广州市新版教材八年级英语上册期中语法复习

广州市新版教材八年级英语上册期中语法复习

广州市新版教材八年级英语上册期中语法复习

Unit1

一、some与any的区别

1）some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，几个”作形容词时，后面可以接

①不可数名词+单数动词；

②可数名词+复数动词。

Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library. Some rice in the bag has been sold out. 2）any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容词时，后面可接①不可数名词+单数动词；

②可数名词+复数动词。

If you have any questions, please ask me.

There isn't any orange in the bottle.

Have you got any tea?

3）any和some也可以作代词用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑问句或否定句中，some 多用于肯定句中。

How many people can you see in the picture? I can't see any.

If you have no money, I'll lend you some.

二、复合不定代词由some,every,no,any分别与one,thing和body组合即可得到以下复合不定代词：

1.一般来说，由some构成的复合不定代词往往用于肯定句中；而由any构成的复合不定代词则往往用于否定句或疑问句中。

I heard someone singing when I was at work last night.

Please give me something to read.

(拓展）由some构成的复合不定代词有时也可用于疑问句中，用来表示请求、建议等语句。

Would you like something to read? Why not buy something interesting?

2.复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

Somebody wants to see you. Is there anything I can do for you ?

3.形容词修饰复合不定代词something,anything,everything,nothing等时，要放在不定代词的后面。

Do you have anything important to tell us?

We need one more helper. Can you find anyone else?

Unit 2 基数词与序数词

一、基数词的用法基数词是表示数目多少的词

1.用于名词前表示数量的多少。I have three pens.

2.表示时间。It‟s eleven o‟clock now.

3. 表示年龄。My mother is thirty-eight years old.

4. 表示价格The bike is two hundred and thirty-five yuan.

2、

3、不规则变化：good, well; bad, badly, ill; much, many; little; far; （slowly）★注：只有少数形容词和副词有两种比较级和最高级形式：clever lucky

2.常用的不规则变化的形容词的比较级和最高级

3.形容词前如加less和least则表示“较不”和….最不” important less important least important

4. 形容词和副词等级的用法

一、原级的用法

1修饰原级的词通常有very，quite，so，too等

例如，He is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。

My brother runs so fast that I can…t follow him.

我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。

2.原级常用的句型结构

(1) A. 形容词

“甲+be+(倍数)+as+形容词原级+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍” 例如，Tom is as old as Kate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。

Tom is twice as old as Kate.汤姆的年龄是凯特的二倍。

B. 副词“甲+实意动词+(倍数)+as+副词原级+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍”

例如，Tom runs as fast as Mike.汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。Tom runs twice as fast as Mike.汤姆跑得速度是迈克的二倍

(2)A. 形容词“甲+be+not+as/so+形容词原级+as+乙”甲不如乙…

例如，This room is not as/so big as that one. 这个房间不如那个大。

B. 副词“甲+助动词+not+动词原形+as/so+副词原级+as+乙”甲不如乙…

例如，He doesn‟t walk as slowly as you.他走路不像你那样慢。

二、比较级的用法

1. 可以修饰比较级的词，much，a lot，far，…的多a little，a bit，…一点儿；even甚至，still仍然

例如Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.第一课比第二课容易得多。Tom looks even younger than before.汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。

This train runs much faster than that one.这辆火车比那辆跑地快。

She drives still more carefully than her husband.她开车仍然比她丈夫还认真。

2.比较级常用的句型结构

(1)“甲+be+(倍数)+形容词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍” 例如，Tom is taller than Kate.汤姆比凯特高。

This room is three times bigger than that one.这个房间比那个大三倍。

“甲+实意动词+(倍数)+副词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍” 例如，I got up earlier than my mother this morning.我今天早晨起床比我妈妈还早。He runs three times faster than his brother.他跑的速度比他弟弟快三倍

(2)A. 形容词“甲+be+形容词比较级+than+any other+单数名词(+介词短语)”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……”，含义“甲最……”。例如，The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China. =The Yangtze River is longer than any of the other rivers in China.长江比中国的任何一条其他的河都长。=The Yangtze River is longer than the other rivers in China.长江比中国的其他所有的河都长。

(3)“甲+be+the+形容词比较级+of the two+……”表示“甲是两者中较……的”。

例如：Look at the two boys.My brother is the taller of the two.看那两个男孩，我弟弟是两

5 个当中较高的那个。

(4)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。例如，He is getting taller and taller.他变得越来越高了。The flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮。He does his homework more and more carefully.他做作业越来越认真了。

(5)“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……，越……”。

例如，The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you‟ll make.你越认真，犯的错误越少。(6)“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级，甲or乙？” 例如，Which is bigger，the earth or the moon？哪一个大，地球还是月球？“特殊疑问词+实意动词+副词比较级，甲or乙？” 例如，Who draws better，Jenny or Danny？谁画得比较好，詹妮还是丹尼？

3.最高级常用句型结构

(1)“主语+be+the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……的”。例如，Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students. This apple is the biggest of the five. “主语+实意动词+(the)+副词最高级+单数

名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……的”。例如，I jump (the) farthest in my class.

(2)“主语+be+one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示“……是……中最……之一”。例如，Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.北京是中国最大城市之一。