D.When I say“hello”，you will reA.ize my personA.ity in a second. 57、 What conclusion Call we get from the research performed by professor Mcaleer and his colleagues? A.Most people agreed each voice represented each trait. B.0ur voices can tansmit subtle signals about ourselves. C.People can make accurate snap judgments very quickly. D.People cannot form all instant impression through voice. 58、 What does Mcaleer mean by saying the line that‘'there’s this evolutionary approach/avoidance’idea”(Line2，Para.4)? A.People can avoid others quickly if they trust them. B.People can approach others quickly if they distrust them. C.People hope to know others quickly to approach or avoid them. D.People dislike to spend much time to understand others. 59、 When does a girl become more trustworthy compared with a guy? A.A girl would be more trustworthy when she raises her voice up at the end of word. B.A girl would be more trustworthy as she glides from a high to a low pitch. C.A girl would be more trustworthy as she keeps the same pitch during conversation. D.A girl would be more trustworthy when she alter the pitch from time to time. 60、 What is the purpose of this study? A.To help create artificiA.voices for people who have lost it. B.To create likable and engaging voices for satnavs. C.To make contribution to the creation of voices for robots. D.All ofthe above. 56.What’Sthemeaningof‘'Youhadmeat‘Hello”’?当我说“你好”时，你就已经了解我了，这句话是什么意思? A.When I say‘'hello”，you will get my greeting.当我说你好时，你得到了我的问候。
2016英语四级考试仔细阅读练习题（14）
Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. Just five one-hundredths of an inch thick, light golden in color and with a perfect “saddle curl,” the Lay’s potato chip seems an unlikely weapon for global domination. But its maker. Frito-Lay. Thinks otherwise. “Potato chips are a snack food for the world,” said Salman Amin, the company’s head of global marketing. Amin believes there is no corner of the world that can resist the charms of a Frito-Lay potato chip. Frito-Lay is the biggest snack maker in America, owned by PepsiCo. And accounts for over half of the parent company’s $3 billion annual profits. But the U.S. snack food market is largely saturated, and to grow, the company has to look overseas. Its strategy rests on two beliefs: first a global product offers economies of scale with which local brands cannot compete. And second, consumers in the 21st century are drawn to “global” as a concept. “Global” does not mean products that are consciously identified as American, but ones than consumes-especially young people-see as part of a modem, innovative (创新的) world in which people are linked across cultures by shared beliefs and tastes. Potato chips are an American invention, but most Chinese, for instance, do not know than Frito-Lay is an American company. Instead, Riskey, the company’s research and development head, would hope they associate the brand with the new world of global communications and business. With brand perception a crucial factor, Riskey ordered a redesign of the Frito-Lay logo (标识). The logo, along with the company’s long-held marketing image of the “irresistibility” of its chips, would help facilitate the company’s global expansion. The executives acknowledge that they try to swing national eating habits to a food created in America, but they deny that amounts to economic imperialism. Rater, they see Frito-Lay as spreading the benefits of free enterprise across the world.“We’re making products in those countries, we’re adapting them to the tastes of those countries, building businesses and employing people and changing lives,” said Steve Reinemund, PepsiCo’s chief executive. 21. It is the belief of Frito-Lay’s head of global marking that ________. A) potato chips can hardly be used as a weapon to dominate the world market B) their company must find new ways to promote domestic sales C) the light golden color enhances the charm of their company’s potato chips D) people the world over enjoy eating their company’s potato chips 22. What do we learn about Frito-Lay from Paragraph 2? A) Its products use to be popular among overseas consumers. B) Its expansion has caused fierce competition in the snack marker. C) It gives half of its annual profits to its parent company. D) It needs to turn to the word market for development. 23. One of the assumptions on which Frito-Lay bases its development strategy is that ________. A) consumers worldwide today are attracted by global brands B) local brands cannot compete successfully with American brands C) products suiting Chinese consumers’ needs bring more profits D) products identified as American will have promising market value 24. Why did Riskey have the Frito-Lay logo redesigned? A) To suit changing tastes of young consumers. B) To promote the company’s strategy of globalization. C) To change the company’s long-held marketing image. D) To compete with other American chip producers. 25. Frito-Lay’s executives claim that the promoting of American food in the international market ________. A) won’t affect the eating habits of the local people B) will lead to economic imperialism来源： C) will be in the interest of the local people D) won’t spoil the taste of their chips Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. In communities north of Denver, residents are pitching in to help teachers and administrators as the Vrain school District tries to solve a $13.8 million budget shortage blamed on mismanagement. “We’re worried about our teachers and principals, and we really don’t want to lose them because of this,” one parent sail. “If we can help ease their financial burden, we will. “ Teachers are grateful, but know it may be years before the district is solvent (有综合能⼒的). They feel really good about the parent support, but they realize it’s impossible for then to solve this problem. The 22,000-student district discovered the shortage last month. “It’s extraordinary. Nobody would have imagined something happening like this at this level,” said State Treasurer Mike Coffman. Coffman and district officials last week agreed on a state emergency plan freeing yp a $9.8 million loan that enabled thepayroll (⼯资单) to be met for 2,700 teachers and staff in time for the holidays. District officials also took $1.7 million from student-activity accounts its 38 schools. At Coffman’s request, the District Attorney has begun investigating the district’s finances. Coffman says he wants to know whether district officials hid the budget shortage until after the November election, when voters approved a $212 million bond issue for schools. In Frederick, students’ parents are buying classroom supplies and offering to pay for groceries and utilities to keep first-year teachers and principals in their jobs. Some $36,000 has been raised in donations from Safeway. A Chevrolet dealership donated $10,000 and forgave the district’s $10,750 bill for renting the driver educating cars. IBM contributed 4,500 packs of paper. “We employ thousands of people in this community,” said Mitch Carson, a hospital chief executive, who helped raise funds. “We have children in the school, and we see how they could be affected.” At Creek High School, three students started a website that displays newspaper articles, district information and an email forum (论坛)。
2016英语四级仔细阅读练习及答案解析（4）
Passage Two Questions 61 to65 are based on thefollowingpassage. Here’s a case study for would-be MBAs to consider：the success of H Mart.an international supermarket chain based in New Jersey(the“H”in H Mart stands for Han Ah Reum.which means“one arm full of groceries”in Korean).Tlle first H Mart opened in Queens，New York in 1982，as a corner shop.Now there are stores in 11 states，Canada and Britain.A new one recently opened in Cambridge. Massachusetts，an affluent city outside Boston. The future looks bright for Asian supermarkets like H Mart.Eamings of Asian-American households outpace the American average.Their spending exceeds all other groups，too，according to Geoscape，a consultancy.And they spend more of their money on groceries than the average America household.But Asian delicacies can be hard to come by：few Americans are likely to see durian or bamboo shoots in their local shop.Some specialty ingredients are only to be found at a premium(⾼价)in up-market grocery stores，or miles away,in ethnic markets in older Asian neighborhpods. Americans have developed greater appetite for cooking and eating Asian foods，t00.In 2012 non.restaurant sales of Asian foods topped $1.5 billion，according to Mintel Group.a market.research firm.Though Latin foods are a bigger market，the popularity of Asian foods is growing faster.Once strange.seeming imports like seaweed and sashimi are now fashionable eats.Though the rate of growth is expected to fall，sales are likely to keep rising. Yet most Asian grocers have not made efforts to reach new customers，says Jeffrey Cohen，an analyst at IBIS World,an industries watcher.Many shops are located in minority enclaves，and do little to market themselves to other Americans.Cramped car parks and dingy interiors fend off customers used to the bright fluorescence(荧光)of mainstream supermarkets.Ingredients labeled with poorly-translated English Can leave shoppers bamed. A few Asian grocery chains have caught on，opening stores in more diverse suburbs，paying attention to cosmetic niceties(细节)and marketing more widely.Other than H Mart，there are Califomian chains such as 99 Ranch Market and Shun Fat Supermarket，which have been expanding to the American southwest.The former was even featured in a humorous YouTube music vide—“Asians Eat Weird Things”—which has attracted more than 900，000 hits.Those weird things may not seem so weird after all. 61.What makes the future ofAsian supermarkets so bright? A.High income and spending ofAsian-AmeriCalls. B. High income ofAsians and unreachable Asian foods in local American shops. C.High expenditures of Asians on grocery. D.Low earnings of the other groups. 62.What are the benefits ofAmericans’growing appetite for Asian foods? A. The increasing sales and popularity ofAsian foods. B.The expansion of Latin food market. C.The growing fondness of cooking. D.The AmeriCans’good cooking skills ofAsian foods. 63.Whhat are the reasons for the unreachability ofAsian groceries to Americans? A. AmeriCans’dislike to Asian foods. B. Asians’unwillingness to do business with AmeriCans. C. The poor shopping environment and confusing English introduction of the goods. D. Americans’dislike to the English introduction of the goods. 64.What do Asian do to develop their groceries? A. Open stores in suburbs and improve shopping environment. B. Market shops to more AmeriCans. C. Make use of the mass media. D.All ofthe above. 65.What call be inferred fi'om this passage? n supermarkets will become more and more popular. B. Latin foods are less popular than Asian foods. C.Americans’incomes are lower than the Asians’. D.H Mart is all American international supermarket chain. 61.What makes the future ofAsian supermarkets so bright?什么因素使得亚洲超市的未来⼀⽚光明? A.High income and spending ofAsian—Americans.亚裔美国⼈的⾼收⼊及⾼开⽀。
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Reading comprehension能力要求：理解主旨要义;理解具体信息;推测生词含义;进行推理判断和引申;理解概念性含义;理解文章的结构、单句之间、段落之间的关系;理解作者意图、观点和态度;区分论点和论据;该部分有A、B两部分组成，A节：该节20题，考查考生阅读能力。
根据提供四篇文章的内容，从每题给出的四个选项中选出最佳答案。
B节：要求阅读一篇约400词的文章，将其中5个画线部分翻译成中文。
（一）A sixth grader settles downs to tackle her homework on a weekday afternoon in 2004. She is sitting on the bus with her laptop; logging on tothe Internet to take a math-skills test in the school home page and get her own personalized assignment. She downloads the software she’ll need, seeks help from an online school librarian and emails the finished work to her teacher. Mom and dad check in from their office computer, comparing her scores with the class and the state averages.Homework in the future may not any less laboriou s, but it will certainly be more wired. And as more children gain access to computers and the Net—75%of teens and 47% of kids aged 2 to 12 are expected to be online by 2002—schools and technology companies are responding with unique assignment and high-tech homework help for parents and kids. On the menu: TAILOR-MADE ASSIGNMENTS. The most profound way homework will change is that instead of everybody heading home with the same lesson; each student will sit down to an individual assignment. The school server, or central computer, will maintain information on each student’s progress and dole out the appropriate work when the child checks the Web page.Keeping in touch. For students like high school junior Samantha Symonds of Pottstown, pa, the simple ease of getting assignments on line and turning in via emails is reason enough to take homework digital. Samantha, a competitive fencer, travels far from her school for tournament and boots up to stay on top of her assignment. Logging on in hotel roomsand airports, she gets copies of course lectures and lab assignments, emails her teacher when she is stumped and even takes tests on line. “You can actually focus on what you need to know rather than tracking down someone to answer your questions,” Samantha says.Unlimited research. Kids are rapidly becoming experts at searching websites and CD-RoMS for research projects and wowing teachers with what they find. The most profound way homework will change is that instead of everybody heading home with the same lesson; each student will sit down to an individual assignment.Wiring the Have-Nots. As computers become the homework to tool of choice, educators worry about children who don’t have access to the technology. “The kids who don’t have computers at home will be at such a fundamental disadvantage. It will be as if they don’t have a pen or paper,” says Ellyot Solovay, a professor at he university of Michigan. He’s just finished a study in which internet TVs were placed in the homes of a class of Detroit public-school students, and found it not only benefited the kids but boosted parental involvement as well.Yet wining kids over to become fans of homework may take more than high-tech help. Annette Bitter’s seventh–graders love doing research on the laptops they g ot through a Microsoft study. “But of course there are always excuses” says Bitter, who keeps hearing a modern tale of woe. “The computer ate my homework.”1.How will assignments in 2004 be finished?A. Students will go to school and finish the school work assigned by teachers.B. Middle school teachers will require students to type our all their assignments.C. Different assignments will be given to students according ti their own will.D. Staying at home, students can get their assignments throu gh the Internet and email to their teachers after finishing them.2. According to the passage, laptop probably refers to ____.A. a small-sized portable computerB. a newly-invented TV setC. a kind of calculatorD. an old-fashioned private computer3.What does the author mean by saying “it (homework) will certainly be more wired”?A. More wires will be needed to finish homework.B. homework is going to be done by wiring the house.C. Students are expected to finish school work through the Internet.D. Teachers will inform students of homework by phoning.4.What kind of assignment will teachers give to students in 2004 according to the passage?A. Less laborious than today’s homework.B.Assignment given according to students’ differ ent conditions.C. Easy to complete with the help of online information.D. work that are most entertaining to the students.5.It is implied in the passage that _____A. information technology enables education to vary from person to person.B. assignment in 2004 will be more entertaining and less painingC. all students are going to be fans of homework in the future.D. traditional education is doomed to disappear解析1.D 考查对文章具体内容的的理解。