英语主从复合句

第一部分导论
从句的种类繁多。

根据对各类试卷进行综合分析，不外乎由三大类组成：一是名词性从句，包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、介词宾语从句、以及同位语从句；二是定语从句，包括限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句、割裂式定语从句、搭配式定语从句；三是状语从句，包括时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、条件状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句以及伴随情况状语从句。

一、名词性从句
(一)主语从句
1. It has been pointed out __ their suggestions are reasonable to a certain dear
A. whether
B. that
C. what
D. why
选B. that 作引导词,引出主语从句,it形式主语.
2.__ get rid of the force of friction is still a hard nut to us.
A. How can we
B. How we can
C. Why should we
D. Why we should
选B.表示"我们该如何克服这种摩擦力仍然是个棘手的问题.
3.__ men have learned much from heavier of animals is not new at all.
A. What
B. That
C. Which
D. Whether
选B,句中的much是宾语,所以不能选A
4. How did it come about __ you made a lot of mistakes in your home wonk?
A. whether
B. what
C. why
D. that
选D,这里it 是形式主语,that 引导的是主主从句.
5. __you were arguing about last night has been settled.
A. That
B. Which
C. It
D. What
选D, what引导主语从句;同时,在从句中作about的宾语.
(二) 表语从句
1. The reason for his success is __he worked harder than you.
B. for
C. why
D. that
选D, that 引导表语从句.
2. The most valid argument for retaining the research unit is__ so many advances have been made in such a short time.
A. what
B. that
C. whether
D. as
选B, that引导表语从句
3. The crucial question is __ it is expensive or not.
A. what
B. that
C. how
D. whether
选D. whether... or not 是固定用法.
4. Things are not always__ they seem to be for appearances are often deceiving.
A. that
B. why
C. what
D. whether
选C, what在从句中作表语.
(三) 宾语从句
1. I can't remember__ drawer he keeps his money in.
A. whose
B. which
C. that
D. how
B. 表示"哪只抽屉"
2. It's very important to make it clear __ agriculture is the foundation of the national economy.
A. whether
B. that
C. what
D. why
选B, it是形式宾语,that引导的是宾语从句.
3. I told him__ he should do next.
B. that
C. what
D. why
选C,表示"他接下来该做什么"
4. I'm wondering __ the bridge you mentioned just now is still under the construct ton.
A. what
B. that
C. whether
D. which
选C.表示"我不知道你刚才提及的那座桥是否还未竣工.
5. I do not know__ he came to disturb you at your work.
A. that
B. what
C. whether
D. why
选D,表示"我不知道他为什么来干扰你的工作.
(四) 介词宾语从句
1. Natural gas can be transported by pipelines to__ it is needed.
A. where
B. how
C. that
D. anywhere
选A.表示"运往需要的地方".
2. Because of air resistance, there is a limit to__ fast an object falls.
A. why
B. when
C. that
D. how
选D,表示"无论物体下落有多快都受到制约"
3. A wise and experienced administrator will assign a job to __ is qualified.
A. no matter who
B. whoever
C. whomever
D. who
选B,表示"把工作分给任何一个够格的人".A只能引导让步状语从句.
4. In marine biology a great debate continues about __ dolphins have an actual language or not.
A. whether
B. that
C. if
D. which
选A. that引导的名词性从句,作的宾语,有人把in that看成复合连词,表示"在于"
5. Bill differs from his brother Jack in __ he is always the first to get up.
A. that
B. what
C. why
D. whether
选A. that 引导的名词性从句.用in 的宾语.有人把in that 看成复合连词.
6. No one is sure__ damage the cosmic rays can do to a human being, but scientists feel that brief exposure is probably not very harmful.
A. that
B. what
C. whether
D. which
选B. is sure of 表示.of跟宾语从句时被省略.
(五) 同位语从句
1. The main difficulty lies in the fact __ we have nobody properly qualified for this work.
A. which
B. that
C. as
D. /
选B.句中the fact 可以省略,变成介词宾语从句
2. The news __he will take over his father's business does not surprise us at all.
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. why
选C. that 引导的是同位语从句,因为the news 一旦省略,句子也成立.名词从句就是新闻的具体内容.
3.The order soon came __ all the soldiers should get ready for the night attack from the enemy.
A. how
B. why
C. which
D. that
选D. that 在从句中不担任任何句子万分,被soon came 割裂开来,
4. A group of Japanese land developers came to the conclusion __there was nowhere to go but down in Tokyo.
A. that
B. which
C. how
D. why
选A. that 人句与the conclusion 同位.
二定语从句
(一) 限制性定主从句
1. Experienced clerks may move to deponents __ more knowledge is required.
A. where
B. which
C. when
D. while
选A. department 表示"部门",指地方.
2. I will never forget the ten years __ we both spent in the little village.
A. which
B. when
C. what
D. that
选A. years不是指"时间"而是"10年所经历的风风雨雨"
3.All __ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.
A. what is needed
B. which is needed
C. that is needed
D. who needs
选C. that 被用来修饰all, much, none, anything, something, nothing 等词.
4. The video industry is developing so rapidly that almost anything __ is recanted will be out of date.
A. that
B. which
C. as
D. what
选A,这是一种固定用法,同上.
5. I hope that the little__ I have been able to do does good to them all.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. as
选A.在抽象名词后面一般用that引导定语从句,表示"我所能做的那点事对他们有益"
6. One of the problems to be solved is that strain __ a person is subjected to when a spaceship leaves the ground.
A. where
B. that
C. which
D. as
选C.可以把to which .这里which 指strain.
(二) 非限制性定语从句.
1. A container weighs more after air is put in, __ proves that air has weight.
A. as
B. which
C. that
D. thus
选限制性定主从句不能用that ,前面加逗号.表示"这证实了空气肯有重量.
2. To make up an objective test, the teacher writes a series of questions, __ has only one correct answer.
A. some of which
B. each of which
C. which
D. that
选B.因为从然的动词是单数.
3. A force can be shown by a straight fine,__ length represents the magnitude of the force.
A. what
B. that
C. which
D. whose
选C 表示"直线的长度.
4.Jack wrote six novels, three of ___ were popular in China.
A. those
B. them
C. that
D. which
选D .which 指6本小说.
5. He stayed with us last summer vacation, __ he helped us with our work.
A. during which time
B. during the time which
C. which during the time
D. which time during
选A. which 指summer vacation 状语翻译成"期间"
6. We went to the industrial exhibition, __ we saw a great many new-type machines.
A. which
B. that
C. where
D. what
选C. where 相当于at which.
7. __ is known to all, laser also finds wide application in surgery.
A. It
B. Which
C. That
D. As
选D. as is known to all 是一种固定用法.表示"众所周各"
(三) 割裂式定语从句
1. In 1898 the Curies declared that they believed there was something in nature __gave not radiation.
A. as
B. where
C. that
D. which
选C,定语从句修饰something,而不是nature
2. With the advancement of technology, computers have come into the market __ pale of doing very complicated calculations at leapt speed.
A. that they are
B. that is
C. where they are
D. which are
选D,定语从句修饰computers,而不是market
3. Nothing should be done in a hum's__ can be done slowly.
A. weir
B. that
C. where
D. which
选B 定语从句修饰nothing 而不是hurry
4. The very successes of physics and chemistry make biology preset the key problems of the whole of natural science, __ more cordoned efforts.
A. which call for
B. which calls for
C. that call for
D. what calls for
选A 定语从句修饰problems ,而不是science
四搭配定语从句
1. He answered with the same simplicity __ he asked.
A. that
B. which
C. as
D. after
选C the same.. as 是个固定搭配.表示"他回答得像提问一样的简单.
2. Old equipment had not only such large components __vacuum tubes, but also the wires which jointed the parts together.
A. as
B. that
C. which
D. what
选A. such.., as 也是一个固定的搭配表示"像真空管一样的大型元器件.
3. __ is shown in his paper, materials expand and orate with the immense and de crease of temperature.
A. That
B. Which
C. As
D. After
选C 如果放在主句之后,用which;而放在前面则用as.这是一种固定的搭配.
4. Air moves from __the pressure is high to where the pressure is low.
A. where
B. what
C. that
D. which
选A 前后注意搭配. where 引导名词从句.
三状语从句.
(--) 时间状语从句
1. I had scarcely left the house__ it began to min.
A. than
B. when
C. before
D. after
选B. scarcely.., when 与no sooner.., than, hardly.., when 相同,表示"........."
2. __he retires, Professor Baker will have taught English in our university for almost forty years.
A. By the time
B. As soon as
C. The moment
D. The second time
选A.表示"到.....时候".这类复合连词. 除了4个选项外,还有the instant ,every time等等.
3. We all consider it necessary that the instrument must be adjusted __ it is used. A. when
B. the moment
C. each time
D. as
选C.表示"每次使用时"
4. __ we are speaking of power, time is of cause taken into account.
A. When
B. As
C. While
D. Each it
选A. when引导的时间状语可以发生在主然动作之前,也可以之后.as表示"随着.....而" while 表示'一边....一边"而each time表示"每当,每次" 这类连词还whenever表示"无论何时".since 表示"自从....以来",after表示"在....之后"before表示"在....之前".until与before词义相同,而not until 则与after 相近。

还有directly 表示“一。

就。

”与as soon as 相同。

5. __the whole society cares more about teachers and gives them more respect, will more people enter the field.
A. Not until
B. Only when
C. But for
D. In the absence of
选B引导时间状语从句的连词不仅繁多，还可以用加以强调，主谓要部分倒装，表示：吸有当整个社会都师重教，才会有更多的人来干这一行。

（二）地点状语从句
1. Strangely enough, a white smoke will form __the gases meet with each other.
A. when
B. where
C. while
D. as选B 表示“不管这面三刀种气体在何处相遇，均会产生一股白烟。

”如果选A。

则表示“当两种气体相遇时”，看似不错，其实when不能表示瞬间动作。

2. We may accordingly conclude that transistors will be used __ efficient amplification ion is required.
A. whenever
B. whatever
C. wherever
D. whoever
选C表示“用在需要有效功率放大的地方
3. No matter __ our party needs us, we should respond to her call at any time.
A. whether
B. what
C. where
D. how
选C 4个选项均可与no matter连用。

本句应表示“无论党需要我们去哪里”
4. In those old days people took shelter ___ they found it, and even a cave was good for them.
A. however
B. whatever
C. whichever
D. wherever
选D表示“无论他们何处找到避难所。

”
5. I'm going to do what I like and go __ I like.
A. where
B. wherever
C. no matter where
D. to which
选A 与平行，具有名词性从句的双重作用。

表示“去我喜欢去的地方”
（三）原因状语从句
1. In times of economies crisis,__ jobs are hard to find, many people cannot keep their position long.
A. as
B. because
C. while
D. if
选B A和B均可引导原因状语从句。

但是because 具有很强的因果关系。

as还不及since 引导的原因状语从句
2. __ heat and work are conveyable, the most important thing to know about any device is its efficiency.
A. While
B. Because
C. Since
D. If
选C，很明显主从句不具有逻辑关系。

since表示“既然”
3. __ you live next door to Mr. Robert, you ought to be able to recognize them.
A. Assuming that
B. On condition that
C. For fear that
D. Seeing that
选D，seeing that 表示“由于，因为" 这类词还有now that, in that 等等。

而acting that 表示“假定”, on condition that表示“如果条件是”for fear that表示“生怕，为了防止
4. the shop assistant rejected his complaints __ such sales were no threat to business es.
A. assuming that
B. supposed that
C. on the ground that
D. on condition that
选C，on the ground that 指“幅在为”表示“由于这类销售方式对公司没有威胁
5. Popular newspapers differ from quality newspapers__ they am less tiring to read.
A. for that
B. in which
C. in that
D. for which
选C表示”在于他们具有一定的趣味性。

（四）结果状语从句
1. The expense of color television is likely to be __ not enough people will be able to afford it.
A. so 'that
B. such that
C. such as
D. just as
选B such that 引导结果状语从句such 作表语
2. Prices continued to rise while wages remained low,__ the government became in- creakingly unpopular.
A. on condition that
B. on the ground that
C. with the result that
D. with the purpose that
选C 表示“结果政府变得越来越不受欢迎。

3. Some supplies of water are seriously treated __ they can be used.
A. so that
B. such that
C. so
D. that
选A 表示“以便可以饮用”。

结果选D则引导目的状语，表示“为了能饮用这些水”。

试比较: Man does art live that he may eat , but eats that he may live .(生存不是为了吃饭，吃饭则是为了生存)
4. So fast does the electric current pass through conductors __ it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.
A. that
B. so
C. so that
D. such that
选A把so放在句首，强调fast, that 是由so决定的
5. His car is in __poor condition that it can hardly nm any more.
A. such
B. such a
C. so
D. too
选B such 与so 不同，它后面还跟有名词;即such + a /an + adj . + n . +that
(五) 目的状语从句
1. Influenced by the earthen, they all evacuated the building__ the wall should collapse.
A. lest
B. that
C. unless
D. though
选A 表示“以免大墙倒塌"
2. You must knock down the machines before shipping __ they will arrive in good shape.
A. in enter that
B. for fear that
C. in spite that
D. for reasons that
选A in order that 表示“为了，目的在于"
3. He jotted his telephone number down__ he should forget it.
A. for fear that
B. in order that
C. in spite that
D. for reason that
选A for fear that 表示"惟恐，免得“。

全句可译成"为了不忘记，他把他的电话号码记下来“
4. Be quiet__ you should wake the baby when you go pastime.
A. in order that
B. in spite that
C. in case
D. in that选C in caps与lest相同，从句动词是should+ 动词原形。

表示“免得你将孩子闹醒
5. People wear unify to __ others may know their position or rank in the army.
A. in that
B. in order that
C. in spite that
D. in case
选B 表示为了命名辊人能够知道他们在军队里的地位与军衔。

（六）条件状语从句
1. The environment of Shanghai will he more seriously polluted__ effective measures are taken to prevent fearless from sending out poisonous gases and waste water.
A. if
B. once
C. unless
D. provided
选C 4个选项均可引导条件状语从句介只有C具有否定意义表示“如果不采取有效措施。

2 __We have the means applicable enough, nobody would ho unwilling to make the attempt.
A. Granted that
B. In that
C. In order that
D. In spite that
选A granted that与granting that 相同：这灯词还有supposed, supposing that, provided, providing that, assuming that, 表示“假定，设想，以及假如：等。

3. The doctor told his patient that he would soon recover from illness __ he strictly follow his instructions.
A. on condition that
B. with the result that
C. on the ground that
D. with the p ,repose that
选A 与in the event that, in as much as 等相同。

表示“只要他严格遵照他的话去做”句中he 的后面省略should
4. We can surely overcome these difficulties in front of us __ we are closely united.
A. in that
B. in order that
C. so far as
D. as long as
选D表示我们只要紧密团结
5. __ you can't keep our promise as planned, please let me know as early as possi ble.
A. In case
B. In order that
C. In the event that
D. In spite tempt
选C 表示“如果你不能如期履约的话”
（七）比较状语从句
1. Because of the approaching storm, the wind began to blow ham and the sky became as __dark
A. as evening
B. like evening
C. just as evening
D. just like evening
选A as ......as 是同级比较，表示夜晚一样一片漆黑
2. In spite of his aged appearance, his movement was as spirited___
A. as a young man
B. as that of a young man
C. like a young man
D. like that of a young man
选B 比较的成分必须相同，这里that指movement
3. The more we looked at the abstract painting__,
A. the less we liked it
B. the lesser we liked it
C. the least we liked it
D. the worse we liked it
选A the less 与the more 相呼应，表示“越......越 ......
4. Although we were both chilled, Peter suffered more from the cold__
A. than I
B. than me
C. than my
D. than mine
选A 这里是两个句子比较。

相当于than I suffered from the cold 谓语被省略了
5. Police dogs can do some police work __humans can.
A. as good as or better than
B. as well as or better than
C. best or better than
D. well or better than
选B well是副词。

作状语，而good形容词
（八）方式状语从句
1. We are dealing with something that flows along a conductor,__ water flows through a pipe.
A. as if
B. as though
C. just as
D. much as
选D much ,用来强调语气，表示“正如水通过水管流动一样”
2. The result of this experiment is good enough __ it is.
A. as if
B. as though
C. as much
D. just as
选D表示“照现在的样子下去”
3. __ water is the most important of liquids so air is the most important of gases.
A. Much as
B. Just as
C. So far as
D. As long as
选B just as ......so是个固定搭配它表示“正如......也
4. You may take a written exam or a paper __you prefer.
A. so far as
B. as long as
C. according as
D. much as
选C，表示根据你所喜欢的方式
5. Mr. Smith wrote about the country__ it was sixty years ago.
A. as if
B. as
C. even though
D. while
选B 表示“像60年前的样子”
（九）让步状语从句
1. __man can now create radioactive elements, there is nothing he can do to reduce their radioactivity.
A. While
B. Because
C. Provided
D. Once
选A表示“尽管人类现在能生产放射性元素”这类词还有though, although ,as, whenever ,however等等。

2. __ difficulties we my come caws, we'll help each other to get over them.
A. Wherever
B. Whatever
C. Whichever
D. However
选B表示“泛我们遇到怎么样的困难
3. __the enemy had wings, they couldn't escape from our encirclement at all.
A. As if
B. Considering that
C. Even though
D. Whether
选C even用来强调though 表示“即使适度人长上了翅膀；这类词还有if, in spite(of the fact)that, not with standing that 等等
4. __,I realize that I owe a debt to my early country life.
A. A lover of town life as 1 am
B. As I am a lover of town life
C. Even though I am a lover of towhee
D. Even if I am a lover of town life
选A，如果让步状语从句里有表语的话，常使用倒装形式，这类词还有though, that, as等等。

5. No matter what I say or __ I do, he always thinks that I'm wrong.
A. how
B. when
C. where
D. whether
选A 表示“不管我说什么，怎么做，他都认为我错了
（十）伴随情况状语从句
I. He watched TV __ he was trying to study.
A. while
B. as
C. until
D. since
选A 表示”他在看电视，又想去学习”
2. __they were gathering together under a big tree, the students talked and laughed merrily.
A. As
B. Until
C. Since
D. While
选D，表示“他们在一棵大树下，又说又笑的”。

这类词不多，与时间状语相似。