公共英语三级知识点(部分)

PETS 3 一些必要知识点：
倒装句：
全部倒装：通常只用于一般现在时与一般过去时。

1. 在there be或者There live(stand, appear, seem, remain, exist….) 句型中
There are two apples on the desk. (原语序：Two apples are there on the desk) 桌上有两个苹果。

There stands a tall man at the gate. (A tall man stands there at the gate) 一个高个男人站在大门口。

2.在“here, there, now, thus, then+动词+主语”的句子中,(谓语动词为be, go, come, lie, run等，主语为名词)
Here comes the bus. 巴士来了
Now comes my turn. 到我了。

3.“out\ in, up\ down, off\away, in the distance, on the hill, round the corner”等表示方向性的副词或表示地点的介词词组位于句首，且主语又是名词时，句子全部倒装
Down fell the leaves. 树叶落下了。

Away went the team. 全队都走了。

☆注意：主语必须是名词，非名词则不倒装
Here comes the boy. = Here he comes. 他来了
4.有时为了强调表语，构成“表语+连系动词+主语”结构
Lucky is she who survived the massacre. = She who survived the massacre is lucky. 她能从大屠杀中活下来非常幸运。

5、在某些表示愿望的祝愿语中，全倒装
Long may the Queen reign! 愿女王统治长久！
二、部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前
如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。

引导部分倒装的词有：
1. 含有否定或半否定意义的词语：not, neve r, seldom, hardly, little, scarcely, barely, few…Never have I heard of him before. = I have never heard of him before. 我从没听说过他。

2. 含有否定结构的连词: not only…but also., neither. Nor.., no sooner, scarcely...than..., Hardly had ...when..., not until...; nowhere等.
Not only can he play tennis, but also can I. 不只他会打网球，我也会打。

3. 表否定意义的介词词组：by no means, in no case\way, with no method, at no time, on no account, under no circumstances\condition...
In no way will he betray me. 他绝不会背叛我。

注意：
1) Not only...but also...必须连接两个分句时，才使用部分倒装，而且只倒装not only后的分句。

如果连接的是两个并列词语，不用倒装结构
He impressed not only you, but also me. 不仅是你对他印象深刻，我也是。

2) Hardly...when..., Scarcely...than..., No sooner...than...意义基本相同，它们连接的句子，都只倒装前一个分句，即：“前倒后不倒（装）”
Hardly had I closed the door when the dog started to bark. 我一关门，狗就开始叫。

3) 当not until（直到。

才）引导主从复合句时，主句倒装，从句不用倒装，或者可以理解为：“后倒前不倒（装）”
Not until midnight did we finish the work. 直到午夜，我们才完成工作。

2. only+副词/介词短语/状语从句时，主句倒装
Only yesterday did I notice that my fridge was broken. 昨天我才发现我的冰箱坏了。

Only in this way can you learn the lesson. 只有这样你才能吸取教训。

Only when it begins to snow did they light the fireplace. 下雪了他们才开始用壁炉。

3. so用在句首
表示另一主语“也……样”时，用“So + be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语”结构
而表示另一主语“也不……样”时，用“Nor\Neither + be(have,助动词或情态动词)+主语”结构He forgot the keys, so did I. 他忘了带钥匙，我也是。

He hasn't finished his homework, and nor have I. 他还没做完作业，我也是。

4. as作“尽管／虽然”，引导让步状语从句(as可以换成though)，由于语法需要，需要部分倒装
Fun as the job is, I can't be a waitress forever. 虽然工作很有趣，但我不能当一辈子服务员。

注意：though位于句首引导让步状语从句时，可以倒装，也可以不倒装
但as引导让步状语从句时,必须使用倒装。

否则就变成了原因状语从句。

As he is too young, he couldn't go to school. 他还不能上学，因为他还太小了。

5. 在”so…that…“和“such…that…“引导的结果状语从句中，当so和such位于句首时，用“so\such + ... +部分谓语+ 主语+...”
So cold was the weather that I was going to call sick. 之前天气太冷了，我都打算请病假不上班了。

6. 若if引导的虚拟条件句中有were, had, should时, 可将if省略，把were, had , should 放在句首
Should anyone of you hide Mr. Potter, you would be considered as equally guilty.
= If anyone of you should hide Mr. Potter, you would be considered as equally guilty. 你们谁要是敢把哈利波特藏起来，都会当与他同罪对待。